3 ways to uproot a culture of corruption | Wanjira Mathai

25,100 views ใƒป 2020-03-26

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shimon Rottenberg ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
Have you ever been robbed?
0
12766
1757
ื”ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื ืฉื“ื“ืชื?
00:15
Or had something you value forcibly taken from you
1
15577
4644
ืื• ื”ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืงืจ ืขืจืš ื ืœืงื— ืžื›ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—
00:20
against your will?
2
20245
1245
ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจืฆื•ื ื›ื?
00:21
It's violating.
3
21963
1350
ื–ื” ืžื—ืœืœ.
00:24
Feelings of fury, of assault
4
24297
3765
ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืขื, ืฉืœ ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช
00:28
and of helplessness.
5
28086
1751
ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื•ื ื™ื.
00:30
That's what corruption feels like.
6
30720
2032
ื›ื›ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช.
00:33
Corruption is theft.
7
33660
2572
ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”.
00:36
It is corrosive,
8
36709
1206
ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช,
00:38
it is criminal,
9
38607
1259
ื”ื™ื ื ืคืฉืขืช,
00:40
it is toxic
10
40685
1501
ื”ื™ื ืจืขื™ืœื”,
00:42
and it is predatory.
11
42210
1927
ื•ืžื—ืคืฉืช ื˜ืจืฃ.
00:46
Now, I'm from Kenya,
12
46025
1329
ืื ื™ ื‘ืื” ืžืงื ื™ื”,
00:48
and in Kenya, corruption takes different forms.
13
48656
3008
ื•ื‘ืงื ื™ื”, ืœืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืคื ื™ื.
00:53
I want to share the story of Karura Forest with you.
14
53336
2677
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื™ืขืจ ืงืืจื•ืจื”.
00:57
This is my hometown of Nairobi.
15
57822
2508
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื ื™ื™ืจื•ื‘ื™.
01:00
I love Nairobi. It's beautiful.
16
60977
1949
ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ื‘ื™. ื”ื™ื ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื”.
01:03
But it is a city of paradoxes.
17
63660
2314
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช.
01:06
It is at once beautiful
18
66792
2966
ื”ื™ื ื™ืคื”,
01:09
and challenging.
19
69782
1284
ื•ื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืžืืชื’ืจืช.
01:12
But at the heart of this beautiful city
20
72731
3213
ื•ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ืืช
01:15
that I call home
21
75968
1762
ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™
01:17
is Karura Forest,
22
77754
2149
ื ืžืฆื ื™ืขืจ ืงืืจื•ืจื”,
01:20
an oasis of green, expansive beauty that would be the envy of any city anywhere.
23
80991
6227
ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืง ืฉืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื ืงื ืืชื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ.
01:27
We almost lost Karura Forest to corruption.
24
87594
4159
ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ื™ืขืจ ืงืืจื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช.
01:33
Word has reached my mother, Wangari Maathai,
25
93105
2830
ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืื•ื–ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื™, ื•ืื ื’ืจื™ ืžืื˜ืื™ื™,
01:35
that Karura Forest is under attack.
26
95959
2940
ืฉื™ืขืจ ืงืืจื•ืจื” ื ืžืฆื ืชื—ืช ืžืชืงืคื”.
01:40
There was a construction site coming up right in the middle of the forest.
27
100574
5503
ืืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœืงื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื™ืขืจ.
01:47
Government officials had stolen the forest.
28
107050
3137
ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื’ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืขืจ.
01:51
They had divided, sold and gifted hundreds of parcels of Karura
29
111416
6623
ื”ื ื—ื™ืœืงื•, ืžื›ืจื• ื•ื ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืžืื•ืช ื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืืจื•ืจื”
01:58
to their friends and cronies.
30
118063
1802
ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื”ื.
02:00
Now in 1977,
31
120832
2479
ื‘ืฉื ืช 1977,
02:03
my mother founded the Green Belt Movement
32
123335
2938
ืืžื™ ื™ืกื“ื” ืืช "ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื”"
02:06
to plant trees across Kenya,
33
126297
1860
ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื˜ื™ืขืช ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื ื™ื”,
02:08
restore green spaces
34
128987
1244
ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื
02:10
and protect green spaces, much like Karura Forest.
35
130255
3335
ื•ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื™ืขืจ ืงืืจื•ืจื”.
