3 ways to uproot a culture of corruption | Wanjira Mathai

翻译人员: Jenny Shang 校对人员: Lipeng Chen

Have you ever been robbed?

你被抢劫过吗？

Or had something you value forcibly taken from you

或者，有人强行夺走过

against your will?

你所珍视的东西吗？

It's violating.

这是一种侵犯。

Feelings of fury, of assault

这让人感觉到气愤、羞辱、

and of helplessness.

无能为力。

That's what corruption feels like.

这就是贪污腐败给人带来的感觉。

Corruption is theft.

贪污就是盗窃。

It is corrosive,

它是一种腐蚀，

it is criminal,

它是一种犯罪，

it is toxic

它是一种鸠毒，

and it is predatory.

它是一种掠夺。

Now, I'm from Kenya,

我来自肯尼亚，

and in Kenya, corruption takes different forms.

在肯尼亚，贪污腐败 有很多种不同的形式。

I want to share the story of Karura Forest with you.

我想与你们分享卡鲁拉森林的故事。

This is my hometown of Nairobi.

这是我的家乡内罗毕。

I love Nairobi. It's beautiful.

我很爱内罗毕；它很美丽。

But it is a city of paradoxes.

但这也是一个充满矛盾的城市。

It is at once beautiful

它很美丽，

and challenging.

但也充满挑战。

But at the heart of this beautiful city

然而，在这个我称之为家乡的

that I call home

美丽城市的中心地带，

is Karura Forest,

是卡鲁拉森林。

an oasis of green, expansive beauty that would be the envy of any city anywhere.

这是一片令任何一个城市 都会羡慕的广袤绿洲。

We almost lost Karura Forest to corruption.

我们差一点就因为贪污腐败 而失去了卡鲁拉森林。

Word has reached my mother, Wangari Maathai,

卡鲁拉森林即将遭到毁坏的消息，

that Karura Forest is under attack.

传到了我的母亲旺加里 · 马泰 （Wangari Maathai）的耳朵里。

There was a construction site coming up right in the middle of the forest.

在森林当中将会有一片建筑工地。

Government officials had stolen the forest.

政府官员窃取了森林，

They had divided, sold and gifted hundreds of parcels of Karura

他们将卡鲁拉森林强行分割， 并出售或赠送给了

to their friends and cronies.

他们的亲朋好友。

Now in 1977,

在 1977 年的时候，

my mother founded the Green Belt Movement

我的母亲创立了“绿带运动”，

to plant trees across Kenya,

致力于在肯尼亚各地植树，

restore green spaces

修复绿色空间，

and protect green spaces, much like Karura Forest.

保护像卡鲁拉森林一样的绿色空间。

She got together her friends and allies,

她把朋友与同盟团结在一起，

and together, they created what became

与他们一道创建了

one of the most successful tree-planting campaigns in the world.

这个世界上最成功的植树运动之一。

It was therefore no surprise

不出所料，

that when word got to her that Karura was under attack,

当她听说卡鲁拉森林正遭受危机时，

they immediately sprang into action.

他们立即行动起来了。

They battled police and hired goons

他们与警方和受雇的帮手抗争，

to stop the theft of this forest.

阻止森林资源被盗窃。

But fortunately, there was an uprising of support

幸运的是，支持他们的力量日益强大，

from the clergy, politicians, students and the general public,

这股力量来自于牧师、政客、 学生以及广大群众。

all of whom came out to say no to corruption and greed.

他们都站了出来， 向腐败与贪婪说不。

And pretty soon, that support was too strong and intense

没过多久，这股力量就强大到

for the authorities to subdue.

让当局屈服了。

And Karura Forest was saved.

卡鲁拉森林得救了。

In the 2000s, I joined my mother in the Green Belt Movement

在 2000 年代， 我加入了母亲的绿带运动，

and witnessed the growth of the movement's advocacy activities,

并见证了这个运动的宣传规模 如何一步步扩大，

its expansion beyond Kenya

在肯尼亚以外的扩展，

and an extremely important growing consensus

以及一种围绕她于 2004 年获得的

around the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize that she received --

诺贝尔和平奖的重要共识。

that the environment, democracy and peace were inextricably linked.

