Chris Domas: The 1s and 0s behind cyber warfare

Prevodilac: Jelena Kovačević Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

This is a lot of ones and zeros.

Ovo je puno jedinica i nula.

It's what we call binary information.

Ovo je ono što zovemo binarnim informacijama.

This is how computers talk.

Ovako kompjuteri govore.

It's how they store information.

Ovako čuvaju informacije.

It's how computers think.

Ovako kompjuteri misle.

It's how computers do

Ovako kompjuteri rade

everything it is that computers do.

sve ono što rade.

I'm a cybersecurity researcher,

Ja sam istraživač sajberbezbednosti,

što znači da je moj posao da sednem i od ovih podataka

which means my job is to sit down with this information

and try to make sense of it,

pokušam da izvučem neki smisao,

to try to understand what all the ones and zeroes mean.

da probam da shvatim šta sve ove jedinice i nule znače.

Unfortunately for me, we're not just talking

Nesrećom po mene, ne radi se samo

about the ones and zeros I have on the screen here.

o ovim jedinicama i nulama na ekranu.

We're not just talking about a few pages of ones and zeros.

Ne pričamo samo o nekoliko stranica nula i jedinica.

We're talking about billions and billions

Govorimo o milijardama i milijardama

of ones and zeros,

jedinica i nula,

more than anyone could possibly comprehend.

više nego što se može zamisliti.

Now, as exciting as that sounds,

Sad, koliko god to uzbudljivo zvučalo,

when I first started doing cyber —

kad sam tek počeo da se bavim sajberom

(Laughter) —

(Smeh)

u početku nisam bio siguran

when I first started doing cyber, I wasn't sure

da je pregledanje jedinica i nula

that sifting through ones and zeros

was what I wanted to do with the rest of my life,

baš ono čime želim da se bavim ceo život,

because in my mind, cyber

jer u mojoj glavi,

sajber je bilo držanje virusa podalje od kompjutera moje bake,

was keeping viruses off of my grandma's computer,

ili zaštita korisnika Majspejsa od hakovanja,

it was keeping people's Myspace pages from being hacked,

a možda bi, jednog mog slavnog dana,

and maybe, maybe on my most glorious day,

to bilo sprečavanje krađe informacija sa kreditne kartice.

it was keeping someone's credit card information from being stolen.

To su sve važne stvari,

Those are important things,

ali nisam tako želeo da provedem život.

but that's not how I wanted to spend my life.

But after 30 minutes of work

Ali posle pola sata rada

as a defense contractor,

u namenskoj industriji,

I soon found out that my idea of cyber

shvatio sam da je moja ideja o sajberu

pomalo pogrešna.

was a little bit off.

In fact, in terms of national security,

Zapravo, u kontekstu nacionalne bezbednosti,

keeping viruses off of my grandma's computer

čuvanje bakinog kompjutera od virusa je bilo

was surprisingly low on their priority list.

iznenađujuće nisko na listi prioriteta.

Razlog za ovo je to što je sajber

And the reason for that is cyber

is so much bigger than any one of those things.

mnogo veći od svih ovih stvari.

Sajber je sastavni deo naših života,

Cyber is an integral part of all of our lives,

jer su kompjuteri sastavni deo naših života

because computers are an integral part of all of our lives,

even if you don't own a computer.

čak i ako nemamo kompjuter.

Kompjuteri kontrolišu sve u vašim kolima,

Computers control everything in your car,

from your GPS to your airbags.

od GPS-a do vazdušnih jastuka.

Kontrolišu vaše telefone.

They control your phone.

They're the reason you can call 911

Oni su razlog što možete zvati policiju

and get someone on the other line.

i dobiti odgovor sa druge strane.

They control our nation's entire infrastructure.

Oni kontrolišu celu infrastrukturu nacije.

They're the reason you have electricity,

Oni su razlog zašto imamo struju,

grejanje, čistu vodu, hranu.

heat, clean water, food.

Computers control our military equipment,

Kompjuteri kontrolišu vojnu opremu,

everything from missile silos to satellites

sve od raketnih silosa i satelita,

to nuclear defense networks.

do nuklearne mreže odbrane.

