Chris Domas: The 1s and 0s behind cyber warfare

Prevoditelj: Marija Saric Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

This is a lot of ones and zeros.

Ovo je velik broj jedinica i nula.

It's what we call binary information.

Zovemo ih binarnim informacijama.

This is how computers talk.

Ovako računala razgovaraju.

It's how they store information.

Ovako čuvaju informacije.

It's how computers think.

Ovako računala razmišljaju.

It's how computers do

Ovako računala rade

everything it is that computers do.

sve što računala rade.

I'm a cybersecurity researcher,

Ja sam istražitelj cyber sigurnosti

which means my job is to sit down with this information

i posao mi je sjesti s ovim informacijama

and try to make sense of it,

i pokušati naći smisao u njima,

to try to understand what all the ones and zeroes mean.

pokušati shvatiti što ove jedinice i nule znače.

Unfortunately for me, we're not just talking

Nažalost za mene, ne pričamo samo o

about the ones and zeros I have on the screen here.

jedinicama i nulama koje su na zaslonu.

We're not just talking about a few pages of ones and zeros.

Ne pričamo samo o nekoliko stranica jedinica i nula.

We're talking about billions and billions

Govorimo o milijardama i milijardama

of ones and zeros,

jedinica i nula,

more than anyone could possibly comprehend.

više nego što itko može shvatiti.

Now, as exciting as that sounds,

Iako to zvuči uzbudljivo,

when I first started doing cyber —

kada sam se počeo baviti cyberom —

(Laughter) —

(Smijeh) —

kada sam se počeo baviti cyberom, nisam bio siguran

when I first started doing cyber, I wasn't sure

that sifting through ones and zeros

da je prosijavanje jedinica i nula

was what I wanted to do with the rest of my life,

ono što želim raditi cijeli život,

because in my mind, cyber

jer u mojim mislima, cyber je značio

was keeping viruses off of my grandma's computer,

spriječiti da se bakino računalo zarazi virusom,

it was keeping people's Myspace pages from being hacked,

spriječiti hakiranje Myspace stranica,

and maybe, maybe on my most glorious day,

a možda, na svoje najslavnije dane,

it was keeping someone's credit card information from being stolen.

značio je spriječiti krađu informacija o kreditnoj kartici.

Those are important things,

Ovo su važne stvari,

but that's not how I wanted to spend my life.

no nisam tako želio provesti život.

But after 30 minutes of work

Nakon 30 minuta rada

as a defense contractor,

kao izvođač radova obrane

I soon found out that my idea of cyber

uskoro sam saznao da je moja ideja o cyberu

was a little bit off.

malo kriva.

In fact, in terms of national security,

Zapravo, u terminima nacionalne sigurnosti

keeping viruses off of my grandma's computer

sprječavanje virusa s bakinog računala

was surprisingly low on their priority list.

bilo je iznenađujuće nisko na njihovoj listi prioriteta.

And the reason for that is cyber

Razlog tome je što je cyber

is so much bigger than any one of those things.

mnogo veći od ijedne ove stvari.

Cyber is an integral part of all of our lives,

Cyber je sastavni dio svačijeg života

because computers are an integral part of all of our lives,

jer su računala sastavni dio naših života,

even if you don't own a computer.

ćak i ako ne posjedujete računalo.

Computers control everything in your car,

Računala kontroliraju sve u vašem autu,

from your GPS to your airbags.

od GPS-a do zračnih jastuka.

They control your phone.

Kontroliraju vaš telefon.

They're the reason you can call 911

Zbog njih možete nazvati 112

and get someone on the other line.

i dobiti nekoga na liniju.

They control our nation's entire infrastructure.

Kontroliraju infrastrukturu naše cijele nacije.

They're the reason you have electricity,

Razlog su što imate struju,

heat, clean water, food.

grijanje, pitku vodu, hranu.

Computers control our military equipment,

Računala kontroliraju našu vojnu opremu,

everything from missile silos to satellites

sve od silosa za rakete i satelita

to nuclear defense networks.

do mreža nuklearne sigurnosti.

All of these things are made possible

Sve ove stvari su moguće

because of computers,

zbog računala,

and therefore because of cyber,

odnosno cybera,

and when something goes wrong,

a kada nešto pođe po krivu,

cyber can make all of these things impossible.

cyber može sve ovo i onemogućiti.

But that's where I step in.

Ovdje ja ulazim.

A big part of my job is defending all of these things,

Velik dio mog posla obuhvaća obranu svih ovih stvari,

keeping them working,

kako bi nastavile raditi,

but once in a while, part of my job is to break one of these things,

no ponekad, moj posao je i rušenje ovih stvari

because cyber isn't just about defense,

jer cyber ne znači samo obranu

it's also about offense.

nego i napad.

We're entering an age where we talk about

Ulazimo u doba kada govorimo o

cyberweapons.

cyber oružjima.

In fact, so great is the potential for cyber offense

Zapravo, potencijal cyber napada je toliko velik

that cyber is considered a new domain of warfare.

da se cyber smatra novom domenom ratovanja.

Warfare.

Ratovanje.

It's not necessarily a bad thing.

To nije nužno loša stvar.

On the one hand, it means we have whole new front

S jedne strane, znači da imamo cijelu novu frontu

on which we need to defend ourselves,

na kojoj se moramo braniti,

but on the other hand,

ali s druge strane,

it means we have a whole new way to attack,

znači da imamo i novi način napadanja,

a whole new way to stop evil people

potpuno novi način da zaustavimo

from doing evil things.

zle ljude od toga da urade zle stvari.

