How tech companies deceive you into giving up your data and privacy | Finn Lützow-Holm Myrstad

133,461 views ・ 2018-11-21

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: jacks peng 校对人员: Yinchun Rui
00:13
Do you remember when you were a child,
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你还记得童年时期,
00:15
you probably had a favorite toy that was a constant companion,
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你可能有一个钟爱的玩具与你形影不离,
00:19
like Christopher Robin had Winnie the Pooh,
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就像克里斯多夫 · 罗宾有小熊维尼一样,
00:21
and your imagination fueled endless adventures?
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以及你那充满无尽冒险的想象力吗?
00:25
What could be more innocent than that?
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还有什么比这个更天真的呢?
00:28
Well, let me introduce you to my friend Cayla.
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让我向你们介绍我的朋友凯拉。
00:34
Cayla was voted toy of the year in countries around the world.
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凯拉是全球各个国家投票选出的年度玩具。
00:38
She connects to the internet and uses speech recognition technology
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她能与互联网连接并使用语音识别技术
00:41
to answer your child's questions,
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来回答孩子们的问题,
00:43
respond just like a friend.
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就像一个朋友一样。
00:46
But the power doesn't lie with your child's imagination.
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但权力并不在你孩子的想象力中。
00:50
It actually lies with the company harvesting masses of personal information
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它其实在于公司所收集的 海量个人信息上,
00:55
while your family is innocently chatting away in the safety of their home,
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你的家人在安全的家中闲聊时,
01:00
a dangerously false sense of security.
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这其实是一种对于安全感的危险错觉。
01:04
This case sounded alarm bells for me,
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这个案子给我敲响了警钟,
01:07
as it is my job to protect consumers' rights in my country.
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因为我的工作是保护 我们国家消费者的权益。
01:11
And with billions of devices such as cars,
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随着到2020年,数十亿诸如
01:15
energy meters and even vacuum cleaners expected to come online by 2020,
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汽车,能源仪表,甚至吸尘器 那样的设备投入使用,
01:20
we thought this was a case worth investigating further.
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我们认为这个案例值得深入调查。
01:24
Because what was Cayla doing
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我们很好奇,凯拉用她所学到的
01:26
with all the interesting things she was learning?
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所有有趣的东西,到底做了些什么呢?
01:28
Did she have another friend she was loyal to and shared her information with?
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她有没有另一个忠实的朋友, 分享她的信息?
01:33
Yes, you guessed right. She did.
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是的,你猜对了,她有的。
01:36
In order to play with Cayla,
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要跟凯拉玩耍,
01:38
you need to download an app to access all her features.
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你需要下载一个APP 来获取她所有的功能。
01:42
Parents must consent to the terms being changed without notice.
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家长必须同意更改条款而毋须另行通知。
01:47
The recordings of the child, her friends and family,
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孩子们,她的好友和家人的录音,
01:51
can be used for targeted advertising.
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可以被用于定向广告。
01:54
And all this information can be shared with unnamed third parties.
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并且所有这些信息都可以 与未具名的第三方分享。
01:59
Enough? Not quite.
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就这些了?其实还不止。
02:02
Anyone with a smartphone can connect to Cayla
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任何有智能手机的人在一定的距离内
02:07
within a certain distance.
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都可以连接到凯拉。
02:09
When we confronted the company that made and programmed Cayla,
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当我们与制造和开发凯拉的公司对峙时,
02:14
they issued a series of statements
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他们发表了一系列的声明称
02:16
that one had to be an IT expert in order to breach the security.
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只有IT专家才能破坏其安全性。
02:22
Shall we fact-check that statement and live hack Cayla together?
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我们要不要一起核实一下这份声明, 直播一下如何“劫持”凯拉?
02:29
Here she is.
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这就是她。
02:32
Cayla is equipped with a Bluetooth device
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凯拉装备有蓝牙设备,
02:35
which can transmit up to 60 feet,
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传输距离可以达到60英尺,
02:37
a bit less if there's a wall between.
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如果有墙阻挡就少点。
02:40
That means I, or any stranger, can connect to the doll
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这意味着,我或任何陌生人
02:45
while being outside the room where Cayla and her friends are.
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在凯拉和她朋友的 家门口就能连接上她。
02:49
And to illustrate this,
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为了演示这个过程,
02:51
I'm going to turn Cayla on now.
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我现在把凯拉开机。
02:53
Let's see, one, two, three.
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让我们看看,1,2,3.
02:57
There. She's on. And I asked a colleague
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好了,她开机了,我之前让一位同事
拿着他的智能手机站在门外,
02:59
to stand outside with his smartphone,
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03:01
and he's connected,
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现在他连上了,
03:03
and to make this a bit creepier ...
