Chris Domas: The 1s and 0s behind cyber warfare

譯者: Ana Choi 審譯者: YuFang Liu

This is a lot of ones and zeros.

這裡有很多1和0

It's what we call binary information.

就是所謂的二進制信息。

This is how computers talk.

這是電腦溝通的方式。

It's how they store information.

這是它們收集資料的方式。

It's how computers think.

這是電腦的思考方式。

It's how computers do

這就是電腦的運作

everything it is that computers do.

會做的所有事情。

I'm a cybersecurity researcher,

我是一個網路安全研究員,

which means my job is to sit down with this information

我的工作就是研究該信息,

and try to make sense of it,

和把該信息弄清楚,

to try to understand what all the ones and zeroes mean.

嘗試去明白1和0的意思。

Unfortunately for me, we're not just talking

不幸的是，我們不只討論

about the ones and zeros I have on the screen here.

我這裡這個屏幕的1和0。

We're not just talking about a few pages of ones and zeros.

我們不只是說著幾頁的1和0。

We're talking about billions and billions

我們說的是上億個

of ones and zeros,

1和0，

more than anyone could possibly comprehend.

是超過任何人所能理解的。

Now, as exciting as that sounds,

現在，令人感興趣的是

when I first started doing cyber —

當我剛開始做網路

(Laughter) —

— (歡笑聲) —

when I first started doing cyber, I wasn't sure

當我剛開始做網路, 我並不確定

that sifting through ones and zeros

探討1和0

was what I wanted to do with the rest of my life,

是我一辈子想做的事。

because in my mind, cyber

因為在我的腦海裡，網路是在

was keeping viruses off of my grandma's computer,

防止病毒侵略我奶奶的​​電腦，

it was keeping people's Myspace pages from being hacked,

防止Myspace的網頁被駭客入侵，

and maybe, maybe on my most glorious day,

也許在我最輝煌的日子，

it was keeping someone's credit card information from being stolen.

它防止人們的信用卡資料被盜用。

Those are important things,

這些都是重要的因素，

but that's not how I wanted to spend my life.

但這不是我想度過我人生的方式。

But after 30 minutes of work

但工作三十分鐘之後

as a defense contractor,

作為一名國防承包商，

I soon found out that my idea of cyber

我開始發現我的網路概念

was a little bit off.

有點不對勁。

In fact, in terms of national security,

事實上，在國防眼裡，

keeping viruses off of my grandma's computer

防止病毒侵略我奶奶的​​電腦

was surprisingly low on their priority list.

在他們的列表裡實在不重要。

And the reason for that is cyber

原因是網路

is so much bigger than any one of those things.

比任何上述事件還來得大。

Cyber is an integral part of all of our lives,

網路是我們生活中不可或缺的東西，

because computers are an integral part of all of our lives,

因為電腦是我們生活中不可或缺的東西

even if you don't own a computer.

就算你沒擁有電腦。

Computers control everything in your car,

電腦掌控你車上的一切，

from your GPS to your airbags.

從全球定位系統到安全氣囊，

They control your phone.

它控制你的電話。

They're the reason you can call 911

你之所以能撥911

and get someone on the other line.

與別人連線都因為它。

They control our nation's entire infrastructure.

它掌控了國家的整個基礎建設,

They're the reason you have electricity,

之所以你能使用電,

heat, clean water, food.

使用熱能、飲用水、食物,

Computers control our military equipment,

電腦也掌控了軍用設備,

everything from missile silos to satellites

從飛彈基地到衛星

to nuclear defense networks.

一直到核能防禦系統,

All of these things are made possible

上述所有事情的運作

because of computers,

都依賴著電腦,

and therefore because of cyber,

所以網路極為重要

and when something goes wrong,

當其中一個環節出錯,

cyber can make all of these things impossible.

網路也能使所有事情無法運作。

But that's where I step in.

但這就是我踏進網路世界的地方。

A big part of my job is defending all of these things,

我工作的主要任務是保護全部的東西,

keeping them working,

確保它們能運作,

but once in a while, part of my job is to break one of these things,

但有些時候，我需要破壞其中的一些東西,

because cyber isn't just about defense,

因為網路不光只有保護,

it's also about offense.

