How fake handbags fund terrorism and organized crime | Alastair Gray

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang

Two years ago, I set off from central London on the Tube

兩年前，我乘坐地鐵 從倫敦市中心出發，

and ended up somewhere in the east of the city

最後到了市東的某處，

walking into a self-storage unit

走進一個迷你的自存倉庫，

to meet a guy that had 2,000 luxury polo shirts for sale.

與一個有兩千件 高檔休閒衫要賣的人會面。

And as I made my way down the corridor,

當我沿著走廊走下去時，

a broken, blinking light made it just like the cliche scene

一盞壞掉閃個不停的燈

讓這景象看來很像老套的黑幫電影。

from a gangster movie.

Our man was early, and he was waiting for me

這個人早到了，他已經在等我，

in front of a unit secured with four padlocks down the side.

他背後的倉庫側邊用四個掛鎖鎖上。

On our opening exchange,

我們一開始交易的狀況，

it was like a verbal sparring match

就像是口頭的練習賽，

where he threw the first punches.

他先出拳。

Who was I? Did I have a business card?

我是誰？有名片嗎？

And where was I going to sell?

我打算去哪裡賣？

And then, he just started opening up,

接著，他開始講他自己，

and it was my turn.

就輪到我了。

Where were the polo shirts coming from?

休閒衫從哪裡來的？

What paperwork did he have?

他有什麼相關文件？

And when was his next shipment going to arrive?

他的下一批貨何時會到？

I was treading the fine line

我拿捏得很精準，

between asking enough questions to get what I needed

問夠問題以得到我需要的資訊，

and not enough for him to become suspicious,

同時又不能問太多以免他起疑，

because what he didn't know is that I'm a counterfeit investigator,

因為他不知道，我是仿冒品調查員，

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

and after 20 minutes or so of checking over the product

檢查產品大約二十分鐘後，

for the telltale signs of counterfeit production --

看能不能抓到仿冒品的小辮子──

say, badly stitched labels or how the packaging

比如縫得很差的標籤，

had a huge brand logo stamped all over the front of it --

或是包裝的正面 滿滿是大型品牌商標──

I was finally on my way out,

終於，我要離開了，

but not before he insisted on walking down to the street with me

但他先堅持要 陪我走到車站的那段路。

and back to the station.

And the feeling after these meetings is always the same:

這類會面之後的感覺，總是相同的：

my heart is beating like a drum,

我的心跳像打鼓一樣快，

because you never know if they've actually bought your story,

因為你永遠不會知道 他們是否真的相信你的說法，

or they're going to start following you to see who you really are.

或是他們會開始跟蹤你， 看看你到底是誰。

Relief only comes when you turn the first corner

要等你轉過第一個轉角， 向後瞄一眼，

and glance behind, and they're not standing there.

沒看到他們，才會鬆一口氣。

But what our counterfeit polo shirt seller certainly didn't realize

但這位仿冒休閒衫的賣家肯定不知道

我剛剛看見、聽到的一切， 最後導致他的房子在凌晨被突襲，

is that everything I'd seen and heard would result in a dawn raid on his house,

被站在他家門階上的八個人驚醒，

him being woken out of bed by eight men on his doorstep

and all his product seized.

他所有的產品都被扣押。

But this would reveal that he was just a pawn

但會發現，他只是個小爪牙，

at the end of a counterfeiting network spanning three continents,

橫跨三個大陸的仿冒網路 最末端的小爪牙，

and he was just the first loose thread that I'd started to pull on

他只是我開始拉的第一個鬆脫線頭，

in the hope that it would all unravel.

希望一拉能破壞整個網路。

Why go through all that trouble?

為什麼要這麼麻煩？

Well, maybe counterfeiting is a victimless crime?

也許仿冒是一種沒有受害者的犯罪？

These big companies, they make enough money,

這些大公司，

它們賺夠錢了，

so if anything,

如果有差的話，

counterfeiting is just a free form of advertising, right?