02:14
She got together her friends and allies,
36
134508
2193
ื”ื™ื ืืกืคื” ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืชื”,
02:16
and together, they created what became
37
136725
2358
ื•ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืš
02:19
one of the most successful tree-planting campaigns in the world.
38
139107
3880
ืœืื—ื“ ืžืžื‘ืฆืขื™ ื ื˜ื™ืขืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
02:23
It was therefore no surprise
39
143961
1603
ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืชืขื”
02:25
that when word got to her that Karura was under attack,
40
145588
3362
ืฉื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืžืขื” ืฉื™ืขืจ ืงืืจื•ืจื” ื ืžืฆื ืชื—ืช ืžืชืงืคื”,
02:28
they immediately sprang into action.
41
148974
3350
ื”ื ืžื™ื“ ื–ื™ื ืงื• ืœืคืขื•ืœื”.
02:33
They battled police and hired goons
42
153020
3376
ื”ื ื ืื‘ืงื• ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื
02:36
to stop the theft of this forest.
43
156420
3059
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืขืจ ื”ื–ื”.
02:40
But fortunately, there was an uprising of support
44
160290
3785
ืืš ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื“ ืฉืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื”
02:44
from the clergy, politicians, students and the general public,
45
164099
6333
ืžื”ื›ืžื•ืจื”, ืžืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื, ืžืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘,
02:50
all of whom came out to say no to corruption and greed.
46
170456
4067
ืฉื‘ืื• ื•ืืžืจื• ืœื ืœืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฆืข ื›ืกืฃ.
02:55
And pretty soon, that support was too strong and intense
47
175745
5326
ื•ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื–ื” ื•ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช ืžื“ื™
03:01
for the authorities to subdue.
48
181095
2530
ืžื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ื›ื ืื•ืชื”.
03:04
And Karura Forest was saved.
49
184101
2948
ื•ื™ืขืจ ืงืืจื•ืจื” ื ื™ืฆืœ.
03:08
In the 2000s, I joined my mother in the Green Belt Movement
50
188555
3696
ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-2000 ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืชื™ ืœืืžื™ ื‘"ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื”"
03:12
and witnessed the growth of the movement's advocacy activities,
51
192275
4411
ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื“ื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”,
03:16
its expansion beyond Kenya
52
196710
2889
ื‘ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืชื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืงื ื™ื”,
03:19
and an extremely important growing consensus
53
199623
4726
ื•ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื’ื“ืœื”
03:24
around the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize that she received --
54
204373
3814
ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื• ื–ื›ืชื” ื‘-2004 --
03:28
that the environment, democracy and peace were inextricably linked.
55
208211
5366
ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:34
I also learned that what my mother had faced that many years ago
56
214284
5032
ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื’ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืืžื™ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื” ืื™ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช
03:39
trying to protect Karura Forest
57
219340
2261
ื›ืฉื ื™ืกืชื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื™ืขืจ ืงืืจื•ืจื”
03:41
was not an isolated incident.
58
221625
1999
ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“.
03:44
The corruption and greed that manifested itself then
59
224071
3833
ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืžื“ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื• ืื– ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™
03:47
is alive and well today,
60
227928
1615
ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื,
03:50
from greedy politicians and public servants
61
230501
3349
ืืฆืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื—ืžื“ื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
03:53
willing to loot public coffers
62
233874
2583
ืฉืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื–ื•ื– ืืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
03:57
at their expense.
63
237347
1316
ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•.
03:59
Corruption is everywhere.
64
239151
2321
ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
04:02
Now, corruption is devastating to any economy, democracy
65
242213
4274
ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”
04:06
and the environment.
66
246511
1429
ื•ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
04:07
It robs citizens of vital social services
67
247964
3860
ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื“ื“ืช ืžื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื
04:11
and renders human life worthless.
68
251848
2833
ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื ืœื—ืกืจื™ ืขืจืš.
04:16
When young men are willing
69
256509
2061
ื›ืฉื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื
04:19
to join gangs
70
259418
1490
ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื›ื ื•ืคื™ื•ืช
04:22
and brutalize their communities
71
262043
2639
ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
04:24
for a small fee,
72
264706
1272
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื–ืขื•ื,
04:27
and women are raped on the way to work,
73
267382
2361
ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื ืื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
04:29
and, when they report this,
74
269767
1996
ื•ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš,
04:31
the perpetrators bribe their way out of jail,
75
271787
2883
ื”ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ืžืชื—ืžืงื™ื ืžืžืืกืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฉื•ื—ื“,
04:35
and when young girls have to sell their bodies
76
275521
2673
ื•ื›ืฉื ืขืจื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ื ืืœืฆื•ืช ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื•ืคืŸ
04:39
to buy sanitary towels,
77
279270
1846
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช,
04:42
you know the society is broken.
