Urban architecture inspired by mountains, clouds and volcanoes | Ma Yansong

Prevodilac: Tijana Maslać Lektor: Ivana Korom

I am an architect.

Ja sam arhitekta.

And this picture shows the city that I come from,

I na ovoj slici je prikazan grad iz kojeg dolazim,

Beijing, China.

Peking, Kina.

And old Beijing is like a very beautiful garden,

Stari Peking je poput veoma lepe bašte,

you can see a lot of nature.

možete videti dosta prirode.

When I was a kid,

Kada sam bio dete,

I learned to swim in this lake

naučio sam da plivam u jezeru

and I climbed mountains every day after school.

i penjao bih se po planinama svakog dana posle škole.

But after getting older,

Ali kako sam stario,

we built more and more modern buildings.

gradili smo sve više i više modernih građevina.

And they all look the same.

I sve one izgledaju isto.

They all look like matchboxes.

Sve izgledaju kao kutije šibica.

Why are modern buildings and cities full of these boxy shapes?

Zašto su moderne građevine i gradovi prepune ovih kockastih oblika?

In this photo, you actually see two cities.

Na ovoj slici, zapravo vidite dva grada.

The one on the left is New York,

Ovaj levo je Njujork,

and the one on the right is Tianjin, a Chinese city

a ovaj desno je Tianđin, kineski grad,

that's being constructed.

koji je u izgradnji.

And they have very similar skylines.

I imaju veoma slične horizonte.

Maybe they also follow the same principle.

Možda takođe prate isti princip.

You know, competing for density,

Znate, takmiče se u zbijenosti,

competing for more space,

takmiče se za više prostora,

competing for efficiency.

takmiče se u efikasnosti.

Therefore, modern architecture

Stoga moderna arhitektura

becomes a symbol of capital and power.

postaje simbol kapitala i moći.

Chinese cities are building a lot,

Kineski gradovi se dosta izgrađuju

they're also, you know,

i oni se takođe, znate,

not only competing for this space and height,

ne takmiče samo za ovaj prostor i visinu.

they're also learning a lot from North American urban strategies

Oni takođe dosta uče iz severnoameričih urbanih strategija

[and] also repeat a lot from city to city.

i takođe se dosta ponavljaju od grada do grada.

So here, we call it 1,000 cities with one face.

Tako da ovde mi to nazivamo 1000 gradova sa jednim licem.

So as an architect in China,

Stoga kao arhitekta u Kini,

I have to ask myself, what can I do about it?

moram se zapitati - šta mogu učiniti povodom toga?

One day, I was walking on a street,

Jednog dana sam šetao ulicom

I saw people selling fish.

i video sam ljude kako prodaju ribu.

And they put the fish in this cubic fish tank.

I stavljaju ribu u kockasti akvarijum.

So I was asking the same question,

Tako da sam postavljao isto pitanje -

why a cubic space for fish?

zašto kvadratni prostor za ribe?

Do they like cubic space?

Da li im se sviđa kvadratni prostor?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Obviously not.

Očigledno ne.

So maybe the cubic space, cubic architecture,

Tako da je možda kvadratni prostor, kvadratna arhitektura,

is cheaper, is easier to make.

jeftinija, lakše ju je napraviti.

So, I did this small research,

Tako da sam sproveo malo istraživanje,

I put a camera and I tried to observe how fish behave

postavio sam kameru i pokušao da posmatram kako se ribe ponašaju

in this cubic space.

u ovom kvadratnom prostoru.

And then I found they probably weren't happy.

I onda sam saznao da verovatno nisu bile srećne.

The cubic space wasn't the perfect home for them,

Kvadratni prostor nije bio savršen dom za njih,

so I decided to design a new fish tank for them.

tako da sam odlučio da dizajniram novi akvarijum za njih.

I think it should be more organic,

Mislim da bi trebalo da bude više organski,

it should be a more fluid space inside.

da unutra ima više fluidnog prostora.

More complex interiors.

Kompleksniji interijer.

I think they should feel happier living in this space,

Mislim da bi trebalo da se osećaju srećnije,

but I wouldn't know because they don't talk to me.

živeći u ovom prostoru, ali ne bih znao, jer ne pričaju sa mnom.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But one year after,

Ali nakon godinu dana,

we got this opportunity to design this real building for humans.

imali smo priliku da projektujemo pravu zgradu.

