How I help free innocent people from prison | Ronald Sullivan

51,699 views ใƒป 2017-08-30

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Tatiana Derbin ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
So, imagine that you take a 19-hour, very long drive
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฆืืชื ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืฉืœ 19 ืฉืขื•ืช,
00:19
to Disney World,
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ืœื“ื™ืกื ื™ื•ื•ืจืœื“,
00:21
with two kids in the back seat.
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ืขื ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™.
00:24
And 15 minutes into this 19-hour trip,
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ื•ื‘-15 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ 19 ืฉืขื•ืช,
00:30
the immutable laws of nature dictate
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ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื
00:33
that you get the question:
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ืฉืชืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”:
00:35
"Are we there yet?"
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"ื”ื’ืขื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ?"
00:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:38
So you answer this question a hundred more times, easily,
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ืื– ืืชื ืขื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื, ื‘ืจื•ื’ืข,
00:41
in the negative,
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ื‘ืฉืœื™ืœื”,
00:43
but you finally arrive.
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ืืš ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืชื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื.
00:44
You have a wonderful, wonderful, wonderful trip.
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ืืชื ื ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ื ืคืœื, ื ืคืœื, ื ืคืœื ื”ื–ื”.
00:47
You drive 19 long hours back home.
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ืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื 19 ืฉืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
00:53
And when you get there,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื,
00:54
the police are waiting on you.
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ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื›ื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื.
00:57
They accuse you of committing a crime
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ื”ื ืžืืฉื™ืžื™ื ืืชื›ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืฉืข
00:59
that occurred while you were away in Florida.
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ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”.
01:03
You tell anybody and everybody who will listen,
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ืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืข,
01:06
"I didn't do it!
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"ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช!
01:08
I couldn't have done it!
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"ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช!
01:10
I was hanging out with Mickey and Minnie and my kids!"
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"ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืขื ืžื™ืงื™ ื•ืžื™ื ื™ ื•ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™!"
01:14
But no one believes you.
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ืืš ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืœื›ื.
01:17
Ultimately, you're arrested,
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืืชื ื ืขืฆืจื™ื,
01:19
you're tried,
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ื ืฉืคื˜ื™ื,
01:20
you're convicted
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ืžื•ืจืฉืขื™ื,
01:22
and you are sentenced.
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ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื’ื–ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.
01:24
And you spend 25 years in jail,
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ื•ืืชื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื 25 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื,
01:28
until someone comes along and proves --
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ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ื“ ื•ืžื•ื›ื™ื— --
01:33
has the evidence to prove --
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” --
01:34
that you actually were in Florida
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”
01:38
when this crime was committed.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื”ืคืฉืข ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ.
01:41
So.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ.
01:43
So, I'm a Harvard Law professor,
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ืื ื™ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“,
01:45
and the last several years, I have worked on
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ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™
01:50
winning the release of innocent people
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ื‘ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืคื™ื ืžืคืฉืข
01:53
who've been wrongfully convicted --
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ืฉื”ื•ืจืฉืขื• ื‘ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื --
01:56
people like Jonathan Fleming,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’'ื•ื ืชืŸ ืคืœืžื™ื ื’,
01:58
who spent 24 years, eight months in jail
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ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ 24 ืฉื ื™ื ื•-8 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื
02:01
for a murder that was committed in Brooklyn, New York,
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ืขืœ ืจืฆื— ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง,
02:05
while he was in Disney World
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืกื ื™ื•ื•ืจืœื“
02:09
with his kids.
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ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
02:10
How do we know this?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš?
02:12
Because when he was arrested,
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ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฆืจ,
02:15
among his property in his back pocket
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืกื• ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™
02:18
was a receipt --
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ื ืžืฆืื” ืงื‘ืœื” --
02:20
time-stamped receipt
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ืงื‘ืœื” ืขื ื—ื•ืชื ื–ืžืŸ,
02:22
that showed that he was in Disney World.
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ืฉื”ืจืืชื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืกื ื™ื•ื•ืจืœื“.
02:26
That receipt was put in the police file,
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ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื•ื›ื ืกื” ืืœ ืชื™ืง ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”,
02:29
a copy of it was put in the prosecutor's file,
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ื”ืขืชืง ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื›ื ืก ืืœ ื”ืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข,
02:31
and they never gave it to his public defender.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืืœ ืกื ื’ื•ืจื• ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
02:35
In fact, nobody even knew it was there.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื.