它也包括破壞。

We're entering an age where we talk about

我們現在來到了

cyberweapons.

網路武器的時代。

In fact, so great is the potential for cyber offense

事實上，訝異的是網路武器

that cyber is considered a new domain of warfare.

的範疇已經擴大到了戰爭的地步。

Warfare.

戰爭。

It's not necessarily a bad thing.

它不一定是壞事。

On the one hand, it means we have whole new front

在一方面，它意味著我們需要有

on which we need to defend ourselves,

全新的戰線來保護自己，

but on the other hand,

但另一方面，

it means we have a whole new way to attack,

也表示我們有一種全新的攻擊方式，

a whole new way to stop evil people

全新的辦法來阻止邪惡的人

from doing evil things.

做邪惡的事情。

So let's consider an example of this

讓我們用完全理論的例子

that's completely theoretical.

來考慮這一點。

Suppose a terrorist wants to blow up a building,

假設恐怖分子要炸毀一座建築物，

and he wants to do this again and again

他想在未來一次又一次的

in the future.

做到這一點。

So he doesn't want to be in that building when it explodes.

所以在該建築物爆炸時他並不想在場。

He's going to use a cell phone

他會使用手機

as a remote detonator.

作為遙控引爆。

Now, it used to be the only way we had

以往, 唯一制止

to stop this terrorist

這種恐怖份子,

was with a hail of bullets and a car chase,

便是我們必須槍林彈雨和汽車追逐，

but that's not necessarily true anymore.

但現在這未必需要了。

We're entering an age where we can stop him

我們正在進入這樣的一個時代，

with the press of a button

按一個鈕阻止他

from 1,000 miles away,

從1000英里外，

because whether he knew it or not,

因為無論他知道與否，

as soon as he decided to use his cell phone,

只要他決定用他的手機，

he stepped into the realm of cyber.

他便走進網路的領域。

A well-crafted cyber attack could break into his phone,

一個精心製作的網路攻擊 可以侵略他的手機，

disable the overvoltage protections on his battery,

對他的電池禁用過壓保護，

drastically overload the circuit,

大幅度的電路超載，

cause the battery to overheat, and explode.

導致電池過熱和爆炸。

No more phone, no more detonator,

沒有手機，沒有引爆器，

maybe no more terrorist,

也許恐怖分子都沒了，

all with the press of a button

按一個按鈕

from a thousand miles away.

全都是千里之外。

So how does this work?

那麼這是如何運作呢？

It all comes back to those ones and zeros.

這一切都回到那些1和0。

Binary information makes your phone work,

二進制信息使你的手機的運作，

and used correctly, it can make your phone explode.

正確使用它，可以讓你的手機爆炸。

So when you start to look at cyber from this perspective,

因此，當你開始從這個角度來看網路，

spending your life sifting through binary information

篩選二進制信息過生活

starts to seem kind of exciting.

開始似乎有點剌激。

But here's the catch: This is hard,

但這裡才是大問題：這是很艱苦的，

really, really hard,

真的，真的很艱苦，

and here's why.

原因如下。

Think about everything you have on your cell phone.

想想你在手機裡擁有的一切。

You've got the pictures you've taken.

你擁有你所拍攝的照片。

You've got the music you listen to.

你擁有你聽的音樂。

You've got your contacts list,

你擁有你的聯絡人清單，

your email, and probably 500 apps

你的電子郵件，大概500個應用程序，

you've never used in your entire life,

你在這一生從來沒有用過，

and behind all of this is the software, the code,

這背後的一切是軟體，代碼，

that controls your phone,

控制你的手機，

and somewhere, buried inside of that code,

在某一處，埋藏裡面的代碼，

is a tiny piece that controls your battery,

是控制你電池的一小片，

and that's what I'm really after,

那就是我真正找的東西，

but all of this, just a bunch of ones and zeros,

但這一切，只是一堆1和0，

and it's all just mixed together.

而這全部都混在一起。

In cyber, we call this finding a needle in a stack of needles,

在網路中，我們稱這是 在一堆針裡找出一支針，

because everything pretty much looks alike.

因為所有東西都非常相似。

I'm looking for one key piece,

我在尋找關鍵的一塊，

but it just blends in with everything else.