This is actually a pair of towers

Ovo je zapravo par tornjeva,

that we built in Mississauga, a city outside Toronto.

koje smo izgradili u Misisogi, gradu izvan Toronta.

And people call this Marilyn Monroe Towers --

I ljudi ovo nazivaju Merlin Monro tornjevi -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

because of its curvature.

zbog svoje zakrivljenosti.

And the idea was to build a tower,

Ideja je bila da sagradimo toranj,

high-rise, residential tower, but not a box.

visokospratnicu, stambeni toranj, ali ne i kutiju.

It's more inspired by nature,

Više je inspirisano prirodom,

with the sunshine and wind dynamics.

zracima sunca i dinamikom vetra.

After we finished designing the first tower,

Nakon završetka projektovanja prvog tornja,

they told us, you know,

rekli su nam, znate:

"You don't have to design the second one,

''Ne morate da projektujete drugi,

you just repeat the same design,

samo ponovite isti dizajn,

and we pay you twice."

i platićemo vam dvostruko.''

But I said, "You cannot have two Marilyn Monroes standing there."

Ali ja rekoh: ''Tamo ne možete imati dve Merlin Monro .''

And nature never repeats itself,

Priroda se nikada ne ponavlja,

so now we have two buildings that can dance together.

tako da sada imamo dve zgrade koje mogu zajedno plesati.

So I have this question for myself.

Tako postavljam sebi ovo pitanje.

You know, why, in the modern city,

Znate, zašto u modernom gradu,

we often think architecture is a machine, is a box?

često pomislimo da je arhitektura - mašina, kutija?

So here, I want to see how people looked at nature in the past.

Tako da ovde želim da vidim kako su ljudi posmatrali prirodu u prošlosti.

By looking into this Chinese traditional painting,

Gledajući ovu tradicionalnu kinesku sliku,

I found that they often mixed

saznao sam da su često spajali

the nature and the artificial, man-made, in a very dramatic way,

prirodu sa veštačkim, na veoma dramatičan način,

so they create this emotional scenery.

kako bi stvorili ovaj emotivni pejzaž.

So in the modern city, my question is:

U modernom gradu moje pitanje glasi:

Is there a way that we don't separate buildings and nature,

Da li postoji način da ne razdvajamo građevine i prirodu,

but combine them?

već da ih kombinujemo?

So there's another project that we built in China.

Postoji još jedan projekat koji smo sagradili u Kini.

It's a quite large residential complex.

Prilično ogroman stambeni kompleks.

And it's located in a very beautiful nature setting.

I nalazi se u veoma lepom prirodnom okruženju.

To be honest, the first time when I visited the site,

Iskreno, kada sam prvog puta posetio mesto,

it was too beautiful.

bilo je previše lepo.

And I almost decided to reject the project

Zamalo odlučih da odbijem projekat,

because you feel as a criminal to do anything there.

zato što se osećate kao kriminalac štagod da uradite tamo.

I don't want to become a criminal.

Ne želim da postanem kriminalac.

But my second thought was,

Ali moja druga pomisao je bila -

if I didn't do it,

ako ja to ne uradim,

they would just put, you know, standard urban towers there, anyway.

oni će svakako samo postaviti standardne urbane tornjeve tamo.

And that would be a pity.

A to bi bila šteta.

So I decided I had to give it a try.

Tako da sam odlučio da moram da pokušam.

So the way we did that was

Način na koji smo to odradili je

we took the contour lines from the existing mountains,

da smo uzeli konture postojećih planina,

and we took those lines and then translated them into a building.

i uzevši te linije, preslikali smo ih u zgradu.

So those towers are actually taking the shapes

Stoga su ti tornjevi zapravo preuzeli oblike

and geometries from the nature.

i geometriju iz prirode.

So each building has a different shape,

Svaka građevina ima različit oblik,

a different size, different height.

različitu veličinu, različitu visinu.

And they become the extension of the nature

I postaju nastavak prirode

[where] they're situated.

u kojoj se nalaze.

And you know,

I znate,

people think we use computer sometimes

ljudi misle da mi ponekad koristimo kompjutere

to design this kind of architecture,

kako bismo dizajnirali ovakvu arhitekturu,

but I actually use a lot of hand sketch,

ali ja zapravo dosta koristim ručne skice,

because I like the randomness in the hand sketch.

jer mi se dopada nasumičnost u ručnim skicama.