即环境、民主与和平， 三者密不可分。

I also learned that what my mother had faced that many years ago

同时我也意识到， 我的母亲在那么多年前

trying to protect Karura Forest

保护卡鲁拉森林时所面对的，

was not an isolated incident.

并不是一个孤立的事件。

The corruption and greed that manifested itself then

当时的政府展现出的腐败与贪婪，

is alive and well today,

如今依旧盛行。

from greedy politicians and public servants

贪婪的政客与公务员

willing to loot public coffers

能够为了一己私利

at their expense.

去抢掠公库。

Corruption is everywhere.

贪污腐败无处不在。

Now, corruption is devastating to any economy, democracy

贪污腐败对任何经济体、民主国家

and the environment.

和环境都具有破坏性。

It robs citizens of vital social services

它从公民身上夺走了 至关重要的社会服务，

and renders human life worthless.

使人们的生活失去价值。

When young men are willing

当年轻人

情愿加入帮派，

to join gangs

and brutalize their communities

为了一些蝇头小利

for a small fee,

施行暴力；

and women are raped on the way to work,

当妇女因在上班途中被强暴而报案，

and, when they report this,

施暴者却能

the perpetrators bribe their way out of jail,

通过贿赂免于牢狱之灾；

and when young girls have to sell their bodies

当年轻的姑娘们出卖身体，

to buy sanitary towels,

只为了有钱购买卫生巾时；

you know the society is broken.

你就知道，这个社会已经崩塌了。

In recent years, Kenya has been ranked

近几年来，肯尼亚被评为

amongst the top 10 most corrupt countries in the world.

世界上贪腐现象 最严重的十大国家之一。

Even more frustrating for me is that Kenya loses

更令我沮丧的是，

a third of her national budget to corruption each year.

肯尼亚每年的国家预算 有三分之一因为贪腐而流失，

That is six billion dollars.

金额达到 60 亿美金。

It is totally unacceptable.

这令人完全无法接受。

In a country where anti-corruption efforts have been frustrated and ignored

当这个国家的反腐举措 令人沮丧、被人无视、

and interfered with,

甚至遭受阻挠时，

we absolutely need new strategies for dealing with this vice.

我们绝对需要新的策略 来应对这个恶习。

We cannot complain forever.

我们不能永远只是抱怨。

We either decide that we're going to live with it

要么下定决心忍受它，

or we are going to change it.

要么就去改变它。

There's some good news.

当然也有一些好消息。

Human beings are not born corrupt.

人并非生来贪腐。

At some point, these behaviors are fostered by a culture

在某一个时间点，这些行为

that promotes individual gain over collective progress.

从个人利益高于集体进步的 思想中滋生开来。

So if we're going to uproot corruption,

因此，如果我们要根除贪污腐败，

we have got to start before it ever takes root.

就要在它扎根之前采取行动。

We have got to intervene early.

我们需要尽早介入。

I don't know about your country,

我不知道你们的国家是怎样的，

but where I come from,

但是在我的国家，

youth will lead us into the future.

年轻人将带领我们走向未来。

In Kenya today, 80 percent of the population is under the age of 35.

如今的肯尼亚，80% 的人口 年龄在 35 岁以下。

But by their own admission, they have conflicting values.

但他们自己也承认， 他们的价值观存在冲突。

Fifty-eight percent of young people in Kenya recently told us

58% 的肯尼亚青年最近告诉我们，

they will do anything to make money.

他们为了挣钱什么都可以做。

An additional 45 percent said

另有 45% 的年轻人说，

corruption is a legitimate tool for doing business.

腐败是做生意的一种合法工具。

Seventy-three percent

有 73% 的人

said they would not be willing to stand up for what they believe in

说他们不愿意坚守自己的信念，

for fear of retribution.

