A memory scientist's advice on reporting harassment and discrimination | Julia Shaw

翻译人员: jacks peng 校对人员: Tianji (Homer) Li

Me Too and Time's Up have highlighted

“我也是”和“时间到了”这样的活动，

that harassment and discrimination are a shockingly common part

凸显了骚扰和歧视 在很多人的现实生活中

并不罕见，甚至还延续到了

of many people's lived reality,

and that this reality extends into the workplace.

工作场所，这很令人震惊。

Whether in tech or finance, sports or the service industry,

不管在科技还是金融， 体育或其他服务行业，

每天我们似乎都会听到另一个 关于在工作场所滥用权力，

every day we seem to hear another story about an abuse of power

or another grossly inappropriate workplace behavior.

或者表现出不当行为的故事。

People are furious.

人们非常愤怒。

They're taking to Twitter and social media to voice that this must change.

他们在推特和其他 社交媒体上呼吁改变现状。

But it's time to move beyond the hashtag.

但现在，是时候在话题标签 之外采取更进一步的行动了。

It's time for us to report harassment and discrimination

是时候将骚扰和歧视行为举报给那些

to those who can fix this mess.

能够解决这些问题的人了。

And it's time for us to talk about harassment

也是时候，让我们以更广泛的方式

in a more inclusive way:

讨论骚扰：

not just about sexual harassment,

除了性骚扰，

but to encourage people to come forward

同时也鼓励人们更进一步

about harassment and discrimination based on other characteristics

去讨论基于其他特征的骚扰和歧视，

such as age, disability or ethnicity.

比如针对年龄，残疾或种族的歧视。

Because only together can we fix

因为只有团结起来，我们才能修正

the underlying causes and consequences of harassment.

骚扰背后的原因和所导致的后果。

You see, most of us will,

很明显，我们大多数人，

at some point in our lives,

在生活中的某些时候，

experience workplace harassment or discrimination.

多多少少会遭受办公室骚扰或歧视。

Research shows that particularly women, people of color

研究显示，尤其是女性，有色人群，

and people who openly identify as LGBTQI are likely to be targeted,

以及公开承认自己是LGBTQI的 人群更容易成为攻击目标，

and for some people, this is a pervasive and persistent part of their reality.

对其中有些人，这是他们 现实生活中普遍且持久的一部分。

And for most of these people --

并且对于大部分这些人——

98 percent according to some studies --

根据一些研究，这个数字是98%——

most of these people will never speak up and tell their employer.

绝大部分人不会站出来向雇主举报。

Too often, harassment and discrimination is a lonely and isolating experience,

骚扰和歧视往往是一种 孤立和隔离的经历，

but we need to help people out from under their desks.

但我们需要帮助人们克服恐惧，

We need to empower people to have a voice.

我们需要赋予人们发声的权力。

The reasonable first question that everybody asks

一旦遭受了骚扰，

once they've been harassed is "What do I do now?"

多数人通常会问的一个问题是： “我现在应该做什么？”

And this is what I want to help you with.

这正是我想帮助你们的地方。

Navigating the barriers to reporting can be absolutely dizzying.

克服举报过程中的层层障碍 绝对会让人感动手足无措。

How can we speak up in a society

我们该如何在经常

抹黑或削弱我们经历的 社会中发出自己的声音？

that too often discredits or diminishes our experiences?

How can we speak up in a society

我们该如何在经常

that is likely to be retributive towards us?

把这些情况视为我们 罪有应得的社会中发出声音？

How can we deal with the silencing that goes on all around us?

我们该如何应对周遭的沉默？

Making matters worse,

更糟的是，

often our memories are the only evidence we have of what happened.

通常我们的记忆是发生过的 事情的唯一证据。

Now, here's where I can come in.

这就是我可以介入的地方。

I'm a memory scientist,

我是记忆科学家。

and I specialize in how we remember important emotional events.

我专门研究我们如何记住 重要的情感事件。

I've particularly focused on how the memory interview process

我特别关注记忆访谈过程

can severely impact the evidentiary quality of reports that we produce.

是如何严重影响我们在 举报中所列举的证据的质量。

A bad interview can lead you to forget details or misremember them

糟糕的访谈会让你 忘记或者记错细节，

while a good interview can forever change your life for the better.

而好的访谈会让你的 生活变得更好。

After looking at lab reports and working,

在看了实验报告，

studying this issue both in the courtroom and in research settings,

并在法庭和研究环境中 分析过这个问题后，

I've dissected all the different things that can go wrong with our memories

我已经剖析了我们记忆中 所有可能出错，

并真正会威胁到你的情况的东西。

that can really threaten your case.

And now I'm turning my attention to helping people tackle

现在我把注意力转向帮助人们

recording and reporting of workplace harassment and discrimination.

