3 ways to uproot a culture of corruption | Wanjira Mathai

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Yi-Hsuan Wu

Have you ever been robbed?

你有被搶劫過嗎？

Or had something you value forcibly taken from you

或者有某樣東西你視若珍寶，

卻在你不情願的情況下被奪去？

against your will?

It's violating.

那就是侵犯。

Feelings of fury, of assault

你會感到憤怒、飽受攻擊，

and of helplessness.

而且無助。

That's what corruption feels like.

貪腐就是這種感覺。

Corruption is theft.

貪腐就是竊盜。

It is corrosive,

它具有侵蝕性，

it is criminal,

是種犯罪，

it is toxic

它有毒，

and it is predatory.

而且具有掠奪性。

Now, I'm from Kenya,

我來自肯亞，

and in Kenya, corruption takes different forms.

在肯亞，貪腐的形式不同。

I want to share the story of Karura Forest with you.

我想跟各位分享一個 關於卡魯拉森林的故事。

This is my hometown of Nairobi.

這是我的家鄉奈洛比。

I love Nairobi. It's beautiful.

我愛奈洛比。它很美麗。

But it is a city of paradoxes.

但它是個充滿矛盾的城市。

It is at once beautiful

奈洛比既美麗，

and challenging.

又富有挑戰性。

But at the heart of this beautiful city

但這個美麗城市的核心，

that I call home

也就是我的家鄉，

is Karura Forest,

是卡魯拉森林，

an oasis of green, expansive beauty that would be the envy of any city anywhere.

它是一片廣大又翠綠的美麗綠洲，

足以讓任何地方的城市嫉妒。

We almost lost Karura Forest to corruption.

因為貪腐，我們幾乎 失去了卡魯拉森林。

Word has reached my mother, Wangari Maathai,

我母親旺加里馬塔伊聽說

that Karura Forest is under attack.

卡魯拉森林正在遭受攻擊。

There was a construction site coming up right in the middle of the forest.

森林的正中央即將變成一個工地。

Government officials had stolen the forest.

政府官員偷走了這片森林。

They had divided, sold and gifted hundreds of parcels of Karura

他們將卡魯拉森林切為數百份，

瓜分、販售、贈予

to their friends and cronies.

給他們的朋友和親信。

Now in 1977,

在1977 年，

my mother founded the Green Belt Movement

我母親發起了綠帶運動，

to plant trees across Kenya,

在肯亞各地種樹，

restore green spaces

恢復綠色空間，

and protect green spaces, much like Karura Forest.

並保護像卡魯拉森林 這樣的綠色空間。

She got together her friends and allies,

她集結了她的朋友和盟友，

and together, they created what became

他們一起創造的這個活動，

one of the most successful tree-planting campaigns in the world.

後來成為世界上 最成功的種樹活動之一。

It was therefore no surprise

因此這並不意外，

that when word got to her that Karura was under attack,

當她聽到卡魯拉森林受到攻擊時，

they immediately sprang into action.

他們馬上採取行動。

They battled police and hired goons

他們對抗警方、受僱的暴徒，

to stop the theft of this forest.

試圖阻止他們偷走這片森林。

But fortunately, there was an uprising of support

幸運的是，有其他人 也站出來表示支持，

from the clergy, politicians, students and the general public,

有神職人員、政治家、

學生，和一般大眾，

all of whom came out to say no to corruption and greed.

他們全都站出來， 對腐敗和貪婪說不。

And pretty soon, that support was too strong and intense

很快的，這些支持變得十分強大，

for the authorities to subdue.

讓當權機關無法壓制。

And Karura Forest was saved.

最終，卡魯拉森林得救了。

In the 2000s, I joined my mother in the Green Belt Movement

在 2000 年代，我加入 我母親的綠帶運動，

and witnessed the growth of the movement's advocacy activities,

見證了這項運動所倡導的活動 不斷成長茁壯，

its expansion beyond Kenya

並擴展到肯亞以外的地方，

and an extremely important growing consensus

在她得到了 2004 年 諾貝爾和平獎時，

around the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize that she received --

更激起了一種 極為重要的共識——

that the environment, democracy and peace were inextricably linked.