但它混在其中。

So let's step back from this theoretical situation

讓我們退後一步

of making a terrorist's phone explode,

走出製造恐怖手機爆炸 這類理論的情況，

and look at something that actually happened to me.

看看真實發生在我身上的事。

Pretty much no matter what I do,

幾乎不管我做什麼，

my job always starts with sitting down

我的工作總是坐下來

with a whole bunch of binary information,

從一大堆的二進制信息，

and I'm always looking for one key piece

一直做一些具體的事情

to do something specific.

尋找一個關鍵的部分。

In this case, I was looking for a very advanced,

在這種情況下，我要尋找一種非常先進，

very high-tech piece of code

非常高科技的一行代碼，

that I knew I could hack,

我知道我能破解的代碼，

but it was somewhere buried

但它埋藏在

inside of a billion ones and zeroes.

十億個1和0的內部的某處。

Unfortunately for me, I didn't know

不幸的是，我不知道

quite what I was looking for.

我究竟在找什麼。

I didn't know quite what it would look like,

我不知道它看起來像什麼，

which makes finding it really, really hard.

這使得要發現它真的，真的很辛苦。

When I have to do that, what I have to do

當我這樣做，

is basically look at various pieces

我基本上是要看

of this binary information,

各種二進制信息，

try to decipher each piece, and see if it might be

嘗試破解每一行信息，看看這是否

what I'm after.

是我要找的。

So after a while, I thought I had found the piece

過了一段時間後，我想我已經找到了

I was looking for.

一直在尋找的那一塊。

I thought maybe this was it.

我想這也許是它。

It seemed to be about right, but I couldn't quite tell.

這似乎是對的，但我也不太肯定。

I couldn't tell what those ones and zeros represented.

我不知道這些1和0代表什麼。

So I spent some time trying to put this together,

所以我花了一些時間，試圖把它解決，

but wasn't having a whole lot of luck,

但沒運氣，

and finally I decided,

最後我決定，

I'm going to get through this,

我要克服它，

I'm going to come in on a weekend,

我要在一個週末回來，

and I'm not going to leave

我要搞清楚這代表什麼

until I figure out what this represents.

才會離開。

So that's what I did. I came in on a Saturday morning,

我就這樣做。我在一個星期六的早晨，

and about 10 hours in, I sort of had all the pieces to the puzzle.

花約10小時，點滴匯集所有資料。

I just didn't know how they fit together.

我只是不知道它們 是如何結合在一起的。

I didn't know what these ones and zeros meant.

我不知道這些1和0的意思。

At the 15-hour mark,

整整歷經15小時，

I started to get a better picture of what was there,

我開始更了解什麼在那裡，

but I had a creeping suspicion

但我心存疑慮

that what I was looking at

我一直在整理的資料

was not at all related to what I was looking for.

實際上與我要找的無關。

By 20 hours, the pieces started to come together

20小時後，進度開始

very slowly — (Laughter) —

非常緩慢 —（笑聲） —

and I was pretty sure I was going down

我敢肯定

the wrong path at this point,

我走錯路，

but I wasn't going to give up.

但我不會放棄。

After 30 hours in the lab,

在實驗室30小時後，

I figured out exactly what I was looking at,

我明白我一直在整理的是什麼，

and I was right, it wasn't what I was looking for.

事實證明，我是對的，這並不是我所期待的。

I spent 30 hours piecing together

我花了30小時拼湊

the ones and zeros that formed a picture of a kitten.

這些1和0, 形成一張小貓的照片。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I wasted 30 hours of my life searching for this kitten

我浪費我生命中30小時尋找這隻小貓,

that had nothing at all to do

跟我試圖

with what I was trying to accomplish.

完成的任務無關。

So I was frustrated, I was exhausted.

我很沮喪，我精疲力竭。

After 30 hours in the lab, I probably smelled horrible.

30小時在實驗室後， 我聞起來可能滿身汗臭。

But instead of just going home

但我沒有放棄而回家，

and calling it quits, I took a step back

而是後退了一步，

and asked myself, what went wrong here?

問自己，哪裡出了問題呢？

How could I make such a stupid mistake?

我怎麼會犯這樣一個愚蠢的錯誤？

I'm really pretty good at this.

我在這方面很能幹。

I do this for a living.

