A memory scientist's advice on reporting harassment and discrimination | Julia Shaw

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Bighead Ge

Me Too and Time's Up have highlighted

「我也是」和「時間到了」 （性侵和性別運動的名稱）

強調出騷擾和歧視

that harassment and discrimination are a shockingly common part

在許多人的現實生活中 是出乎意料的常見，

of many people's lived reality,

and that this reality extends into the workplace.

而這個現實也延伸到工作場所。

Whether in tech or finance, sports or the service industry,

不論是在科技業、 金融業、運動，或服務業，

every day we seem to hear another story about an abuse of power

似乎每天我們都會聽到 另一個關於權力濫用的故事，

or another grossly inappropriate workplace behavior.

或是在工作場所中發生 不當下流行為的故事。

People are furious.

大家很憤怒。

They're taking to Twitter and social media to voice that this must change.

他們上推特和社交媒體發聲， 說這個狀況必須要被改變。

But it's time to move beyond the hashtag.

但，別只是加「＃」， 該是再進一步的時候了。

It's time for us to report harassment and discrimination

該是向那些能解決這團糟的人舉報

to those who can fix this mess.

騷擾和歧視事件的時候了。

And it's time for us to talk about harassment

該是我們用比較全面的方式

in a more inclusive way:

來談論騷擾的時候了：

not just about sexual harassment,

不只是談性騷擾，

but to encourage people to come forward

還要鼓勵大家站出來，

about harassment and discrimination based on other characteristics

說出和其他特性有關的騷擾和歧視，

such as age, disability or ethnicity.

比如年齡、殘疾，或人種。

Because only together can we fix

因為只有團結起來，我們才能解決

the underlying causes and consequences of harassment.

騷擾背後的成因以及後果。

You see, most of us will,

要知道，大部分的人， 在人生中的某個時點，

at some point in our lives,

experience workplace harassment or discrimination.

都會遇到工作場所騷擾或歧視。

Research shows that particularly women, people of color

研究顯示，特別是女性、有色人種，

and people who openly identify as LGBTQI are likely to be targeted,

及被公開認定是 LGBTQI 的人，

最有可能成為目標，

and for some people, this is a pervasive and persistent part of their reality.

對一些人來說，

這是他們現實人生中 很普遍且反覆不斷的一部分。

And for most of these people --

而這些人當中，絕大多數——

98 percent according to some studies --

根據一些研究，是 98% ——

most of these people will never speak up and tell their employer.

絕大多數永遠都不會說出來， 不會告訴他們的僱主。

Too often, harassment and discrimination is a lonely and isolating experience,

騷擾和歧視太常是一種孤獨 且讓人孤立的經驗了，

but we need to help people out from under their desks.

但我們得要協助大家從他們 躲藏的桌子底下走出來。

We need to empower people to have a voice.

我們需要讓大家能夠發聲。

The reasonable first question that everybody asks

任何人，一旦被騷擾了， 會問的第一個合理問題就是：

once they've been harassed is "What do I do now?"

「我現在該怎麼辦？」

And this is what I want to help you with.

這就是我想要協助各位的地方。

Navigating the barriers to reporting can be absolutely dizzying.

在舉報的阻礙之中找路 是會讓人昏頭轉向的。

How can we speak up in a society

在這個太常會將我們的經驗汙名化

that too often discredits or diminishes our experiences?

或貶低的社會上， 我們要如何說出來？

How can we speak up in a society

在這個很可能覺得 我們罪有應得的社會上，

that is likely to be retributive towards us?

我們要如何說出來？

How can we deal with the silencing that goes on all around us?

我們要如何處理 我們身邊無所不在的沉默？

Making matters worse,

更糟糕的是，

often our memories are the only evidence we have of what happened.

通常，對於所發生的事， 我們的記憶是我們的唯一證據。

Now, here's where I can come in.

這就是我派上用場的地方。

I'm a memory scientist,

我是記憶科學家，我的專長是

and I specialize in how we remember important emotional events.

我們如何記得重要的情緒事件。

I've particularly focused on how the memory interview process

我特別著重在記憶訪談過程

can severely impact the evidentiary quality of reports that we produce.

會如何嚴重影響我們舉報的 報告內容的證據品質。

A bad interview can lead you to forget details or misremember them

很差的訪談會讓你 忘掉細節或是記錯細節，

while a good interview can forever change your life for the better.

而好的訪談能永遠改變 你的人生，讓它變得更好。

After looking at lab reports and working,

在看了實驗室報告，

並探究了這個議題在法庭上 及研究環境中的狀況後，

studying this issue both in the courtroom and in research settings,

I've dissected all the different things that can go wrong with our memories

我徹底剖析了我們記憶中 可能會出錯的各種事物，

that can really threaten your case.

可能會威脅到 你的案件的各種事物。

And now I'm turning my attention to helping people tackle

現在，我把我的注意力 轉到協助人們處理

recording and reporting of workplace harassment and discrimination.