Sve ove stvari su moguće

All of these things are made possible

zahvaljujući kompjuterima,

because of computers,

and therefore because of cyber,

pa prema tome i zahvaljujući sajberu,

and when something goes wrong,

jer kad nešto krene naopako,

cyber can make all of these things impossible.

sajber može sve te stvari da onemogući.

Ali tada na scenu stupam ja.

But that's where I step in.

A big part of my job is defending all of these things,

Važan deo mog posla je zaštita svih tih stvari,

keeping them working,

održavanje njihovog rada,

but once in a while, part of my job is to break one of these things,

ali ponekad, to je i rušenje nekih od ovih stvari,

because cyber isn't just about defense,

jer sajber nije samo odbrana,

već i napad.

it's also about offense.

Ulazimo u doba u kojem se govori

We're entering an age where we talk about

cyberweapons.

o sajber oružju.

In fact, so great is the potential for cyber offense

Zapravo, potencijal sajber napada je toliki

that cyber is considered a new domain of warfare.

da se sajber smatra novim ratnim poljem.

Warfare.

Ratno polje.

It's not necessarily a bad thing.

To nije nužno loša stvar.

On the one hand, it means we have whole new front

S jedne strane, to znači da imamo ceo jedan novi front

on which we need to defend ourselves,

na kome moramo da se branimo,

but on the other hand,

ali s druge strane,

it means we have a whole new way to attack,

to znači da imamo potpuno nov način da napadamo,

a whole new way to stop evil people

potpuno nov način da zaustavimo zle ljude

from doing evil things.

u njihovim zlim namerama.

So let's consider an example of this

Pa hajde da zamislimo jedan primer ovoga,

that's completely theoretical.

koji je potpuno teoretski.

Suppose a terrorist wants to blow up a building,

Recimo da terorista hoće da raznese zgradu,

and he wants to do this again and again

i hoće to da uradi još nekoliko puta

in the future.

u budućnosti.

Znači, ne želi da bude u zgradi kad ona eksplodira.

So he doesn't want to be in that building when it explodes.

He's going to use a cell phone

Koristiće mobilni telefon

as a remote detonator.

kao daljinski detonator.

Now, it used to be the only way we had

Nekada je jedini način

da se terorista zaustavi

to stop this terrorist

bio pomoću pištolja i jurnjavom kolima,

was with a hail of bullets and a car chase,

but that's not necessarily true anymore.

ali sada to više nije nužno tako.

We're entering an age where we can stop him

Ulazimo u doba kada ga možemo zaustaviti

with the press of a button

samo pritiskom dugmeta,

from 1,000 miles away,

s udaljenosti od 1 600 kilometara,

because whether he knew it or not,

jer, znao on to ili ne,

as soon as he decided to use his cell phone,

čim je rešio da koristi mobilni,

he stepped into the realm of cyber.

zakoračio je u carstvo sajbera.

Dobro osmišljen sajber napad bi mogao da uđe u podatke s njegovog telefona,

A well-crafted cyber attack could break into his phone,

disable the overvoltage protections on his battery,

onemogući zaštitu baterije od prevelikog napona,

drastically overload the circuit,

preoptereti strujna kola,

cause the battery to overheat, and explode.

prouzrokuje pregrevanje baterije, i ona eksplodira.

No more phone, no more detonator,

Nema više telefona, nema detonatora,

maybe no more terrorist,

možda više nema ni teroriste,

i sve to pritiskom na dugme

all with the press of a button

from a thousand miles away.

sa ogromne udaljenosti.

So how does this work?

Pa kako to funkcioniše?

It all comes back to those ones and zeros.

Sve počinje od ovih nula i jedinica.

Binary information makes your phone work,

Binarne informacije omogućavaju rad telefona,

and used correctly, it can make your phone explode.

i ako se pravilno koriste, mogu uzrokovati da telefon eksplodira.

So when you start to look at cyber from this perspective,

Pa kada se sajber posmatra iz ovog ugla,

spending your life sifting through binary information

život proveden u pregledanju binarnih informacija

počinje da izgleda uzbudljivije.

starts to seem kind of exciting.

But here's the catch: This is hard,

Ali evo i cake: ovo je teško,

really, really hard,

jako, jako teško,

and here's why.

i evo zašto.

Think about everything you have on your cell phone.

Pomislite na sve ono što imate u telefonu.

You've got the pictures you've taken.

Imate svoje slike.

You've got the music you listen to.

