Fields Wicker-Miurin: Learning from leadership's missing manual

譯者: Harvey Hao Liu 審譯者: Shelley Krishna Tsang

I'm going to talk

我要談一談

about some of my discoveries

通過我的工作，得到的世界範圍的

around the world through my work.

一些發現。

These are not discoveries of planets

這些不是關於地球

or new technologies

科學技術的

or science.

發現

They're discoveries of people

它們是關於人

and the way people are, and new leadership.

和領導力。

This is Benki.

這人是Benki。

Benki is a leader of the Ashaninka Nation.

Benki是Ashaninka民族的領袖

His people live in Brazil

他的人民住在巴西

and in Peru.

和秘魯。

Benki comes from a village

Benki來自亞馬遜河流域

so remote up in the Amazon

的邊遠小村莊。

that to get there, either you have to fly

去那裡，你要麼坐飛機

and land on water,

並在水中降落

or go by canoe for several days.

要麼花上幾天的時間坐劃艇去。

I met Benki three years ago in Sao Paulo

三天之前，我在Sao Paulo遇見Benki。

when I'd brought him and other leaders

那天我和他，還有全世界的土著

from indigenous peoples

領袖們

to meet with me and leaders from around the world,

相聚一堂。

because we wanted to learn from each other.

因為我們希望相互學習。

We wanted to share our stories with each other.

我們希望互相分享我們的經驗

The Ashaninka people

Ashaninka人民

are known throughout South America

從印加時代

for their dignity, their spirit

到19世紀的割橡膠時代

and their resistance,

在南美洲

starting with the Incas

以他們自己的尊嚴，精神

and continuing through the 19th century

反抗精神

with the rubber tappers.

而廣為人知。

Today's biggest threat to the Ashaninka people

目前對Ashaninka人民和Benki

and to Benki

最大的威脅是

comes from illegal logging --

來自非法伐木

the people who come into the beautiful forest

伐木工人來到這個美麗的大森林

and cut down ancient mahogany trees,

砍倒古老的紅木樹，

float them down the river to world markets.

讓木材順著河流一直到世界市場

Benki knew this.

Benki知道這些。

He could see what was happening to his forest, to his environment,

他能預見他的森林，他的生存環境會變成什麼樣子

because he was taken under his grandfather's wing

因為他是在他祖父的教導下長大，

when he was only two years old

當他兩歲的時候

to begin to learn about the forest

就開始學習森林

and the way of life of his people.

他們人民的生活方式

His grandfather died when he was only 10.

在他僅僅10歲的時候，他祖父過世了。

And at that young age, 10 years old,

在這年輕的年齡，10歲

Benki became the paje of his community.

Benki 成為他宗族裏面的（帕傑）智者

Now, in the Ashaninka tradition and culture,

在Ashaninka的傳統文化中

the paje is the most important

帕傑在宗族裏面

person in the community.

是一位很重要的人物。

This is the person who contains within him

帕傑是一位擁有

all the knowledge, all the wisdom

所有知識和所有智慧

of centuries and centuries of life,

的一個人。

and not just about his people,

這些知識和智慧不僅僅包括他的人民

but about everything that his people's survival depended on:

還包括他人民賴以生存的一切

the trees, the birds,

樹，鳥

the water, the soil, the forest.

水，土地，森林。

So when he was only 10 and he became the paje,

所以在他僅僅10歲當上帕傑的時候

he began to lead his people.

他就開始領導他的人民。

He began to talk to them

他就開始和他的人民談論

about the forest that they needed to protect,

關於保護森林，

the way of life they needed to nurture.

生活的方法。

He explained to them

他給他人民解釋

that it was not a question of survival of the fittest;

這不是關於適者生存的問題，

it was a question of understanding

問題是要理解

what they needed to survive

他們活下來需要什麼東西

and to protect that.

並去保護那些東西。

Eight years later,

8年之後，

when he was a young man of 18,

當Benki成為18歲的青年人，

Benki left the forest for the first time.

