How fake handbags fund terrorism and organized crime | Alastair Gray

翻译人员: Chris Zong 校对人员: Kerry Chen

Two years ago, I set off from central London on the Tube

两年前，我在伦敦中心区乘坐地铁

and ended up somewhere in the east of the city

到了东伦敦的某处，

walking into a self-storage unit

我走进一间自存仓，

to meet a guy that had 2,000 luxury polo shirts for sale.

会见一个有2000件高档 Polo衫出售的家伙。

And as I made my way down the corridor,

当时我从走廊往下走，

a broken, blinking light made it just like the cliche scene

一盏坏了的，不停闪烁的灯 使这一切看起来

from a gangster movie.

像是某部黑帮电影中的惯用情节。

Our man was early, and he was waiting for me

我要见的人早到了，他正等着我，

in front of a unit secured with four padlocks down the side.

他的背后是一个周边 装着四把锁扣的柜子。

On our opening exchange,

在我们开始的谈话里，

it was like a verbal sparring match

我们就像参加了一场争吵比赛，

where he threw the first punches.

他率先向我挥出重击。

Who was I? Did I have a business card?

我是谁？ 我有名片吗？

And where was I going to sell?

我准备去哪卖这些货？

And then, he just started opening up,

然后，既然他开了场，

and it was my turn.

现在轮到我了。

Where were the polo shirts coming from?

这些Polo衫都是哪来的？

What paperwork did he have?

你有什么文件吗？

And when was his next shipment going to arrive?

他的下批货什么时候到？

I was treading the fine line

我当时正划出一条界线，

between asking enough questions to get what I needed

这条线能让我问足够多 的问题来知道我需要的，

and not enough for him to become suspicious,

同时也不会多到让他生疑。

because what he didn't know is that I'm a counterfeit investigator,

因为他不知道的是， 我是一个假货调查员。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

and after 20 minutes or so of checking over the product

在花了大约20分钟

for the telltale signs of counterfeit production --

检查产品是假货的证据——

say, badly stitched labels or how the packaging

比如，缝纫糟糕的标签

had a huge brand logo stamped all over the front of it --

或者包装上面有一个巨大 的品牌商标——之后，

I was finally on my way out,

我终于从那里出来了，

but not before he insisted on walking down to the street with me

但是是在他坚持陪着我走到街道上，

and back to the station.

再回到那间自存仓之后。

And the feeling after these meetings is always the same:

所有这类会见的感觉都是一样的：

my heart is beating like a drum,

我的心跳加速，

because you never know if they've actually bought your story,

因为你不知道他们 是不是听信了你所说的，

or they're going to start following you to see who you really are.

或者他们会不会跟踪你， 看看你到底是谁。

Relief only comes when you turn the first corner

当你拐过第一个路口时，

and glance behind, and they're not standing there.

瞥瞥后面，确定他们 没站在那，你才能松一口气。

But what our counterfeit polo shirt seller certainly didn't realize

不过我们的假冒Polo衫 卖家没想到的是，

所有我看到和听到的，会导致 一场黎明时分针对他房子的突袭，

is that everything I'd seen and heard would result in a dawn raid on his house,

他被8个出现在家门口 的男人从床上弄醒，

him being woken out of bed by eight men on his doorstep

and all his product seized.

他所有的产品被查封了。

But this would reveal that he was just a pawn

但是不久我们发现他不过是

at the end of a counterfeiting network spanning three continents,

一个横跨三大洲假货集团 末端的一个小卒子。

and he was just the first loose thread that I'd started to pull on

他只是我希望解开而开始着手

in the hope that it would all unravel.

拉出的线团的第一根线。

Why go through all that trouble?

干嘛弄得那么麻烦呢？

Well, maybe counterfeiting is a victimless crime?

毕竟，也许造假只是一种 不怎么伤害人的罪行？

These big companies, they make enough money,

这些大公司赚的钱够多了，

so if anything,

如果真要说有什么的话，

counterfeiting is just a free form of advertising, right?