And they can carry sort of emotions

Sadrže vrstu emocije

that cannot be made by computers.

koja se ne može kompjuterski stvoriti.

Architecture and humans and nature can coexist together

Arhitektura i ljudi i priroda mogu zajedno postojati

and are having a good relationship in this photo.

i imaju dobar odnos na ovoj fotografiji.

Actually this guy in the photo is one of the architects on our team.

Lik sa slike je zapravo jedan od arhitekata iz našeg tima.

I think he's been enjoying the beautiful nature scenery,

Mislim da je uživao u prelepom prirodnom pejzažu,

and feeling relieved that he is not part of the criminals --

i osećao olakšanje što nije deo kriminalaca -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

in the end.

na kraju.

Back to the city,

Da se vratimo gradu.

in Beijing, we were asked to design these urban towers.

U Pekingu su nam tražili da projektujemo ove urbane tornjeve.

And I made this model.

I napravio sam ovaj model.

It's an architecture model,

To je arhitektonski model,

looks like a minimountain and minivalleys.

liči na miniplaninu i minidolinu.

I put this model on my table, and I watered it every day.

Stavio sam ovaj model na moj sto, i negovao sam ga svakog dana.

And years later, we completed this building.

Godinama kasnije, završili smo ovu zgradu.

And you can see how my hand sketch

I možete da vidite kako se moja ručna skica

is being translated into the real building.

preslikava u pravu zgradu.

And they look quite similar.

I izgledaju prilično slično.

It looks like a black mountain.

Liči na crnu planinu.

And this is how this building is situated in the city.

Evo kako je ova zgrada smeštena u gradu.

It's on the edge of this beautiful park.

Na ivici je ovog prelepog parka.

It's different, very different from the surrounding buildings,

Drugačija je, dosta drugačija od zgrada koje je okružuju,

because other buildings are trying to build a wall around the nature.

jer ostale zgrade pokušavaju da stvore zid oko prirode.

But what we're trying to do here

Ali ono što mi pokušavamo ovde

is to make the building itself as a part of nature,

je da učinimo da sama zgrada bude deo prirode,

so we can extend the nature from the park into the city.

kako bismo proširili prirodu iz parka u grad.

So that was the idea.

To je bila ideja.

A Chinese art critic drew this painting.

Kineski umetnički kritičar je nacrtao ovu sliku.

He put our building in this painting.

Naša zgrada je na ovoj slici.

Can you see there's a black, tiny mountain?

Možete li videti crnu, malenu planinu?

That looks very fit into this painting.

Uklapa se u ovu sliku.

However, in this reality,

Bilo kako bilo, u stvarnosti je

our design was being challenged

naš dizajn doveden u pitanje

that it looks so different from the surroundings.

da izgleda dosta drugačije od okoline.

And they asked me to modify my design,

I tražili su mi da modifikujem moj dizajn,

either color or shape,

ili boju ili oblik,

to make the building fit the context better.

kako bi se zgrada bolje uklopila u kontekst.

So my question was,

Tako da je moje pitanje bilo,

why it fits this traditional, you know, natural context,

zašto se bolje uklapa u ovaj tradicionalni, znate, prirodni kontekst

better than the reality?

nego u stvarnost?

Maybe there's something wrong with the reality.

Možda nešto nije u redu sa stvarnošću.

Something wrong with the context.

Nešto nije u redu sa kontekstom.

In the very northern part of China,

Na krajnjem severu Kine,

we also built this opera house.

napravili smo ovu opersku kuću.

It's an opera house next to the river,

To je operska kuća u blizini reke,

in the wetland park.

u močvarnom parku.

So we decided to make this building part of the surrounding landscape

Tako da smo odlučili da napravimo zgradu kao deo okolnog pejzaža

and merge into the horizon.

i uklopimo je u horizont.

The building literally looks like a snow mountain.

Zgrada doslovno izgleda kao snežna planina.

And people can walk on the building.

I ljudi mogu da šetaju po zgradi.

During the day or when there's no opera,

U toku dana ili kada nema opere,

people come here, they can enjoy the views,

ljudi dođu ovde, mogu da uživaju u pogledu

and they can continue their journey from the park

i mogu da nastave svoje putovanje iz parka

onto the building.

ka zgradi.

When they reach the rooftop,

Kada dođu na krov

there's an amphitheater that's framing the sky,

gde se nalazi amfiteatar, koji uokviruje nebo,

where they can sing to the sky.

gde mogu pevati nebu.