Imate muziku koju slušate.

You've got your contacts list,

Imate listu kontakata,

your email, and probably 500 apps

imejl, i verovatno 500 aplikacija

you've never used in your entire life,

koje niste nikad u životu koristili,

and behind all of this is the software, the code,

i iza svega toga stoji softver,

kod koji kontroliše telefon,

that controls your phone,

and somewhere, buried inside of that code,

i negde, sakriven unutar tog koda

is a tiny piece that controls your battery,

je malecni deo koji kontroliše bateriju,

i to je baš ono što meni treba,

and that's what I'm really after,

but all of this, just a bunch of ones and zeros,

ali sve to, gomila jedinica i nula,

i sve je to pomešano zajedno.

and it's all just mixed together.

U sajberu ovo zovemo traženje igle u gomili igala,

In cyber, we call this finding a needle in a stack of needles,

because everything pretty much looks alike.

jer sve izgleda jako slično.

Ja tražim jedan ključni deo

I'm looking for one key piece,

but it just blends in with everything else.

ali on se utapa u sve oko njega.

So let's step back from this theoretical situation

Hajde da se malo udaljimo od ove teoretske situacije

of making a terrorist's phone explode,

u kojoj pokušavamo da raznesemo telefon teroriste

and look at something that actually happened to me.

i pričamo o nečemu što mi se zapravo dogodilo.

Pretty much no matter what I do,

Uglavnom, šta god da radim,

my job always starts with sitting down

moj posao započinje tako što sednem

with a whole bunch of binary information,

pred gomilu binarnih informacija,

and I'm always looking for one key piece

i uvek tražim jedan ključni deo

to do something specific.

da bih mogao da uradim nešto konkterno.

In this case, I was looking for a very advanced,

U ovom slučaju, tražio sam veoma napredan,

very high-tech piece of code

visokotehnološki deo koda

that I knew I could hack,

za koji sam znao da mogu da hakujem,

but it was somewhere buried

ali bio je negde zatrpan

inside of a billion ones and zeroes.

u milijardi jedinica i nula.

Unfortunately for me, I didn't know

Na moju žalost, nisam znao

quite what I was looking for.

šta tačno treba da tražim.

I didn't know quite what it would look like,

Nisam znao baš kako to izgleda,

which makes finding it really, really hard.

što je pronalaženje činilo još težim.

Kad moram da radim nešto ovako,

When I have to do that, what I have to do

is basically look at various pieces

praktično moram da gledam u različite delove

of this binary information,

ovih binarnih informacija,

try to decipher each piece, and see if it might be

probam da dešifrujem svaki deo,

i vidim da li bi to moglo biti ono što tražim.

what I'm after.

So after a while, I thought I had found the piece

I posle nekog vremena, mislio sam

I was looking for.

da sam našao deo koji sam tražio.

I thought maybe this was it.

Mislio sam da je to možda to.

It seemed to be about right, but I couldn't quite tell.

Izgledalo je dobro, ali nisam bio siguran.

I couldn't tell what those ones and zeros represented.

Nisam znao šta su tačno te nule i jedinice predstavljale.

So I spent some time trying to put this together,

Tako sam proveo neko vreme pokušavajući sve da sklopim,

ali nisam baš imao sreće,

but wasn't having a whole lot of luck,

and finally I decided,

i na kraju sam ipak odlučio

I'm going to get through this,

da ću da dovedem stvar do kraja,

I'm going to come in on a weekend,

da ću da dođem preko vikenda

and I'm not going to leave

i neću da odem dok ne otkrijem

until I figure out what this represents.

šta taj deo predstavlja.

So that's what I did. I came in on a Saturday morning,

To sam i uradio. Došao sam u subotu ujutro,

and about 10 hours in, I sort of had all the pieces to the puzzle.

i posle desetak sati, imao sam sve delove slagalice.

I just didn't know how they fit together.

Samo nisam znao kako se uklapaju u celinu.

I didn't know what these ones and zeros meant.

Nisam znao šta sve nule i jedinice znače.

I posle 15 sati,

At the 15-hour mark,

I started to get a better picture of what was there,

počeo sam da dobijam jasniju sliku onoga što sam našao,

but I had a creeping suspicion

ali imao sam jeziv predosećaj

that what I was looking at

da ono u šta sam gledao

was not at all related to what I was looking for.

nema veze sa onim što sam tražio.