造假也算是打了个免费广告，对吧？

And consumers believe just that --

消费者也相信

that the buying and selling of fakes is not that big a deal.

买卖假货不是什么大不了的事。

But I'm here to tell you that that is just not true.

但我想告诉你们，事实不是这样。

What the tourist on holiday doesn't see about those fake handbags

假日里购物的游客看不到的是，

is they may well have been stitched together

这些假包可能是由一个孩子缝制的，

by a child who was trafficked away from her family,

而这个孩子是从家里被绑架的，

and what the car repair shop owner doesn't realize

修车店老板没注意到的是，

about those fake brake pads

这些假冒的刹车片

is they may well be lining the pockets of an organized crime gang

可能正在充实从事毒品，妓女交易的

involved in drugs and prostitution.

组织犯罪帮派的钱包。

And while those two things are horrible to think about,

如果这两件事听起来已经够可怕了，

it gets much worse,

还有更可怕的，

because counterfeiting is even funding terrorism.

因为假货甚至还在资助恐怖主义。

Let that sink in for a moment.

让我来详细说明一下。

Terrorists are selling fakes to fund attacks,

恐怖分子一直在通过 出售假货来资助恐怖袭击，

attacks in our cities that try to make victims of all of us.

在我们城市的恐怖袭击， 想要伤害我们所有人。

You wouldn't buy a live scorpion,

你不会买只活蝎子，

because there's a chance that it would sting you on the way home,

因为在你回家的路上 有可能它会蜇你一下。

but would you still buy a fake handbag

但你是否还是会买一个假包，

if you knew the profits would enable someone to buy bullets

当你知道这笔交易 的利润将资助某个人

that would kill you and other innocent people six months later?

在六个月后去买子弹 杀掉你和另外一些无辜的人？

Maybe not.

也许你不会再买了。

OK, time to come clean.

下面我要澄清一下。

In my youth --

在我年轻时，

yeah, I might look like I'm still clinging on to it a bit --

是的，我也许看起来 好像还挺年轻——

I bought fake watches while on holiday in the Canary Islands.

我在加那利群岛度假时买过假表。

But why do I tell you this?

我为什么告诉你们这些？

Well, we've all done it,

我们其实都买过假货，

or we know someone that's done it.

或者我们知道有人买过假货，

And until this very moment, maybe you didn't think twice about it,

直到此时此刻你也许 没再想起过这回事，

and nor did I,

我也一样，

until I answered a 20-word cryptic advert

直到我回应了一个20个字 的神秘招聘广告，

to become an intellectual property investigator.

成为了一个知识产权调查员。

It said "Full training given and some international travel."

广告里说”提供完整培训 和一些国际旅行机会“。

Within a week, I was creating my first of many aliases,

在一周之内，我就编了 我众多假名字中的第一个假名，

and in the 10 years since, I've investigated fake car parts,

在那之后的十年里，

alloy wheels, fake pet grooming tools,

我调查过假冒汽车配件， 假冒合金轮毂，

fake bicycle parts,

假冒宠物清洁工具， 假冒自行车配件，

and, of course, the counterfeiter's favorite,

当然，还有造假者的最爱，

fake luxury leather goods, clothing and shoes.

假冒的奢侈皮革制品，衣服和鞋子。

And what I've learned in the 10 years of investigating fakes

我在这十年调查假货 的经验里学到的是，

is that once you start to scratch the surface,

一旦你开始撕破表面那一层，

you find that they are rotten to the core,

你就会发现售假牟利

as are the people and organizations that are making money from them,

的这些人和组织，其内部已经腐烂了，

because they are profiting on a massive, massive scale.

因为这个行当的利润惊人。

You can only make around a hundred to 200 percent

在街上卖毒品，

selling drugs on the street.

你只能挣到1倍到2倍的利润。

You can make 2,000 percent selling fakes online

在网上卖假货，你能挣到20倍的利润，

with little of the same risks or penalties.