他首次離開森林。

He went 3,000 miles on an odyssey to Rio

他長途旅行到了3千英里之外的Rio

to the Earth Summit

參加地球峰會

to tell the world what was happening

並告訴世界，在他那個小地方

in his tiny, little corner.

發生的事情。

And he went because he hoped the world would listen.

他參加那個會議是因為他希望全世界能聆聽。

Some did, not everybody.

不是每個人都在聆聽，一部分人聽了。

But if you can imagine this young man

但是如果你想像一下這個青年人

with his headdress and his flowing robe,

帶著頭飾，穿著飄拂的長袍

learning a new language, Portuguese,

正在學習一門新語言，葡萄牙語。

not to mention English,

更別提英語了。

going to Rio,

他去Rio-

building a bridge

這個十分不友善的世界。

to reach out to people he'd never met before --

他努力去接觸他之前

a pretty hostile world.

沒有結識過的人們。

But he wasn't dismayed.

但是他沒有氣餒。

Benki came back to his village full of ideas --

Benki滿懷著想法，新技術，新研究成果，

new technologies, new research,

對於正在發生的一切事情的新理解方法

new ways of understanding what was going on.

回到了他的小村莊。

Since that time,

從那之後，

he's continued to work with his people,

他繼續和他的人民一起努力工作。

and not only the Ashaninka Nation,

不僅僅是阿紗凝卡民族

but all the peoples of the Amazon and beyond.

所有亞馬遜流域的人民

He's built schools

他建造學校

to teach children to care for the forest.

教孩子們照看森林

Together, he's led the reforestation

大家一起讓

of over 25 percent of the land

被伐木工人毀滅的25%土地

that had been destroyed by the loggers.

重新變為森林

He's created a cooperative

他建立合作農場

to help people diversify their livelihoods.

幫助人們多樣化謀生

And he's brought the internet and satellite technology

他將互聯網和衛星技術

to the forest --

帶回原始森林

both so that people themselves

這樣當地的人們

could monitor the deforestation,

可以監視砍伐森林的行為

but also that he could speak from the forest

他們還可以與世界其他地方的人們

to the rest of the world.

交流

If you were to meet Benki

如果你遇見了Benki

and ask him, "Why are you doing this?

并問他，你爲什麽做這些？

Why are you putting yourself at risk?

你爲什麽冒這個風險？

Why are you making yourself vulnerable

你爲什麽讓自己暴露給

to what is often a hostile world?"

這個時常充滿敵意的世界

he would tell you,

他會像回答我一樣的那樣

as he told me,

告訴你

"I asked myself," he said,

他說，我問我自己

"What did my grandparents and my great-grandparents do

我的祖輩們為我保護這森林

to protect the forest for me?

都做了些什麽？

And what am I doing?"

而我又在做些什麽呢？

So when I think of that,

所以當我想到這些問題的時候

I wonder what our grandchildren

我想知道，我的子孫們

and our great-grandchildren,

當他們問他們自己

when they ask themselves that question,

這些問題的時候

I wonder how they will answer.

我想知道，他們將如何回答這些問題

For me, the world is veering

對我而言，這個世界正在向

towards a future we don't much want

我們不希望的方向改變

when we really think about it deep inside.

當我們真正深入思考這些問題的時候

It's a future we don't know the details of,

我們不知道未來的一些細節

but it's a future that has signs,

但是未來有著一些徵兆

just like Benki saw the signs around him.

就像Benki看到他周圍發生的徵兆一樣

We know we are running out of what we need.

我們知道我們正在耗盡資源

We're running out of fresh water.

我們正在耗盡淡水

We're running out of fossil fuels.

我們正在耗盡石油

We're running out of land.

我們正在耗盡土地

We know climate change is going to affect all of us.

我們知道氣候改變將影響我們大家

We don't know how, but we know it will.

我們不知道它是如何影響的，但是我們知道它將會影響我們

And we know that there will be more of us than ever before --

我們知道我們現在的人口比以前要多

five times as many people in 40 years

在40年里增長5倍

than 60 years ago.

