How I help free innocent people from prison | Ronald Sullivan

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

So, imagine that you take a 19-hour, very long drive

Zamislite da krenete na vrlo dugu vožnju od 19 sati

to Disney World,

do Diznijevog sveta

with two kids in the back seat.

sa dvoje dece na zadnjem sedištu.

Petnaest minuta od početka ovog putovanja od 19 sati,

And 15 minutes into this 19-hour trip,

the immutable laws of nature dictate

nepromenljivi zakoni prirode nalažu

that you get the question:

da ćete dobiti pitanje:

"Are we there yet?"

„Jesmo li stigli?“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So you answer this question a hundred more times, easily,

Vi odgovorite negativno na to pitanje još stotinu puta, nesumnjivo,

in the negative,

ali konačno stignete.

but you finally arrive.

You have a wonderful, wonderful, wonderful trip.

Provedete se predivno na putovanju.

You drive 19 long hours back home.

Vozite se 19 dugih sati u povratku do kuće.

And when you get there,

A kada stignete tamo,

the police are waiting on you.

čeka vas policija.

They accuse you of committing a crime

Optužuju vas da ste počinili zločin

that occurred while you were away in Florida.

koji se dogodio dok ste bili na putu u Floridi.

You tell anybody and everybody who will listen,

Govorite svakome ko želi da sasluša:

"I didn't do it!

„Nisam to uradio!

I couldn't have done it!

Nisam mogao to da uradim!

I was hanging out with Mickey and Minnie and my kids!"

Družio sam se sa Mikijem, Mini i sa svojom decom!“

But no one believes you.

Ali vam niko ne veruje.

Na kraju vas uhapse,

Ultimately, you're arrested,

you're tried,

izvedu vas pred sud,

you're convicted

osuđeni ste

and you are sentenced.

i izrečena vam je kazna.

Provedete 25 godina u zatvoru,

And you spend 25 years in jail,

sve dok se ne pojavi neko i dokaže -

until someone comes along and proves --

has the evidence to prove --

ima dokaze kojima pokazuje -

that you actually were in Florida

da ste zaista bili u Floridi

when this crime was committed.

kada je ovaj zločin počinjen.

So.

So, I'm a Harvard Law professor,

Ja sam profesor Pravnog fakulteta na Harvardu

and the last several years, I have worked on

i poslednjih nekoliko godina sam radio

winning the release of innocent people

na dobijanju oslobođenja za nevine ljude

who've been wrongfully convicted --

koji su nepravedno osuđeni -

za ljude kao što je Džonatan Fleming,

people like Jonathan Fleming,

who spent 24 years, eight months in jail

koji je proveo 24 godine i osam meseci u zatvoru

for a murder that was committed in Brooklyn, New York,

za ubistvo koje je počinjeno u Bruklinu u Njujorku

while he was in Disney World

dok je on bio u Diznijevom svetu

sa svojom decom.

with his kids.

How do we know this?

Kako ovo znamo?

Because when he was arrested,

Zato što se, kada je uhapšen,

among his property in his back pocket

među stvarima koje je posedovao u svom zadnjem džepu

was a receipt --

nalazio račun -

time-stamped receipt

račun sa oznakom o vremenu

that showed that he was in Disney World.

koji je pokazivao da je bio u Diznijevom svetu.

Taj račun je stavljen u policijski dosije,

That receipt was put in the police file,

a copy of it was put in the prosecutor's file,

njegova kopija je uneta u spise tužioca,

and they never gave it to his public defender.

i nikada ga nisu dali njegovom javnom braniocu.

Zapravo, niko nije ni znao da je tamo.

In fact, nobody even knew it was there.

Samo je stajao tamo nekih dvadesetak godina.

It just sat there for 20-some-odd years.

My team looked through the file, and we found it,

Moj tim je pregledao dosije i našli smo ga,

did the rest of the investigation,

sproveli ostatak istrage,

and figured out someone else committed the crime.

i shvatili da je neko drugi počinio zločin.

Mr. Fleming was in Disney World,

Gospodin Fleming je bio u Diznijevom svetu

and he is now released.

i sada je oslobođen.

Let me give you a little bit of context.

Da vam iznesem malo konteksta.

So about three years ago, I got a call from the Brooklyn District Attorney.

Pre oko tri godine sam dobio poziv od okružnog javnog tužioca u Bruklinu.

He asked whether I'd be interested in designing a program

Pitao me je da li bih bio zainteresovan za osmišljavanje programa

called a "conviction review unit."

pod nazivom „jedinica za razmatranje osuda“.

So I said yes.

Prihvatio sam.