解决工作场所骚扰和歧视的 记录和举报问题。

There's three things that I've learned from my research on this

假如你在工作中 遭受了骚扰和歧视，

你可以立即应用

that you can immediately apply

if you've been harassed or discriminated against at work.

我在这项研究中学到的三点经验。

I want to help you turn your memory into evidence --

我想要帮助你们 把记忆变成证据——

evidence that even a memory skeptic like me

这种连我这样的证据怀疑者

is unlikely to find fault with.

都找不出漏洞的证据。

First of all, James Comey had it right.

首先，詹姆斯 · 科米是对的。

The former head of the FBI used to sit in his car,

这位前联邦调查局的局长 曾坐在自己的车上，

lock himself in after meetings with the president

在与总统的会面后 把自己反锁在车内，

and write down absolutely everything he could remember about what happened.

写下他能回想到的一切细节。

The now-famous recordings proved to be quite useful later on.

这段已经人尽皆知的录音 后来被证明非常有用。

Be like Comey.

大家可以像科米那样做。

Now, you don't need to lock yourself into your car to do this,

不过，你并不需要把自己 也这样锁在车内，

but please, immediately after something happens,

但我想请你在事情发生后

I want you to contemporaneously record what happened.

立刻记下发生了什么。

And do this before talking to anyone else about it.

在此之前，请不要 跟任何其他人谈论这件事。

Because as soon as your share your story

因为一旦你跟朋友或家人，

with friends or family or colleagues or therapists,

同事或诊疗师分享你的故事，

you have the potential to distort or change your memory of the event.

你就有可能扭曲或 改变你对事件的记忆。

Uncontaminated, contemporaneous evidence is worth gold.

未受污染的即时证据价值连城。

Second: the type of evidence matters.

第二点：证据的类型很关键。

Sure, you can do a handwritten note of what happens,

当然，你可以手写下发生的事情，

but how do you prove when you wrote it?

但你如何向人们证明 你写下的时间？

Instead, pull out your computer or smartphone

反之，拿出你的电脑或智能手机，

and make a note that's time-stamped,

然后做个有时间戳的笔记，

where you can prove this was recorded at this time.

这样你就能够证明是 在这个时间记录的。

Contemporaneous, time-stamped evidence is better.

即时的，有时间戳的证据要更好。

Finally, make sure what you're writing down is actually relevant.

最后，确保你所写下的 内容是切实相关的。

Too often, we see that people bring out Facebook messages,

往往，我们看到 人们拿出脸书消息，

they bring out time-stamped pieces of evidence,

他们拿出标有时间戳的证据，

but sure, they're not particularly relevant,

但遗憾的是，这些证据不是特别相关，

they're not particularly useful.

起不到显著的作用。

It's easy to write an emotional, unstructured account of what happened --

对所发生的事写下一篇情绪化， 没条理的描述是很容易的——

understandable because it's an emotional experience --

这一点可以理解，因为 这是一段情感经历——

but those might not actually be the details that matter later on

但这可能并不是以后调查所需要的

for an investigation.

重要细节。

Write down this list.

写下这个清单。

I want you to keep track of this and simply fill in the blanks.

我想让你们记住这一点， 只需要填空就好。

First of all, what happened?

首先，发生了什么？

In as much detail as possible,

要尽可能详细的

描述当时的情景，

describe the situation,

and do it on the day it happened if at all possible.

如果可能的话，在事情 发生的当天就去做。

Second, who was there?

第二，谁在那里？

Were there any witnesses?

有没有目击者？

This becomes crucial potentially later on.

这一点在后续可能会变得至关重要。

What exact time and date did this happen?

事情发生的确切时间和日期是什么？

What location? Where did this happen?

还有地点。发生在哪里？

Who did you tell after the event?

事情发生后，你告诉了谁？

How did it make you feel during and after it happened?

事情发生时和发生后， 你感受如何？

And is there any other evidence such as WhatsApps, photos or emails

有没有诸如WhatsApp，照片或 电子邮件这样的任何其他证据

that might lend more credibility to your case.

可以让你的经历更加可信？

These are all details that are incredibly easy to record contemporaneously

这些都是非常容易 即时记录下来的细节，

but are also incredibly easy to forget later on.

但也可能很快就被忘记了。

Humans, according to research, often overestimate their ability

有研究表明，人类往往高估了他们

to remember important emotional details later on.

后续回想起重要情感细节的能力。

Assume that you're going to forget.

那就要假设你会忘记，

Assume you have to write it down.

假设你必须把它写下来。

Now, these three pieces of advice are a good start,

这三个建议开了个好头，

but of course they don't overcome a lot of the other barriers to reporting.