比60年前。

We are running out of what we need.

我們正在耗盡我們的資源

And we also know

並且我們也知道

that the world has changed in other ways,

世界已經以另外一種方式在改變

that since 1960

自從1960

there are one-third as many new countries

地球上誕生了1/3

that exist as independent entities on the planet.

的獨立國家。

Egos, systems of government --

政府系統

figuring it out --

明白

massive change.

巨大的改變

And in addition to that,

除此之外

we know that five other really big countries

我們知道5個大國

are going to have a say in the future,

在未來將有發言權

a say we haven't even really started to hear yet --

我們不曾真正凝聽過他們的聲音

China, India,

中華人民共和國，印度

Russia, South Africa

俄羅斯，南非

and Benki's own Brazil,

Benki的巴西

where Benki got his civil rights

Benki得到了巴西的公民權

only in the 1988 constitution.

在1988的憲法中

But you know all that.

你知道這所有

You know more than Benki knew when he left his forest

當Benki走了3000英里，走出他的那片森林

and went 3,000 miles.

的時候，你知道的比他多

You also know

你也知道

that we can't just keep doing what we've always done,

我們不能繼續保持我們現在一直的做法

because we'll get the results

因為那樣我們將得到

we've always gotten.

報應

And this reminds me of something I understand

這提醒了我一些事情

Lord Salisbury said to Queen Victoria over a hundred years ago,

一百多年以前，索爾斯伯利勳爵對維多利亞女王說

when she was pressing him, "Please change."

當她告訴他,請改變

He said, "Change?

他回答，改變？

Why change?

爲什麽改變

Things are bad enough as they are."

事情就像它原本的那樣的糟糕

We have to change.

我們不得不改變

It's imperative to me, when I look around the world,

當我看看我周圍這世界

that we need to change ourselves.

我們需要改變我們自己是至關重要的事情

We need new models of what it means to be a leader.

我們需要新的領導模式

We need new models

我們需要

of being a leader and a human in the world.

新的領導模式和新的生存模式

I started life as a banker.

我像一個銀行家那樣生活

Now I don't admit to that

現在我不得不向

to anybody but my very close friends.

我非常親密的朋友坦白

But for the past eight years,

但是8年之前，

I've done something completely different.

我已經做了些完全不同的事情

My work has taken me around the world,

我的工作是要滿世界跑的

where I've had the real privilege

我有機會

of meeting people like Benki

與像Benki一樣

and many others who are making change happen

的領導者會面，他們正在

in their communities --

做出一些改變

people who see the world differently,

這些領導者看到不同的世界

who are asking different questions,

他們問出不同的問題

who have different answers,

他們有不同的答案

who understand the filters that they wear

當他們走向世界

when they go out into the world.

他們理解他們自己的文化。

This is Sanghamitra.

這是Sanghamitra.

Sanghamitra comes from Bangalore.

她來自班格洛爾

I met Sanghamitra eight years ago

我八年之前在班格洛爾

when I was in Bangalore

遇見了Sanghamitra.

organizing a workshop with leaders of different NGO's

當時我正在和一些來自不同的非政府組織領導者們

working in some of the hardest aspects of society.

參加一個研討會，討論社會的最困難的問題

Sanghamitra didn't start life

Sanghamitra 一開始不是

as a leader of an NGO,

一位非政府組織的領導者

she started her career as university professor,

她開始人生的職業是大學教授

teaching English literature.

是教英文文學

But she realized that she was much too detached from the world doing that.

但是她意識到她作教授這個職業就與這個現實世界脫離了

She loved it, but she was too detached.

她喜歡這個職業但是這會使她與現實世界脫離

And so in 1993,

所以在1993年

a long time ago,

離現在很久之前

she decided to start a new organization

她決定開辦一家新的組織

called Samraksha

叫做Samraksha

focused on one of the hardest areas,

這組織專注與最難得領域

one of the hardest issues in India --

在印度，困難最大的一個問題

anywhere in the world at the time --

當前全世界最困難的問題

HIV/AIDS.