A conviction review unit is essentially a unit in a prosecutor's office

Jedinica za razmatranje osuda je u suštini jedinica u tužilaštvu

where prosecutors look at their past cases

u kojoj tužioci pregledaju stare slučajeve

da bi ustanovili da li su napravili greške.

to determine whether or not they made mistakes.

Over the course of the first year,

Tokom prvih godinu dana,

we found about 13 wrongful convictions,

otkrili smo oko 13 pogrešnih osuda,

people having been in jail for decades,

ljude koji su decenijama bili u zatvoru,

and we released all of them.

i sve smo ih oslobodili.

It was the most in New York history.

To je bio najveći broj u istoriji Njujorka.

The program is still going on,

Taj program se i dalje odvija

and they're up to 21 releases now --

i sada su stigli do 21 oslobađanja -

21 čoveka koji je proveo značajnu količinu vremena iza rešetaka.

21 people who spent significant time behind bars.

So let me tell you about a couple other of the men and women

Dozvolite da vam ispričam o par drugih muškaraca i žena

that I interacted with in the course of this program.

sa kojima sam bio u kontaktu za vreme ovog programa.

One name is Roger Logan.

Jedno od imena je Rodžer Logan.

Gospodin Logan je proveo 17 godina u zatvoru

Mr. Logan had been in jail 17 years

i napisao mi je pismo.

and wrote me a letter.

It was a simple letter; it basically said,

Bilo je to jednostavno pismo; u suštini je govorilo:

"Professor Sullivan, I'm innocent. I've been framed.

„Profesore Salivane, nevin sam. Namešteno mi je.

Can you look at my case?"

Možete li da pogledate moj predmet?“

At first blush, the case seemed like it was open and shut,

Na prvi pogled, izgledalo je da je slučaj čist kao suza,

but my research had shown

ali moje istraživanje je pokazalo

that single-witness identification cases

da su slučajevi identifikacije sa jednim svedokom

are prone to error.

podložni greškama.

It doesn't mean he was innocent,

To ne znači da je nevin,

već samo znači da treba da malo bolje pogledamo te slučajeve.

it just means we ought to look a little bit closer at those cases.

So we did.

To smo i uradili.

And the facts were relatively simple.

Podaci su bili relativno jednostavni.

The eyewitness said she heard a shot,

Svedokinja je rekla da je čula pucanj,

and she ran to the next building and turned around and looked,

da je otrčala do susedne zgrade, okrenula se i pogledala,

and there was Mr. Logan.

a tamo je bio gospodin Logan.

And he was tried and convicted and in jail for 17-some-odd years.

Njemu se sudilo, osuđen je i proveo je u zatvoru 17 i nešto godina.

But it was a single-witness case, so we took a look at it.

To je bio slučaj sa samo jednim svedokom, pa smo ga pregledali.

I sent some people to the scene, and there was an inconsistency.

Poslao sam neke ljude na mesto zločina i postojala je nedoslednost.

And to put it politely:

Da to kažem odmereno:

Usain Bolt couldn't have run from where she said she was

Jusein Bolt nije mogao da pretrči sa onog mesta na kome je rekla da je bila

to the other spot.

na drugo mesto.

Right?

So we knew that wasn't true.

Tako smo znali da to nije istina.

So it still didn't mean that he didn't do it,

To još uvek nije značilo da nije to počinio,

but we knew something was maybe fishy about this witness.

ali smo znali da je nešto možda sumnjivo u vezi sa ovim svedokom.

So we looked through the file,

Zato smo prošli kroz predmet

a piece of paper in the file had a number on it.

i na jednom papiru u predmetu se nalazio broj.

The number indicated that this witness had a record.

Broj je ukazivao da je ovaj svedok imao dosije.

We went back through 20 years of non-digitized papers

Prošli smo unazad kroz 20 godina nedigitalizovanih dokumenata

to figure out what this record was about,

da bismo otkrili o čemu se radi u tom dosijeu,

and it turned out -- it turned out --

i ispostavilo se

the eyewitness was in jail

da je svedokinja bila u zatvoru

when she said she saw what she saw.

kada je rekla da je videla ono što je videla.

The man spent 17 years behind bars.

Čovek je proveo 17 godina iza rešetaka.

The last one is a case about two boys,

Poslednji je slučaj dva dečaka,

Willie Stuckey, David McCallum.

Vilija Stakija i Dejvida Makaluma.

They were arrested at 15,

Uhapšeni su sa 15 godina,

and their conviction was vacated 29 years later.

a njihova presuda je poništena 29 godina kasnije.

Now this was a case,

To je bio slučaj u kome je,

once again -- first blush, it looked open and shut.

još jednom, na prvi pogled sve delovalo jasno kao dan.

