Chris Domas: The 1s and 0s behind cyber warfare

161,703 views ใƒป 2014-06-30

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: hye ri cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jaehyun Park
00:12
This is a lot of ones and zeros.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ 0๊ณผ 1์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
It's what we call binary information.
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ํ”ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 2์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:18
This is how computers talk.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ 
00:19
It's how they store information.
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
It's how computers think.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:23
It's how computers do
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”
00:24
everything it is that computers do.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
I'm a cybersecurity researcher,
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
which means my job is to sit down with this information
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์ œ ์ง์—…์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์•‰์•„์„œ
00:31
and try to make sense of it,
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์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:32
to try to understand what all the ones and zeroes mean.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ 0์™€ 1๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Unfortunately for me, we're not just talking
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ๋Š”
00:37
about the ones and zeros I have on the screen here.
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ 0๊ณผ 1๋“ค ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
00:39
We're not just talking about a few pages of ones and zeros.
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๋ช‡ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ •๋„์˜ 0๊ณผ 1์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
We're talking about billions and billions
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ 0๊ณผ 1์„
00:45
of ones and zeros,
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
more than anyone could possibly comprehend.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์ฃ .
00:49
Now, as exciting as that sounds,
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ
00:50
when I first started doing cyber โ€”
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:53
(Laughter) โ€”
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:55
when I first started doing cyber, I wasn't sure
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:57
that sifting through ones and zeros
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0๊ณผ 1์„ ์ƒ…์ƒ…์ด ๋’ค์ง€๋Š” ์ผ์ด
00:58
was what I wanted to do with the rest of my life,
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๋‚จ์€ ์ผ์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ผ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
because in my mind, cyber
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๋ž€ ๊ทธ์ €
01:02
was keeping viruses off of my grandma's computer,
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:06
it was keeping people's Myspace pages from being hacked,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•ดํ‚น๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ์ •๋„์˜€์–ด์š”.
01:09
and maybe, maybe on my most glorious day,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๊ปํ•ด๋ด์•ผ
01:12
it was keeping someone's credit card information from being stolen.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋„๋‚œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
01:15
Those are important things,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:17
but that's not how I wanted to spend my life.
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์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
But after 30 minutes of work
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—…๋ฌด์—
01:21
as a defense contractor,
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 30๋ถ„ ์ผํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š”
01:23
I soon found out that my idea of cyber
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๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด
01:26
was a little bit off.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
In fact, in terms of national security,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
01:29
keeping viruses off of my grandma's computer
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:31
was surprisingly low on their priority list.
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์šฐ์„  ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆœ์œ„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
And the reason for that is cyber
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ฐ€
01:36
is so much bigger than any one of those things.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘์— ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Cyber is an integral part of all of our lives,
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์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
because computers are an integral part of all of our lives,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:46
even if you don't own a computer.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Computers control everything in your car,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” GPS ์—์„œ ์—์–ด๋ฐฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
from your GPS to your airbags.
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01:52
They control your phone.
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์ „ํ™”๋„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์ฃ .
01:53
They're the reason you can call 911
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๊ทธ ๋•๋ถ„์— 911์— ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:55
and get someone on the other line.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ํŽธ์—์„œ ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
They control our nation's entire infrastructure.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
They're the reason you have electricity,
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๊ทธ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋„,
02:01
heat, clean water, food.
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๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ฌผ, ์Œ์‹์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:03
Computers control our military equipment,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์žฅ๋น„
02:05
everything from missile silos to satellites
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๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ๊ธฐ์ง€์—์„œ ์œ„์„ฑ,
02:07
to nuclear defense networks.
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ํ•ต ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์ฒด๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
All of these things are made possible
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
because of computers,
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02:14
and therefore because of cyber,
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์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:16
and when something goes wrong,
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๋ฉด
02:18
cyber can make all of these things impossible.
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์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
But that's where I step in.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
A big part of my job is defending all of these things,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ์ง์—…์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
keeping them working,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:27
but once in a while, part of my job is to break one of these things,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:29
because cyber isn't just about defense,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:32
it's also about offense.
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๊ณต๊ฒฉ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
We're entering an age where we talk about
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
02:35
cyberweapons.
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๋…ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:37
In fact, so great is the potential for cyber offense
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:40
that cyber is considered a new domain of warfare.
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์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
Warfare.
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์ „์Ÿ์ด์š”.
02:45
It's not necessarily a bad thing.