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为了加点恐怖的气氛…
03:05
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
03:09
let's see what kids could hear Cayla say in the safety of their room.
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让我们看看孩子们会在他们安全的 家中听到凯拉说什么。
03:15
Man: Hi. My name is Cayla. What is yours?
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男:嗨,我叫凯拉,你的名字呢?
03:18
Finn Myrstad: Uh, Finn.
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芬恩:芬恩。
03:20
Man: Is your mom close by?
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男:你妈妈在旁边吗?
03:22
FM: Uh, no, she's in the store.
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芬恩:不在,她在店里。
03:24
Man: Ah. Do you want to come out and play with me?
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男:啊,你想出来跟我一起玩耍吗?
03:27
FM: That's a great idea.
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芬恩:真是好主意呀。
03:29
Man: Ah, great.
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男:好呀。
03:32
FM: I'm going to turn Cayla off now.
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芬恩:我现在要关掉凯拉了。
03:34
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
03:39
We needed no password
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我们无须任何密码
03:41
or to circumvent any other type of security to do this.
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或规避任何其他安全措施就可以做到。
03:46
We published a report in 20 countries around the world,
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我们在全球20个国家发布了一份报告,
03:50
exposing this significant security flaw
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曝光了这种明显的安全漏洞
03:53
and many other problematic issues.
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和很多其他问题。
03:56
So what happened?
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后来怎么样了呢?
03:57
Cayla was banned in Germany,
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凯拉在德国被禁止出售,
04:00
taken off the shelves by Amazon and Wal-Mart,
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被亚马逊和沃尔玛下架,
04:03
and she's now peacefully resting
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现在她正平静地呆在
04:06
at the German Spy Museum in Berlin.
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柏林的德国间谍博物馆。
04:10
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
04:13
However, Cayla was also for sale in stores around the world
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然而,在我们报告发布前,凯拉已经在
04:17
for more than a year after we published our report.
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全球各地的商店出售超过一年。
04:21
What we uncovered is that there are few rules to protect us
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我们所揭示的是, 很少有规则能够保护我们,
04:25
and the ones we have are not being properly enforced.
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并且有的规则往往也 得不到很好的执行。
04:30
We need to get the security and privacy of these devices right
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在它们进入市场时,我们需要让
04:33
before they enter the market,
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这些设备具备可靠的安全和隐私功能,
04:36
because what is the point of locking a house with a key
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因为如果任何人都可以 通过一个联网设备进来,
04:40
if anyone can enter it through a connected device?
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用钥匙锁门的意义又何在?
04:45
You may well think, "This will not happen to me.
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你可能会觉得,“这没发生在我身上。
04:48
I will just stay away from these flawed devices."
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我只需要远离这些有缺陷的设备就好。”
04:52
But that won't keep you safe,
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但这无法保证你的安全,
04:54
because simply by connecting to the internet,
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因为只是通过连接上互联网,
04:57
you are put in an impossible take-it-or-leave-it position.
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你就不可避免地被置于 要么接受,要么走人的境地。
05:02
Let me show you.
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给大家看看。
05:04
Like most of you, I have dozens of apps on my phone,
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像很多人一样,我手机上有几十个应用,
05:07
and used properly, they can make our lives easier,
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使用得当,它们可以让我们生活更轻松,
05:10
more convenient and maybe even healthier.
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更便捷,甚至可能更健康。
05:13
But have we been lulled into a false sense of security?
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但我们是否被一种 虚假的安全感蒙蔽了呢?
05:18
It starts simply by ticking a box.
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它开始于简单勾选一个方框开始。
05:21
Yes, we say,
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是的,我们会说,
05:23
I've read the terms.
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我已经阅读过这些条款。
05:27
But have you really read the terms?
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但你真的阅读了这些条款吗?
05:31
Are you sure they didn't look too long
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你确定它们不是看起来太长,
05:33
and your phone was running out of battery,
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你的手机快没电了,
05:35
and the last time you tried they were impossible to understand,
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你最后一次尝试时, 它们非常晦涩难懂,
05:38
and you needed to use the service now?
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而且你需要立刻使用这个服务?
05:41
And now, the power imbalance is established,
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目前,权力的不平衡已经建立,
05:45
because we have agreed to our personal information
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因为我们同意让对方 收集我们的个人信息,
05:49
being gathered and used on a scale we could never imagine.
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并用于我们无法想象的规模层面。
05:53
This is why my colleagues and I decided to take a deeper look at this.
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这就是我和同事们决定去 深入研究这个问题的原因。
05:57
We set out to read the terms
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我们开始阅读
06:00
of popular apps on an average phone.