They had confessed.

Priznali su.

But my research showed that juvenile confessions

Ali, moje istraživanje je pokazalo da su priznanja maloletnika

without a parent present

bez prisustva roditelja

are prone to error.

podložna greškama.

The DNA cases proved this several times.

Slučajevi sa analizom DNK su to dokazali više puta.

So we took a close look.

Zato smo pogledali izbliza.

We looked at the confession,

Sagledali smo priznanja

and it turned out,

i ispostavilo se

there was something in the confession

da je bilo nečeg u priznanju

that those boys could not have known.

što ti dečaci nisu mogli znati.

The only people who knew it were police and prosecutors.

Jedini koji su to znali bili su policija i tužioci.

Znali smo šta se zaista dogodilo;

We knew what really happened;

someone told them to say this.

neko im je rekao da to kažu.

We don't exactly know who,

Ne znamo tačno ko,

which person did,

koja osoba je u pitanju,

but any rate, the confession was coerced,

ali, u svakom slučaju, priznanje je bilo pod prinudom,

we determined.

kako smo ustanovili.

We then went back and did forensics

Onda smo obavili forenzičku analizu unazad,

and did a fulsome investigation

sproveli temeljnu istragu

and found that two other,

i otkrili da su druge dve osobe,

much older, different heights, different hairstyle,

mnogo starije, sa različitim visinama i drugačijim frizurama,

two other people committed the crime,

počinile zločin,

not these two boys.

a ne ova dva dečaka.

I actually went to court that day,

Zapravo sam otišao u sud tog dana

for what's called a "vacatur hearing,"

na ono što se naziva „saslušanje radi poništavanja“,

where the conviction is thrown out.

gde se presuda odbacuje.

I went to court; I wanted to see

Išao sam u sud; hteo sam da vidim

Mr. McCallum walk out of there.

kako gospodin Makalum odlazi odatle.

So I went to court,

Dakle, otišao sam u sud

and the judge said something that judges say all the time,

i sudija je rekao nešto što sudije stalno govore,

but this took on a really special meaning.

ali ovoga puta je zaista imalo značaja.

He looked up after the arguments and said,

Podigao je pogled nakon iznetih argumenata i rekao:

"Mr. McCallum,"

„Gospodine Makalum“,

he said five beautiful words:

rekao je četiri lepe reči:

"You are free to go."

„Slobodni ste da idete.“

Can you imagine?

Da li možete da zamislite?

After just about 30 years:

Nakon gotovo 30 godina:

„Slobodni ste da idete.“

"You are free to go."

And he walked out of that courtroom.

I napustio je tu sudnicu.

Unfortunately, his codefendant, Mr. Stuckey,

Nažalost, njegov saoptuženi, gospodin Staki,

didn't get the benefit of that.

nije imao koristi od toga.

You see, Mr. Stuckey died in prison

Vidite, gospodin Staki je umro u zatvoru

at 34 years old,

u 34. godini,

and his mother sat at counsel table in his place.

a njegova majka je umesto njega sedela za stolom.

I'll never forget this the rest of my life.

Nikada neću to zaboraviti do kraja života.

She just rocked at the table, saying,

Samo se klatila za stolom, govoreći:

"I knew my baby didn't do this.

„Znala sam da moje dete to nije uradilo.

I knew my baby didn't do this."

Znala sam da moje dete to nije uradilo.“

And her baby didn't do this.

I njeno dete to nije uradilo.

Two other guys did it.

To su uradila druga dva momka.

If there's anything that we've learned, anything that I've learned,

Ako postoji nešto što smo naučili, nešto što sam naučio,

with this conviction integrity work,

kroz ovaj rad na integritetu osuda,

it's that justice doesn't happen.

to je da se pravda ne dešava.

People make justice happen.

Ljudi čine da se pravda desi.

Justice is not a thing that just descends from above

Pravda nije nešto što samo padne sa neba

and makes everything right.

i ispravi sve.

If it did, Mr. Stuckey wouldn't have died in prison.

Da je tako, gospodin Staki ne bi umro u zatvoru.

Justice is something

Pravda je nešto

that people of goodwill make happen.

što ljudi dobre volje omoguće da se desi.

Justice is a decision.

Pravda je odluka.

Justice is a decision.

Pravda je odluka.

We make justice happen.

Mi ostvarujemo pravdu.

You know, the scary thing is,

Znate, zastrašujuća stvar je to što je,

in each of these three cases I described,

u svakom od ova tri slučaja koja sam opisao,

it would have only taken just an extra minute --

bio potreban samo još jedan minut -

an extra minute --

jedan dodatni minut -

for someone to look through the file

da neko pregleda dosije

and find this receipt.

i nađe ovaj račun.