工作場所騷擾和歧視 事件的記錄和舉報。

There's three things that I've learned from my research on this

從我對這個議題做的研究中， 我學到三件事，

that you can immediately apply

各位可以立刻拿來應用，

if you've been harassed or discriminated against at work.

如果你曾經在工作時 被騷擾或歧視過。

I want to help you turn your memory into evidence --

我想要協助你們， 將你們的記憶轉為證據——

evidence that even a memory skeptic like me

成為即使是我這種對記憶很多疑的人

is unlikely to find fault with.

都不太可能挑出毛病的證據。

First of all, James Comey had it right.

首先，詹姆士柯米是對的。

The former head of the FBI used to sit in his car,

他是前任聯邦調查局長，以前，

在和總統開完會之後， 他會把自己鎖在車內，

lock himself in after meetings with the president

and write down absolutely everything he could remember about what happened.

盡可能寫下他對剛才 發生的事所記得的一切。

The now-famous recordings proved to be quite useful later on.

這些現在非常有名的記錄， 後來已經被證明是相當有用的。

Be like Comey.

要效法柯米。

Now, you don't need to lock yourself into your car to do this,

你不用把自己鎖在 你的車裡，也可以做到，

but please, immediately after something happens,

但，拜託，

在事情發生之後要立刻做，

I want you to contemporaneously record what happened.

我希望你能同時 記錄下發生了什麼事。

And do this before talking to anyone else about it.

且要在和任何人 談這件事之前就先去做。

Because as soon as your share your story

因為一旦你將你的故事分享 給朋友、家人、同事，或治療師，

with friends or family or colleagues or therapists,

you have the potential to distort or change your memory of the event.

你就有可能會扭曲或改變 你對那件事的記憶。

Uncontaminated, contemporaneous evidence is worth gold.

未受污染且同時記錄下來的 證據是非常有價值的。

Second: the type of evidence matters.

第二：證據的類型很重要。

Sure, you can do a handwritten note of what happens,

當然，你可以用手寫下發生的經過，

but how do you prove when you wrote it?

但你要如何證明你是何時寫下的？

Instead, pull out your computer or smartphone

換個方式，拿出你的 電腦或智慧手機，

and make a note that's time-stamped,

建立一個有時間記錄的筆記，

where you can prove this was recorded at this time.

讓你可以證明你是 在這個時間點記錄的。

Contemporaneous, time-stamped evidence is better.

同時間記錄下來且附有 時間資訊的證據是比較好的。

Finally, make sure what you're writing down is actually relevant.

最後，要確保你寫下的內容

是相關且重要的。

Too often, we see that people bring out Facebook messages,

太常見的狀況是， 人們會拿出臉書訊息，

they bring out time-stamped pieces of evidence,

他們會拿出有時間資訊的證據片段，

but sure, they're not particularly relevant,

但，當然，這些訊息 不特別重要，不特別有用。

they're not particularly useful.

It's easy to write an emotional, unstructured account of what happened --

對於發生的事，我們很容易 寫下情緒化、沒結構的敘述——

understandable because it's an emotional experience --

可以理解，因為這個經歷 本身就很情緒化——

but those might not actually be the details that matter later on

但在之後，對於調查而言， 這些內容不見得是重要的細節。

for an investigation.

Write down this list.

寫下這張清單。

I want you to keep track of this and simply fill in the blanks.

我希望你們能記錄下這些， 只要填寫空白處即可。

First of all, what happened?

首先，發生了什麼事？

In as much detail as possible,

盡可能寫詳細點，描述當時的情況，

describe the situation,

and do it on the day it happened if at all possible.

如果有可能，在發生的當天就做。

Second, who was there?

第二，有誰在現場？ 有任何目擊者嗎？

Were there any witnesses?

This becomes crucial potentially later on.

之後，這項資訊有可能會非常關鍵。

What exact time and date did this happen?

發生的確切日期和時間是？

What location? Where did this happen?

什麼地方？這件事在哪裡發生的？

Who did you tell after the event?

在事後你告訴了誰？

How did it make you feel during and after it happened?

在件事發生時和發生後， 你有什麼感覺？

And is there any other evidence such as WhatsApps, photos or emails

有沒有其他證據，

比如 WhatsApps 訊息、 照片，或電子郵件，

that might lend more credibility to your case.

可能可以讓你的案件更有可信度？

These are all details that are incredibly easy to record contemporaneously

這些都是很容易 同時記錄下來的細節，

but are also incredibly easy to forget later on.

但也是後來很容易忘記的細節。

Humans, according to research, often overestimate their ability

根據研究，人類通常會高估自己

to remember important emotional details later on.

在後來記得重要 情緒細節資訊的能力。

Assume that you're going to forget.

假設你之後會忘記。

Assume you have to write it down.

假設你必須要寫下來。

Now, these three pieces of advice are a good start,

這三項建議是個好的開始，

but of course they don't overcome a lot of the other barriers to reporting.

但，當然，它們無法克服舉報時 會遇到的許多其他障礙。

According to the Equality and Human Rights Commission,

「平等及人權委員會」在 2018 年

which published a report in 2018,

發佈了一份報告，報告指出，

there's one key recommendation to overcome some of the other fears

有一項關鍵的建議，可以克服

和「向你的僱主舉報 這類事件」相關的恐懼。

often associated with reporting these kinds of incidents to your employer.