02:37
It just sat there for 20-some-odd years.
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ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฉื 20 ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื™ื.
02:40
My team looked through the file, and we found it,
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ืง, ื•ืžืฆืื ื• ืื•ืชื”,
02:45
did the rest of the investigation,
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ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื”,
02:46
and figured out someone else committed the crime.
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืคืฉืข.
02:49
Mr. Fleming was in Disney World,
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ืžืจ ืคืœืžื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืกื ื™ื•ื•ืจืœื“,
02:52
and he is now released.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ.
02:54
Let me give you a little bit of context.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื›ื ื”ืงืฉืจ.
02:57
So about three years ago, I got a call from the Brooklyn District Attorney.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›-3 ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื™ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ.
03:01
He asked whether I'd be interested in designing a program
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืื ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜
03:05
called a "conviction review unit."
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ื‘ืฉื "ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช".
03:07
So I said yes.
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ืขื ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘.
03:09
A conviction review unit is essentially a unit in a prosecutor's office
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ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข
03:13
where prosecutors look at their past cases
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื™ืงื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
03:17
to determine whether or not they made mistakes.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื”ื ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื• ืœื.
03:20
Over the course of the first year,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
03:22
we found about 13 wrongful convictions,
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ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื›-13 ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื,
03:25
people having been in jail for decades,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
03:28
and we released all of them.
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ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื ื• ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื™.
03:29
It was the most in New York history.
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ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง.
03:32
The program is still going on,
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ,
03:33
and they're up to 21 releases now --
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ื”ื•ื 21 --
03:37
21 people who spent significant time behind bars.
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21 ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ื–ืžืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกื•ืจื’ื™ื.
03:42
So let me tell you about a couple other of the men and women
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
03:47
that I interacted with in the course of this program.
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ืฉืื™ืชื ื‘ืืชื™ ื‘ืžื’ืข ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜.
03:50
One name is Roger Logan.
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ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืจื•ื’'ืจ ืœื•ื’ืŸ.
03:54
Mr. Logan had been in jail 17 years
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ืžืจ ืœื•ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœื 17 ืฉื ื™ื
03:57
and wrote me a letter.
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ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืœื™ ืžื›ืชื‘.
03:58
It was a simple letter; it basically said,
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžื›ืชื‘ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืฉื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืืžืจ,
04:00
"Professor Sullivan, I'm innocent. I've been framed.
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"ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืกืืœื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ืฃ ืžืคืฉืข. ื”ืคืœื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื™.
04:03
Can you look at my case?"
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"ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื™?"
04:06
At first blush, the case seemed like it was open and shut,
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ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื™ืง ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ ื—ื“ ื•ื—ืœืง,
04:09
but my research had shown
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ืืš ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื”ืจืื”
04:12
that single-witness identification cases
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ืฉืžืงืจื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืขื ืขื“ ื™ื—ื™ื“
04:14
are prone to error.
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ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช.
04:17
It doesn't mean he was innocent,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฃ ืžืคืฉืข,
04:19
it just means we ought to look a little bit closer at those cases.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
04:22
So we did.
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ื•ื›ืš ืขืฉื™ื ื•.
04:23
And the facts were relatively simple.
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ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™.
04:25
The eyewitness said she heard a shot,
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ืขื“ืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ืืžืจื” ืฉืฉืžืขื” ื™ืจื™ื”,
04:28
and she ran to the next building and turned around and looked,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืฆื” ืืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืœืื—ื•ืจ,
04:31
and there was Mr. Logan.
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ื•ืจืืชื” ืืช ืžืจ ืœื•ื’ืŸ.
04:34
And he was tried and convicted and in jail for 17-some-odd years.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ื•ืจืฉืข ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœื 17 ืฉื ื™ื.
04:38
But it was a single-witness case, so we took a look at it.
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ืืš ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง.
04:41
I sent some people to the scene, and there was an inconsistency.
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ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื.
04:44
And to put it politely:
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ืื ืœื ืกื— ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืคื”:
04:49
Usain Bolt couldn't have run from where she said she was
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ื™ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืจื•ืฅ ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื•
04:53
to the other spot.