不过当然，它们没法克服 举报过程中的许多其他障碍。

According to the Equality and Human Rights Commission,

根据人权和平等委员会

which published a report in 2018,

2018 年发布的报告，

there's one key recommendation to overcome some of the other fears

有一个重要建议可以帮助你克服

often associated with reporting these kinds of incidents to your employer.

向雇主举报此类事件时 经常出现的其他一些恐惧。

One piece of advice that they made?

他们提出了一条什么样的建议呢？

Have an online, anonymous reporting tool.

使用在线的匿名举报工具。

Only that way, they say,

他们说，只有这样，

can you truly overcome many of the fears associated with reporting.

你才能真正克服与 举报相关的许多恐惧。

Now, in line with this,

有了这一点，

and informed by what was happening all around me

并且了解了周遭发生的一切，

and taking and applying the memory science,

同时采纳并应用记忆科学，

the science that I had been doing for many years,

这个我从事了多年的科学，

I sat down with a number of people

我跟许多人

and we together created TalkToSpot.com.

联合创建了TalkToSpot.com。

Spot is an online, anonymous reporting tool

Spot是个在线的匿名举报工具，

that helps you record and report workplace harassment and discrimination.

可以帮助你记录和 举报工作场所的骚扰和歧视。

It allows you to do it anonymously,

你可以匿名使用，

it allows you to do it for free,

完全免费，

and it's completely evidence-based.

并且是完全基于证据的。

You don't have to talk to a person,

你不需要跟人谈话，

there's no fear of judgment,

不必担心别人的评判，

and you can do it whenever and wherever you need.

也可以随时随地使用。

Now you have the power to walk through an evidence-based memory interview.

现在你有了接受基于证据的 记忆访谈的能力。

Now, this is called a cognitive interview.

这被称为认知访谈。

This is the same technique that police use when they're doing their job properly.

这跟警察正常工作时 采用的是同一种技巧。

So in best-case scenarios,

所以在最好的情况下，

people who are being asked about important emotional events

经历重要感情事件的人

会被用类似认知访谈的方式进行询问。

are being asked in line with the cognitive interview.

Now, this walks you through all the relevant information

这个工具会引导你 浏览所有相关信息，

so that at the end, after you've talked to the bot --

所以最后，在你跟机器人谈完后——

也就是自动消息系统——

which is an automatic messaging system --

after you've talked to the bot,

在你跟机器人聊完后，

它会生成带时间戳和 安全签名的PDF记录，

it generates a PDF record that's time-stamped and securely signed

that you can keep for yourself as evidence in case you want to share it later,

可以保存下来作为证据 以免你后面想要分享，

or you can submit it to your employer right away.

或者立刻向你的雇主提交。

And in line with recommendations,

根据建议，

you can submit it to your employer anonymously.

你也可以匿名向你的雇主提交。

But a reporting tool is only as useful as the audience that's listening.

但一个举报工具只有在 听众愿意倾听时才有用。

So if your employer is truly committed to change,

所以如果你的雇主真的想要改变，

we've decided to also offer them the tool to respond.

我们已经决定也为他们 提供回应工具。

So if organizations work with us

所以如果各个组织与我们合作，

and are truly committed to doing something

真正对办公室骚扰

about workplace harassment and discrimination,

和歧视做点事情，

they're also able to respond to you even if you've chosen to stay anonymous.

他们也能够回应你， 即便你选择匿名。

We think it's important that you can work together with your employer

我们认为，你能够跟雇主 一起努力来解决这个问题

to tackle this issue.

是非常重要的。

We think that everybody wins when we bring light into this dark issue.

我们认为，当我们为解决这一问题 带来曙光，每个人都是受益者。

Whether it happens to you or to someone you know,

不管这件事发生在你身上， 还是发生在你认识的人身上，

记录和举报发生的事情

recording and reporting what happened

can really improve how we talk about these issues.

可以真正改善我们 如何谈论这些问题。

And if you're an organization,

如果你是个组织，

this is a call to give your employees access

这是一个让你的员工接触

to better and more effective reporting mechanisms.

更好，更有效的举报机制的倡议。

We know that the current methods that are used in most organizations

我们知道大部分组织 目前所使用的方法

don't work effectively.

不是很有效。

It's time to change that if you're committed to inclusion and diversity.

如果你致力于包容和多样性， 那么是时候改变这种状况了。

It's time for us to celebrate our diversity.

是时候庆祝我们的多样性了。

It's time for us to give a voice

现在是为那些长期以来

to those who have for too long been denied one.

被剥夺发言权的人 发声的时候了。

It's time for us to celebrate those who come forward,

现在是赞美那些挺身而出，

even if they feel they need to stay anonymous --

即使他们觉得需要保持匿名——

to stay masked to do so.

隐姓埋名的举报者的时候了。

It's time for a reporting revolution.

是时候进行一场举报的革命了。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（鼓掌，呐喊）