仿冒只是一種 自由形式的廣告，對吧？

And consumers believe just that --

消費者相信

that the buying and selling of fakes is not that big a deal.

購買和販售假貨沒什麼大不了的。

But I'm here to tell you that that is just not true.

但我來這裡要告訴各位， 實情並非如此。

What the tourist on holiday doesn't see about those fake handbags

渡假觀光客不知道背後那些

is they may well have been stitched together

負責縫製仿冒手提包的人，

by a child who was trafficked away from her family,

可能是被家庭非法賣掉的童工，

and what the car repair shop owner doesn't realize

而修車店老闆不知道，

about those fake brake pads

那些仿冒剎車片的背後，

is they may well be lining the pockets of an organized crime gang

是在幫有組織的犯罪集團斂財，

involved in drugs and prostitution.

這集團可能會涉及毒品和賣淫。

And while those two things are horrible to think about,

雖然這兩件事想起來是蠻可怕的，

it gets much worse,

還有更糟糕的，

because counterfeiting is even funding terrorism.

因為賣仿冒品甚至會支助恐怖主義。

Let that sink in for a moment.

稍微沉思一下這點。

Terrorists are selling fakes to fund attacks,

恐怖份子販售仿冒品 來為攻擊提供資金，

attacks in our cities that try to make victims of all of us.

攻擊我們的城市， 讓我們所有人都變成受害者。

You wouldn't buy a live scorpion,

你不會去買一隻活的蠍子，

because there's a chance that it would sting you on the way home,

因為有可能在回家路上你會被牠螫，

but would you still buy a fake handbag

但你仍然會買仿冒手提包嗎？

if you knew the profits would enable someone to buy bullets

如果你知道從中獲益的人會去買子彈

that would kill you and other innocent people six months later?

在六個月後殺害你和其他無辜的人？

Maybe not.

也許不會買了。

OK, time to come clean.

好，是招供的時候了。

In my youth --

在我年輕時──

yeah, I might look like I'm still clinging on to it a bit --

是的，我可能現在 看起來都還算年輕──

I bought fake watches while on holiday in the Canary Islands.

我在加那利群島渡假時買過假錶。

But why do I tell you this?

但我為何要告訴你們？

Well, we've all done it,

我們都做過這種事，

或我們認識做過這種事的人。

or we know someone that's done it.

And until this very moment, maybe you didn't think twice about it,

也許在這一刻之前， 你們買仿冒品都不會遲疑，

and nor did I,

我以前也不會遲疑，

until I answered a 20-word cryptic advert

直到我回應了一則二十個字的廣告，

to become an intellectual property investigator.

變成了智慧財產調查員。

It said "Full training given and some international travel."

廣告寫著「提供完整的訓練 及一些國際旅程。」

Within a week, I was creating my first of many aliases,

不到一週，我就在創造 我許多化名中的第一個了，

and in the 10 years since, I've investigated fake car parts,

之後十年，我調查過仿冒汽車零件、

alloy wheels, fake pet grooming tools,

鋁合金輪圈、仿冒清潔工具、

fake bicycle parts,

仿冒自行車零件、

and, of course, the counterfeiter's favorite,

當然，還有仿冒商的最愛，

fake luxury leather goods, clothing and shoes.

仿冒的皮件奢侈品、衣服和鞋子。

And what I've learned in the 10 years of investigating fakes

在調查仿冒品的十年間，

is that once you start to scratch the surface,

我學到一旦你開始抓破表面，

you find that they are rotten to the core,

你就會發現裡面有爛掉的核心，

as are the people and organizations that are making money from them,

也就是從中得利的人和組織，

because they are profiting on a massive, massive scale.

因為他們非常大規模的獲益。

You can only make around a hundred to 200 percent

你大概只能賺一或兩倍，

selling drugs on the street.

如果是在街頭販毒；

You can make 2,000 percent selling fakes online

但在網路上賣仿冒品可以賺到二十倍，

with little of the same risks or penalties.