艾滋病

Since that time, Samraksha has grown

從那之後，Samraksha逐漸

from strength to strength

壯大起來

and is now one of the leading health NGO's in India.

現在該組織已是印度最重要的健康保健非政府組織

But if you just think about the state of the world

但是如果你思考這個世界現在的狀態

and knowledge of HIV/AIDS

艾滋病的知識

in 1993 --

但是在1993年

in India at that time it was skyrocketing

在那個時間，艾滋病在印度飛速傳播

and nobody understood why,

沒有人知道這是爲什麽

and everyone was actually very, very afraid.

每個人都非常，非常害怕

Today there are still three million

現在依然有三百萬艾滋病人

HIV-positive people in India.

在印度

That's the second largest population in the world.

這是世界人第二人口大國的情況

When I asked Sanghamitra,

當我問Sanghamitra,

"How did you get from English literature

你爲什麽從英語文學

to HIV/AIDS?"

轉到艾滋病事業

not an obvious path,

這不是個典型的職業轉換

she said to me,

她告訴我

"It's all connected.

這是有聯繫的

Literature makes one sensitive,

文學使我敏感

sensitive to people,

對人民敏感

to their dreams and to their ideas."

對他們的夢想，他們的想法敏感

Since that time, under her leadership,

從那之後，在她的領導之下

Samraksha has been a pioneer

Samraksha已經成為

in all fields related

艾滋病相關領域的

to HIV/AIDS.

領航者

They have respite homes, the first,

他們建立了第一個收留艾滋病人之家

the first care centers,

第一家治療艾滋病中心

the first counseling services --

第一家諮詢服務中心

and not just in urban, 7-million-population Bangalore,

不僅僅是在擁有7百萬人口的城市Bangalore

but in the hardest to reach villages

還有在Karnataka省的一些

in the state of Karnataka.

最困難的小鄉村

Even that wasn't enough.

即使這樣還是不夠的

She wanted to change policy at the government level.

她希望在政府的層次改變政策

10 of their programs that she pioneered

由她倡導的10的項目

are now government policy and funded by the government.

已經得到了政府政策上和資金上的支持

They take care of 20,000-odd people today

現在他們照顧Karnataka省周圍1千個村子中的

in over 1,000 villages around Karnataka.

2萬老年人

She works with people like Murali Krishna.

她和Murali Krishna一樣的人民一起工作

Murali Krishna comes from one of those villages.

Murali Krishna來自其中一個小村莊

He lost his wife to AIDS a couple of years ago,

他的妻子因為艾滋病離他而去

and he's HIV-positive.

他也是艾滋病人

But he saw the work, the care,

但是他看見了Sanghramitra組織

the compassion

帶給小鄉村

that Sanghamitra and her team brought to the village,

的工作，愛心，同情之心

and he wanted to be part of it.

他希望成為組織其中一員

He's a Leaders' Quest fellow, and that helps him with his work.

他現在是調查人，是幫助組織工作的

They've pioneered a different approach to villages.

他們用一個完全不同的方法幫助小鄉村

Instead of handing out information in pamphlets,

而不是用以往發宣傳小冊子

as is so often the case,

傳統的方法

they bring theater troupes,

他們帶來了表演團

songs, music, dance.

歌聲，音樂，舞蹈

And they sit around,

大家做成一圈

and they talk about dreams.

談夢想

Sanghamitra told me just last week --

Sanghamitra告訴我僅僅上一周

she had just come back from two weeks in the villages,

她剛剛從鄉村回來兩周

and she had a real breakthrough.

她有了一個真正的突破

They were sitting in a circle, talking about the dreams for the village.

大家圍坐成一圈，談夢想

And the young women in the village

鄉村裏面的年輕的婦女

spoke up and said, "We've changed our dream.

發言：我們已經改變我們的夢想

Our dream

我們的夢想

is for our partners, our husbands,

是為我們的老公

not to be given to us because of a horoscope,

不是為我們自己，因為命運

but to be given to us

也是為我們自己

because they've been tested for HIV."

