3 ways to uproot a culture of corruption | Wanjira Mathai

Prevodilac: Stefan Vesić Lektor: Milenka Okuka

Have you ever been robbed?

Jesu li vas ikada pokrali

Or had something you value forcibly taken from you

ili vam silom oteli nešto što vam je bitno

against your will?

protiv vaše volje?

It's violating.

Osećate se prevareno.

Feelings of fury, of assault

Osećate bes, osećate se uvređeno

and of helplessness.

i osećate se bespomoćno.

That's what corruption feels like.

Korupcija budi ta osećanja.

Corruption is theft.

Korupcija je krađa.

It is corrosive,

Ona je nagrizajuća,

it is criminal,

to je zločin;

it is toxic

ona je toksična

and it is predatory.

i ona uvek vreba.

Now, I'm from Kenya,

Ja sam iz Kenije,

and in Kenya, corruption takes different forms.

a u Keniji korupcija ima različite oblike.

I want to share the story of Karura Forest with you.

Želim da podelim sa vama priču o šumi Karura.

This is my hometown of Nairobi.

Ovo je moj rodni grad Najrobi.

I love Nairobi. It's beautiful.

Volim Najrobi. Prelep je.

But it is a city of paradoxes.

Ali je grad pun paradoksa.

It is at once beautiful

On je ujedno i prelep

and challenging.

i težak za život.

But at the heart of this beautiful city

Međutim, u srcu ovog divnog grada

that I call home

koji ja zovem domom

is Karura Forest,

nalazi se šuma Karura,

an oasis of green, expansive beauty that would be the envy of any city anywhere.

prelepa, prostrana oaza puna zelenila kojoj bi pozavideo svaki grad na svetu.

We almost lost Karura Forest to corruption.

Malo je falilo da izgubimo Karuru zbog korupcije.

Word has reached my mother, Wangari Maathai,

Informacija je došla do moje majke Vangari Matai

that Karura Forest is under attack.

da je Karura napadnuta.

There was a construction site coming up right in the middle of the forest.

Podizalo se gradilište u samom centru šume.

Government officials had stolen the forest.

Državni službenici su ukrali šumu.

They had divided, sold and gifted hundreds of parcels of Karura

Podelili su, prodali i dali stotine Karurinih parcela

to their friends and cronies.

svojim prijateljima i saradnicima.

Now in 1977,

Godine 1977,

my mother founded the Green Belt Movement

moja majka je osnovala pokret Zeleni pojas

to plant trees across Kenya,

koji će saditi drveće širom Kenije,

restore green spaces

obnoviti i štititi

and protect green spaces, much like Karura Forest.

zelene površine, kao što je slučaj sa Karurom.

She got together her friends and allies,

Okupila je svoje prijatelje i istomišljenike

and together, they created what became

i zajedno sa njima napravila nešto što će postati

one of the most successful tree-planting campaigns in the world.

jedna od najuspešnijih akcija sadnje drveća na svetu.

It was therefore no surprise

Stoga nije ni čudo

that when word got to her that Karura was under attack,

da su, kada je ona čula da je Karura napadnuta,

they immediately sprang into action.

oni odmah reagovali.

They battled police and hired goons

Borili su se sa policijom i plaćenicima

to stop the theft of this forest.

da bi zaustavili krađu ove šume.

But fortunately, there was an uprising of support

Srećom, dobili su ogromnu podršku

from the clergy, politicians, students and the general public,

sveštenstva, političara, studenata i šire javnosti,

all of whom came out to say no to corruption and greed.

koji su istupili da kažu ne korupciji i pohlepi.

And pretty soon, that support was too strong and intense

Ubrzo je ta podrška bila previše jaka i moćna

for the authorities to subdue.

da bi je vlasti savladale

And Karura Forest was saved.

i Karura je spašena.

In the 2000s, I joined my mother in the Green Belt Movement

Pridružila sam se svojoj majci 2000-ih u pokretu Zeleni pojas

and witnessed the growth of the movement's advocacy activities,

i videla povećanje u broju aktivnosti za propagiranje pokreta,

its expansion beyond Kenya

njegovo širenje van granica Kenije

and an extremely important growing consensus

i izuzetno bitno sve veće slaganje

around the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize that she received --

oko Nobelove nagrade za mir koju je dobila 2004. godine -

that the environment, democracy and peace were inextricably linked.

da su životna sredina, demokratija i mir neraskidivo povezani.