相比卖毒品风险或惩罚小得多。

And this quick, easy money

这种快而容易的钱

then goes on to fund the more serious types of crime,

开始去资助很多真正的犯罪，

and it pays the way to making these organizations,

而且这种钱使得这些犯罪组织

these criminal organizations, look more legitimate.

看起来更合法。

So let me bring you in on a live case.

让我给你们讲一个真实的案例。

Earlier this year, a series of raids took place

今年早些时候，在我所 参与的时间最长的一次调查中，

in one of my longest-running investigations.

进行了一系列的突袭行动。

Five warehouses were raided in Turkey,

在土耳其有5间仓库被扫荡了，

and over two million finished counterfeit clothing products were seized,

有超过2百万的假冒成品服装制被查封，

and it took 16 trucks to take that all away.

当时用了16辆卡车来运走它们。

But this gang had been clever.

但是这次的犯罪组织很聪明，

They had gone to the lengths of creating their own fashion brands,

他们费尽心机创造了 他们自己的服装品牌，

complete with registered trademarks,

完成了商标注册，

and even having photo shoots on yachts in Italy.

甚至还在意大利的游艇上拍好了照片。

And they would use these completely unheard-of and unsuspicious brand names

他们想利用这些 完全没听过的可疑品牌

as a way of shipping container loads of fakes

来运输装满假货的集装箱，

to shell companies that they'd set up across Europe.

运到他们在欧洲建立的空壳公司。

And documents found during those raids

这些突袭行动中发现的文件

found that they'd been falsifying shipping documents

显示他们已经伪造好了船务文件，

so the customs officials would literally have no idea

这样海关关员从这些文件上是找不到

who had sent the products in the first place.

到底是谁从一开始发出了这些货物。

When police got access to just one bank account,

警察只是查询了一个银行户口，

they found nearly three million euros

就发现了差不多3百万欧元的款项

had been laundered out of Spain in less than two years,

在不到两年的时间内 就从西班牙被洗出去。

and just two days after those raids,

这些突袭行动结束仅仅两天之后，

that gang were trying to bribe a law firm to get their stock back.

涉事的犯罪组织试着去贿赂 一家律师行，把他们的货物弄回来。

Even now, we have no idea where all that money went,

即使现在，我们也不知道 那些钱都去了哪，

to who it went to,

汇到了谁那里，

but you can bet it's never going to benefit the likes of you or me.

但是你肯定知道这些钱 是不会惠及比如你和我这样的人的。

But these aren't just low-level street thugs.

这些可不是街头低段位的混混。

They're business professionals, and they fly first class.

他们是专业的商务人士， 都是坐头等舱的人物，

They trick legitimate businesses

他们利用假发票和文件

with convincing fake invoices and paperwork,

使自己看起来像在做合法生意，

so everything just seems real,

所有的事看起来都和真的一样，

and then they set up eBay and Amazon accounts

他们还建立了Ebay和亚马逊账户

just to compete with the people they've already sold fakes to.

来和那些已经买了他们货的人竞争。

But this isn't just happening online.

这些事可不是只发生在网络上。

For a few years, I also used to attend automotive trade shows

几年前，我经常参加一些 在巨大展览场地

taking place in huge exhibition spaces,

举行的汽车展，

but away from the Ferraris and the Bentleys and the flashing lights,

在远离法拉利，宾利和闪光灯的地方

there'd be companies selling fakes:

也有公司在售卖假货。

companies with a brochure on the counter

在展台上放着一本目录册的公司，

and another one underneath, if you ask them the right questions.

如果你问他们正确的问题， 那么私底下他们还有另外一家公司。

And they would sell me fake car parts, faulty fake car parts

他们会卖给我假冒的 有问题的汽车配件，

that have been estimated to cause over 36,000 fatalities,

而这种配件据估计已经造成了

deaths on our roads each year.