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๊ผญ ๋‚˜์œ ์ผ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
On the one hand, it means we have whole new front
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•  ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „์„ ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ณ 
02:50
on which we need to defend ourselves,
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02:52
but on the other hand,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
it means we have a whole new way to attack,
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02:55
a whole new way to stop evil people
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์•…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
02:57
from doing evil things.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
02:59
So let's consider an example of this
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ . ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
that's completely theoretical.
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03:03
Suppose a terrorist wants to blow up a building,
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ํญํŒŒํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
03:05
and he wants to do this again and again
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„
03:07
in the future.
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ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:09
So he doesn't want to be in that building when it explodes.
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ํญ๋ฐœ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:11
He's going to use a cell phone
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ
03:13
as a remote detonator.
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์›๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐํญ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
Now, it used to be the only way we had
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
03:17
to stop this terrorist
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03:19
was with a hail of bullets and a car chase,
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์ด์„ ์˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:21
but that's not necessarily true anymore.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
We're entering an age where we can stop him
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒœ ๋งˆ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ถ”๋งŒ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์„œ
03:25
with the press of a button
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03:26
from 1,000 miles away,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:28
because whether he knew it or not,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋“  ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋“ 
03:30
as soon as he decided to use his cell phone,
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
03:32
he stepped into the realm of cyber.
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„์˜ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
A well-crafted cyber attack could break into his phone,
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์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ์˜ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋กœ ์ˆจ์–ด๋“ค์–ด
03:38
disable the overvoltage protections on his battery,
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๋ฐง๋ฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ „์•• ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:40
drastically overload the circuit,
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ํšŒ๋กœ์— ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:42
cause the battery to overheat, and explode.
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๋ฐง๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์—ด๋กœ ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:44
No more phone, no more detonator,
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์ „ํ™”๋„ ๊ธฐํญ์ œ๋„ ํ•„์š”์—†๊ณ 
03:47
maybe no more terrorist,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋„ ์—†์•จ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
all with the press of a button
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
03:50
from a thousand miles away.
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๋‹จ์ถ” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
So how does this work?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:54
It all comes back to those ones and zeros.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๊นŒ ๊ทธ 0๊ณผ 1๋กœ ๊ท€์ฐฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Binary information makes your phone work,
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์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:59
and used correctly, it can make your phone explode.
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์ž˜๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํญํŒŒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:03
So when you start to look at cyber from this perspective,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:05
spending your life sifting through binary information
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์ด์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:09
starts to seem kind of exciting.
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์–ด์ฐŒ๋ณด๋ฉด ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:11
But here's the catch: This is hard,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
really, really hard,
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์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”.
04:15
and here's why.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
04:17
Think about everything you have on your cell phone.
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”์— ๋“  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:20
You've got the pictures you've taken.
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์ฐ์–ด ๋‘” ์‚ฌ์ง„๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:22
You've got the music you listen to.
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์Œ์•…๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:24
You've got your contacts list,
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์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜์™€
04:25
your email, and probably 500 apps
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  500๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:27
you've never used in your entire life,
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ํ‰์ƒ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์•ˆ์“ธ์ง€๋ผ๋„์š”.
04:30
and behind all of this is the software, the code,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ฆ‰, ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
04:34
that controls your phone,
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
and somewhere, buried inside of that code,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฝ”๋“œ ์•ˆ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์ˆจ์–ด์„œ
04:38
is a tiny piece that controls your battery,
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๋ฐง๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
04:41
and that's what I'm really after,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:42
but all of this, just a bunch of ones and zeros,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ 0๊ณผ 1์ด๋ž€ ์ˆซ์ž ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ 
04:46
and it's all just mixed together.
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๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค์ด ์—‰์ผœ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
In cyber, we call this finding a needle in a stack of needles,
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์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ”๋Š˜ ์†์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋Š˜์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:51
because everything pretty much looks alike.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
04:54
I'm looking for one key piece,
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์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋งŒ ์ฐพ์ง€๋งŒ
04:55
but it just blends in with everything else.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ฒŒ ์„ž์—ฌ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
So let's step back from this theoretical situation
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์ด์ œ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํญํŒŒํ•˜๋Š”
05:01
of making a terrorist's phone explode,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด๋ก ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ทธ๋งŒํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
05:03
and look at something that actually happened to me.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:06
Pretty much no matter what I do,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ํ•˜๋“ 
05:07
my job always starts with sitting down
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์ œ ์ผ์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์•„
05:09
with a whole bunch of binary information,
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ด์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
and I'm always looking for one key piece
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์ €๋Š” ๋”ฑ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ
05:13
to do something specific.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
In this case, I was looking for a very advanced,
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ฒจ๋‹จ์˜
05:17
very high-tech piece of code
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
that I knew I could hack,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ดํ‚นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:20
but it was somewhere buried
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05:21
inside of a billion ones and zeroes.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ 0๊ณผ 1 ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ฌปํ˜€์žˆ์ฃ .