Just one -- to look through the file, find the receipt,

Samo jedan - da pregleda dosije, nađe račun

give it to the public defender.

i preda ga javnom braniocu.

It would have taken someone just a minute

Nekome bi bio potreban samo minut

to look at the video confession and say, "That cannot be."

da pogleda snimak priznanja i kaže: „Ovo ne može biti.“

Just a minute.

Samo jedan minut.

And perhaps Mr. Stuckey would be alive today.

I možda bi gospodin Staki bio živ danas.

It reminds me of one of my favorite poems.

To me podseća na jednu od mojih omiljenih pesama.

It's a poem that Benjamin Elijah Mays would always recite,

To je pesma koju bi uvek izrecitovao Bendžamin Elajdža Mejs,

and he called it "God's Minute."

a zvao ju je „Božji minut“.

And it goes something like this:

Ide ovako nekako:

"I have only just a minute,

„Imam samo minut,

only 60 seconds in it,

samo 60 sekundi u njemu,

forced upon me, can't refuse it,

nametnut mi, ne mogu ga odbiti,

didn't seek it, didn't choose it.

nisam ga tražio, nisam ga birao,

But it's up to me to use it.

ali je na meni da ga iskoristim.

I must suffer if I lose it, give account if I abuse it.

Moram patiti ako ga izgubim, polagati račune ako ga zloupotrebim.

Just a tiny little minute,

Samo jedan majušni minut,

but eternity is in it."

ali je večnost u njemu.“

If I were to charge

Kada bi trebalo da izdam naređenje

each and every one of us,

svakome od nas,

I would want to say something like,

rekao bih nešto poput:

"Every day,

„Svakoga dana,

every day,

svakoga dana,

take just one extra minute

izdvojite samo jedan dodatni minut

and do some justice.

i sprovedite pravdu.“

You don't have to --

Ne morate -

I mean, some people spend their careers and their lives,

Mislim, neki ljudi provedu svoju karijeru i svoj život,

like public defenders,

kao javni branioci,

doing justice every day.

svakodnevno radeći za pravdu.

Ali, u vašem profesionalnom životu, čime god da se bavite,

But in your professional lives, whatever you do,

take time out

izdvojte vreme

da jednostavno

to just

do some justice.

sprovodite pravdu.

Make a colleague feel better.

Učinite da se kolega oseća bolje.

If you hear something that's sexist,

Ako čujete nešto što je seksistički,

don't laugh, speak up.

ne smejte se, već izrazite svoj stav.

If someone is down, lift them up,

Ako je neko tužan, oraspoložite ga,

one extra minute each day,

jedan dodatni minut svakoga dana

i biće to sjajno mesto.

and it'll be a great, great place.

I want to show you something.

Želim da vam pokažem nešto.

Now, above me is a picture

Iznad mene je slika

of David McCallum.

Dejvida Makaluma.

This is the day he was released from prison.

Ovo je dan kada je oslobođen iz zatvora.

Nakon 30 godina je mogao da zagrli bratanicu

After 30 years, he got to hug a niece

he had never been able to touch before.

koju nikada ranije nije mogao da dodirne.

And I asked him then,

Pitao sam ga tada:

I said, "What's the first thing you want to do?"

„Šta je prvo što želiš da uradiš?“

A on je rekao: „Samo želim da hodam trotoarom,

And he said, "I just want to walk on the sidewalk

without anybody telling me where to go."

a da mi niko ne govori gde da idem.“

Wasn't bitter,

Nije bio ogorčen.

Samo je hteo da hoda trotoarom.

just wanted to walk on the sidewalk.

I spoke to Mr. McCallum about two weeks ago.

Razgovarao sam sa gospodinom Makalumom pre oko dve nedelje.

I went to New York.

Otišao sam u Njujork.

It was on the two-year anniversary

Bilo je to na drugu godišnjicu

of his release.

njegovog oslobađanja.

And we talked,

Razgovarali smo,

we laughed, we hugged, we cried.

smejali se, grlili se, plakali.

And he's doing quite well.

Prilično je dobro.

And one of the things he said when we met with him

Jedna od stvari koje je rekao kada smo se sreli sa njim

is that he now has dedicated his life

je da je sada posvetio svoj život

and his career

i svoju karijeru

to ensuring that nobody else is locked up unjustly.

tome da se postara da niko više ne bude nepravedno zatvoren.

Justice, my friends,

Pravda, prijatelji moji,

is a decision.

jeste odluka.

Thank you very much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)