我靠這個謀生。

So what happened?

到底發生什麼事？

Well I thought, when you're looking at information at this level,

嗯，我想，當你在這個層面上看信息，

it's so easy to lose track of what you're doing.

是很容易迷失軌跡的。

It's easy to not see the forest through the trees.

當你在樹林之中是不容易見到森林的。

It's easy to go down the wrong rabbit hole

很容易走進錯誤的兔子洞，

and waste a tremendous amount of time

而浪費大量時間

doing the wrong thing.

做著錯誤的事情。

But I had this epiphany.

不過，我有這個頓悟。

We were looking at the data completely incorrectly

我們從第一天開始已經

since day one.

完全不正確地看數據。

This is how computers think, ones and zeros.

電腦就是這樣思考的，1和0。

It's not how people think,

這不是人的思考方式，

but we've been trying to adapt our minds

但我們一直在努力地適應我們的頭腦

to think more like computers

像電腦一樣思考，

so that we can understand this information.

這樣我們就可以理解這些信息。

Instead of trying to make our minds fit the problem,

我們不應該試圖讓頭腦適應問題，

we should have been making the problem

而是應該使問題

fit our minds,

符合我們的頭腦,

because our brains have a tremendous potential

因為大腦有着巨大的潛力

for analyzing huge amounts of information,

分析大量的信息，

just not like this.

但不是這樣。

So what if we could unlock that potential

如果我們能夠將這類信息

just by translating this

做正確的翻譯

to the right kind of information?

而發掘潛能呢？

So with these ideas in mind,

抱著這些想法，

I sprinted out of my basement lab at work

我從工作的地下室實驗室

to my basement lab at home,

衝到了我家裡的實驗室,

which looked pretty much the same.

實際上看起來幾乎是一樣。

The main difference is, at work,

主要的區別是，在工作時，

I'm surrounded by cyber materials,

我被網路上的材料包圍，

and cyber seemed to be the problem in this situation.

而這種情況下網路似乎是一個問題。

At home, I'm surrounded by everything else I've ever learned.

在家裡，我卻是被我所學到一切包圍。

So I poured through every book I could find,

所以，我翻遍每一本我能找到的書，

every idea I'd ever encountered,

每一個我曾有過的想法，

to see how could we translate a problem

看看我們如何才能將問題轉域

from one domain to something completely different?

換到完全不同的東西？

The biggest question was,

最大的問題是，

what do we want to translate it to?

我們想將它翻譯成什麼？

What do our brains do perfectly naturally

有什麼是我們的大腦

that we could exploit?

能夠自然的利用？

My answer was vision.

我的答案是視像。

We have a tremendous capability to analyze visual information.

我們有巨大的能力來分析視覺信息。

We can combine color gradients, depth cues,

我們可以將顏色色層，深度線索，

all sorts of these different signals

這些種種不同的信號到我們周圍的世界

into one coherent picture of the world around us.

成為一個連貫的畫面。

That's incredible.

實在是難以置信。

So if we could find a way to translate

因此，如果我們能找到一種方法

these binary patterns to visual signals,

把這些二進制模式轉換為視覺信號，

we could really unlock the power of our brains

我們才能真正解開我們的大腦功能

to process this stuff.

來處理這些東西。

So I started looking at the binary information,

於是我開始看看這些二進制信息，

and I asked myself, what do I do

我問自己，當我第一次

when I first encounter something like this?

遇到這樣的事情我會怎麼辦？

And the very first thing I want to do,

我想要做的第一件事，

the very first question I want to answer,

我要回答的第一個問題的是,

is what is this?

這是什麼？

I don't care what it does, how it works.

我不在乎它做什麼，它是如何運作。

All I want to know is, what is this?

我所想知道的是，它是什麼？

And the way I can figure that out

我從觀察一部分信號

is by looking at chunks,

便可以明白這一點，

sequential chunks of binary information,

二進制信息中的序列部分，

and I look at the relationships between those chunks.

我觀察着那些數據部分之間的關係。

When I gather up enough of these sequences,

當我收集夠這些序，

I begin to get an idea of exactly

我開始得到信息

what this information must be.

意向的頭緒。

So let's go back to that

讓我們回到那個

blow up the terrorist's phone situation.