One piece of advice that they made?

他們的建議是什麼？

Have an online, anonymous reporting tool.

使用一種線上、暱名的舉報工具。

Only that way, they say,

他們說，只有這種方式，

can you truly overcome many of the fears associated with reporting.

你才有可能真正克服 和舉報相關的恐懼。

Now, in line with this,

配合這個想法，

and informed by what was happening all around me

再加上我身邊發生的事 給我的資訊，

and taking and applying the memory science,

並將我多年來一直在研究的

the science that I had been doing for many years,

記憶科學拿出來應用，

I sat down with a number of people

我和一些人坐下來談，

and we together created TalkToSpot.com.

我們合作創立了 TalkToSpot.com。

Spot is an online, anonymous reporting tool

Spot 是一種線上暱名舉報工具，

that helps you record and report workplace harassment and discrimination.

讓你能記錄和舉報 工作場所的騷擾和歧視。

It allows you to do it anonymously,

你可以暱名使用它， 使用它是免費的，

it allows you to do it for free,

and it's completely evidence-based.

且它完全是以證據為根據。

You don't have to talk to a person,

你不需要和任何人對談， 不用害怕會被評斷，

there's no fear of judgment,

and you can do it whenever and wherever you need.

任何時候、任何地方， 只要有需要都可以使用它。

Now you have the power to walk through an evidence-based memory interview.

現在，你有能力可以通過

一場以證據為根據的記憶訪談。

Now, this is called a cognitive interview.

這叫做認知訪談。

This is the same technique that police use when they're doing their job properly.

警方如果有妥當地做他們的工作， 他們也會用到同樣這項技巧。

So in best-case scenarios,

所以，在最好的情況下，

people who are being asked about important emotional events

當要詢問人關於重要 情緒事件的相關問題時，

are being asked in line with the cognitive interview.

要用符合認知訪談的方式來問。

Now, this walks you through all the relevant information

這種方式能帶你回顧 所有相關的重要資訊，

so that at the end, after you've talked to the bot --

最終，在你和機器人談過之後——

which is an automatic messaging system --

機器人就是一個自動 發送訊息的系統——

after you've talked to the bot,

和機器人談過之後，

it generates a PDF record that's time-stamped and securely signed

它會產出一個 PDF 記錄， 附有時間資訊及安全簽章，

that you can keep for yourself as evidence in case you want to share it later,

你可以自己留下來當作證據， 後續可以拿來使用，

or you can submit it to your employer right away.

或者，你可以馬上 把它提交給你的僱主。

And in line with recommendations,

也跟建議的一樣，

you can submit it to your employer anonymously.

你可以暱名提交給你的僱主。

But a reporting tool is only as useful as the audience that's listening.

但是，只有在觀眾願意傾聽的 情況下，舉報工具才會有用。

So if your employer is truly committed to change,

所以，如果你的僱主 真的有心想要改變，

we've decided to also offer them the tool to respond.

我們也決定要提供他們 用來回應的工具。

So if organizations work with us

如果組織與我們合作，

and are truly committed to doing something

且真的有心想要為工作地點 騷擾和歧視貢獻一份心力，

about workplace harassment and discrimination,

they're also able to respond to you even if you've chosen to stay anonymous.

那麼，即使你選擇保持暱名， 他們也能夠對你做出回應。

We think it's important that you can work together with your employer

我們認為，很重要的一點， 就是你要能和你的僱主合作

to tackle this issue.

處理這個議題。

We think that everybody wins when we bring light into this dark issue.

我們認為，當我們把光線帶給 這個黑暗的議題，大家都是贏家。

Whether it happens to you or to someone you know,

不論它是發生在你 或是你認識的人身上，

recording and reporting what happened

將發生的事記錄下來並舉報出去，

can really improve how we talk about these issues.

能夠真正改善 我們如何談論這些議題。

And if you're an organization,

如果你是一個組織，這是一項呼籲，

this is a call to give your employees access

請讓你的員工能夠取得

to better and more effective reporting mechanisms.

更好且更有效的舉報機制。

We know that the current methods that are used in most organizations

我們知道，目前大部分組織

採用的方法並不是很有效。

don't work effectively.

It's time to change that if you're committed to inclusion and diversity.

若你願意對全面性和多樣性貢獻心力， 那就該是改變的時候了，

It's time for us to celebrate our diversity.

該是我們讚頌我們的 多樣性的時候了。

It's time for us to give a voice

該是我們給予那些 長期以來都被否認的人

to those who have for too long been denied one.

一個發聲機會的時候了。

It's time for us to celebrate those who come forward,

對於那些即使覺得 自己應該要保持暱名——

even if they feel they need to stay anonymous --

隱密地做舉報—— 卻仍然選擇站出來的人，

to stay masked to do so.

該是我們讚頌他們的時候了。

It's time for a reporting revolution.

該是發起舉報革命的時候了。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）