風險或罰金卻少很多。

And this quick, easy money

這快速又好賺的錢，

then goes on to fund the more serious types of crime,

接著會被用來資助更嚴重的犯罪，

and it pays the way to making these organizations,

用這些錢能讓這些組織，

these criminal organizations, look more legitimate.

這些犯罪組織，看起來像合法的。

So let me bring you in on a live case.

讓我舉一個活生生的例子。

Earlier this year, a series of raids took place

今年稍早，發生了一系列的突襲，

in one of my longest-running investigations.

這是我最漫長的調查之一。

Five warehouses were raided in Turkey,

土耳其有五間倉庫被突襲，

and over two million finished counterfeit clothing products were seized,

扣押了超過兩百萬件仿冒服裝成品，

and it took 16 trucks to take that all away.

用了十六台卡車才把它們全部運走。

But this gang had been clever.

但這群歹徒很聰明。

They had gone to the lengths of creating their own fashion brands,

他們居然創造了自己的時尚品牌，

complete with registered trademarks,

有完整的註冊商標，

and even having photo shoots on yachts in Italy.

甚至還在義大利遊艇上拍攝照片。

And they would use these completely unheard-of and unsuspicious brand names

他們會用這些完全沒聽過、 不可疑的品牌名稱，

as a way of shipping container loads of fakes

來當作運送大量仿冒品的方式，

to shell companies that they'd set up across Europe.

來掩護他們設在全歐洲的空殼公司。

And documents found during those raids

從那些突襲行動找到的文件，

found that they'd been falsifying shipping documents

發現他們一直在偽造運送的文件，

so the customs officials would literally have no idea

所以海關關員完全不會知道

who had sent the products in the first place.

這些產品到底是誰寄出的。

When police got access to just one bank account,

當警方查核其中一個銀行帳號時，

they found nearly three million euros

他們找到了近三百萬歐元，

had been laundered out of Spain in less than two years,

從西班牙完成洗錢用不到兩年；

and just two days after those raids,

在那些突襲的兩天後，

that gang were trying to bribe a law firm to get their stock back.

那幫歹徒嘗試賄賂一間 法律事務所來取回存貨。

Even now, we have no idea where all that money went,

即使到現在，我們都還 不知道那些錢到哪裡去了，

to who it went to,

到誰手上了，

but you can bet it's never going to benefit the likes of you or me.

但可以打賭， 你我絕對不會是受益人。

But these aren't just low-level street thugs.

但這些人並不只是 低層級的街頭混混。

They're business professionals, and they fly first class.

他們是專職的企業家， 乘坐飛機的頭等艙。

They trick legitimate businesses

他們欺騙合法的公司，

with convincing fake invoices and paperwork,

用的是讓人信服的假發票和文件，

so everything just seems real,

一切看起來和真的一樣，

and then they set up eBay and Amazon accounts

接著，他們在 eBay 和亞馬遜上設立帳號，

just to compete with the people they've already sold fakes to.

和那些已購買他們仿冒品的人競爭。

But this isn't just happening online.

但這不只在網路上發生。

For a few years, I also used to attend automotive trade shows

有幾年的時間，我也會 去參加汽車零配件展，

taking place in huge exhibition spaces,

都是在大型展覽空間舉辦，

but away from the Ferraris and the Bentleys and the flashing lights,

但在遠離法拉利、 賓利汽車、及閃光燈的地方，

there'd be companies selling fakes:

會有些公司在販售仿冒品：

companies with a brochure on the counter

這些公司的櫃台上擺著型錄，

and another one underneath, if you ask them the right questions.

櫃台下還有另一種型錄， 問對問題就可以拿到。

And they would sell me fake car parts, faulty fake car parts

他們會賣我有瑕疵的仿冒汽車零件，

that have been estimated to cause over 36,000 fatalities,

估計這些零件已造成 超過 36,000 起死亡事故，

deaths on our roads each year.

那是每年在道路上的死亡數。

Counterfeiting is set to become a 2.3-trillion-dollar underground economy,

仿冒業開始變成了 2.3 兆美元的地下經濟，

and the damage that can be done with that kind of money,

那麼巨額的金錢能造成的傷害

it's really frightening ...