Posle 20 sati, delići su se počeli uklapati

By 20 hours, the pieces started to come together

very slowly — (Laughter) —

veoma polako - (Smeh) -

and I was pretty sure I was going down

i tad sam već bio siguran

the wrong path at this point,

da sam bio na pogrešnom putu,

but I wasn't going to give up.

ali nisam hteo da odustanem.

After 30 hours in the lab,

Posle 30 sati provedenih u laboratoriji,

znao sam tačno u šta gledam,

I figured out exactly what I was looking at,

and I was right, it wasn't what I was looking for.

i bio sam u pravu, to nije bilo ono što sam tražio.

I spent 30 hours piecing together

Proveo sam 30 sati slažući

the ones and zeros that formed a picture of a kitten.

jedinice i nule koje su formirale sliku mačeta,

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I wasted 30 hours of my life searching for this kitten

Potrošio sam 30 sati života tražeći ovo mače

that had nothing at all to do

koje nije imalo veze sa onim

with what I was trying to accomplish.

što sam želeo da uradim.

So I was frustrated, I was exhausted.

Bio sam frustriran i premoren.

After 30 hours in the lab, I probably smelled horrible.

Posle 30 sati u laboratoriji, verovatno sam užasno i mirisao.

But instead of just going home

Ali umesto da samo odem kući

and calling it quits, I took a step back

i odustanem, zastao sam

and asked myself, what went wrong here?

i zapitao se šta je ovde pošlo naopako?

How could I make such a stupid mistake?

Kako sam mogao da napravim ovako glupu grešku?

Prilično sam dobar u ovome.

I'm really pretty good at this.

I do this for a living.

Bavim se time.

So what happened?

Pa šta se desilo?

Pa, pomislio sam, kad tražiš informacije na ovom nivou

Well I thought, when you're looking at information at this level,

it's so easy to lose track of what you're doing.

tako je lako izgubiti pojam o onome što radiš.

It's easy to not see the forest through the trees.

Lako je ne videti šumu od drveća,

It's easy to go down the wrong rabbit hole

lako je završiti u ćorsokaku

and waste a tremendous amount of time

i potrošiti ogromnu količinu vremena

doing the wrong thing.

radeći pogrešnu stvar.

Ali, imao sam prosvetljenje.

But I had this epiphany.

We were looking at the data completely incorrectly

Tražili smo podatke na potpuno pogrešan način

since day one.

od samog početka.

Ovako kompjuteri misle, u jedinicama i nulama.

This is how computers think, ones and zeros.

It's not how people think,

Ljudi ne razmišljaju ovako,

but we've been trying to adapt our minds

ali pokušavali smo da prilagodimo svoj um

to think more like computers

tako da misle slično kompjuterima

so that we can understand this information.

da bismo mogli da razumemo ove informacije.

Instead of trying to make our minds fit the problem,

Umesto da prilagodimo naš um problemu,

we should have been making the problem

trebalo bi da prilagodimo problem

fit our minds,

because our brains have a tremendous potential

našem umu,

jer naš mozak ima ogroman potencijal

for analyzing huge amounts of information,

da analizira ogromne količine informacija,

just not like this.

samo ne na ovaj način.

Šta ako bismo mogli da oslobodimo taj potencijal,

So what if we could unlock that potential

just by translating this

samo prevodeći ovo

to the right kind of information?

u pravu vrstu informacija?

So with these ideas in mind,

Sa ovom idejom na umu

I sprinted out of my basement lab at work

izleteo sam iz laboratorije sa posla

to my basement lab at home,

which looked pretty much the same.

u laboratoriju kod kuće,

koje izgledaju skoro pa isto.

The main difference is, at work,

Glavna razlika je što sam na poslu

I'm surrounded by cyber materials,

okružen sajber materijalom,

and cyber seemed to be the problem in this situation.

a izgleda da je baš sajber bio problem u ovoj situaciji.

At home, I'm surrounded by everything else I've ever learned.

Kod kuće, okružen sam svime ostalim što sam naučio.

So I poured through every book I could find,

Pa sam prošao kroz svaku knjigu koju sam našao

every idea I'd ever encountered,

svaku ideju koju sam dobio

to see how could we translate a problem

da vidim kako da prevedem problem

from one domain to something completely different?

iz jednog domena u nešto potpuno drugačije?