每年道路上超过36000起死伤。

Counterfeiting is set to become a 2.3-trillion-dollar underground economy,

假货是一种已达2.3万亿美元 规模的地下经济，

and the damage that can be done with that kind of money,

这么大规模的钱能造成的伤害

it's really frightening ...

是非常可怕的。

because fakes fund terror.

因为假货在资助恐怖主义。

Fake trainers on the streets of Paris,

巴黎街上的假冒运动鞋，

fake cigarettes in West Africa,

西非的假冒烟草，

and pirate music CDs in the USA

美国的盗版音乐CD，

have all gone on to fund trips to training camps,

所有这些都在资助 去恐怖训练营的旅程，

bought weapons and ammunition, or the ingredients for explosives.

所有这些都被用来购买武器， 弹药或者爆炸材料。

In June 2014, the French security services

2014年6月，法国安全部门

stopped monitoring the communications of Said and Cherif Kouachi,

停止了监视塞得和谢里夫·酷阿奇的通讯，

the two brothers who had been on a terror watch list for three years.

而这两兄弟在3年里 都在恐怖主义的监视名单上。

But that summer, they were only picking up that Cherif was buying

但在那个夏天，他们只知道谢里夫

fake trainers from China,

正从中国购买假运动鞋，

so it signaled a shift away from extremism

所以这显示了他们偏离了恐怖主义，

into what was considered a low-level petty crime.

转到了一种被认为是低层次类型的犯罪。

The threat had gone away.

威胁已经消除了。

Seven months later,

七个月之后，

the two brothers walked into the offices of Charlie Hebdo magazine

这两兄弟走进了沙尔利周刊的办公室，

and killed 12 people, wounded 11 more,

杀死了12个人，超过11个人受伤，

with guns from the proceeds of those fakes.

而他们用的枪就是卖假货得来的。

So whatever you think, this isn't a faraway problem happening in China.

所以不管你怎么想，这不是 一个发生在中国的遥远问题，

It's happening right here.

它就发生在这儿。

And Paris is not unique.

巴黎并不是特例。

Ten years earlier, in 2004, 191 people lost their lives

十年前的2004年， 在马德里通勤列车爆炸案中，

when a Madrid commuter train was bombed.

191个人遇难。

The attack had been partly funded by the sale of pirate music CDs in the US.

那场袭击部分资金来源于 美国盗版音乐CD的销售。

Two years prior to that, an Al Qaeda training manual

而在这场袭击发生的两年前，

recommended explicitly selling fakes

一份基地组织的训练手册

as a good way of supporting terror cells.

明确建议将售卖假货作为 支持恐怖主义的一种很好方式。

But despite this, despite the evidence connecting terrorism and counterfeiting,

但是先不管这些， 不管恐怖主义和售假之间的证据，

we do go on buying them, increasing the demand

我们确实去买过假货， 增加了对假货的需求，

to the point where there's even a store in Turkey

甚至在土耳其有这么一家店

called "I Love Genuine Fakes."

名字叫“ 我爱货真价实的假货”。

And you have tourists posing with photographs on TripAdvisor,

而且有些游客在 猫途鹰网站上贴出了照片，

giving it five-star reviews.

还给了这家店五星评价。

But would those same tourists have gone into a store

但是这些游客会不会走进一家店，

called "I Love Genuine Fake Viagra Pills"

名字叫“我爱真的假伟哥”，

or "I Genuinely Love Funding Terrorism"?

或者名字叫“我真的爱资助恐怖主义” ？

I doubt it.

我不相信。

Many of us think that we're completely helpless

我们之中许多人认为， 在面对有组织犯罪和恐怖主义时，

against organized crime and terrorism,

我们完全无能为力，

that we can do nothing about the next attack,

对于下一次袭击，我们做不了什么，

but I believe you can.

但是我相信你们可以。

You can by becoming investigators, too.

你们也能作为调查员来做点什么。

The way we cripple these networks is to cut their funding,

我们摧毁这些网络的方式 是切断他们的资金来源，

and that means cutting the demand

而那意味着切断他们的需求，

and changing this idea that it's a victimless crime.

