A memory scientist's advice on reporting harassment and discrimination | Julia Shaw

Prevodilac: Dragana Savanovic Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

Me Too and Time's Up have highlighted

Pokreti Me Too i Time's Up su istakli

that harassment and discrimination are a shockingly common part

da su uznemiravanje i diskriminacija iznenađujuće uobičajen deo

of many people's lived reality,

realnosti većine ljudi,

and that this reality extends into the workplace.

i da se ova realnost prenosi u radno okruženje.

Whether in tech or finance, sports or the service industry,

Bilo da je u pitanju svet tehnologije ili finansija, sporta ili ugostiteljstva,

every day we seem to hear another story about an abuse of power

čini se da svakog dana čujemo još jednu priču o zloupotrebi moći

or another grossly inappropriate workplace behavior.

ili o još jednom veoma neprikladnom ponašanju u radnom okruženju.

People are furious.

Ljudi su besni.

They're taking to Twitter and social media to voice that this must change.

Odlaze na Tviter i društvene mreže da skrenu pažnju da se ovo mora promeniti.

But it's time to move beyond the hashtag.

Ali vreme je da se krene dalje od heštaga.

It's time for us to report harassment and discrimination

Vreme je da prijavimo uznemiravanje i diskriminaciju

to those who can fix this mess.

onima koji mogu da reše ovaj problem.

And it's time for us to talk about harassment

I vreme je da počnemo da pričamo o uznemiravanju

in a more inclusive way:

na inkluzivniji način:

not just about sexual harassment,

ne samo o seksualnom uznemiravanju,

but to encourage people to come forward

već da podstaknemo ljude da budu iskreni

about harassment and discrimination based on other characteristics

o uznemiravanju i diskriminaciji zasnovanim na karakteristikama

such as age, disability or ethnicity.

kao što su starost, invaliditet ili etnička pripadnost.

Because only together can we fix

Zato što samo zajedno možemo da popravimo

the underlying causes and consequences of harassment.

osnovne uzroke i posledice uznemiravanja.

You see, most of us will,

Vidite, većina nas će,

at some point in our lives,

u nekom trenutku života,

experience workplace harassment or discrimination.

iskusiti uznemiravanje ili diskriminaciju u radnom okruženju.

Research shows that particularly women, people of color

Istraživanja pokazuju da će posebno žene, ljudi druge boje kože

and people who openly identify as LGBTQI are likely to be targeted,

i osobe koje se javno izjasne kao LGBTQI verovatnije biti na meti,

and for some people, this is a pervasive and persistent part of their reality.

i za neke ljude, ovo je sveprisutan i trajan deo njihove realnosti.

And for most of these people --

Za većinu ovih ljudi,

98 percent according to some studies --

kojih je 98 procenata po nekim istraživanjima,

most of these people will never speak up and tell their employer.

većina njih nikada neće progovoriti i prijaviti to svom poslodavcu.

Too often, harassment and discrimination is a lonely and isolating experience,

Često, uznemiravanje i diskriminacija su usamljena i izolovana iskustva,

but we need to help people out from under their desks.

ali mi moramo da pomognemo ljudima da to razotkriju.

We need to empower people to have a voice.

Moramo da ohrabrimo ljude da izraze mišljenje.

The reasonable first question that everybody asks

Razumno prvo pitanje koje svi postave

once they've been harassed is "What do I do now?"

nakon što su uznemiravani je: „Šta sada da radim?“

And this is what I want to help you with.

U vezi sa time želim da vam pomognem.

Navigating the barriers to reporting can be absolutely dizzying.

Izlaženje na kraj sa preprekama do prijavljivanja može biti zamorno.

How can we speak up in a society

Kako možemo da progovorimo u društvu

that too often discredits or diminishes our experiences?

koje nam prečesto ne veruje ili umanjuje naše iskustvo?

How can we speak up in a society

Kako da progovorimo u društvu

that is likely to be retributive towards us?

koje će verovatno biti osvetnički nastrojeno prema nama?

How can we deal with the silencing that goes on all around us?

Kako da se nosimo sa ućutkivanjem koje je svuda oko nas?