炸毀恐怖分子電話的情境。

This is what English text looks like

在二進制級別英文文字

at a binary level.

看起來是像這樣。

This is what your contacts list would look like

你的聯絡人清單是像這樣，

if I were examining it.

如果我研究它的話。

It's really hard to analyze this at this level,

這看起來真的很難分析，

but if we take those same binary chunks

但如果我們採取這些相同的

that I would be trying to find,

二進制數據部分，

and instead translate that

而將它

to a visual representation,

翻譯成視像，

translate those relationships,

翻譯這些關係，

this is what we get.

這就是我們能夠得到的東西。

This is what English text looks like

英文文字從視覺抽象的觀點

from a visual abstraction perspective.

看起來便是這樣。

All of a sudden,

突然間，

it shows us all the same information

它向我們展示

that was in the ones and zeros,

所有1和0相同的信息，

but show us it in an entirely different way,

但以一種完全不同的方式，

a way that we can immediately comprehend.

一種我們就可以立刻理解的方式。

We can instantly see all of the patterns here.

我們在這裡可以即時看到所有的模式。

It takes me seconds to pick out patterns here,

我花了幾秒便挑出在這裡的圖案，

but hours, days, to pick them out

但從1和0之間

in ones and zeros.

就要數個小時，數天。

It takes minutes for anybody to learn

這只需要幾分鐘人們便能看到

what these patterns represent here,

這裡代表的這些圖案，

but years of experience in cyber

但要從1和0之間看到

to learn what those same patterns represent

便需要多年的

in ones and zeros.

網路經驗。

So this piece is caused by

這部分是

lower case letters followed by lower case letters

聯絡人清單裡面由小寫字母

inside of that contact list.

後跟著小寫字母所致。

This is upper case by upper case,

這是由大寫跟著大寫，

upper case by lower case, lower case by upper case.

小寫跟著大寫，大寫跟著小寫。

This is caused by spaces. This is caused by carriage returns.

這部分是空格所致。這部分歸位鍵是所致。

We can go through every little detail

這樣, 我們可以在幾秒鐘內

of the binary information in seconds,

剖析二進制信息的每個小細節，

as opposed to weeks, months, at this level.

而不是這個階段的幾個星期，幾個月。

This is what an image looks like

這就是你手機的

from your cell phone.

1和0,

But this is what it looks like

但這是看起來的

in a visual abstraction.

視覺抽象。

This is what your music looks like,

這就是你音樂的樣子，

but here's its visual abstraction.

但這是它的視覺抽象。

Most importantly for me,

對我來說更重要的是，

this is what the code on your cell phone looks like.

這就是你手機上代碼的視覺抽象。

This is what I'm after in the end,

這就是我的目的,

but this is its visual abstraction.

它的視覺抽象。

If I can find this, I can't make the phone explode.

如果我找不到這一點，我便不能讓手機發生爆炸。

I could spend weeks trying to find this

我可以花幾個星期

in ones and zeros,

在這些在1和0上

but it takes me seconds to pick out

但只需要幾秒

a visual abstraction like this.

便能挑出一個視覺的抽象。

One of those most remarkable parts about all of this

在這一切中一個最顯著的收穫

is it gives us an entirely new way to understand

是我們有著一種全新的方式

new information, stuff that we haven't seen before.

來了解新的信息，以前從未見過的方式。

So I know what English looks like at a binary level,

現在我知道在二進制層次的英文是什麼模樣，

and I know what its visual abstraction looks like,

而我知道它的視覺抽象模樣，

but I've never seen Russian binary in my entire life.

但我從來沒有見過俄羅斯文的二進制。

It would take me weeks just to figure out

我得花幾個星期弄清楚

what I was looking at from raw ones and zeros,

從原始碼1和0，我看到什麼。

but because our brains can instantly pick up

但因為我們的大腦可以

and recognize these subtle patterns inside

立即接收這些視覺抽象

of these visual abstractions,

內部的細微圖案，

we can unconsciously apply those

我們可以不自覺地

in new situations.

應用在這些新的情況。

So this is what Russian looks like

這就是俄羅斯文

in a visual abstraction.

看起來的視化抽象。

Because I know what one language looks like,

因為我知道一種語言的樣子，

I can recognize other languages

我可以識別其他語言，

even when I'm not familiar with them.