I also learned that what my mother had faced that many years ago

Takođe sam shvatila da to sa čime se moja majka suočila pre mnogo godina

trying to protect Karura Forest

pokušavajući da odbrani Karuru

was not an isolated incident.

nije bio izolovani slučaj.

The corruption and greed that manifested itself then

Korupcija i pohlepa koje su izašle na videlo tada

is alive and well today,

žive i danas,

from greedy politicians and public servants

u pohlepnim političarima i javnim službenicima

willing to loot public coffers

koji su spremni da kradu iz državne kase

at their expense.

za svoj račun.

Corruption is everywhere.

Korupcija je svuda.

Now, corruption is devastating to any economy, democracy

Korupcija je štetna po svaku ekonomiju, demokratiju

and the environment.

i životnu sredinu.

It robs citizens of vital social services

Ona oduzima građanima ključne društvene usluge

and renders human life worthless.

i čini ljudski život bezvrednim.

When young men are willing

Kada su mladi muškarci spremni

to join gangs

da se priključe bandama

and brutalize their communities

i da uništavaju svoje zajednice

for a small fee,

za malu nadoknadu,

and women are raped on the way to work,

kada žene siluju na putu do posla,

and, when they report this,

a kada prijave to

the perpetrators bribe their way out of jail,

krivci putem mita izbegnu zatvorsku kaznu,

and when young girls have to sell their bodies

i kada mlade devojke moraju da prodaju svoja tela

to buy sanitary towels,

da bi kupile uloške,

you know the society is broken.

tada znate da društvo ne funkcioniše kako treba.

In recent years, Kenya has been ranked

Zadnjih godina, Kenija se nalazi

amongst the top 10 most corrupt countries in the world.

među 10 zemalja sa najvećom stopom korupcije na svetu.

Even more frustrating for me is that Kenya loses

Ono što me još više frustrira jeste to što Kenija gubi

a third of her national budget to corruption each year.

trećinu svog državnog budžeta zbog korupcije godišnje.

That is six billion dollars.

To je šest milijardi dolara.

It is totally unacceptable.

To je apsolutno neprihvatljivo.

In a country where anti-corruption efforts have been frustrated and ignored

U zemlji gde se pokušaji borbe protiv korupcije obeshrabruju, ignorišu

and interfered with,

i ometaju,

we absolutely need new strategies for dealing with this vice.

apsolutno su nam potrebne nove strategije za borbu protiv ovog poroka.

We cannot complain forever.

Ne možemo doveka da se žalimo,

We either decide that we're going to live with it

ili ćemo odlučiti da živimo sa tim

or we are going to change it.

ili ćemo da promenimo nešto.

There's some good news.

Ima dobrih vesti.

Human beings are not born corrupt.

Ljudi se ne rađaju pokvareni.

At some point, these behaviors are fostered by a culture

U nekom trenutku, ovakvo ponašanje se podstiče u kulturi

that promotes individual gain over collective progress.

koja promoviše individualnu dobit umesto napretka zajednice.

So if we're going to uproot corruption,

Stoga, ako ćemo iskoreniti korupciju,

we have got to start before it ever takes root.

moramo početi sa tim pre nego što uhvati korenje.

We have got to intervene early.

Moramo da reagujemo u ranoj fazi.

I don't know about your country,

Ne znam za vašu zemlju,

but where I come from,

ali tamo odakle ja dolazim

youth will lead us into the future.

mladi ljudi nas vode u budućnost.

In Kenya today, 80 percent of the population is under the age of 35.

U Keniji danas 80% stanovništva ima ispod 35 godina.

But by their own admission, they have conflicting values.

Međutim, oni sami priznaju da imaju sukobljene vrednosti.

Fifty-eight percent of young people in Kenya recently told us

Pedeset osam posto mladih ljudi u Keniji nedavno nam je reklo

they will do anything to make money.

da će uraditi sve za novac.

An additional 45 percent said

Dodatnih 45% reklo je

corruption is a legitimate tool for doing business.

da je korupcija legitimno sredstvo u poslovanju.

Seventy-three percent

Sedamdeset tri posto

said they would not be willing to stand up for what they believe in

reklo je da nisu spremni da se bore za ono u šta veruju

for fear of retribution.

zbog straha od odmazde.