Making matters worse,

Da stvari budu još gore,

often our memories are the only evidence we have of what happened.

često je naše sećanje jedini dokaz onoga što se dogodilo.

Now, here's where I can come in.

E tu nastupam ja.

I'm a memory scientist,

Ja sam stručnjak za pamćenje i specijalizovala sam načine

and I specialize in how we remember important emotional events.

na koje pamtimo važne emocionalne događaje.

I've particularly focused on how the memory interview process

Posebno sam fokusirana na to kako proces intervjua o sećanju

can severely impact the evidentiary quality of reports that we produce.

može ozbiljno uticati na kvalitet dokaza u izveštajima koje proizvodimo.

A bad interview can lead you to forget details or misremember them

Loš intervju može učiniti da zaboravite ili pogrešno upamtite detalje,

while a good interview can forever change your life for the better.

dok dobar intervju može zauvek promeniti vaš život nabolje.

After looking at lab reports and working,

Nakon proučavanja laboratorijskih izveštaja i rada,

studying this issue both in the courtroom and in research settings,

proučavanja ovog problema i u sudnici i prilikom istraživanja,

I've dissected all the different things that can go wrong with our memories

izdvojila sam sve različite stvari koje mogu poći naopako sa pamćenjem

that can really threaten your case.

i koje mogu ugroziti vaš slučaj.

And now I'm turning my attention to helping people tackle

I sada preusmeravam svoju pažnju na pomaganje ljudima da savladaju

recording and reporting of workplace harassment and discrimination.

beleženje i prijavljivanje uznemiravanja i diskriminacije na poslu.

There's three things that I've learned from my research on this

Postoje tri stvari koje sam naučila iz istraživanja ove teme

that you can immediately apply

koje možete primeniti odmah

if you've been harassed or discriminated against at work.

ako su vas maltretirali ili diskriminisali na poslu.

I want to help you turn your memory into evidence --

Želim da vam pomognem da pretvorite vaše sećanje u dokaz -

evidence that even a memory skeptic like me

dokaz koji čak ni skeptik kao ja

is unlikely to find fault with.

ne može da ospori.

First of all, James Comey had it right.

Prvo, Džejms Komi je bio u pravu.

The former head of the FBI used to sit in his car,

Bivši direktor Ef-Bi-Aja bi sedeo u autu,

lock himself in after meetings with the president

zaključan, nakon sastanaka sa predsednikom

and write down absolutely everything he could remember about what happened.

i zapisivao apsolutno sve čega se sećao o onome što se dogodilo.

The now-famous recordings proved to be quite useful later on.

Sada poznate beleške su se kasnije pokazale kao prilično korisne.

Be like Comey.

Budite kao Komi.

Now, you don't need to lock yourself into your car to do this,

Ne morate da se zaključavate u auto da biste to uradili, ali molim vas,

but please, immediately after something happens,

odmah nakon što se nešto dogodi,

I want you to contemporaneously record what happened.

želim da istog trenutka zabeležite šta se desilo.

And do this before talking to anyone else about it.

Uradite to pre nego što bilo kome kažete.

Because as soon as your share your story

Jer čim podelite svoju priču

with friends or family or colleagues or therapists,

sa prijateljima, porodicom, kolegama ili terapeutom,

you have the potential to distort or change your memory of the event.

postoji mogućnost da izobličite ili promenite sećanje na događaj.

Uncontaminated, contemporaneous evidence is worth gold.

Neizmenjen, istovremen dokaz zlata vredi.

Second: the type of evidence matters.

Drugo: vrsta dokaza je bitna.

Sure, you can do a handwritten note of what happens,

Naravno, možete rukom zapisati ono što se desilo,

but how do you prove when you wrote it?

ali kako dokazati kada ste to zapisali?

Instead, pull out your computer or smartphone

Umesto toga, uzmite računar ili mobilni

and make a note that's time-stamped,

i napravite belešku koja ima označeno vreme,

where you can prove this was recorded at this time.

pa da možete da dokažete da je snimljena u to vreme.

Contemporaneous, time-stamped evidence is better.

Istovremen dokaz sa označenim vremenom je bolji.

Finally, make sure what you're writing down is actually relevant.