實在很嚇人，

because fakes fund terror.

因為仿冒品會資助恐怖行動。

Fake trainers on the streets of Paris,

在巴黎街頭的仿冒運動鞋，

fake cigarettes in West Africa,

在西非的仿冒香煙，

and pirate music CDs in the USA

在美國的盜版音樂 CD，

have all gone on to fund trips to training camps,

全都被用來資助去訓練營的旅程、

bought weapons and ammunition, or the ingredients for explosives.

買武器和彈藥，或爆裂物的原料。

In June 2014, the French security services

2014 年 6 月， 法國的保安部門停止監控

stopped monitoring the communications of Said and Cherif Kouachi,

賽義德和謝里夫寇瓦奇之間的通訊，

the two brothers who had been on a terror watch list for three years.

這對兄弟已在恐怖份子 監視名單上有三年了。

But that summer, they were only picking up that Cherif was buying

那年夏天，他們只發現謝里夫

fake trainers from China,

向中國買仿冒運動鞋，

so it signaled a shift away from extremism

認為這表示他從極端主義轉變成

into what was considered a low-level petty crime.

一般人認為的低階小型犯罪，

The threat had gone away.

威脅已經消失。

Seven months later,

七個月後，

the two brothers walked into the offices of Charlie Hebdo magazine

這對兄弟走進了 查理週刊總部辦公室，

殺死了 12 個人，還射傷 11 人，

and killed 12 people, wounded 11 more,

with guns from the proceeds of those fakes.

他們用的槍來自那些仿冒品的收益。

So whatever you think, this isn't a faraway problem happening in China.

不論你怎麼想，這並不是 在中國發生的遙遠問題。

It's happening right here.

它正在這裡發生。

And Paris is not unique.

巴黎並非唯一的。

Ten years earlier, in 2004, 191 people lost their lives

十年前，2004 年，191 人喪命，

when a Madrid commuter train was bombed.

死於馬德里的火車炸彈事件。

The attack had been partly funded by the sale of pirate music CDs in the US.

那次攻擊，有部份資金來自 美國所販售的盜版音樂 CD。

Two years prior to that, an Al Qaeda training manual

那件事的兩年前，

一本基地組織的訓練手冊 明確建議販售仿冒品，

recommended explicitly selling fakes

as a good way of supporting terror cells.

說這是資助基層恐怖組織的好方法。

But despite this, despite the evidence connecting terrorism and counterfeiting,

儘管如此，儘管有證據說明 恐怖主義與仿冒業間有關聯存在，

we do go on buying them, increasing the demand

我們還是會去買，增加了需求，

to the point where there's even a store in Turkey

甚至在土耳其有一間店面，

called "I Love Genuine Fakes."

店名叫「我愛真的仿冒品」

And you have tourists posing with photographs on TripAdvisor,

還有觀光客在旅遊評論網站 TripAdvisor 上張貼照片，

giving it five-star reviews.

給這間店五星的好評。

But would those same tourists have gone into a store

但同樣這些觀光客，會不會走入一間

called "I Love Genuine Fake Viagra Pills"

叫做「我愛真的仿冒壯陽藥」或是

or "I Genuinely Love Funding Terrorism"?

「我真的愛資助恐怖主義」的店？

I doubt it.

我想不會。

Many of us think that we're completely helpless

許多人認為我們無能為力去對抗

against organized crime and terrorism,

組織性犯罪以及恐怖主義，

that we can do nothing about the next attack,

認為我們對下次攻擊什麼也做不了，

but I believe you can.

但我相信你們能。

You can by becoming investigators, too.

你們也可以成為調查員。

The way we cripple these networks is to cut their funding,

要破壞這些網路， 就要切斷它們的資金，

and that means cutting the demand

那就意味著切斷需求，

and changing this idea that it's a victimless crime.

改變想法，了解仿冒並非 無受害者的犯罪。

Let's all identify counterfeiters,

讓我們都去辨識出仿冒者，

and don't give them our money.