05:23
Unfortunately for me, I didn't know
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์ œ๊ฒ ์•ˆ๋œ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
05:25
quite what I was looking for.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
I didn't know quite what it would look like,
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:28
which makes finding it really, really hard.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
When I have to do that, what I have to do
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ž€
05:33
is basically look at various pieces
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์ง„ ์ •๋ณด ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
05:35
of this binary information,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๊ณ 
05:37
try to decipher each piece, and see if it might be
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๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
05:39
what I'm after.
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์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:40
So after a while, I thought I had found the piece
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
05:42
I was looking for.
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
I thought maybe this was it.
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์ด๊ฑธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ.
05:45
It seemed to be about right, but I couldn't quite tell.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
I couldn't tell what those ones and zeros represented.
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๋“  0๊ณผ 1์ด ๋ญ˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:50
So I spent some time trying to put this together,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
but wasn't having a whole lot of luck,
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์šด๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
05:55
and finally I decided,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์Œ ๋จน์ฃ .
05:56
I'm going to get through this,
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์ด๊ฑธ ํ•ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋ง๊ฒ ์–ด.
05:58
I'm going to come in on a weekend,
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์ฃผ๋ง์—๋„ ์™€์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ 
06:00
and I'm not going to leave
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
06:01
until I figure out what this represents.
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ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
06:03
So that's what I did. I came in on a Saturday morning,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ํ† ์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ์— ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚˜์™€
06:05
and about 10 hours in, I sort of had all the pieces to the puzzle.
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10์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํผ์ฆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฐ์€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:08
I just didn't know how they fit together.
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๋‹ค ๋งž์ถ”์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
I didn't know what these ones and zeros meant.
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์ด๋“ค 0์™€ 1์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
At the 15-hour mark,
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15์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์งธ์—,
06:15
I started to get a better picture of what was there,
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:17
but I had a creeping suspicion
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:19
that what I was looking at
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์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š”
06:21
was not at all related to what I was looking for.
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
By 20 hours, the pieces started to come together
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20์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜์ž, ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
very slowly โ€” (Laughter) โ€”
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์•„์ฃผ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ์š”. --(์›ƒ์Œ)--
06:30
and I was pretty sure I was going down
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์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€
06:31
the wrong path at this point,
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๊ธธ์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋“ค์–ด์„ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
but I wasn't going to give up.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
After 30 hours in the lab,
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ 30์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ํ›„,
06:38
I figured out exactly what I was looking at,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
and I was right, it wasn't what I was looking for.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์•˜์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
I spent 30 hours piecing together
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30์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ 0๊ณผ 1์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋งž์ถฐ
06:45
the ones and zeros that formed a picture of a kitten.
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์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒจ์šฐ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:48
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:49
I wasted 30 hours of my life searching for this kitten
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์ด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š๋ผ ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ 30์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ํ—ˆ๋น„ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:53
that had nothing at all to do
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š”
06:55
with what I was trying to accomplish.
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€๋ จ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:57
So I was frustrated, I was exhausted.
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๋งฅ๋น ์ง€๊ณ  ์ง€์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
After 30 hours in the lab, I probably smelled horrible.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ 30์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋ชธ์—์„œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ฌ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:04
But instead of just going home
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๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ  ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
07:06
and calling it quits, I took a step back
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ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
07:09
and asked myself, what went wrong here?
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋œ๊ฑฐ์ง€?
07:11
How could I make such a stupid mistake?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ด.
07:14
I'm really pretty good at this.
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๋‚œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์ž–์•„.
07:15
I do this for a living.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‚ด ์ง์—…์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฐ
07:16
So what happened?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฑฐ์ง€?