因為我們的老公已經被檢查有艾滋病

If you are lucky enough to meet Sanghamitra

如果你幸運地遇見了Sanghamitra

and ask her why and how,

問她爲什麽要這樣做，又是如何做到的

how have you achieved so much?

你是如何做到成就這麼大的事業的

She would look at you

她會看著你

and very quietly, very softly say,

非常平靜，非常平緩地說

"It just happened.

它就是實現了

It's the spirit inside."

它是我內心的精神

This is Dr. Fan Jianchuan.

這是Fan Jianchuan博士

Jianchuan comes from Sichuan Province

Jianchuan來自中華人民共和國西南部

in southwest China.

四川省

He was born in 1957,

他出生于1957年

and you can imagine what his childhood

大家能相信一下他的童年，

looked like and felt like,

和他風風雨雨走過的

and what his life has been like

這50多年的

over the last 50 tumultuous years.

人生歷程

He's been a soldier, a teacher,

他當過兵，當過人民教師

a politician, a vice-mayor

公務員，副市長

and a business man.

生意人

But if you sat down and asked him, "Who are you really,

但是如果你坐下來問他：你如何定位你自己

and what do you do?"

你是做什麽的

He would tell you, "I'm a collector,

他將告訴你：我是一位收藏家

and I curate a museum."

我管理一家博物館

I was lucky; I had heard about him for years,

我是幸運地，幾年之前我就聽說過他的故事

and I finally met him earlier this year

今年初，在成都我終於

at his museum in Chengdu.

在他博物館里見到了他

He's been a collector all of his life,

他的一生都在收藏

starting when he was four or five in the early 1960's.

1960年早期，當他4,5歲的時候，他就開始收藏

Now, just think of the early 1960's in China.

現在想想1960年早期的中國

Over a lifetime, through everything,

他花了一生的時間在收藏，

through the Cultural Revolution and everything afterward,

關於文化大革命的東西，之後的一些東西

he's kept collecting,

他還堅持收藏

so that he now has over eight million pieces

以至於他的博物館里現在有超過8百萬件

in his museums

收藏品

documenting contemporary Chinese history.

這些收藏品記錄了當代中國人民的歷史

These are pieces that you won't find anywhere else in the world,

有一些收藏品，你在世界任何其它地方都不可能找到

in part because they document parts of history

這些收藏品記錄著歷史的一部份

Chinese choose to forget.

中國人民趨向于遺忘

For example, he's got over one million pieces

舉例，他收藏有一百多萬件收藏品

documenting the Sino-Japanese War,

這些收藏品見證著日本侵華戰爭

a war that's not talked about in China very much

在中國，這場戰爭已不被常常談論起了

and whose heroes are not honored.

中華英雄們也已不被常常談論

Why did he do all this?

但是他爲什麽要收藏這些呢

Because he thought

因為他認為

a nation should never repeat the mistakes of the past.

一個國家不能重蹈覆轍

So, from commissioning

所以他委託製作了一些

slightly larger than life bronze statues

日本侵華戰爭中的中華英雄的青銅像

of the heroes of the Sino-Japanese War,

這些中華英雄包括

including those Chinese

國民黨中的中華英雄

who then fought with each other

他們中的一部份離開了

and left mainland China to go to Taiwan,

中國大陸去往了中國台灣

to commemorating all the unknown,

為了紀念所有無名英雄及其他們的英雄故事

ordinary soldiers who survived,

他去拜訪那些在戰爭中倖存下來的老兵

by asking them to take prints of their hands,

并留取他們的手印

he is making sure -- one man is making sure --

他在證實，一個男人在證實

that history is not forgotten.

這段不可遺忘的歷史

But it's not just Chinese heroes he cares about.

他不僅僅只關心中華英雄

This building contains the world's largest collection

這個博物館裏面還有世界上最大的見證美國英雄在這場

of documents and artifacts

戰爭中的角色的收藏品

commemorating the U.S. role

在這場持久戰中，和中國英雄們

in fighting on the Chinese side

並肩作戰的美國英雄

in that long war --

他們就是

the Flying Tigers.