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ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืื—ืจ.
04:54
Right?
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ื›ืŸ?
04:55
So we knew that wasn't true.
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ืื– ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืžืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ.
04:58
So it still didn't mean that he didn't do it,
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ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืคืฉืข,
05:00
but we knew something was maybe fishy about this witness.
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ืืš ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื›ืฉื•ืจื” ืขื ื”ืขื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
05:05
So we looked through the file,
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ืื– ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ืง,
05:07
a piece of paper in the file had a number on it.
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ื•ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื™ืกืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœื™ื”.
05:09
The number indicated that this witness had a record.
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ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœืขื“ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืคืœื™ืœื™.
05:12
We went back through 20 years of non-digitized papers
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ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ 20 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืจืช ืœื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช,
05:16
to figure out what this record was about,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
05:19
and it turned out -- it turned out --
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ื•ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ -- ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ --
05:21
the eyewitness was in jail
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ืฉื”ืขื“ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื›ืœื
05:25
when she said she saw what she saw.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืจืืชื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉืจืืชื”.
05:29
The man spent 17 years behind bars.
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ 17 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกื•ืจื’ื™ื.
05:33
The last one is a case about two boys,
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ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื,
05:38
Willie Stuckey, David McCallum.
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ื•ื™ืœื™ ืกื˜ืืงื™, ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืžืงืืœื•ื.
05:40
They were arrested at 15,
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ื”ื ื ืขืฆืจื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 15,
05:43
and their conviction was vacated 29 years later.
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ื•ื”ืจืฉืขืชื ื‘ื•ื˜ืœื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 29 ืฉื ื™ื.
05:48
Now this was a case,
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ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”,
05:50
once again -- first blush, it looked open and shut.
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ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืขื -- ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื—ื“ ื•ื—ืœืง.
05:53
They had confessed.
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ื”ื ื”ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืืฉืžื”.
05:55
But my research showed that juvenile confessions
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ืืš ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื”ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื
05:58
without a parent present
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ืœืœื ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื”
05:59
are prone to error.
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ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช.
06:01
The DNA cases proved this several times.
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ืžืงืจื™ื ืขื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื“ื "ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื–ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื.
06:03
So we took a close look.
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ืื– ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
06:05
We looked at the confession,
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ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื”,
06:07
and it turned out,
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ื•ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ,
06:08
there was something in the confession
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ืฉื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื•
06:10
that those boys could not have known.
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ืฉื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช.
06:12
The only people who knew it were police and prosecutors.
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ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื.
06:15
We knew what really happened;
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ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงืจื”.
06:17
someone told them to say this.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื”.
06:19
We don't exactly know who,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื™ ื–ื”,
06:20
which person did,
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ืžื™ ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช,
06:22
but any rate, the confession was coerced,
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ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืฉื ื’ื‘ืชื” ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ื”,
06:25
we determined.
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ื›ืš ืงื‘ืขื ื•.
06:27
We then went back and did forensics
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ืื– ืฆืขื“ื ื• ืื—ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืคืœื™ืœื™
06:29
and did a fulsome investigation
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ื•ืขืจื›ื ื• ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืงื™ืคื”
06:30
and found that two other,
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื•ื’ ืื—ืจ,
06:32
much older, different heights, different hairstyle,
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ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืจ, ื‘ืชืกืจื•ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
06:35
two other people committed the crime,
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ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืืช ื”ืคืฉืข,
06:37
not these two boys.
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ืœื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
06:39
I actually went to court that day,
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
06:41
for what's called a "vacatur hearing,"
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื "ืฉื™ืžื•ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ",
06:44
where the conviction is thrown out.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืจืฉืขื”.
06:46
I went to court; I wanted to see
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช
06:49
Mr. McCallum walk out of there.
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ืืช ืžืจ ืžืงืืœื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืฉื.
06:51
So I went to court,
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ืื– ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
06:52
and the judge said something that judges say all the time,
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ื•ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
06:55
but this took on a really special meaning.
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ืืš ื”ืคืขื ื–ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช.