The biggest question was,

Najvažnije pitanje bilo je

what do we want to translate it to?

u šta tačno da ga prevedemo?

What do our brains do perfectly naturally

Šta naš mozak radi savršeno prirodno,

that we could exploit?

a što možemo da iskoristimo?

My answer was vision.

Moj odgovor je bio vid.

We have a tremendous capability to analyze visual information.

Imamo izvanrednu sposobnost da analiziramo vizuelne informacije.

We can combine color gradients, depth cues,

Možemo da kombinujemo nijanse boja, znakove dubine,

all sorts of these different signals

sve te različite signale

into one coherent picture of the world around us.

u jednu skladnu sliku sveta oko nas.

That's incredible.

To je neverovatno.

So if we could find a way to translate

Pa ako bismo mogli da pronađemo način

these binary patterns to visual signals,

da prevedemo ove binarne obrasce u vizuelne signale,

we could really unlock the power of our brains

zaista bismo oslobodili moć našeg mozga

to process this stuff.

da obradi ove podatke.

So I started looking at the binary information,

Tako sam počeo da pregledam binarne informacije

and I asked myself, what do I do

i zapitao se šta ja radim

when I first encounter something like this?

kada se prvi put sretnem sa nečim ovakvim?

And the very first thing I want to do,

I prva stvar koju sam želeo da uradim,

the very first question I want to answer,

is what is this?

prvo pitanje na koje sam želeo da odgovorim

I don't care what it does, how it works.

bilo je šta je ovo?

Ne zanima me šta radi, kako radi.

All I want to know is, what is this?

Sve što me zanima je šta je to.

And the way I can figure that out

I način na koji to mogu da saznam

is by looking at chunks,

je gledajući odlomke,

sequential chunks of binary information,

uzastopne grupe binarnih informacija

and I look at the relationships between those chunks.

i pogledam veze između njih.

When I gather up enough of these sequences,

Kada ih sakupim dovoljno,

I begin to get an idea of exactly

počinjem da dobijam ideju

šta bi ova informacija tačno mogla biti.

what this information must be.

Pa hajde da se vratimo na situaciju

So let's go back to that

blow up the terrorist's phone situation.

u kojoj raznesemo telefon teroriste.

This is what English text looks like

Ovako izgleda engleski tekst

at a binary level.

na binarnom nivou.

This is what your contacts list would look like

Ovako bi vaša lista kontakata izgledala

if I were examining it.

kada bih je pregledao.

It's really hard to analyze this at this level,

Veoma je teško analizirati na ovom nivou,

but if we take those same binary chunks

ali ako uzmemo te iste binarne odlomke

that I would be trying to find,

koje bih pokušavao da nađem,

and instead translate that

i umesto toga ih prevedemo

to a visual representation,

u vizuelne prikaze,

translate those relationships,

prevedemo njihove odnose,

this is what we get.

dobijamo ovo.

This is what English text looks like

Ovako izgleda tekst na engleskom

from a visual abstraction perspective.

iz perspektive vizuelne apstrakcije.

All of a sudden,

Iznenada,

pokazuje nam sve iste informacije

it shows us all the same information

that was in the ones and zeros,

koje su bile u jedinicama i nulama

but show us it in an entirely different way,

ali pokazuje ih na skroz drugačiji način,

a way that we can immediately comprehend.

na način koji možemo odmah da razumemo.

We can instantly see all of the patterns here.

Možemo odmah da vidimo šablon.

It takes me seconds to pick out patterns here,

Treba mi samo par sekundi da ovde izdvojim šablone,

ali bi mi trebali sati, dani,

but hours, days, to pick them out

da ih uočim u nulama i jedinicama.

in ones and zeros.

It takes minutes for anybody to learn

Potrebno je samo nekoliko minuta

what these patterns represent here,

da se nauči šta ovi šabloni predstavljaju,

but years of experience in cyber

ali su potrebne godine iskustva u sajberu

to learn what those same patterns represent

da se nauči šta ti isti šabloni

in ones and zeros.

predstavljaju u jedinicama i nulama.

So this piece is caused by

Ovaj deo izgleda ovako

lower case letters followed by lower case letters

jer predstavlja mala slova iza kojih sledi još malih slova

inside of that contact list.

unutar ove liste kontakata.