07:19
Well I thought, when you're looking at information at this level,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
07:21
it's so easy to lose track of what you're doing.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
It's easy to not see the forest through the trees.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆฒ์„ ๋ชป ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:26
It's easy to go down the wrong rabbit hole
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ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ํ† ๋ผ ๊ตด์„ ์ฐพ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:28
and waste a tremendous amount of time
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š๋ผ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
07:30
doing the wrong thing.
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๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
07:32
But I had this epiphany.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์šด์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‚ ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
We were looking at the data completely incorrectly
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์ฒซ ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
07:36
since day one.
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๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
This is how computers think, ones and zeros.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” 0๊ณผ 1์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
It's not how people think,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
07:41
but we've been trying to adapt our minds
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ ์‘ํ•ด์„œ
07:44
to think more like computers
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07:45
so that we can understand this information.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
Instead of trying to make our minds fit the problem,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
07:49
we should have been making the problem
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋งž๋„๋ก
07:51
fit our minds,
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:52
because our brains have a tremendous potential
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:54
for analyzing huge amounts of information,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:57
just not like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
So what if we could unlock that potential
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ
08:00
just by translating this
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๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„
08:02
to the right kind of information?
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ํ’€์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
08:04
So with these ideas in mind,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
08:06
I sprinted out of my basement lab at work
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์„ ๋›ฐ์ณ๋‚˜์™€
08:07
to my basement lab at home,
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์ง‘์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๊ฐ”์ฃ .
08:08
which looked pretty much the same.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:10
The main difference is, at work,
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”
08:12
I'm surrounded by cyber materials,
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์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๊ณ 
08:14
and cyber seemed to be the problem in this situation.
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ํ˜„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:16
At home, I'm surrounded by everything else I've ever learned.
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์ง‘์—์„œ ์ด์ œ๊ป ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
So I poured through every book I could find,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฑ…์„ ๋’ค์ง€๊ณ 
08:22
every idea I'd ever encountered,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๊ณ 
08:23
to see how could we translate a problem
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์–ด๋ฏ๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ
08:25
from one domain to something completely different?
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ดค์ฃ .
08:28
The biggest question was,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
what do we want to translate it to?
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08:32
What do our brains do perfectly naturally
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๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ
08:34
that we could exploit?
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ํƒ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
08:36
My answer was vision.
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์ œ ๋‹ต์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:38
We have a tremendous capability to analyze visual information.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
We can combine color gradients, depth cues,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ๊นŠ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด,
08:44
all sorts of these different signals
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ
08:45
into one coherent picture of the world around us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
That's incredible.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
08:49
So if we could find a way to translate
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ง„ ํŒจํ„ด์„
08:51
these binary patterns to visual signals,
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์‹œ๊ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:53
we could really unlock the power of our brains
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
08:55
to process this stuff.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
So I started looking at the binary information,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
08:59
and I asked myself, what do I do
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
when I first encounter something like this?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜์ง€?
09:02
And the very first thing I want to do,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ,
09:04
the very first question I want to answer,
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๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
09:05
is what is this?
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"์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์ง€?" ์˜€์–ด์š”.
09:06
I don't care what it does, how it works.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž‘๋™๋ฐฉ์‹์—๋Š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
All I want to know is, what is this?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ "์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ?" ์˜€์ฃ .
09:11
And the way I can figure that out
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
09:13
is by looking at chunks,
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๋ญ‰์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
sequential chunks of binary information,
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์ด์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ญ‰์น˜๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:17
and I look at the relationships between those chunks.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ญ‰์น˜๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
When I gather up enough of these sequences,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ชจ์œผ๋ฉด
09:22
I begin to get an idea of exactly
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562462
2004
์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€
09:24
what this information must be.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
So let's go back to that
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์ž ์ด์ œ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜
09:28
blow up the terrorist's phone situation.
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2090
์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํญํŒŒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ฃ .
09:30
This is what English text looks like
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด 2์ง„ ๋‹จ์œ„์—์„œ
09:32
at a binary level.
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๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
This is what your contacts list would look like
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ 
09:36
if I were examining it.
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์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
09:37
It's really hard to analyze this at this level,
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์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ
09:40
but if we take those same binary chunks
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”
2์ง„ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋ญ‰์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
09:42
that I would be trying to find,
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09:43
and instead translate that
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:45
to a visual representation,
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1920
09:46
translate those relationships,
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๊ทธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
09:48
this is what we get.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
This is what English text looks like
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1914
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„
09:52
from a visual abstraction perspective.
