Urban architecture inspired by mountains, clouds and volcanoes | Ma Yansong

154,968 views ใƒป 2019-11-29

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Tal Hemu ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Nurit Noy
00:13
I am an architect.
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ืื ื™ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ.
00:16
And this picture shows the city that I come from,
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ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžื ื”,
00:20
Beijing, China.
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ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’, ืกื™ืŸ.
00:21
And old Beijing is like a very beautiful garden,
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ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ื™ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืคื”,
00:26
you can see a lot of nature.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื˜ื‘ืข.
00:28
When I was a kid,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“,
00:29
I learned to swim in this lake
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื’ื ื”ื–ื”
00:31
and I climbed mountains every day after school.
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ื•ื˜ื™ืคืกืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
00:35
But after getting older,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ืชื‘ื’ืจืชื™,
00:37
we built more and more modern buildings.
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื.
00:40
And they all look the same.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
00:42
They all look like matchboxes.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ื’ืคืจื•ืจื™ื.
00:47
Why are modern buildings and cities full of these boxy shapes?
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ืœืžื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืจื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”?
00:53
In this photo, you actually see two cities.
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ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืขืจื™ื.
00:56
The one on the left is New York,
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืฉืžืืœ ื”ื™ื ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง,
00:58
and the one on the right is Tianjin, a Chinese city
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ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื˜ื™ื™ื ื’'ื™ืŸ, ืขื™ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ืช
01:02
that's being constructed.
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ืฉื ื‘ื ืช.
01:04
And they have very similar skylines.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืงื• ืจืงื™ืข ื“ื•ืžื”.
01:07
Maybe they also follow the same principle.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืื•ืชื• ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ.
01:10
You know, competing for density,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช,
01:12
competing for more space,
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ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื˜ื—,
01:14
competing for efficiency.
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ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
01:18
Therefore, modern architecture
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช
01:20
becomes a symbol of capital and power.
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ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ื—.
01:25
Chinese cities are building a lot,
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ืขืจื™ื ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื”,
01:27
they're also, you know,
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ื”ืŸ ื’ื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
01:29
not only competing for this space and height,
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื— ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื”,
01:32
they're also learning a lot from North American urban strategies
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ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืœื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื•ืช
01:37
[and] also repeat a lot from city to city.
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ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืจ.
01:42
So here, we call it 1,000 cities with one face.
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ, ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” 1,000 ืขืจื™ื ืขื ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืื—ื“.
01:46
So as an architect in China,
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ืื– ื›ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
01:48
I have to ask myself, what can I do about it?
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™, ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ?
01:52
One day, I was walking on a street,
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘,
01:55
I saw people selling fish.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื“ื’ื™ื.
01:57
And they put the fish in this cubic fish tank.
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ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื• ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืขื™ืŸ ืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ื™ื™ืชื™.
02:01
So I was asking the same question,
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ืื– ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืืœื”,
02:03
why a cubic space for fish?
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ืœืžื” ืงื•ื‘ื™ื” ืœื“ื’ื™ื?
02:05
Do they like cubic space?
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ื”ืื ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื—ืœืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื™ืชื™?
02:08
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:09
Obviously not.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื.
02:10
So maybe the cubic space, cubic architecture,
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ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื—ืœืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื™ืชื™, ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื‘ื™ื™ืชื™ืช,
02:14
is cheaper, is easier to make.
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ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื”.
02:18
So, I did this small research,
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ืื– ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืžืŸ ืžื—ืงืจ ืงื˜ืŸ,
02:21
I put a camera and I tried to observe how fish behave
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ืฉืžืชื™ ืžืฆืœืžื” ื•ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ื’ื™ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื
02:26
in this cubic space.
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ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ื‘ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื–ื”.
02:28
And then I found they probably weren't happy.
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ื•ืื– ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื.
02:33
The cubic space wasn't the perfect home for them,
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ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ื‘ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื,
02:35
so I decided to design a new fish tank for them.
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื.
02:38
I think it should be more organic,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™,
02:41
it should be a more fluid space inside.
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ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืจื ื‘ืคื ื™ื.
02:45
More complex interiors.
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ื—ืœืœ ืคื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
02:51
I think they should feel happier living in this space,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ื–ื”,
02:54
but I wouldn't know because they don't talk to me.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืชื™.
02:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:59
But one year after,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ-ืžื›ืŸ,
03:01
we got this opportunity to design this real building for humans.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืขืฆื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืื ืฉื™ื.
03:07
This is actually a pair of towers
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ืืœื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื•ื’ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื
03:09
that we built in Mississauga, a city outside Toronto.
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ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ืกื™ืกื•ื’ื”, ืขื™ืจ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ื•ืจื•ื ื˜ื•.
03:14
And people call this Marilyn Monroe Towers --
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ืžืจื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ืจื• --
03:17
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:18
because of its curvature.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงืฉืชื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
03:22
And the idea was to build a tower,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœ
03:25
high-rise, residential tower, but not a box.
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ืฉืžืชื ืฉื ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื‘, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืงื•ืคืกื.
03:30
It's more inspired by nature,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข,
03:32
with the sunshine and wind dynamics.
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ืขื ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—.
03:37
After we finished designing the first tower,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
03:42
they told us, you know,
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืœื ื•, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
03:44
"You don't have to design the second one,
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"ืืชื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™,
03:46
you just repeat the same design,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘,
03:49
and we pay you twice."
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ื•ื ืฉืœื ืœื›ื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื."
03:52
But I said, "You cannot have two Marilyn Monroes standing there."
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, "ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ ืžืจื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ืจื• ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืฉื."
03:57
And nature never repeats itself,
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ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•,
04:00
so now we have two buildings that can dance together.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืงื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“.
04:08
So I have this question for myself.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืขืฆืžื™.
04:12
You know, why, in the modern city,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœืžื”, ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช,
04:14
we often think architecture is a machine, is a box?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ืงื•ืคืกื?
04:19
So here, I want to see how people looked at nature in the past.
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
04:24
By looking into this Chinese traditional painting,
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื”ื–ื”,
04:27
I found that they often mixed
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉื”ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขืจื‘ื‘ื•
04:31
the nature and the artificial, man-made, in a very dramatic way,
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ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช-ืื“ื, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืžืื•ื“,
04:37
so they create this emotional scenery.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื ื•ืฃ ืจื™ื’ืฉื™.
04:40
So in the modern city, my question is:
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ืื– ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื:
04:43
Is there a way that we don't separate buildings and nature,
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืœื ื ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืข,
04:48
but combine them?
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ืืœื ื ืฉืœื‘ ืื•ืชื?
04:50
So there's another project that we built in China.
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ืื– ื™ืฉื ื• ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.
04:54
It's a quite large residential complex.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืชื—ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
04:58
And it's located in a very beautiful nature setting.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื ื˜ื‘ืข ื™ืคื” ืžืื•ื“.
05:02
To be honest, the first time when I visited the site,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ,
05:05
it was too beautiful.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ื™ ื™ืคื”.
05:07
And I almost decided to reject the project
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜
05:11
because you feel as a criminal to do anything there.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืฉืข ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื.
05:18
I don't want to become a criminal.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืคื•ืฉืข.
05:21
But my second thought was,
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ืืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื”,
05:23
if I didn't do it,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืœื ืืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”,
05:25
they would just put, you know, standard urban towers there, anyway.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืฉื™ืžื• ืฉื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”.
05:29
And that would be a pity.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืœ.
05:32
So I decided I had to give it a try.
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืชืช ืœื–ื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
05:35
So the way we did that was
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ืื– ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
05:38
we took the contour lines from the existing mountains,
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ืฉืœืงื—ื ื• ืงื•ื•ื™ ืžืชืืจ ืžื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื,
05:41
and we took those lines and then translated them into a building.
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ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ืื– ืชืจื’ืžื ื• ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
05:45
So those towers are actually taking the shapes
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช
05:48
and geometries from the nature.
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
05:50
So each building has a different shape,
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ืื– ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืœื•,
05:52
a different size, different height.
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ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื•ื ื”, ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
05:55
And they become the extension of the nature
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข
05:59
[where] they're situated.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื.
06:01
And you know,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
06:03
people think we use computer sometimes
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœืคืขืžื™ื
06:06
to design this kind of architecture,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช,
06:08
but I actually use a lot of hand sketch,
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ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ื•ืจ ื™ื“ื ื™,
06:11
because I like the randomness in the hand sketch.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ื™ื“ื ื™.