This is upper case by upper case,

Ovo su velika slova pored velikih slova,

upper case by lower case, lower case by upper case.

velika pored malih, mala pored velikih.

This is caused by spaces. This is caused by carriage returns.

Ovo su razmaci. Ovo je prelazak u novi red.

We can go through every little detail

Možemo pregledati svaki detalj

of the binary information in seconds,

binarnih informacija u sekundama,

nasuprot nedeljama, mesecima, na ovom nivou,

as opposed to weeks, months, at this level.

This is what an image looks like

Ovako izgleda slika

from your cell phone.

sa vašeg telefona.

But this is what it looks like

Ali ovako izgleda

in a visual abstraction.

njena vizuelna apstrakcija.

This is what your music looks like,

Ovako izgleda vaša muzika,

but here's its visual abstraction.

ali ovo je njena vizuelna apstrakcija.

Most importantly for me,

Za mene najvažnije,

this is what the code on your cell phone looks like.

ovako ozgleda kod na vašem telefonu.

This is what I'm after in the end,

Na kraju, ovo je ono što mi treba,

but this is its visual abstraction.

ali ovo je njegova vizuelna apstrakcija.

If I can find this, I can't make the phone explode.

Ako ne mogu da nađem ovo, ne mogu da učinim da telefon eksplodira.

I could spend weeks trying to find this

Mogao bih provesti nedelje tražeći ovo

in ones and zeros,

u jedinicama i nulama,

but it takes me seconds to pick out

ali trebaju mi sekunde da ga izdvojim

a visual abstraction like this.

od ostalih vizualnih apstrakcija.

Jedna od najboljih stvari u ovome

One of those most remarkable parts about all of this

je što nam daje potpuno nov način da razumemo

is it gives us an entirely new way to understand

nove informacije, stvari koje nismo pre videli.

new information, stuff that we haven't seen before.

So I know what English looks like at a binary level,

Znam kako engleski izgleda na binarnom nivou,

and I know what its visual abstraction looks like,

i znam kako njegova vizuelna apstrakcija izgleda,

but I've never seen Russian binary in my entire life.

ali nikad nisam video ruski na binarnom nivou.

Trebale bi mi nedelje samo da provalim

It would take me weeks just to figure out

what I was looking at from raw ones and zeros,

u šta gledam, samo na osnovu jedinica i nula,

but because our brains can instantly pick up

ali pošto naš mozak može odmah da izdvoji

and recognize these subtle patterns inside

i prepozna ove suptilne šablone

of these visual abstractions,

unutar ovih vizuelnih apstrakcija,

we can unconsciously apply those

možemo ih nesvesno primeniti

in new situations.

i u novim situacijama.

So this is what Russian looks like

Pa evo kako ruski izgleda

in a visual abstraction.

u vizualnoj apstrakciji.

Because I know what one language looks like,

Pošto znam kako jedan jezik izgleda,

I can recognize other languages

mogu da prepoznam i druge jezike,

even when I'm not familiar with them.

čak i ako ih ne znam.

Ovako izgleda fotografija,

This is what a photograph looks like,

but this is what clip art looks like.

ali ovako izgleda crtež.

This is what the code on your phone looks like,

Ovako izgleda kod na vašem telefonu,

but this is what the code on your computer looks like.

a ovako izgleda kod na vašem kompjuteru.

Naš mozak može da uoči ove šablone

Our brains can pick up on these patterns

in ways that we never could have

na načine na koje mi nikada ne bismo mogli

from looking at raw ones and zeros.

kada bismo samo gledali u jedinice i nule.

But we've really only scratched the surface

Ali ovim smo tek zagrebali površinu

of what we can do with this approach.

onoga što se može uraditi ovim pristupom.

We've only begun to unlock the capabilities

Tek smo počeli da otključavamo mogućnosti

of our minds to process visual information.

našeg uma da procesira vizuelne informacije.

If we take those same concepts and translate them

Ako uzmemo te iste koncepte i prevedemo ih

into three dimensions instead,

u tri dimenzije,

dobijamo potpuno nov način razumevanja ovih informacija.

we find entirely new ways of making sense of information.

U sekundi možemo naći svaki šablon ovde.

In seconds, we can pick out every pattern here.

we can see the cross associated with code.