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์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด์„œ ๋ณธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
All of a sudden,
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ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—
09:56
it shows us all the same information
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 0๊ณผ 1๋กœ ๋œ
09:57
that was in the ones and zeros,
276
597493
1172
๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:58
but show us it in an entirely different way,
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
a way that we can immediately comprehend.
278
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๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ .
10:02
We can instantly see all of the patterns here.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
It takes me seconds to pick out patterns here,
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2592
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ช‡ ์ดˆ ๋ฐ–์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
10:08
but hours, days, to pick them out
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0๊ณผ 1๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”๋ฐ
10:10
in ones and zeros.
282
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๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ฉฐ์น ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:11
It takes minutes for anybody to learn
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š”
10:13
what these patterns represent here,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ด๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
but years of experience in cyber
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์ด
10:17
to learn what those same patterns represent
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0๊ณผ 1๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„์—์„œ
10:19
in ones and zeros.
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๋ช‡ ๋…„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
So this piece is caused by
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:22
lower case letters followed by lower case letters
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๊ทธ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก ์•ˆ์—์„œ
10:24
inside of that contact list.
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๊ทธ ๋’ค๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
This is upper case by upper case,
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1341
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๊ณ 
10:27
upper case by lower case, lower case by upper case.
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๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž ๋’ค์— ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž, ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž ๋’ค์— ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:30
This is caused by spaces. This is caused by carriage returns.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋นˆ์นธ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—”ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
We can go through every little detail
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ดˆ ๋งŒ์— 2์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
10:34
of the binary information in seconds,
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์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
as opposed to weeks, months, at this level.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ, ํ˜น์€ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:40
This is what an image looks like
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™”์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š”
10:42
from your cell phone.
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
But this is what it looks like
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
10:45
in a visual abstraction.
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๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
This is what your music looks like,
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647187
1985
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์Œ์•…์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๊ณ 
10:49
but here's its visual abstraction.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์Œ์•…์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
Most importantly for me,
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
10:53
this is what the code on your cell phone looks like.
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
This is what I'm after in the end,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
10:58
but this is its visual abstraction.
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์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
If I can find this, I can't make the phone explode.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํญํŒŒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
I could spend weeks trying to find this
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0๊ณผ 1๋กœ ๋œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:05
in ones and zeros,
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665835
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ์”ฉ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:07
but it takes me seconds to pick out
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š”
11:08
a visual abstraction like this.
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๋ช‡ ์ดˆ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
One of those most remarkable parts about all of this
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
11:14
is it gives us an entirely new way to understand
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ณด, ์ฆ‰ ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„
11:17
new information, stuff that we haven't seen before.
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
So I know what English looks like at a binary level,
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์ €๋Š” 2์ง„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์–‘์ธ์ง€๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ 
11:23
and I know what its visual abstraction looks like,
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์˜์–ด์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ถ”์ถœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
but I've never seen Russian binary in my entire life.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ผ์ƒ์— ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด์˜ 2์ง„ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
It would take me weeks just to figure out
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๊ฐ€๊ณต ์ด์ „์˜ 0๊ณผ 1์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
11:30
what I was looking at from raw ones and zeros,
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์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
but because our brains can instantly pick up
320
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š”
11:35
and recognize these subtle patterns inside
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ 
11:37
of these visual abstractions,
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์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:39
we can unconsciously apply those
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
in new situations.
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11:42
So this is what Russian looks like
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ
11:44
in a visual abstraction.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
Because I know what one language looks like,
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705912
1804
์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:47
I can recognize other languages
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์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
even when I'm not familiar with them.
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11:51
This is what a photograph looks like,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๊ณ 
11:52
but this is what clip art looks like.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํด๋ฆฝ ์•„ํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
This is what the code on your phone looks like,
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714835
2555
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๊ณ ์š”.
11:57
but this is what the code on your computer looks like.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋“  ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
12:00
Our brains can pick up on these patterns
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ณต ์ „์˜ 0๊ณผ 1์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š”
12:01
in ways that we never could have
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
12:03
from looking at raw ones and zeros.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
But we've really only scratched the surface
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
12:08
of what we can do with this approach.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ• ๊ฒ‰ํ•ฅ๊ธฐ ์ •๋„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
12:10
We've only begun to unlock the capabilities
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์ด์ œ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:12
of our minds to process visual information.