環境、民主、和平密不可分。

I also learned that what my mother had faced that many years ago

我也了解到，多年前， 我母親試圖保護

卡魯拉森林時所面臨的狀況

trying to protect Karura Forest

was not an isolated incident.

並不是個獨立事件。

The corruption and greed that manifested itself then

當時顯露出的腐敗和貪婪

is alive and well today,

至今仍然活得很好，

from greedy politicians and public servants

從貪婪的政客到公職人員，

willing to loot public coffers

他們願意付出代價

at their expense.

去掠劫國庫。

Corruption is everywhere.

貪腐無所不在。

Now, corruption is devastating to any economy, democracy

貪腐對任何經濟、民主，及環境，

都有很大的破壞性。

and the environment.

It robs citizens of vital social services

它會搶走人民的重要社會服務，

and renders human life worthless.

使得人命一文不值。

When young men are willing

當年輕人自願

to join gangs

去加入幫派，

and brutalize their communities

只為取得一點錢 就殘酷對待他們的社區，

for a small fee,

and women are raped on the way to work,

當女性在去工作的路上被強暴，

and, when they report this,

且她們舉報之後，

the perpetrators bribe their way out of jail,

這些犯罪者卻能用賄賂 躲避牢獄之災，

and when young girls have to sell their bodies

當年輕女孩必須要出賣自己的身體

to buy sanitary towels,

才能買到衛生棉，

you know the society is broken.

你就知道這個社會出問題了。

In recent years, Kenya has been ranked

近年來，在世界上 最腐敗的國家排行榜上，

amongst the top 10 most corrupt countries in the world.

肯亞一直位居前十。

Even more frustrating for me is that Kenya loses

更讓我感到挫折的是，

肯亞因為貪腐，每年會 失去三分之一的國家預算。

a third of her national budget to corruption each year.

That is six billion dollars.

也就是六十億美金。

It is totally unacceptable.

這讓人完全無法接受。

In a country where anti-corruption efforts have been frustrated and ignored

在這個國家，為反貪腐所做的努力

一直很挫敗、被忽視，且被干預，

and interfered with,

we absolutely need new strategies for dealing with this vice.

我們絕對需要新的策略 來處理這種惡習。

We cannot complain forever.

我們不能永遠都在抱怨。

We either decide that we're going to live with it

我們可以選擇繼續忍受它，

or we are going to change it.

或者去改變它。

There's some good news.

這有一些好消息。

Human beings are not born corrupt.

人類並不是生出來就會貪腐。

At some point, these behaviors are fostered by a culture

在某個時點，文化促成了這些

讓個人利益凌駕在 集體進步之上的行為。

that promotes individual gain over collective progress.

So if we're going to uproot corruption,

如果我們想根除貪腐，

we have got to start before it ever takes root.

就必須要在它生根之前著手。

We have got to intervene early.

我們必須要儘早干預。

I don't know about your country,

我不知道各位的國家如何， 但在我的家鄉，

but where I come from,

youth will lead us into the future.

年輕人會領導我們走入未來。

In Kenya today, 80 percent of the population is under the age of 35.

現今在肯亞，有八成的 人口不到三十五歲。

But by their own admission, they have conflicting values.

但，他們自己也承認， 他們的價值觀互相衝突。

Fifty-eight percent of young people in Kenya recently told us

近期有 58% 的肯亞年輕人

告訴我們，他們願不計代價來賺錢。

they will do anything to make money.

An additional 45 percent said

還有另外 45% 說

corruption is a legitimate tool for doing business.

貪腐是做生意的正當工具。

Seventy-three percent

73% 說他們不願意

said they would not be willing to stand up for what they believe in

為他們的信念站出來，

for fear of retribution.