Možemo videti krst povezan sa kodom.

We can see cubes associated with text.

Možemo videti kockice povezane sa tekstom.

We can even pick up the tiniest visual artifacts.

Možemo čak razaznati najsitnije vizuelne artefakte.

Things that would take us weeks,

Stvari za koje bi nam trebale nedelje,

months to find in ones and zeroes,

pa i meseci da ih pronađemo među nulama i jedinicama,

are immediately apparent

odmah su uočljive

in some sort of visual abstraction,

u nekoj vrsti vizuelne apstrakcije,

and as we continue to go through this

i kako nastavljamo ovim putem,

and throw more and more information at it,

i ubacujemo sve više i više informacija,

what we find is that we're capable of processing

shvatamo da smo sposobni da procesuiramo

billions of ones and zeros

milijarde nula i jedinica

in a matter of seconds

u roku od nekoliko sekundi

just by using our brain's built-in ability

koristeći samo prirodnu sposobnost našeg mozga

to analyze patterns.

da analizira šablone.

So this is really nice and helpful,

Ovo je sve stvarno lepo i korisno,

but all this tells me is what I'm looking at.

ali sve što ovako saznajem je u šta gledam.

So at this point, based on visual patterns,

U ovoj fazi, na osnovu vizuelnih šablona,

I can find the code on the phone.

mogu da pronađem kod na telefonu.

But that's not enough to blow up a battery.

Ali to nije dovoljno da raznesem bateriju.

The next thing I need to find is the code

Sledeće što treba da uradim je da nađem kod

that controls the battery, but we're back

koji kontroliše bateriju, ali sad smo se vratili

to the needle in a stack of needles problem.

na problem igle u gomili igala.

That code looks pretty much like all the other code

Taj kod izgleda baš kao i gomila

on that system.

drugih kodova u sistemu.

Dakle, možda ne mogu da nađem kod koji kontroliše bateriju,

So I might not be able to find the code that controls the battery,

but there's a lot of things that are very similar to that.

ali postoji mnogo stvari sličnih njemu.

You have code that controls your screen,

Imamo kod koji kontroliše ekran,

that controls your buttons, that controls your microphones,

koji kontroliše dugmad, koji kontroliše mikrofon,

so even if I can't find the code for the battery,

pa čak i ako ne mogu da nađem kod za bateriju,

I bet I can find one of those things.

sigurno mogu da nađem neku od ovih stvari.

So the next step in my binary analysis process

Tako je moj sledeći korak u binarnoj analizi

is to look at pieces of information

da pregledam informacije

that are similar to each other.

koje su međusobno slične.

It's really, really hard to do at a binary level,

To je stvarno jako teško uraditi na binarnom nivou,

ali ako prevedemo te sličnosti u vizuelne apstrakcije,

but if we translate those similarities to a visual abstraction instead,

I don't even have to sift through the raw data.

ja čak ne moram ni da pretražujem informacije.

All I have to do is wait for the image to light up

Samo treba da sačekam da slika zasvetli

to see when I'm at similar pieces.

da vidim kad sam blizu sličnih delova.

I follow these strands of similarity like a trail of bread crumbs

Pratim ove niti sličnosti kao trag od mrvica hleba

to find exactly what I'm looking for.

da nađem baš to što meni treba.

U ovoj fazi procesa,

So at this point in the process,

I've located the code

locirao sam kod

responsible for controlling your battery,

koji kontrološe bateriju,

but that's still not enough to blow up a phone.

ali to i dalje nije dovoljno da raznesem telefon.

The last piece of the puzzle

Poslednji delić slagalice

is understanding how that code

je razumevanje kako taj kod

kontroliše bateriju.

controls your battery.

For this, I need to identify

Za ovo, moram da identifikujem

very subtle, very detailed relationships

veoma suptilne, veoma detaljne odnose

within that binary information,

unutar tih binarnih informacija,

another very hard thing to do

što je još jedna veoma teška stvar

when looking at ones and zeros.

kada se gledaju nule i jedinice.

But if we translate that information

Ali ako te informacije prevedemo

into a physical representation,

u fizičku reprezentaciju,

we can sit back and let our visual cortex do all the hard work.

možemo da sednemo i pustimo naš vizuelni korteks da uradi težak posao.