Inside the opera,

Unutar opere,

we have this lobby with a lot of natural light,

nalazi se predvorje sa dosta prirodnog svetla,

and they can also enjoy this semi-indoor-outdoor space,

i mogu uživati u polu-unutrašnjem-spoljašnjem prostoru,

and they can see the beautiful view around them.

i mogu videti predivan pogled oko sebe.

I've been building several mountains,

Sagradio sam nekoliko planina,

and here I'm trying to show you

a ovde pokušavam da vam prikažem

one building that I think looks like a cloud.

jednu zgradu koja, ja mislim, liči na oblak.

It's the Lucas Museum of Narrative Arts

To je muzej pripovedačke umetnosti Lukas

that's being constructed in the city of Los Angeles.

koji se gradi u Los Anđelesu.

It's a museum created by George Lucas,

Muzej je kreirao Džordž Lukas,

the creator of the "Star Wars" movies.

tvorac ''Zvezdanih ratova''.

Why a building that looks like a cloud?

Zašto zgrada koja liči na oblak?

Because I think, I imagine, the cloud is mysterious.

Jer mislim, zamišljam, oblak misterioznim.

It's nature.

To je priroda.

It's surreal when this natural element landed in the city.

Nadrealno je kada ovaj prirodni element sleti u grad.

And it makes you feel curious about it,

Zainteresuje te

and you want to explore it.

i želiš da ga istražiš.

So that's how the building landed on earth.

I tako je zgrada sletela na Zemlju.

By lifting this museum,

Podigavši ovaj muzej,

making it float above the ground,

učinivši da leti iznad zemlje,

we can free up a lot of landscape and space underneath the building.

možemo da oslobodimo dosta predela i prostora ispod zgrade.

And then we can, at the same time,

Onda istovremeno možemo

create this roof garden above the building

da stvorimo krovni vrt iznad zgrade

where you can visit and enjoy the view.

za posećivanje i uživanje u pogledu.

This museum will be completed in the year 2022,

Ovaj muzej će biti završen 2022. godine

and you're all invited when it's completed.

i svi ste pozvani kada se završi.

So after building all these mountains and clouds,

Stoga nakon izgradnje svih ovih planina i oblaka,

now we're building these volcanoes

sada gradimo vulkane

back in China.

u Kini.

This is actually a huge sports park

Ovo je zapravo ogroman sportski park

with four stadiums in it,

sa četiri stadiona,

with one football stadium [with] 40,000 seats in there.

gde jedan stadion ima 40 000 sedišta.

So it's a very large project.

Tako da je to jedan ogroman projekat.

And you see from this photo,

Možete videti na ovoj slici,

you can hardly tell where there's building and where there's landscape.

da je teško reći gde je zgrada, a gde predeo.

So the building becomes a landscape.

Tako da zgrada postaje predeo.

Even becomes a land art,

Čak postaje zemljana umetnost,

where people can walk around the building,

gde ljudi mogu šetati oko zgrade,

they can climb this building

mogu se penjati po zgradi,

as they're wandering in this volcano park.

dok lutaju ovim vulkanskim parkom.

And this rendering shows one of the spaces in those volcanoes.

I ovaj prikaz pokazuje jedan od prostora u tim vulkanima.

This is actually a swimming pool

Ovo je zapravo bazen

with natural light coming from above.

sa prirodnim svetlom koje dopire odozgo.

So, what we're trying to create

Ono što zapravo pokušavamo da stvorimo

actually is an environment that blurs the boundary

je okolina koja zamagljuje granicu

in between architecture and nature.

između arhitekture i prirode.

So architecture is no longer a functional machine for living.

Stoga arhitektura više nije funkcionalna mašina za življenje.

It also reflects the nature around us.

Takođe prikazuje prirodu oko nas.

It also reflects our soul and spirit.

Prikazuje našu dušu i duh.

So, as an architect, I don't think

Tako da, kao arhitekta, ne mislim

in the future we should repeat those soulless matchboxes anymore.

da bi u budućnosti trebalo da ponavljamo ove bezdušne kutije šibica.

I think what I'm looking for is the opportunity

Mislim da ono za čim tragam je mogućnost

to create a future

stvaranja budućnosti

with harmony in between humans and nature.

u harmoniji između ljudi i prirode.

Thank you very much.

Hvala puno.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)