78
282766
2221
ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืงื•ืœืงืœืช.
04:46
In recent years, Kenya has been ranked
79
286587
2624
ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืงื ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจื’ื”
04:49
amongst the top 10 most corrupt countries in the world.
80
289235
4450
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฉืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:56
Even more frustrating for me is that Kenya loses
81
296334
3623
ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืกื›ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ืฉืงื ื™ื” ืžืื‘ื“ืช
04:59
a third of her national budget to corruption each year.
82
299981
3982
ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช.
05:03
That is six billion dollars.
83
303987
2995
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
05:07
It is totally unacceptable.
84
307844
2658
ื–ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช.
05:11
In a country where anti-corruption efforts have been frustrated and ignored
85
311287
5429
ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื” ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื ื›ืฉืœื• ื•ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช
05:16
and interfered with,
86
316740
1463
ื•ื”ื•ืคืจืขื•,
05:18
we absolutely need new strategies for dealing with this vice.
87
318227
5029
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืจืขื” ื”ื–ืืช.
05:24
We cannot complain forever.
88
324310
1609
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืœืขื“.
05:25
We either decide that we're going to live with it
89
325943
2659
ืื• ืฉื ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื–ื”
05:28
or we are going to change it.
90
328626
1822
ืื• ืฉื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
05:32
There's some good news.
91
332082
1584
ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
05:34
Human beings are not born corrupt.
92
334828
2849
ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื.
05:39
At some point, these behaviors are fostered by a culture
93
339000
4233
ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช
05:43
that promotes individual gain over collective progress.
94
343257
3763
ืฉืžืงื“ืžืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืื™ืฉื™ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
05:48
So if we're going to uproot corruption,
95
348225
2657
ืื– ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช,
05:50
we have got to start before it ever takes root.
96
350906
4752
ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ืœื”ืฉืจื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื.
05:56
We have got to intervene early.
97
356574
2975
ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
06:01
I don't know about your country,
98
361715
1597
ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื,
06:03
but where I come from,
99
363336
1516
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืžื ื• ืื ื™ ื‘ืื”,
06:04
youth will lead us into the future.
100
364876
2989
ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
06:08
In Kenya today, 80 percent of the population is under the age of 35.
101
368688
5582
ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื, 80 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 35.
06:16
But by their own admission, they have conflicting values.
102
376127
3496
ืืš ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื.
06:20
Fifty-eight percent of young people in Kenya recently told us
103
380980
3409
ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, 58 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื ื•
06:24
they will do anything to make money.
104
384413
3031
ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ.
06:29
An additional 45 percent said
105
389008
3147
45 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืืžืจื•
06:33
corruption is a legitimate tool for doing business.
106
393107
3932
ืฉืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืขืกืงื™ื.
06:39
Seventy-three percent
107
399365
1528
73 ืื—ื•ื–
06:41
said they would not be willing to stand up for what they believe in
108
401766
4449
ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื•
06:46
for fear of retribution.
109
406239
2254
ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ืžื ืงืžื”.
06:51
What I learned from my mother
110
411293
1852
ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžืืžื™
06:54
a few years ago
111
414020
2213
ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื
06:57
was this concept of "the power of one" --
112
417031
3488
ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื“" --
07:00
that each of us can be potent agents of change
113
420543
3680
ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช,
07:04
and that together, we are a force,
114
424247
2948
ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ื—.
07:09
that if we put our hands together, we can change the situation
115
429017
4743
ืฉืื ื ืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื™ื—ื“, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘
07:13
and no problem is too big.
116
433784
2571
ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื“ื™.
07:17
My mother understood this so profoundly
117
437813
2392
ืืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืžื•ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš
07:20
that it was at the center of her work.
118
440229
2620
ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื”.
07:22
Shifting cultures takes patience, persistence and commitment,
119
442873
4580
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช, ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช,
07:27
and it is extremely slow and deep work.
120
447477
3516
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืื“ ืื™ื˜ื™ ื•ืขืžื•ืง.