即使我不熟悉那些語言。

This is what a photograph looks like,

這就是照片的樣子，

but this is what clip art looks like.

但是這是剪貼畫的樣子。

This is what the code on your phone looks like,

這是你手機上代碼看起來像的樣子，

but this is what the code on your computer looks like.

但這是在你電腦上的代碼的樣子。

Our brains can pick up on these patterns

我們的大腦可以

in ways that we never could have

看得到

from looking at raw ones and zeros.

在1和0中看不到的模式。

But we've really only scratched the surface

但我所提所的只是

of what we can do with this approach.

這個方法潛力的開端。

We've only begun to unlock the capabilities

我們才剛剛開始解開

of our minds to process visual information.

我們思想的能力來處理視覺信息。

If we take those same concepts and translate them

如果我們把這些相同的概念，

into three dimensions instead,

並將其轉化為三維，

we find entirely new ways of making sense of information.

我們會發現信息意識的全新方式。

In seconds, we can pick out every pattern here.

在幾秒鐘內，我們可以挑出這裡每個圖案。

we can see the cross associated with code.

我們可以看到與代碼相關聯的交叉。

We can see cubes associated with text.

我們可以看到與文字相關的立方體。

We can even pick up the tiniest visual artifacts.

我們甚至可以看到最小的視覺物象。

Things that would take us weeks,

0和1的事情使我們花上幾個星期，

months to find in ones and zeroes,

幾個月才找到，

are immediately apparent

在某種視覺抽象

in some sort of visual abstraction,

便立刻顯現出來，

and as we continue to go through this

我們繼續通過這方法，

and throw more and more information at it,

添上越來越多信息，

what we find is that we're capable of processing

我們發現的是

billions of ones and zeros

在幾秒之內

in a matter of seconds

我們能夠處理數十億的1和0

just by using our brain's built-in ability

僅僅使用我們大腦的

to analyze patterns.

內置分析模式的能力。

So this is really nice and helpful,

這是非常好的，有益的，

but all this tells me is what I'm looking at.

但這一切告訴我真正想知道的。

So at this point, based on visual patterns,

在這一刻, 在視覺模式的基礎上，

I can find the code on the phone.

我能在手機上找到代碼。

But that's not enough to blow up a battery.

但這還不足以炸毀電池。

The next thing I need to find is the code

接下來我需要找到的是

that controls the battery, but we're back

控制電池的代碼，但我們又回到

to the needle in a stack of needles problem.

一堆針裡找一支針的問題。

That code looks pretty much like all the other code

這些代碼看起來非常像該系統上的

on that system.

所有其它代碼。

So I might not be able to find the code that controls the battery,

所以我可能根本無法 找到控制電池的代碼，

but there's a lot of things that are very similar to that.

但有很多東西都是非常相似的。

You have code that controls your screen,

你有控制屏幕的代碼，

that controls your buttons, that controls your microphones,

控制你的按鈕，控制你的麥克風，

so even if I can't find the code for the battery,

所以即使我無法找到電池的代碼，

I bet I can find one of those things.

我打賭我能找到那其中一件。

So the next step in my binary analysis process

所以我在二進制分析過程的下一個步驟

is to look at pieces of information

便是要看看

that are similar to each other.

彼此相似的信息片段。

It's really, really hard to do at a binary level,

這在二進位級別中，真的，真的很難做到，

but if we translate those similarities to a visual abstraction instead,

但如果我們把這些相似之處視覺化，

I don't even have to sift through the raw data.

我甚至不須經過篩選原始的數據。

All I have to do is wait for the image to light up

我所要做的就是等待

to see when I'm at similar pieces.

看到同類片段圖像亮起來。

I follow these strands of similarity like a trail of bread crumbs

我按照這些相似性像麵包屑的線索，

to find exactly what I'm looking for.

尋找我要找的東西。

So at this point in the process,

在過程中的這一階段，

I've located the code

我已經找到

responsible for controlling your battery,

負責控制電池的代碼，

but that's still not enough to blow up a phone.

但仍不足以炸毀電話。

The last piece of the puzzle

最後一塊拼圖便是要

is understanding how that code

理解這些代碼

controls your battery.