別把我們的錢給他們。

So here's a few tips from one investigator to another

以下是一個調查員之間 傳授的一些小密訣，

to get you started.

讓你們有個開端。

Number one:

第一：

here's a typical online counterfeiter's website.

這是個典型的仿冒品網站，

注意它的網址。 （註：醫療-保險-破產.com）

Note the URL.

If you're shopping for sunglasses or camera lenses, say,

如果你要買比如 太陽眼鏡或相機鏡頭，

and you come across a website like medical-insurance-bankruptcy.com,

而你找到了一個像 medical- insurance-bankruptcy.com 的網站

start to get very suspicious.

你要非常懷疑它。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Counterfeiters register expired domain names

仿冒商會去註冊過期的域名，

as a way of keeping up the old website's Google page ranking.

這樣可以延用舊網站在 Google 搜尋結果的排名。

Number two:

第二：

is the website screaming at you that everything is 100 percent genuine,

這個網站在大聲疾呼說 所有東西都是 100% 真品，

but still giving you 75 percent off the latest collection?

但最新的系列產品還能打到 25 折？

Look for words like "master copy,"

尋找這些字眼：「大師級複製品」、

"overruns," "straight from the factory."

「大批橫掃」、「直接來自工廠」。

They could write this all in Comic Sans, it's that much of a joke.

他們用類似手寫的字體來寫， 算得上是個玩笑。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Number three:

第三：

if you get as far as the checkout page,

如果你已經進行到結帳網頁，

and you don't see "https" or a padlock symbol next to the URL,

而沒看到「https」或 在網址旁邊的掛鎖符號，

you should really start thinking about closing the tab,

你真應該考慮直接關掉這網頁，

because these indicate active security measures

因為這些都是現行的安全措施，

that will keep your personal and credit card information safe.

能確保你的個人資料 和信用卡資料安全。

OK, last one:

好，最後一項：

go hunting for the "Contact Us" page.

去找「聯絡我們」頁面。

If you can only find a generic webform,

如果你只能找到一般性的網路表單，

no company name, telephone number, email address, postal address --

沒有公司名、電話號碼、 電子郵件地址、實體地址──

that's it, case closed.

那就對了，結案。

You found a counterfeiter.

你找到了仿冒者。

Sadly, you're going to have to go back to Google

不幸的是，你得回到 Google，

and start your shopping search all over again,

重新開始你的購物搜尋，

but you didn't get ripped off, so that's only a good thing.

但你沒被欺詐，這是唯一的好事。

As the world's most famous fictional detective would say,

正如世界最知名的 小說偵探角色會說的：

"Watson, the game is afoot."

「華生，遊戲開始了。」 （註：福爾摩斯的口頭禪）

Only this time, my investigator friends,

我的調查員朋友們，

the game is painfully real.

這次的差別在於遊戲是非常真實的。

So the next time you're shopping online,

下次，當你們在線上購物時，

or perhaps wherever it is,

或不論在哪裡購物時，

look closer, question a little bit deeper, and ask yourself --

看清楚一點，問深入一點， 然後問問自己──

before you hand over the cash or click "Buy,"

在交出現金或是按下「購買」之前，

先問：「我確定這是真貨嗎？」

"Am I sure this is real?"

Tell your friend that used to buy counterfeit watches

告訴你身邊曾買仿冒錶的朋友，

that he may just have brought the next attack one day closer.

他的購買可能會讓 下次的恐怖攻擊提前一天發生。

And, if you see an Instagram advert for fakes,

如果你在 Instagram 上 看到仿冒品的廣告，

don't keep scrolling past,

不要只把畫面拉過去，

report it to the platform as a scam.

向平台檢舉詐欺。

Let's shine a light on the dark forces of counterfeiting

仿冒的黑暗力量隱藏在眾目睽睽下，

that are hiding in plain sight.

讓我們用光去照射它們。

So please, spread the word

拜託各位，把話傳出去，

and don't stop investigating.

且不要停止調查。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）