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一台普通手机上热门应用的条款。
06:03
And to show the world how unrealistic it is
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并且向世界展示,让消费者去阅读
06:07
to expect consumers to actually read the terms,
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这些条款是多么的不切实际,
06:10
we printed them,
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我们把这些条款打印出来,
06:11
more than 900 pages,
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总长度超过了900页纸,
06:14
and sat down in our office and read them out loud ourselves,
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然后坐在办公室里大声朗读,
06:19
streaming the experiment live on our websites.
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并在我们的网站上直播这个实验。
06:22
As you can see, it took quite a long time.
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很显然,需要花很长的时间。
06:24
It took us 31 hours, 49 minutes and 11 seconds
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我们花了31个小时,49分钟11秒
06:29
to read the terms on an average phone.
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才阅读完一台普通手机上的条款。
06:31
That is longer than a movie marathon of the "Harry Potter" movies
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这比《哈利波特》和《教父》
06:36
and the "Godfather" movies combined.
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系列电影加起来还长。
06:38
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
06:41
And reading is one thing.
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阅读是一回事,
06:43
Understanding is another story.
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理解则是另外一码事。
06:45
That would have taken us much, much longer.
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这会需要我们更多更多的时间。
06:49
And this is a real problem,
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这是一个切实存在的问题,
06:50
because companies have argued for 20 to 30 years
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因为这些公司争执了20-30年,
06:54
against regulating the internet better,
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反对更好地监管互联网,
06:57
because users have consented to the terms and conditions.
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因为用户已经同意了这些条款和条件。
07:02
As we've shown with this experiment,
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正如我们在这个实验中展示的,
07:04
achieving informed consent is close to impossible.
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获得知情同意几乎是不可能的。
07:09
Do you think it's fair to put the burden of responsibility on the consumer?
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你认为让消费者承担责任是公平的吗?
07:14
I don't.
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我不认同。
07:15
I think we should demand less take-it-or-leave-it
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我认为我们应该要求减少 要么接受要么放弃,
07:18
and more understandable terms before we agree to them.
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在我们同意前给出更多可理解的条款。
07:22
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
07:23
Thank you.
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谢谢。
07:28
Now, I would like to tell you a story about love.
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现在我想讲一个关于爱的故事。
07:34
Some of the world's most popular apps are dating apps,
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一些世界上最流行的应用是相亲应用,
07:37
an industry now worth more than, or close to, three billion dollars a year.
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这个行业现在价值超过 或接近,一年30亿美元。
07:43
And of course, we're OK sharing our intimate details
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当然,我们可以与另一半
07:47
with our other half.
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分享我们的私密细节。
07:49
But who else is snooping,
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但当我们在坦白灵魂时,
07:51
saving and sharing our information
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还有谁在窥探,保存和
07:54
while we are baring our souls?
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分享我们的信息呢?
07:56
My team and I decided to investigate this.
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我和团队打算对此展开调查。
08:00
And in order to understand the issue from all angles
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为了从各个角度了解这个问题
08:03
and to truly do a thorough job,
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并认真做好工作,
08:07
I realized I had to download
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我意识到我得亲自下载
08:09
one of the world's most popular dating apps myself.
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一款世界上最流行的相亲软件。
08:14
So I went home to my wife ...
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所以我回家问我老婆…
08:16
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
08:18
who I had just married.
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我们刚结婚不久。
08:20
"Is it OK if I establish a profile on a very popular dating app
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“纯粹为了科学研究,我可以在 一个非常流行的相亲软件上
08:25
for purely scientific purposes?"
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建立个人档案吗?”
08:26
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
08:28
This is what we found.
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于是我们发现了这个。
08:30
Hidden behind the main menu was a preticked box
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隐藏在主菜单后面的 是一个预先标记好的格子,
08:34
that gave the dating company access to all my personal pictures on Facebook,
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让这个相亲公司可以获取 我在Facebook上的所有个人照片,
08:40
in my case more than 2,000 of them,
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我个人有超过2千张照片,
08:43
and some were quite personal.
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其中有些相当私密。
08:46
And to make matters worse,
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并且更糟糕的是,
08:48
when we read the terms and conditions,
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当我阅读条款时,
08:50
we discovered the following,
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我们发现了下面的内容,
08:52
and I'm going to need to take out my reading glasses for this one.
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我需要掏出老花镜才能看清。
08:56
And I'm going to read it for you, because this is complicated.
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我打算给大家阅读一下,因为太复杂了。
08:59
All right.