Na kraju, pobrinite se da je ono što zapišete zapravo važno.

Too often, we see that people bring out Facebook messages,

Prečesto vidimo da ljudi prikažu poruke sa Fejsbuka,

they bring out time-stamped pieces of evidence,

dokaze sa označenim vremenom,

but sure, they're not particularly relevant,

ali oni nisu preterano važni

they're not particularly useful.

ili korisni.

It's easy to write an emotional, unstructured account of what happened --

Lako je napisati emocionalan, neformalan prikaz onog što se desilo -

understandable because it's an emotional experience --

razumljivo, jer je to emotivno iskustvo -

but those might not actually be the details that matter later on

ali to možda nisu detalji koji će biti važni kasnije

za istragu.

for an investigation.

Write down this list.

Zapišite ovaj spisak.

I want you to keep track of this and simply fill in the blanks.

Želim da pratite ovo i da prosto popunite praznine.

First of all, what happened?

Prvo, šta se desilo?

In as much detail as possible,

U što je više moguće detalja

describe the situation,

opišite situaciju,

and do it on the day it happened if at all possible.

onog dana kada se desila, ako je moguće.

Second, who was there?

Drugo, ko je tome prisustvovao?

Were there any witnesses?

Da li je bilo svedoka?

This becomes crucial potentially later on.

Ovo će kasnije biti jako važno.

What exact time and date did this happen?

Tačno vreme i datum kada se desilo.

What location? Where did this happen?

Na kom mestu? Gde se desilo?

Who did you tell after the event?

Kome ste rekli nakon događaja?

How did it make you feel during and after it happened?

Kako ste se osećali tokom i nakon događaja?

And is there any other evidence such as WhatsApps, photos or emails

I da li postoji neki drugi dokaz kao što su Votsap, slike ili mejlovi

that might lend more credibility to your case.

koji bi učinili vaš slučaj uverljivijim?

These are all details that are incredibly easy to record contemporaneously

Sve su to detalji koje je jako lako zabeležiti istovremeno,

but are also incredibly easy to forget later on.

ali i zaboraviti kasnije.

Humans, according to research, often overestimate their ability

Prema istraživanju, ljudi često precenjuju svoju sposobnost

to remember important emotional details later on.

da se kasnije sete važnih emotivnih detalja.

Assume that you're going to forget.

Pretpostavite da ćete zaboraviti.

Assume you have to write it down.

Pretpostavite da morate zapisati.

Now, these three pieces of advice are a good start,

E sad, ova tri saveta su dobar početak,

but of course they don't overcome a lot of the other barriers to reporting.

ali naravno, ne prevladavaju mnoge druge barijere za prijavljivanje.

According to the Equality and Human Rights Commission,

Prema Komisiji za jednakost i ljudska prava,

which published a report in 2018,

koja je objavila izveštaj 2018. godine,

there's one key recommendation to overcome some of the other fears

postoji jedna glavna preporuka za prevazilaženje strahova

often associated with reporting these kinds of incidents to your employer.

koji se često povezuju sa prijavljivanjem ovakvih događaja poslodavcu.

One piece of advice that they made?

Jedan od njihovih saveta?

Have an online, anonymous reporting tool.

Onlajn, anonimna alatka za prijavljivanje.

Only that way, they say,

Jedino na taj način, kako kažu,

can you truly overcome many of the fears associated with reporting.

možete zaista prevazići mnoge strahove povezane sa prijavljivanjem.

Now, in line with this,

U skladu sa ovim,

and informed by what was happening all around me

uz informacije o onome što se događa oko mene

and taking and applying the memory science,

i uz primenu nauke o pamćenju,

the science that I had been doing for many years,

nauke kojom se bavim godinama,

I sat down with a number of people

sastala sam se sa dosta ljudi

and we together created TalkToSpot.com.

i zajedno smo napravili TalkToSpot.com.

Spot is an online, anonymous reporting tool

To je onlajn, anonimna alatka za prijavljivanje

that helps you record and report workplace harassment and discrimination.

koja pomaže da zabeležite i prijavite uznemiravanje i diskriminaciju na poslu.