意味着改变这个观念： 假货只是一种没有受害者的犯罪。

Let's all identify counterfeiters,

让我们都来找出售假者，

and don't give them our money.

不要给他们我们的钱。

So here's a few tips from one investigator to another

以下是一个调查员

to get you started.

帮助你们开始的几个提示。

Number one:

第一条：

here's a typical online counterfeiter's website.

这是一个典型的网上售假者的网站。

Note the URL.

注意网址。

If you're shopping for sunglasses or camera lenses, say,

比如如果你想买太阳镜或者相机镜头，

and you come across a website like medical-insurance-bankruptcy.com,

而你来到一个网址像这样的网站，

start to get very suspicious.

那么你要开始非常怀疑了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Counterfeiters register expired domain names

售假者注册了一些过期的域名，

as a way of keeping up the old website's Google page ranking.

以保持这些网站的Google排名。

Number two:

第二条：

is the website screaming at you that everything is 100 percent genuine,

是不是有网站大声告诉你 这里的东西都是100%真货，

but still giving you 75 percent off the latest collection?

但即便是最新款也给你二五折？

Look for words like "master copy,"

找找这样的字眼，比如“原厂出品”，

"overruns," "straight from the factory."

“库存处理”，“工厂直销”。

They could write this all in Comic Sans, it's that much of a joke.

这些字眼可能都是用 Comic Sans字体写的，就是一个笑话。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Number three:

第三条：

if you get as far as the checkout page,

如果你都来到了结帐页面，

and you don't see "https" or a padlock symbol next to the URL,

而你没看到“https"字样 或者在网址边有个锁的图标，

you should really start thinking about closing the tab,

那么你真的要开始考虑关掉这个页面，

因为这些东西提示了

because these indicate active security measures

保证你个人信息和 信用卡信息安全的措施。

that will keep your personal and credit card information safe.

OK, last one:

好，最后一条：

go hunting for the "Contact Us" page.

去看看”联系我们“这个页面。

If you can only find a generic webform,

如果你只是发现了 一个一般的网页表格，

no company name, telephone number, email address, postal address --

没有公司名字，没有电话号码， 邮箱，邮政地址——

that's it, case closed.

那么，结案了。

You found a counterfeiter.

你找到了一个售假者。

Sadly, you're going to have to go back to Google

遗憾的是，你要回到Google，

重新开始你的购物搜索，

and start your shopping search all over again,

不过你没被坑钱，那是唯一的好事。

but you didn't get ripped off, so that's only a good thing.

As the world's most famous fictional detective would say,

就像世界最著名的虚构侦探说的那样，

"Watson, the game is afoot."

”华生，这个游戏永不会停止。“

Only this time, my investigator friends,

就在此刻，我的调查员朋友们

the game is painfully real.

还在进行着这个痛苦的游戏。

So the next time you're shopping online,

所以下一次你在网上购物时，

or perhaps wherever it is,

或者在其他什么地方购物，

look closer, question a little bit deeper, and ask yourself --

看仔细，多质疑，在你交钱 或者点击购买按钮时，

before you hand over the cash or click "Buy,"

问问你自己，

"Am I sure this is real?"

”我能确定这是真的吗？“

Tell your friend that used to buy counterfeit watches

告诉你习惯买假表的朋友，

that he may just have brought the next attack one day closer.

也许他使下一次恐怖袭击更近了一天。

And, if you see an Instagram advert for fakes,

当你在Instagram上看到假货的广告时，

don't keep scrolling past,

不要只是翻过去，

report it to the platform as a scam.

要去向平台报告。

Let's shine a light on the dark forces of counterfeiting

让我们给藏在不起眼角落里的

that are hiding in plain sight.

这些假货的黑暗力量打上一束光。

So please, spread the word

所以，请传达给全世界，

and don't stop investigating.

请不要停止调查。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

(掌声）