06:58
He looked up after the arguments and said,
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื™ื ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื• ื•ืืžืจ,
07:01
"Mr. McCallum,"
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"ืžืจ ืžืงืืœื•ื,"
07:02
he said five beautiful words:
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื—ืžืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื™ืคื•ืช:
07:05
"You are free to go."
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"ืžืจ ืžืงืืœื•ื, ืืชื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืœืœื›ืช."
07:10
Can you imagine?
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ืืชื ืžืชืืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื?
07:11
After just about 30 years:
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ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ 30 ืฉื ื™ื:
07:15
"You are free to go."
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"ืืชื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืœืœื›ืช."
07:18
And he walked out of that courtroom.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ืžืื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
07:21
Unfortunately, his codefendant, Mr. Stuckey,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืฉื•ืชืคื• ืœื”ืจืฉืขื”, ืžืจ ืกื˜ืืงื™,
07:24
didn't get the benefit of that.
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ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื.
07:27
You see, Mr. Stuckey died in prison
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉืžืจ ืกื˜ืืงื™ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื
07:30
at 34 years old,
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 34,
07:32
and his mother sat at counsel table in his place.
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ื•ืืžื• ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•.
07:36
I'll never forget this the rest of my life.
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ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™.
07:39
She just rocked at the table, saying,
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ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืชื ื“ื ื“ื” ืœื” ื•ืืžืจื”,
07:42
"I knew my baby didn't do this.
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"ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช.
07:44
I knew my baby didn't do this."
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"ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช."
07:46
And her baby didn't do this.
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ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื” ืœื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช.
07:48
Two other guys did it.
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ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช.
07:50
If there's anything that we've learned, anything that I've learned,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•, ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ืœืžื“ืชื™,
07:54
with this conviction integrity work,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช,
07:57
it's that justice doesn't happen.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืฆื“ืง ืœื ืงื•ืจื”.
08:01
People make justice happen.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฆื“ืง ืœืงืจื•ืช.
08:08
Justice is not a thing that just descends from above
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ืฆื“ืง ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ ืืœื™ื ื• ืžืžืขืœ
08:12
and makes everything right.
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ื•ืžืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ.
08:14
If it did, Mr. Stuckey wouldn't have died in prison.
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ืื™ืœื• ื›ืš ื”ื™ื”, ืžืจ ืกื˜ืืงื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืช ื‘ื›ืœื.
08:19
Justice is something
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ืฆื“ืง ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื•
08:21
that people of goodwill make happen.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื.
08:25
Justice is a decision.
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ืฆื“ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.
08:32
Justice is a decision.
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ืฆื“ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.
08:35
We make justice happen.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฆื“ืง ืœืงืจื•ืช.
08:38
You know, the scary thing is,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื,
08:40
in each of these three cases I described,
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ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืชืืจืชื™,
08:42
it would have only taken just an extra minute --
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืจืง ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช --
08:45
an extra minute --
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ืขื•ื“ ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช --
08:46
for someone to look through the file
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืกืชื›ืœ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ืง
08:49
and find this receipt.
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ื•ื™ืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื”.
08:51
Just one -- to look through the file, find the receipt,
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ืจืง ืื—ืช -- ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ืง, ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื”,
08:55
give it to the public defender.
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ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืืœ ื”ืกื ื’ื•ืจ.
08:58
It would have taken someone just a minute
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช
09:01
to look at the video confession and say, "That cannot be."
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื•ืœื•ืžืจ, "ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช."
09:06
Just a minute.
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ืจืง ื“ืงื”.
09:09
And perhaps Mr. Stuckey would be alive today.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืžืจ ืกื˜ืืงื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
09:13
It reminds me of one of my favorite poems.
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ื–ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™.
09:16
It's a poem that Benjamin Elijah Mays would always recite,
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ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ื’'ื” ืžื™ื™ืก ืชืžื™ื“ ื“ืงืœื,
09:20
and he called it "God's Minute."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื "ื“ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื".
09:22
And it goes something like this:
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ื›ื›ื”:
09:24
"I have only just a minute,
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"ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื™ ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื“ืงื”,
09:26
only 60 seconds in it,
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"ืจืง 60 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”,
09:28
forced upon me, can't refuse it,
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"ื ื›ืคืชื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœืกืจื‘ื”,
09:30
didn't seek it, didn't choose it.