06:16
And they can carry sort of emotions
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช
06:19
that cannot be made by computers.
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ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
06:24
Architecture and humans and nature can coexist together
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ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•-ืงื™ื•ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•
06:30
and are having a good relationship in this photo.
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
06:33
Actually this guy in the photo is one of the architects on our team.
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ื”ืืžืช ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
06:38
I think he's been enjoying the beautiful nature scenery,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ืคื”,
06:44
and feeling relieved that he is not part of the criminals --
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ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืงืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื --
06:49
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:51
in the end.
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
06:53
Back to the city,
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ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื™ืจ,
06:55
in Beijing, we were asked to design these urban towers.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’, ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื ื• ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
07:00
And I made this model.
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ื•ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื”.
07:01
It's an architecture model,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™,
07:04
looks like a minimountain and minivalleys.
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ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื ืื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจ ื•ืขืžืง.
07:07
I put this model on my table, and I watered it every day.
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ื”ื ื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ื•ื”ืฉืงืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
07:11
And years later, we completed this building.
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ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš, ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
07:16
And you can see how my hand sketch
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื”ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื“ื ื™ ืฉืœื™
07:20
is being translated into the real building.
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ืžืชื•ืจื’ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™.
07:23
And they look quite similar.
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ื•ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืžื™ื.
07:26
It looks like a black mountain.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจ.
07:27
And this is how this building is situated in the city.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
07:32
It's on the edge of this beautiful park.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื”.
07:35
It's different, very different from the surrounding buildings,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื”, ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื,
07:38
because other buildings are trying to build a wall around the nature.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื˜ื‘ืข.
07:43
But what we're trying to do here
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ืืš ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืืŸ
07:45
is to make the building itself as a part of nature,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข,
07:50
so we can extend the nature from the park into the city.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืžื”ืคืืจืง ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ.
07:54
So that was the idea.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
07:57
A Chinese art critic drew this painting.
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ืžื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืกื™ื ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
08:01
He put our building in this painting.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ.
08:05
Can you see there's a black, tiny mountain?
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ?
08:08
That looks very fit into this painting.
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฆื™ื•ืจ.
08:14
However, in this reality,
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ืืš, ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
08:18
our design was being challenged
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ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื• ืขืžื“ ื‘ืืชื’ืจ
08:20
that it looks so different from the surroundings.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
08:23
And they asked me to modify my design,
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืžื ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘,
08:25
either color or shape,
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ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ืื• ื”ืฆื•ืจื”,
08:28
to make the building fit the context better.
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ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:33
So my question was,
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื”,
08:35
why it fits this traditional, you know, natural context,
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™, ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
08:42
better than the reality?
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช?
08:43
Maybe there's something wrong with the reality.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื’ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
08:47
Something wrong with the context.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื’ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ.
08:50
In the very northern part of China,
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ,
08:52
we also built this opera house.
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื’ื-ื›ืŸ ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ื”ื–ื”.
08:55
It's an opera house next to the river,
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ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืช ืื•ืคืจื” ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืจ,
08:58
in the wetland park.
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ื‘ืคืืจืง "ื•ื•ื˜ืœื ื“".
09:00
So we decided to make this building part of the surrounding landscape
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ืฃ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
09:05
and merge into the horizon.
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ื•ืœืžื–ื’ ืื•ืชื• ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืคืง.
09:09
The building literally looks like a snow mountain.
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ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืจ ืฉืœื’.
09:12
And people can walk on the building.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
09:16
During the day or when there's no opera,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืื• ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืคืจื”,
09:19
people come here, they can enjoy the views,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœื›ืืŸ, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืคื™ื,
09:22
and they can continue their journey from the park
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ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืคืืจืง
09:24
onto the building.
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ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
09:27
When they reach the rooftop,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื’ื’,
09:29
there's an amphitheater that's framing the sky,
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืืžืคื™ืชืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืกื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื,
09:32
where they can sing to the sky.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจ ืœืฉืžื™ื™ื.
09:36
Inside the opera,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืคืจื”,
09:38
we have this lobby with a lot of natural light,
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ื ืžืฆื ื”ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืขื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
09:40
and they can also enjoy this semi-indoor-outdoor space,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื’ื ืžื—ืœืœ ืคื ื™ืžื™-ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืžื—ืฆื”
09:45
and they can see the beautiful view around them.