It allows you to do it anonymously,

To možete uraditi anonimno,

it allows you to do it for free,

besplatno,

and it's completely evidence-based.

i potpuno je zasnovano na dokazima.

You don't have to talk to a person,

Ne morate da pričate sa osobom,

there's no fear of judgment,

nema straha od osuđivanja,

and you can do it whenever and wherever you need.

i to možete uraditi kad god i gde god vam je potrebno.

Now you have the power to walk through an evidence-based memory interview.

Sada imate moć da prođete kroz intervju o sećanjima na osnovu dokaza.

Now, this is called a cognitive interview.

To se zove kognitivni intervju.

This is the same technique that police use when they're doing their job properly.

Ovo je ista tehnika koju koristi policija kada radi svoj posao kako treba.

So in best-case scenarios,

U najboljem slučaju,

people who are being asked about important emotional events

kada ljude ispituju o važnim emotivnim događajima,

are being asked in line with the cognitive interview.

ispituju ih u skladu sa kognitivnim intervjuom.

Now, this walks you through all the relevant information

On vas sprovodi kroz sve važne informacije

so that at the end, after you've talked to the bot --

tako da na kraju, nakon što razgovarate sa botom -

which is an automatic messaging system --

automatskim sistemom za poruke -

after you've talked to the bot,

nakon što razgovarate sa botom,

it generates a PDF record that's time-stamped and securely signed

on napravi PDF zapis koji ima vreme i potpis

that you can keep for yourself as evidence in case you want to share it later,

i koji možete zadržati kao dokaz ako kasnije budete hteli da ga podelite,

or you can submit it to your employer right away.

ili ga možete odmah predati vašem poslodavcu.

And in line with recommendations,

U skladu sa preporukama,

you can submit it to your employer anonymously.

možete ga anonimno predati poslodavcu.

But a reporting tool is only as useful as the audience that's listening.

Ova alatka je korisna samo onoliko koliko i onaj kome je namenjena.

So if your employer is truly committed to change,

Ako je vaš poslodavac stvarno spreman za promene,

we've decided to also offer them the tool to respond.

odlučili smo da im ponudimo i alatku za odgovor.

So if organizations work with us

Ako organizacije sarađuju sa nama

and are truly committed to doing something

i ako su stvarno spremne da nešto urade

about workplace harassment and discrimination,

o pitanju uznemiravanja i diskriminacije na poslu,

they're also able to respond to you even if you've chosen to stay anonymous.

takođe mogu da vam odgovore iako ste odlučili da ostanete anonimni.

We think it's important that you can work together with your employer

Mislimo da je stvarno važno da sarađujete sa poslodavcem

to tackle this issue.

na rešavanju ovog problema.

We think that everybody wins when we bring light into this dark issue.

Svi su na dobitku kada osvetlimo ovako mračnu temu.

Whether it happens to you or to someone you know,

Bilo da se to dešava vama ili nekome koga znate,

recording and reporting what happened

beleženje i prijavljivanje onog što se desilo

can really improve how we talk about these issues.

može promeniti način na koji pričamo o ovim problemima.

And if you're an organization,

Ako ste organizacija,

this is a call to give your employees access

ovo je poziv da svojim zaposlenima obezbedite pristup

to better and more effective reporting mechanisms.

boljim i efektivnijim načinima za prijavljivanje.

We know that the current methods that are used in most organizations

Znamo da trenutne metode koje se koriste u većini organizacija

don't work effectively.

nisu efektne.

It's time to change that if you're committed to inclusion and diversity.

Vreme je da se to promeni ako ste spremni na inkluziju i raznovrsnost.

It's time for us to celebrate our diversity.

Vreme je da slavimo našu raznolikost.

It's time for us to give a voice

Vreme je da poslušamo mišljenje

to those who have for too long been denied one.

onih kojima je predugo to bilo uskraćeno.

It's time for us to celebrate those who come forward,

Vreme je da slavimo one koji istupe

even if they feel they need to stay anonymous --

čak i ako smatraju da treba da ostanu anonimni,

to stay masked to do so.

maskirani da bi to učinili.

It's time for a reporting revolution.

Vreme je za revoluciju prijavljivanja.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)