因为害怕遭受报应。

What I learned from my mother

几年前，我从我的母亲那里

a few years ago

学到了一个概念——

was this concept of "the power of one" --

“个体的力量”。

that each of us can be potent agents of change

我们每个人都可以是 变革的有力推动者，

and that together, we are a force,

汇集在一起， 就是一股强大的力量。

that if we put our hands together, we can change the situation

如果我们齐心协力， 就可以改变现状，

and no problem is too big.

再大的问题都难不倒我们。

My mother understood this so profoundly

我的母亲非常深刻地意识到，

that it was at the center of her work.

这就是她工作的核心。

Shifting cultures takes patience, persistence and commitment,

改变文化需要 耐心、坚持以及承诺。

and it is extremely slow and deep work.

这是一项极其缓慢且深入的工作。

But if we are going to shift a culture, we have got to get that work started.

但是如果我们想要改变文化， 就必须行动起来。

And in the time since her passing, we have established a foundation in her name

自她去世以来， 我们以她的名义建立了基金会，

to do exactly that

就是为了从事这项工作。

but to work with young people and children

而且，我们召集了很多 年轻人和儿童，

to begin to build character and personal leadership,

帮助他们及早培养人格和领导力，

to inspire purpose and integrity.

激励他们塑造人生目标和气节。

But fighting corruption is not as easy as saying corruption is bad.

但是对抗腐败 并不是简单地说腐败不好。

Now, here are three strategies that we are employing

我们采取了三种策略，

that we believe can be replicated in any school community.

我们认为这些在任何一个 学校或社区都可以被复制。

First, we must understand the why:

第一点， 我们要理解“为什么”。

Why does corruption happen in the first place?

为什么腐败的现象一开始会发生？

Do we call it for what it is -- theft --

我们是应该直呼其名——盗窃，

or do we gloss over it with other words?

还是用其他的名称来掩饰这种行为？

When young children are able to model what it looks and feels like

当年幼的孩子可以模仿

应对贪腐是什么样的行为和感受，

to deal with corruption,

they are likely, when faced with a dilemma in their future,

当他们将来遇到这样的困境时，

to model what they've been taught.

就更有可能模仿自己被教授的内容。

Second, we need to teach character explicitly.

第二点，我们要明确地塑造 优秀的人格品质。

Now, this may seem obvious,

这一点看上去显而易见，

but a child who exhibits a growth mindset

但一个表现出成长性思维

and a sense of self-control

和自控力的孩子，

is self-confident.

是自信的；

And a self-confident child is likely to stand up for what they believe.

而一个自信的孩子 更有可能捍卫自己的信念。

Third, we need to build personal leadership in our children early

第三点，我们需要尽早 培养孩子的个人领导力，

to give them an opportunity to know what it looks like

让他们有机会明白，

to call corruption out when they see it,

在看到贪腐现象时如何站出来，

what it feels like to stand up and be counted when they're needed

当他们被需要时应该站出来。

and, for me, to make the more and most important connection

对我而言，要在人类的痛苦

between human suffering on one hand

与腐败、贪婪和自私之间

and corruption, greed and selfishness on the other.

建立更多更重要的联系。

We have got to believe in our capacity

要坚信，只要每个人 都能尽一点微薄之力，

to bring about the future we want to see,

我们就有能力

each of us in our small way.

实现我们所憧憬的未来。

Young people must believe

年轻人要相信，

that a new reality is possible.

一种新的现实是可能的。

Corruption, climate change,

贪污腐败，气候变化，

ecosystem collapse, biodiversity loss --

生态系统崩溃，生物多样性缺失——

all these issues need leadership.

所有这些问题都需要领导力来解决。

And in the words of Baba Dioum of Senegal,

就像塞内加尔的巴巴 · 迪奥姆 （Baba Dioum）所说的那样，

"In the final analysis,

“归根结底，

we will conserve

我们只会

only what we love,

守我们所爱，

we will love

爱我们所知，

only what we understand

and we will understand

知我们所学。”

only what we are taught."

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）