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好的。
09:01
"By posting content" --
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“发布内容”——
09:03
and content refers to your pictures, chat
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内容指你的照片,聊天记录
09:05
and other interactions in the dating service --
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和其他在相亲服务上的互动——
09:07
"as a part of the service,
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“作为服务的一部分,
09:08
you automatically grant to the company,
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你自动授予公司,
09:10
its affiliates, licensees and successors
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及其关联方,被许可方或继任公司
09:12
an irrevocable" -- which means you can't change your mind --
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不可撤销,”——意思是你不能改变主意——
09:16
"perpetual" -- which means forever --
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“永久的”——意思是永远——
09:19
"nonexclusive, transferrable, sublicensable, fully paid-up,
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“非排他、可转让、可附带许可、完全付费、
09:22
worldwide right and license to use, copy, store, perform,
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在全球范围内的使用、复制、存储、执行、
09:24
display, reproduce, record,
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显示、复制、录制、
09:26
play, adapt, modify and distribute the content,
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播放、改编、修改和分发内容
09:28
prepare derivative works of the content,
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以及内容的派生作品的权利和许可,
09:30
or incorporate the content into other works
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或将内容合并到其他作品中,
09:32
and grant and authorize sublicenses of the foregoing in any media
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并在任何已知或以后创建的媒体中授予
09:35
now known or hereafter created."
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和授权上述转授许可。”
09:40
That basically means that all your dating history
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这基本上意味着你所有的相亲历史
09:44
and everything related to it can be used for any purpose for all time.
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以及任何与之有关的一切东西 可以一直被用于任何目的。
09:50
Just imagine your children seeing your sassy dating photos
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想象一下,你的孩子 在20年后的节育广告中
09:55
in a birth control ad 20 years from now.
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会看到你时髦的约会照。
10:00
But seriously, though --
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但说真的——
10:01
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
10:04
what might these commercial practices mean to you?
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这些商业惯例对你意味着什么?
10:08
For example, financial loss:
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比如,财务损失:
10:11
based on your web browsing history,
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基于你的网站浏览历史,
10:13
algorithms might decide whether you will get a mortgage or not.
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算法可能决定你能否该获得贷款。
10:16
Subconscious manipulation:
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潜意识操纵:
10:19
companies can analyze your emotions based on your photos and chats,
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公司可以通过你的照片 和聊天分析你的情绪,
10:23
targeting you with ads when you are at your most vulnerable.
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在你最脆弱时投放针对你的定向广告。
10:26
Discrimination:
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歧视:
10:28
a fitness app can sell your data to a health insurance company,
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健身应用可以把你的 数据卖给健康保险公司,
10:31
preventing you from getting coverage in the future.
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让你将来获得保险困难重重。
10:34
All of this is happening in the world today.
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所有这一切都发生在今天的世界中。
10:37
But of course, not all uses of data are malign.
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但当然,并非所有的 数据使用都是有害的。
10:41
Some are just flawed or need more work,
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有些只是缺陷,或者需要更多的工作,
10:43
and some are truly great.
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有些则真的很棒。
10:47
And there is some good news as well.
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这里也有一些好消息。
10:51
The dating companies changed their policies globally
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在我们提出诉讼后,这个交友公司
10:54
after we filed a legal complaint.
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改变了他们的全球政策。
10:57
But organizations such as mine
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但像我们这样
11:00
that fight for consumers' rights can't be everywhere.
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为消费者权益斗争的 组织不是到处都有。
11:03
Nor can consumers fix this on their own,
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消费者也无法独自修复这个问题,
11:06
because if we know that something innocent we said
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因为假如我们知道 我们的一些无心之言
11:09
will come back to haunt us,
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会反过来困扰我们,
11:11
we will stop speaking.
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我们就会停止发声。
11:13
If we know that we are being watched and monitored,
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如果我们知道自己正在被关注和监控,
11:16
we will change our behavior.
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就会改变自身的行为。
11:18
And if we can't control who has our data and how it is being used,
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如果我们无法控制谁拥有 我们的数据,以及数据如何被使用,
11:22
we have lost the control of our lives.
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我们就失去了对自己生活的控制。
11:26
The stories I have told you today are not random examples.
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我今天告诉你们的故事 并不是随机的案例。
11:29
They are everywhere,
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它们无处不在,
11:31
and they are a sign that things need to change.
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它们标志着是时候该改变现状了。
11:34
And how can we achieve that change?
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我们如何才能实现这种改变?
11:36
Well, companies need to realize that by prioritizing privacy and security,
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公司需要认识到应该以隐私和安全为先,
11:42
they can build trust and loyalty to their users.
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在此基础上培养用户的信任和忠诚。
11:46
Governments must create a safer internet
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政府必须通过监督执行和更新规则
11:49
by ensuring enforcement and up-to-date rules.
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去构建一个更安全的互联网。
11:53
And us, the citizens?
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而我们这些公民呢?
11:55
We can use our voice
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我们可以用自己的声音
11:57
to remind the world that technology can only truly benefit society
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去提醒世界,科技只有 在尊重基本权利的基础上,
12:02
if it respects basic rights.
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才能真正让全社会受益。
12:05
Thank you so much.
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谢谢大家。
12:07
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
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