What I learned from my mother

Ono što sam naučila od svoje majke

a few years ago

pre par godina

was this concept of "the power of one" --

jeste koncept „moći pojedinca“ -

that each of us can be potent agents of change

da svako od nas može u velikoj meri da doprinese promeni

and that together, we are a force,

i da smo zajedno jedna sila;

that if we put our hands together, we can change the situation

da ako stanemo jedni uz druge možemo da promenimo situaciju

and no problem is too big.

i da nema prevelikih problema.

My mother understood this so profoundly

Moja majka je toliko duboko verovala u ovo

that it was at the center of her work.

da je to bilo u centru njenog rada.

Shifting cultures takes patience, persistence and commitment,

Za menjanje kulture potrebno je strpljenje, upornost i posvećenost

and it is extremely slow and deep work.

i to je izuzetno spor i temeljan posao.

But if we are going to shift a culture, we have got to get that work started.

Ali ako ćemo menjati kulturu moramo početi jednom sa tim.

And in the time since her passing, we have established a foundation in her name

Nakon smrti moje majke, osnovali smo fondaciju u njeno ime

to do exactly that

koja će da radi baš to,

but to work with young people and children

da radi sa mladim ljudima i decom,

to begin to build character and personal leadership,

da počne da gradi karakter i osobinu vođstva,

to inspire purpose and integrity.

da podstiče osećaj svrhe i integritet.

But fighting corruption is not as easy as saying corruption is bad.

Međutim, borba protiv korupcije ne znači samo reći da je korupcija loša.

Now, here are three strategies that we are employing

Ovo su tri strategije koje mi koristimo

that we believe can be replicated in any school community.

za koje verujemo da mogu da se primene u svakoj školskoj zajednici.

First, we must understand the why:

Kao prvo, moramo da razumemo razlog

Why does corruption happen in the first place?

zašto uopšte dolazi do korupcije.

Do we call it for what it is -- theft --

Da li je nazivamo onim što jeste, krađom

or do we gloss over it with other words?

ili je maskiramo nekim drugim rečima?

When young children are able to model what it looks and feels like

Kada mlada deca mogu da vide i osete

to deal with corruption,

kako je to suočavati se sa korupcijom,

they are likely, when faced with a dilemma in their future,

velika je verovatnoća da će, kada se sretnu sa dilemom u budućnosti,

to model what they've been taught.

iskoristiti to što su naučili.

Second, we need to teach character explicitly.

Kao drugo, moramo jasno da učimo decu o karakteru.

Now, this may seem obvious,

Možda se čini da je ovo očigledno,

but a child who exhibits a growth mindset

ali dete koje ispoljava mentalitet usmeren ka rastu

and a sense of self-control

i ima osećaj za samokontrolu

is self-confident.

je samouvereno dete,

And a self-confident child is likely to stand up for what they believe.

a velika je verovatnoća da će se samouvereno dete

boriti za ono u šta veruje.

Kao treće, moramo da naučimo našu decu kako da budu vođe još u detinjstvu.

Third, we need to build personal leadership in our children early

to give them an opportunity to know what it looks like

da im damo mogućnost da znaju kako izgleda

to call corruption out when they see it,

ukazati na korupciju kada je vide,

what it feels like to stand up and be counted when they're needed

kakav je osećaj zauzeti se za nešto i kada na njih neko računa

and, for me, to make the more and most important connection

i, za mene najvažnije,

between human suffering on one hand

da povežu ljudsku patnju, sa jedne strane,

and corruption, greed and selfishness on the other.

sa korupcijom, pohlepom i samoživošću, sa druge.

We have got to believe in our capacity

Moramo da verujemo u našu sposobnost

to bring about the future we want to see,

da možemo da stvorimo budućnost koju želimo,

each of us in our small way.

svako od nas po malo, na svoj način.

Young people must believe

Mladi ljudi moraju da veruju

that a new reality is possible.

da je nova stvarnost moguća.

Corruption, climate change,

Korupcija, klimatske promene,

ecosystem collapse, biodiversity loss --

propast ekosistema, gubitak biološke raznovrsnosti -

all these issues need leadership.

za rešavanje svih ovih problema potrebne su vođe.

And in the words of Baba Dioum of Senegal,

Kao što bi Baba Dioum iz Senegala rekao:

"In the final analysis,

„Na kraju,

we will conserve

čuvaćemo samo ono što volimo,

only what we love,

we will love

volećemo samo ono što razumemo,

only what we understand

and we will understand

a razumećemo samo ono čemu smo naučeni.“

only what we are taught."

Thank you.

Hvala!

(Applause)

(Aplauz)