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"ืœื ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™, ืœื ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื‘ื”,
09:33
But it's up to me to use it.
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"ืืš ืœื ืฆืœื” - ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
09:34
I must suffer if I lose it, give account if I abuse it.
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"ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืื ืืื‘ื“ื”, ื•ืœืขื ื•ืช ืื ืืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืจืข,
09:38
Just a tiny little minute,
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"ืจืง ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช ืงื˜ื ื”,
09:41
but eternity is in it."
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"ืืš ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฆื— ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”."
09:45
If I were to charge
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ืื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื™ ืœื”ืคืฆื™ืจ
09:47
each and every one of us,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืืชื ื•,
09:49
I would want to say something like,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•
09:53
"Every day,
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"ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
09:55
every day,
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"ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
09:57
take just one extra minute
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"ืงื—ื• ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช
10:01
and do some justice.
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"ื•ืชืขืฉื• ืงืฆืช ืฆื“ืง."
10:04
You don't have to --
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ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื --
10:06
I mean, some people spend their careers and their lives,
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ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื,
10:10
like public defenders,
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ื›ืžื• ืกื ื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื,
10:11
doing justice every day.
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฆื“ืง ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
10:14
But in your professional lives, whatever you do,
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ืืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ืขื™ืกื•ืงื›ื,
10:16
take time out
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ืงื—ื• ืคืกืง ื–ืžืŸ
10:18
to just
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ื›ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜
10:20
do some justice.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืฆื“ืง.
10:21
Make a colleague feel better.
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ืชืขื•ื“ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื’ื” ืฉืœื›ื.
10:23
If you hear something that's sexist,
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ืื ืฉืžืขืชื ืืžื™ืจื” ืกืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืช,
10:27
don't laugh, speak up.
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ืืœ ืชืฆื—ืงื•, ื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช.
10:30
If someone is down, lift them up,
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืชื“ืจื“ืจ, ืชืขื–ืจื• ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื,
10:32
one extra minute each day,
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ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
10:36
and it'll be a great, great place.
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ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืงื•ื ื ื”ื“ืจ.
10:38
I want to show you something.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื•.
10:41
Now, above me is a picture
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืžืขืœื™ื™ ืžืจืื”
10:44
of David McCallum.
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ืืช ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืžืงืืœื•ื.
10:47
This is the day he was released from prison.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ื›ืœื.
10:50
After 30 years, he got to hug a niece
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ืœืื—ืจ 30 ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื—ื‘ืง ืืช ืื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืชื•
10:53
he had never been able to touch before.
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ืฉืขื“ ืื– ืœื ื™ื›ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื”.
10:57
And I asked him then,
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืื–,
10:59
I said, "What's the first thing you want to do?"
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ืžื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืชืจืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช?"
11:02
And he said, "I just want to walk on the sidewalk
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”, "ืื ื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื”
11:04
without anybody telling me where to go."
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"ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ ืœืืŸ ืœืœื›ืช."
11:07
Wasn't bitter,
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ืฉื•ื ืžืจืžื•ืจ,
11:09
just wanted to walk on the sidewalk.
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ืจืง ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฆืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื”.
11:11
I spoke to Mr. McCallum about two weeks ago.
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื ืžืจ ืžืงืืœื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื.
11:15
I went to New York.
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ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง.
11:16
It was on the two-year anniversary
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ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื
11:19
of his release.
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ืžืื– ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื•.
11:21
And we talked,
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ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื•,
11:22
we laughed, we hugged, we cried.
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ืฆื—ืงื ื•, ื”ืชื—ื‘ืงื ื•, ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•.
11:25
And he's doing quite well.
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ื•ืžืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ.
11:28
And one of the things he said when we met with him
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืžืจ ืœื™ ื›ืฉื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืื™ืชื•,
11:31
is that he now has dedicated his life
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ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•
11:35
and his career
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ื•ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื›ื“ื™
11:36
to ensuring that nobody else is locked up unjustly.
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ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืืกืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื‘ืฆื“ืง.
11:41
Justice, my friends,
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™, ืฆื“ืง -
11:45
is a decision.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.
11:47
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
11:48
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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