It can find all the detailed patterns,

On može da nađe sve detaljne šablone,

all the important pieces, for us.

sve važne delove, umesto nas.

It can find out exactly how the pieces of that code

Možđe da nađe tačno kako delovi tog koda

work together to control that battery.

rade zajedno i kontrolišu bateriju.

All of this can be done in a matter of hours,

Sve ovo se može završiti za nekoliko sati,

whereas the same process

dok bi nam za ceo posao

would have taken months in the past.

u prošlosti trebali meseci.

This is all well and good

Sve je ovo dobro

in a theoretical blow up a terrorist's phone situation.

u teoretskoj situaciji gde raznosimo telefon teroriste.

I wanted to find out if this would really work

Hteo sam da saznam da li ovo stvarno može da funkcioniše

in the work I do every day.

na poslu koji radim svaki dan.

So I was playing around with these same concepts

Tako sam se malo igrao sa ovim istim konceptima,

with some of the data I've looked at in the past,

sa nekim informacijama sa kojima sam radio ranije,

and yet again, I was trying to find

i ponovo, pokušavao sam da nađem

a very detailed, specific piece of code

neki veoma detaljan, specifičan deo koda

inside of a massive piece of binary information.

unutar ogromne količine binarnih informacija.

So I looked at it at this level,

Tako sam tražio na ovom nivou,

thinking I was looking at the right thing,

misleći da sam našao pravu stvar,

only to see this doesn't have

samo da bih shvatio da ovo baš i nema

the connectivity I would have expected

povezanost kakvu sam očekivao da ima

for the code I was looking for.

kod koji sam tražio.

In fact, I'm not really sure what this is,

Zapravo, nisam baš siguran šta je ovo,

but when I stepped back a level

ali kada sam otišao korak unazad

and looked at the similarities within the code

i pogledao sličnosti unutar kodova,

I saw, this doesn't have similarities

video sam, ovaj nema nikakvih sličnosti

like any code that exists out there.

sa kodovima koji postoje.

I can't even be looking at code.

Ovo što gledam čak nije ni kod.

In fact, from this perspective,

Zapravo, iz ove perspektive,

mogao sam da vidim da ovo nije kod.

I could tell, this isn't code.

Ovo je neka slika.

This is an image of some sort.

And from here, I can see,

I odavde, vidim

it's not just an image, this is a photograph.

da to nije samo neka sličica, ovo je fotografija.

Now that I know it's a photograph,

Sad kad znam da je to fotografija,

I've got dozens of other binary translation techniques

imam gomilu drugih tehnika prevoda binarnih informacija

to visualize and understand that information,

da vizualizujem i razumem te informacije,

so in a matter of seconds, we can take this information,

pa u par sekundi mogu da uzmem te informacije,

provučem ih kroz grupu drugih vizuelnih prevodilačkih tehnika

shove it through a dozen other visual translation techniques

in order to find out exactly what we were looking at.

da bih pronašao šta je to u šta gledam.

I saw — (Laughter) —

Video sam - (Smeh) -

it was that darn kitten again.

da je to opet ono prokleto mače.

All this is enabled

Sve ovo je omogućeno

because we were able to find a way

jer smo uspeli da nađemo način

to translate a very hard problem

da prevedemo veoma težak problem

to something our brains do very naturally.

u nešto što naš mozak radi prirodno.

So what does this mean?

Pa šta sad ovo znači?

Well, for kittens, it means

Pa, za mačiće, znači

no more hiding in ones and zeros.

da nema više skrivanja među nulama i jedinicama.

For me, it means no more wasted weekends.

Za mene, znači da nema više protraćenih vikenda.

For cyber, it means we have a radical new way

Za sajber, to znači da imamo potpuno nov način

to tackle the most impossible problems.

da se suočimo sa najtežim problemima.

It means we have a new weapon

Znači da imamo novo oružje

in the evolving theater of cyber warfare,

na ovoj novoj sceni sajber ratnog polja

but for all of us,

ali za sve nas,

it means that cyber engineers

znači da sajber inženjeri

now have the ability to become first responders

sada imaju mogućnost da prvi odreaguju

in emergency situations.

u hitnim situacijama.

When seconds count,

Za situacije kada su i sekunde važne,

we've unlocked the means to stop the bad guys.

pronašli smo način da zaustavimo loše momke.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)