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์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ํ’€์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
If we take those same concepts and translate them
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735394
1990
๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
12:17
into three dimensions instead,
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3์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด
12:19
we find entirely new ways of making sense of information.
343
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3195
์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
In seconds, we can pick out every pattern here.
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์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ๋ชจ๋“  ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ 
12:24
we can see the cross associated with code.
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์ฝ”๋“œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ X์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:26
We can see cubes associated with text.
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1932
๊ธ€์ž์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:28
We can even pick up the tiniest visual artifacts.
347
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ธ๊ณต๋ฌผ๋„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:30
Things that would take us weeks,
348
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0๊ณผ 1์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์ผ,
12:33
months to find in ones and zeroes,
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๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด
12:35
are immediately apparent
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1803
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
in some sort of visual abstraction,
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
12:39
and as we continue to go through this
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€
12:40
and throw more and more information at it,
353
760472
2016
๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ์  ๋‹ค ๋งŽ์ด ๋„ฃ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด
12:42
what we find is that we're capable of processing
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2281
์ˆ˜์‹ญ ์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ 0๊ณผ 1์„ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋ช‡ ์ดˆ์•ˆ์— ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:44
billions of ones and zeros
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764769
2416
๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
in a matter of seconds
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1168
12:48
just by using our brain's built-in ability
357
768353
3234
๊ทธ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„
12:51
to analyze patterns.
358
771587
1954
์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
12:53
So this is really nice and helpful,
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773541
2303
์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”
12:55
but all this tells me is what I'm looking at.
360
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2359
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
So at this point, based on visual patterns,
361
778203
1484
์ด ์ง€์ ์—์„œ, ์‹œ๊ฐ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ
12:59
I can find the code on the phone.
362
779687
2409
์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
But that's not enough to blow up a battery.
363
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2665
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐง๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํญํŒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
The next thing I need to find is the code
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1568
๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐง๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ์—์š”.
13:06
that controls the battery, but we're back
365
786329
1761
๋ฐ”๋Š˜ ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋Š˜์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„์™”์ฃ .
13:08
to the needle in a stack of needles problem.
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788090
1731
13:09
That code looks pretty much like all the other code
367
789821
2389
๊ทธ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ
13:12
on that system.
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2238
๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:14
So I might not be able to find the code that controls the battery,
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2401
๋ฐง๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:16
but there's a lot of things that are very similar to that.
370
796849
2011
๊ทธ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
You have code that controls your screen,
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1854
ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ,
13:20
that controls your buttons, that controls your microphones,
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2216
๋‹จ์ถ”๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ.
13:22
so even if I can't find the code for the battery,
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1928
๋ฐง๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ชป ์ฐพ์•„๋„
13:24
I bet I can find one of those things.
374
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
So the next step in my binary analysis process
375
807103
2705
์ž ์ด์ œ 2์ง„ ์ •๋ณด ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”
13:29
is to look at pieces of information
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809808
1231
์„œ๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
13:31
that are similar to each other.
377
811039
2018
์ •๋ณด์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
It's really, really hard to do at a binary level,
378
813057
3983
2์ง„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ์ •๋ง ํž˜๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์ด์ฃ .
13:37
but if we translate those similarities to a visual abstraction instead,
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817040
3643
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด
13:40
I don't even have to sift through the raw data.
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2438
์› ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
All I have to do is wait for the image to light up
381
823121
2155
์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
13:45
to see when I'm at similar pieces.
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2236
์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:47
I follow these strands of similarity like a trail of bread crumbs
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3028
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
13:50
to find exactly what I'm looking for.
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830540
3106
๋นต๋ถ€์Šค๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋“ฏ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ๋งŒ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
So at this point in the process,
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์ „์ฒด ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ด ์ง€์ ์—์„œ
13:55
I've located the code
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1318
์ €๋Š” ๋ฐง๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์žฅํ•˜๋Š”
13:56
responsible for controlling your battery,
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1685
์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
but that's still not enough to blow up a phone.
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838383
2576
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํญํŒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
The last piece of the puzzle
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ํผ์ฆ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์กฐ๊ฐ์€
14:02
is understanding how that code
390
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2679
๊ทธ ์ฝ”๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐง๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์žฅํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
14:05
controls your battery.
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1202
์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
For this, I need to identify
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846404
2388
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ 2์ง„ ์ •๋ณด ์•ˆ์—์„œ
14:08
very subtle, very detailed relationships
393
848792
1716
์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„
14:10
within that binary information,
394
850508
2089
์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
14:12
another very hard thing to do
395
852597
1755
0๊ณผ 1์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”
14:14
when looking at ones and zeros.