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ืคื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื.
09:50
I've been building several mountains,
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ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื”ืจื™ื,
09:53
and here I'm trying to show you
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื
09:55
one building that I think looks like a cloud.
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืขื ืŸ ืœื“ืขืชื™.
09:58
It's the Lucas Museum of Narrative Arts
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ืงืืก ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช
10:01
that's being constructed in the city of Los Angeles.
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ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก.
10:04
It's a museum created by George Lucas,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื’'ื•ืจื’' ืœื•ืงืืก,
10:10
the creator of the "Star Wars" movies.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกืจื˜ื™ "ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื".
10:14
Why a building that looks like a cloud?
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ืœืžื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืขื ืŸ?
10:17
Because I think, I imagine, the cloud is mysterious.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืื ื™ ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื•ืจื™.
10:22
It's nature.
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ื”ื•ื ื˜ื‘ืข.
10:24
It's surreal when this natural element landed in the city.
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ื–ื” ืกื•ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื–ื” ื ื—ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
10:30
And it makes you feel curious about it,
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืกืงืจืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•,
10:33
and you want to explore it.
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ื•ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืื•ืชื•.
10:37
So that's how the building landed on earth.
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ืื– ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ื—ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ.
10:42
By lifting this museum,
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืžืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ,
10:43
making it float above the ground,
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ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื• ืœืฆืฃ ืžืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”,
10:46
we can free up a lot of landscape and space underneath the building.
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ืื ื• ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืœื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
10:50
And then we can, at the same time,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช,
10:52
create this roof garden above the building
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื™ื ืช ื”ื’ื’ ื”ื–ื• ืžืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
10:54
where you can visit and enjoy the view.
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ืื•ืชื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืงืจ ื•ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืฃ.
10:58
This museum will be completed in the year 2022,
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ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2022,
11:02
and you're all invited when it's completed.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื ื”.
11:09
So after building all these mountains and clouds,
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ืื– ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขื ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
11:13
now we're building these volcanoes
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ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื’ืขืฉ
11:15
back in China.
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ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.
11:17
This is actually a huge sports park
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ื–ื”ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืคืืจืง ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืขื ืงื™
11:20
with four stadiums in it,
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ืขื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืืฆื˜ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•,
11:22
with one football stadium [with] 40,000 seats in there.
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ื›ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ืืฆื˜ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืขื 40,000 ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
11:30
So it's a very large project.
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
11:32
And you see from this photo,
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
11:35
you can hardly tell where there's building and where there's landscape.
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ืงืฉื” ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฃ.
11:39
So the building becomes a landscape.
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ืื-ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื ื•ืฃ.
11:41
Even becomes a land art,
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ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืืžื ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”,
11:43
where people can walk around the building,
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ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื•ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ,
11:45
they can climb this building
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ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
11:47
as they're wandering in this volcano park.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืืจืง ื”ืจ ื”ื’ืขืฉ ื”ื–ื”.
11:54
And this rendering shows one of the spaces in those volcanoes.
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ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžืžื•ื“ืœืช ื”ื–ื• ืžืจืื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ ื”ื’ืขืฉ.
11:58
This is actually a swimming pool
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”
12:01
with natural light coming from above.
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ืขื ืื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืœืžืขืœื”.
12:06
So, what we're trying to create
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ืื–, ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
12:08
actually is an environment that blurs the boundary
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžื˜ืฉื˜ืฉืช ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
12:12
in between architecture and nature.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืœื˜ื‘ืข.
12:15
So architecture is no longer a functional machine for living.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช ืœืžื—ื™ื™ื”.
12:21
It also reflects the nature around us.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
12:23
It also reflects our soul and spirit.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื•ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•.
12:27
So, as an architect, I don't think
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ืื–, ื›ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ, ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘
12:30
in the future we should repeat those soulless matchboxes anymore.
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ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ื”ื’ืคืจื•ืจื™ื ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:35
I think what I'm looking for is the opportunity
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
12:38
to create a future
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืชื™ื“
12:40
with harmony in between humans and nature.
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ืขื ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™-ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
12:44
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื”-ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
12:46
(Applause)
224
766208
3209
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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