如何控制你的電池。

For this, I need to identify

對於這一點，我需要

very subtle, very detailed relationships

在二進制信息內確定很微妙，

within that binary information,

很詳細的關係，

another very hard thing to do

當看著1和0

when looking at ones and zeros.

是另外一個很困難的事。

But if we translate that information

但是如果我們把這些信息

into a physical representation,

表現成視覺，

we can sit back and let our visual cortex do all the hard work.

我們可以坐下來，讓我們的視力展其所能。

It can find all the detailed patterns,

它可以替我們找到詳細的模式，

all the important pieces, for us.

所有的重要部分。

It can find out exactly how the pieces of that code

它可以找出代碼究竟

work together to control that battery.

是如何拼在一起運作，以控制電池。

All of this can be done in a matter of hours,

這一切都可以在幾個小時內就完成，

whereas the same process

而以往同樣的過程

would have taken months in the past.

則要花上幾個月。

This is all well and good

在打擊恐怖分子電話情況的理論上,

in a theoretical blow up a terrorist's phone situation.

這是一個非常不錯的主意。

I wanted to find out if this would really work

我想看看這在每天的工作上

in the work I do every day.

是否真的有用。

So I was playing around with these same concepts

所以我運用這些概念，

with some of the data I've looked at in the past,

於一些我以前看過的數據，

and yet again, I was trying to find

再次的，我要從

a very detailed, specific piece of code

大規模的二進制信息內,

inside of a massive piece of binary information.

試圖找到一些非常詳細的、 特定的代碼片段。

So I looked at it at this level,

當我在這個層面上看，

thinking I was looking at the right thing,

我以為一直在

only to see this doesn't have

看着正確的事情，

the connectivity I would have expected

只看到這個我原本期望的代碼

for the code I was looking for.

沒有連結性。

In fact, I'm not really sure what this is,

事實上我真的不知道這是什麼，

but when I stepped back a level

但當我向後退了幾步，

and looked at the similarities within the code

看著我看到

I saw, this doesn't have similarities

代碼中的相似性，

like any code that exists out there.

根本不像現存任的何代碼。

I can't even be looking at code.

我看到的甚至不是代碼。

In fact, from this perspective,

事實上，從這個角度來說，

I could tell, this isn't code.

我看得出來，這不是代碼。

This is an image of some sort.

這是某種類型的圖像。

And from here, I can see,

從這裡，我可以看到，

it's not just an image, this is a photograph.

它不只是一個圖像，這是一張照片。

Now that I know it's a photograph,

現在我知道這是一張照片，

I've got dozens of other binary translation techniques

我有其他幾十個二進制翻譯技術，

to visualize and understand that information,

可視化和理解這些信息，

so in a matter of seconds, we can take this information,

所以在幾秒鐘之內， 我們就可以利用這信息，

shove it through a dozen other visual translation techniques

通過其他的視覺轉換技術，

in order to find out exactly what we were looking at.

以找出我們所期待的。

I saw — (Laughter) —

我看到了 —(笑聲)—

it was that darn kitten again.

又是那該死的小貓。

All this is enabled

這一切都是因為

because we were able to find a way

我們能夠找到一種方法,

to translate a very hard problem

將一個非常困難的問題,

to something our brains do very naturally.

換轉成我們大腦非常自然能做的東西。

So what does this mean?

這意味著呢？

Well, for kittens, it means

嗯，對於小貓，

no more hiding in ones and zeros.

在1和0裡再沒法躲起來。

For me, it means no more wasted weekends.

對於我來說，這意味著不再要浪費週末。

For cyber, it means we have a radical new way

對於網路，這意味著我們有一種全新的方式

to tackle the most impossible problems.

來解決最不可能的問題。

It means we have a new weapon

這意味著我們在不斷發展的

in the evolving theater of cyber warfare,

網路戰有新的武器，

but for all of us,

但對我們所有人來說，

it means that cyber engineers

這意味著網路​​工程師

now have the ability to become first responders

現在在緊急情況下有能力成為

in emergency situations.

一線救援人員。

When seconds count,

當分秒必爭時，

we've unlocked the means to stop the bad guys.

我們有能力解開停止壞人的手段。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

(掌聲)