因為他們害怕報復。

What I learned from my mother

幾年前，

a few years ago

我從我母親那裡學到

was this concept of "the power of one" --

「一個人的力量」這個概念——

that each of us can be potent agents of change

我們每一個人都是 能夠帶來改變的媒介，

and that together, we are a force,

同心協力，我們會成為一股勢力，

that if we put our hands together, we can change the situation

如果我們能手牽手， 我們就能改變情況，

and no problem is too big.

沒有問題會大到無法解決。

My mother understood this so profoundly

我母親非常深切了解這個概念，

that it was at the center of her work.

那是她工作的核心概念。

Shifting cultures takes patience, persistence and commitment,

轉變文化需要耐心、 堅持，和承諾，

and it is extremely slow and deep work.

且這是緩慢又深入的工作。

But if we are going to shift a culture, we have got to get that work started.

但，如果我們打算要改變文化， 我們就得要開始動手。

And in the time since her passing, we have established a foundation in her name

她過世後，我們用她的名字

成立了一個基金會來做這件事，

to do exactly that

but to work with young people and children

但我們要和年輕人及孩子合作，

to begin to build character and personal leadership,

開始打造品格和個人領導能力，

to inspire purpose and integrity.

激勵他們要有目標和要正直。

But fighting corruption is not as easy as saying corruption is bad.

但，說貪腐不好很容易， 要對抗貪腐就沒那麼容易了。

Now, here are three strategies that we are employing

我們採用了三項策略，

that we believe can be replicated in any school community.

我們相信這些策略也能 套用到任何學校團體。

First, we must understand the why:

第一，我們必須要了解為什麼：

Why does corruption happen in the first place?

最初為什麼會發生貪腐？

Do we call it for what it is -- theft --

我們會直接用它的本質 來稱呼它——偷竊——

or do we gloss over it with other words?

或者我們會用其他字詞來掩飾它？

When young children are able to model what it looks and feels like

當孩子能夠了解處理 貪腐看起來、感覺起來

是什麼樣子的，並模仿學習，

to deal with corruption,

they are likely, when faced with a dilemma in their future,

在未來面對兩難時，他們就有可能

to model what they've been taught.

做到學以致用。

Second, we need to teach character explicitly.

第二，我們必須要明確教導品格。

Now, this may seem obvious,

這點可能不用說也知道，

but a child who exhibits a growth mindset

但孩子的心態以及自我控制感

and a sense of self-control

若能有所成長，

is self-confident.

他們就會有自信。

And a self-confident child is likely to stand up for what they believe.

有自信的孩子就有可能 會為自己的信念站出來。

第三，

Third, we need to build personal leadership in our children early

我們要盡早幫孩子 建立個人領導能力，

to give them an opportunity to know what it looks like

讓他們有機會知道，在看見貪腐時

to call corruption out when they see it,

大聲說出來會是什麼樣子的，

what it feels like to stand up and be counted when they're needed

在被需要時他們能夠站出來 成為依靠，是什麼樣的感受，

and, for me, to make the more and most important connection

還有，對我來說， 要建立最重要的連結，

between human suffering on one hand

將人類苦難的這一端，

and corruption, greed and selfishness on the other.

和腐敗、貪婪、自私的 另一端連結起來。

We have got to believe in our capacity

我們必須要相信我們有能力

to bring about the future we want to see,

帶來我們所期望的未來，

each of us in our small way.

每個人都可以盡一份力。

Young people must believe

年輕人必須要相信

that a new reality is possible.

創造新的現實是有可能的。

Corruption, climate change,

貪腐、氣候變遷、

ecosystem collapse, biodiversity loss --

生態系統崩壞、 生物多樣性減少——

all these issues need leadership.

所有這些議題都需要領導能力。

And in the words of Baba Dioum of Senegal,

塞內加爾的巴巴迪奧姆說過：

"In the final analysis,

「歸根究底，

we will conserve

我們會去保有的，

only what we love,

只有我們所愛的；

we will love

我們會去愛的，

only what we understand

只有我們了解的；

and we will understand

而我們會去了解的，

only what we are taught."

只有我們曾被教導過的。」

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）