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2312
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
But if we translate that information
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856664
1396
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
14:18
into a physical representation,
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858060
2180
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๋ฉด
๋“ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์•‰์•„ ์‹œ๊ฐ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋‘๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
we can sit back and let our visual cortex do all the hard work.
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3016
14:23
It can find all the detailed patterns,
400
863256
1734
์‹œ๊ฐ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ์„ธํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„,
14:24
all the important pieces, for us.
401
864990
2020
์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ฐพ์•„์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
It can find out exactly how the pieces of that code
402
867010
2593
๊ทธ ์ฝ”๋“œ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ
14:29
work together to control that battery.
403
869603
2934
๋ฐง๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:32
All of this can be done in a matter of hours,
404
872537
3004
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋งŒ์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
whereas the same process
405
875541
1356
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
14:36
would have taken months in the past.
406
876897
2922
๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์”ฉ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
14:39
This is all well and good
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์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์ด ์ˆœ์กฐ๋กญ๊ณ 
14:41
in a theoretical blow up a terrorist's phone situation.
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํญํŒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
I wanted to find out if this would really work
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ๋„ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
14:46
in the work I do every day.
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
So I was playing around with these same concepts
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ดค๋˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ž๋ฃŒ์—
14:52
with some of the data I've looked at in the past,
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
and yet again, I was trying to find
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ 2์ง„ ์ •๋ณด ์•ˆ์—์„œ
14:57
a very detailed, specific piece of code
414
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„
15:00
inside of a massive piece of binary information.
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์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
So I looked at it at this level,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
15:05
thinking I was looking at the right thing,
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์˜ณ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
only to see this doesn't have
418
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๋‹ค๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
15:09
the connectivity I would have expected
419
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
15:11
for the code I was looking for.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
In fact, I'm not really sure what this is,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ญ”์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
15:16
but when I stepped back a level
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
15:17
and looked at the similarities within the code
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์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด์ž
15:18
I saw, this doesn't have similarities
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„
15:21
like any code that exists out there.
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๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
I can't even be looking at code.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
In fact, from this perspective,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
15:27
I could tell, this isn't code.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฑด ์ฝ”๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
15:29
This is an image of some sort.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์˜์ƒ์ด์ฃ .
15:31
And from here, I can see,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
15:32
it's not just an image, this is a photograph.
431
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์˜์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
15:35
Now that I know it's a photograph,
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
15:37
I've got dozens of other binary translation techniques
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ช‡์ดˆ์•ˆ์— ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
15:40
to visualize and understand that information,
434
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์‹ญ์—ฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 2์ง„ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
15:42
so in a matter of seconds, we can take this information,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
15:45
shove it through a dozen other visual translation techniques
436
945190
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์‹ญ์—ฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
in order to find out exactly what we were looking at.
437
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
15:51
I saw โ€” (Laughter) โ€”
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ --(์›ƒ์Œ)--
15:53
it was that darn kitten again.
439
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณต์›ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
All this is enabled
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ด๋‰ด๋Š”
15:57
because we were able to find a way
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๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
15:59
to translate a very hard problem
442
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2029
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋ ˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ
16:01
to something our brains do very naturally.
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๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
So what does this mean?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
16:05
Well, for kittens, it means
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์Œ, ์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋กœ์„œ๋Š”
16:07
no more hiding in ones and zeros.
446
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๋” ์ด์ƒ 0๊ณผ 1 ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ˆจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
16:09
For me, it means no more wasted weekends.
447
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์“ธ๋ฐ์—†์ด ์ฃผ๋ง์„ ํ—ˆ๋น„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
For cyber, it means we have a radical new way
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์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋„์ „ํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
16:15
to tackle the most impossible problems.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
It means we have a new weapon
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์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ์ „์Ÿ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ
16:20
in the evolving theater of cyber warfare,
451
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:22
but for all of us,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
16:24
it means that cyber engineers
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์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณตํ•™์ž๊ฐ€
16:25
now have the ability to become first responders
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๋น„์ƒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€์‘์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„
16:27
in emergency situations.
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๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
When seconds count,
456
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์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹คํˆฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
16:31
we've unlocked the means to stop the bad guys.
457
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๋‚˜์œ ๋†ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์„œ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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