07:32
But if we are going to shift a culture, we have got to get that work started.
121
452965
4161
ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื”.
07:37
And in the time since her passing, we have established a foundation in her name
122
457150
4426
ื•ืžืื– ืžื•ืชื”, ื”ืงืžื ื• ืงืจืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืžื”
07:41
to do exactly that
123
461600
1272
ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื–ื”,
07:42
but to work with young people and children
124
462896
3664
ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื
07:46
to begin to build character and personal leadership,
125
466584
3202
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืื•ืคื™ ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช,
07:49
to inspire purpose and integrity.
126
469810
2645
ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจ.
07:53
But fighting corruption is not as easy as saying corruption is bad.
127
473577
4202
ืืš ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื›ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืžื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข.
07:58
Now, here are three strategies that we are employing
128
478940
2990
ืื– ื”ื ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ
08:01
that we believe can be replicated in any school community.
129
481954
3763
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจื™ืช.
08:06
First, we must understand the why:
130
486652
4339
ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” --
08:11
Why does corruption happen in the first place?
131
491015
3464
ืœืžื” ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”?
08:15
Do we call it for what it is -- theft --
132
495480
3776
ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” ื‘ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ -- ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” --
08:19
or do we gloss over it with other words?
133
499280
2887
ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช?
08:23
When young children are able to model what it looks and feels like
134
503624
4780
ื›ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืื™ืš ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื•ื ืจืื™ืช
08:29
to deal with corruption,
135
509408
1737
ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช,
08:32
they are likely, when faced with a dilemma in their future,
136
512754
3417
ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืžื“ื• ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
08:37
to model what they've been taught.
137
517090
2210
ืฉื™ื—ืงื• ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ื•.
08:41
Second, we need to teach character explicitly.
138
521693
5471
ืฉื ื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืคื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ.
08:47
Now, this may seem obvious,
139
527883
2594
ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•,
08:50
but a child who exhibits a growth mindset
140
530501
3346
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืœื“ื” ืฉืžืจืื” ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”
08:53
and a sense of self-control
141
533871
1918
ื•ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช
08:56
is self-confident.
142
536950
1363
ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™.
08:59
And a self-confident child is likely to stand up for what they believe.
143
539472
4858
ื•ื™ืœื“ื” ืขื ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืชืื‘ืง ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”.
09:07
Third, we need to build personal leadership in our children early
144
547928
6998
ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื,
09:16
to give them an opportunity to know what it looks like
145
556120
3713
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื”,
09:19
to call corruption out when they see it,
146
559857
3377
ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”,
09:24
what it feels like to stand up and be counted when they're needed
147
564618
5159
ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœืงื•ื ื•ืœื”ื™ืจืชื ื›ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื
09:31
and, for me, to make the more and most important connection
148
571078
3999
ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ืœ
09:35
between human suffering on one hand
149
575101
3045
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื‘ืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“
09:39
and corruption, greed and selfishness on the other.
150
579226
3304
ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช, ื—ืžื“ื ื•ืช ื•ืื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™.
09:45
We have got to believe in our capacity
151
585306
3382
ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื•
09:49
to bring about the future we want to see,
152
589791
2134
ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
09:53
each of us in our small way.
153
593183
2932
ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื”.
09:58
Young people must believe
154
598045
2190
ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ
10:00
that a new reality is possible.
155
600259
2438
ืฉืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
10:05
Corruption, climate change,
156
605118
2767
ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
10:07
ecosystem collapse, biodiversity loss --
157
607909
3032
ืงืจื™ืกืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ --
10:10
all these issues need leadership.
158
610965
2768
ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช.
10:16
And in the words of Baba Dioum of Senegal,
159
616479
2727
ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืื‘ื ื“ื™ื•ื ืžืกื ื’ืœ,
10:20
"In the final analysis,
160
620564
1909
"ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืกื•ืคื™,
10:24
we will conserve
161
624258
2415
"ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉืžืจ
10:26
only what we love,
162
626697
1718
"ืจืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื,
10:29
we will love
163
629865
1193
"ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืื”ื‘
10:32
only what we understand
164
632169
1824
"ืจืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื,
10:35
and we will understand
165
635171
2280
"ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื‘ื™ืŸ
10:37
only what we are taught."
166
637475
3153
"ืจืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•."
10:41
Thank you.
167
641191
1175
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
10:42
(Applause)
168
642390
2685
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7