飛虎隊

He has nine other buildings --

Jianchuan擁有9個其他建築

that are already open to the public --

已經準備對公眾開放

filled to the rafters with artifacts

支架上擺滿了記錄著

documenting contemporary Chinese history.

當代中國人民歷史的收藏品

Two of the most sensitive buildings

有兩個最敏感的建築

include a lifetime of collection

包括了他一生收藏的

about the Cultural Revolution,

關於文化大革命的收藏品

a period that actually most Chinese

這是一段大多數中國人不愿提起

would prefer to forget.

的歷史

But he doesn't want his nation

但是他不希望國家

ever to forget.

遺忘這段歷史

These people inspire me,

這些人激勵著我

and they inspire me because they show us

他們激勵我，是因為他們向我展現

what is possible when you change the way

當我們看著這個世界

you look at the world,

并改變我們看待自己的方式的時候

change the way you look at your place in the world.

這一切是可能實現的

They looked outside,

他們眺望外面的世界

and then they changed what was on the inside.

并改變著他們內心的世界

They didn't go to business school.

他們沒有去商學院讀過書

They didn't read a manual, "How to Be a Good Leader

他們沒有讀過類似于 “10個簡單步驟 教你如何做一位優秀領導者”

in 10 Easy Steps."

這樣的手冊

But they have qualities we'd all recognize.

但是他們有領導者的素養，我們能發現這一點。

They have drive, passion, commitment.

他們擁有驅動力，激情，責任感

They've gone away

他們從他們

from what they did before,

熟悉的領域走出

and they've gone

他們向著他們未知的領域

to something they didn't know.

邁進。

They've tried to connect worlds

他們嘗試聯繫

they didn't know existed before.

那些他們不曾瞭解的世界

They've built bridges, and they've walked across them.

他們已經建立了通往他們不曾瞭解的那些世界的橋樑，并走了過去

They have a sense of the great arc of time

他們走在時代之橋上

and their tiny place in it.

他們有這個能力

They know people have come before them

他們知道人們已經來到他們面前

and will follow them.

他們信任團隊裏面的其他人

And they know that they're part of a whole,

他們知道團隊只有領導者是不夠的

that they depend on other people.

他們信任團隊裏面的其他人

It's not about them, they know that,

他們知道團隊只有領導者是不夠的

but it has to start with them.

但是領導者是走在團隊的最前面的

And they have humility.

同時，他們是謙遜的

It just happens.

事業就是這樣實現了

But we know it doesn't just happen, don't we?

但是我們知道這是不容易的

We know it takes a lot to make it happen,

我們知道這是要花費很多才實現的

and we know the direction the world is going in.

我們知道世界的發展方向

So I think we need succession planning

所以我認為我們需要以全球為基礎

on a global basis.

的可持續發展的計劃

We can't wait for the next generation, the new joiners,

我們不能等待下一代人來

to come in and learn how to be the good leaders we need.

學習如何成為我們需要的卓越領導者

I think it has to start with us.

我認為我們要從我們自己做起

And we know, just like they knew,

我們知道

how hard it is.

這是十分困難的

But the good news is that we don't have to figure it out as we go along;

但是好消息是我們不要重新想方法去實現

we have models, we have examples,

我們有Benki，Sanghamitri，Jianchuan

like Benki and Sanghamitra and Jianchuan.

這樣的榜樣和例子

We can look at what they've done, if we look.

如果我們學習他們，我們能學習他們是如何實現的

We can learn from what they've learned.

我們能學習他們的經驗

We can change the way we see ourselves in the world.

我們能改變我們的人生觀，世界觀

And if we're lucky,

如果我們幸運的話

we can change the way

我們能改變這一切

our great-grandchildren

我們的子孫後代

will answer Benki's question.

將會回答Benki的問題

Thank you.

謝謝

(Applause)

（掌聲）