So let's consider an example of this

Pogledajmo primjer ovoga

that's completely theoretical.

koji je u potpunosti teoretski.

Suppose a terrorist wants to blow up a building,

Recimo da terorist želi dići zgradu u zrak

and he wants to do this again and again

i želi to ponoviti nekoliko puta

in the future.

u budućnosti.

So he doesn't want to be in that building when it explodes.

Dakle, on ne želi biti u zgradi kada ona eksplodira.

He's going to use a cell phone

Upotrijebit će mobitel

as a remote detonator.

kao daljinski detonator.

Now, it used to be the only way we had

Prije je jedini način

to stop this terrorist

zaustavljanja ovog terorista

was with a hail of bullets and a car chase,

bila kiša metaka i automobilska potjera,

but that's not necessarily true anymore.

no to više nije nužno istina.

Ulazimo u doba kada ga možemo spriječiti

We're entering an age where we can stop him

with the press of a button

pritiskom dugmeta

from 1,000 miles away,

s udaljenosti od 1000 kilometara

because whether he knew it or not,

jer, znao on to ili ne,

as soon as he decided to use his cell phone,

čim je odlučio upotrijebiti svoj mobitel

he stepped into the realm of cyber.

kročio je u carstvo cybera.

A well-crafted cyber attack could break into his phone,

Dobro zamišljeni cyber napad mogao bi provaliti u njegov mobitel,

disable the overvoltage protections on his battery,

onemogućiti prenaponske zaštite na bateriji

drastically overload the circuit,

drastično preopteretiti strujni krug

cause the battery to overheat, and explode.

što će uzrokovati pregrijavanje baterije i eksploziju.

No more phone, no more detonator,

Bez mobitela nema detonatora,

maybe no more terrorist,

a možda ni terorista,

all with the press of a button

sve s pritiskom dugmeta

from a thousand miles away.

s udaljenosti od tisuću kilometara.

So how does this work?

Kako ovo funkcionira?

It all comes back to those ones and zeros.

Sve se vraća na jedinice i nule.

Binary information makes your phone work,

Binarne informacije omogućavaju rad vaših telefona,

and used correctly, it can make your phone explode.

a ako se koriste ispravno, mogu uzrokovati eksploziju vašeg telefona.

So when you start to look at cyber from this perspective,

Kada počnete vidjeti cyber iz ove perspektive,

spending your life sifting through binary information

provođenje života prosijavajući kroz binarne informacije

starts to seem kind of exciting.

izgleda ponešto uzbudljivije.

But here's the catch: This is hard,

No evo i kvake: ovo je teško,

really, really hard,

zbilja, zbilja teško,

and here's why.

a evo i zašto.

Think about everything you have on your cell phone.

Sjetite se svega što imate na mobitelu.

You've got the pictures you've taken.

Imate slike koje ste slikali.

You've got the music you listen to.

Imate glazbu koju slušate.

You've got your contacts list,

Imate svoje kontakte,

your email, and probably 500 apps

e-mail i vjerojatno 500 aplikacija

you've never used in your entire life,

koje nikada niste koristili,

and behind all of this is the software, the code,

a iza svega toga je softver, kod,

that controls your phone,

koji kontrolira vaš telefon,

and somewhere, buried inside of that code,

i negdje, zakopan u tom kodu

is a tiny piece that controls your battery,

je maleni dio koji kontrolira vašu bateriju

and that's what I'm really after,

i to je to što zapravo tražim,

but all of this, just a bunch of ones and zeros,

ali sve ovo je samo gomila jedinica i nula,

and it's all just mixed together.

i sve je pomiješano zajedno.

In cyber, we call this finding a needle in a stack of needles,

U cyberu, ovo zovemo traženjem igle u plastu igala

because everything pretty much looks alike.

jer sve zapravo izgleda poprilično slično.

I'm looking for one key piece,

Tražim jedan ključni dio,

but it just blends in with everything else.

a on je uklopljen u sve ostalo.

So let's step back from this theoretical situation

Vratimo se na našu teoretsku situaciju

of making a terrorist's phone explode,

u kojoj eksplodira teroristov mobitel

and look at something that actually happened to me.

i pogledajmo nešto što mi se stvarno dogodilo.

Pretty much no matter what I do,

Bez obzira što radim,

my job always starts with sitting down

moj posao započinje sjedanjem

with a whole bunch of binary information,

ispred gomile binarnih informacija

and I'm always looking for one key piece

i uvijek tražim jedan ključni dio

to do something specific.

kako bih napravio nešto određeno.

In this case, I was looking for a very advanced,

U ovom slučaju, tražio sam vrlo napredni,

very high-tech piece of code

visokotehnološki dio koda

that I knew I could hack,

koji sam htio hakirati,

but it was somewhere buried

ali je bio zakopan negdje

inside of a billion ones and zeroes.

unutar milijarde jedinica i nula.

Unfortunately for me, I didn't know

Na moju nesreću, nisam znao

quite what I was looking for.

točno što tražim.

Nisam znao kako će izgledati,

I didn't know quite what it would look like,

which makes finding it really, really hard.

zbog čega je potraga zbilja, zbilja teška.

When I have to do that, what I have to do

Kada radim ovako nešto, prvo moram

is basically look at various pieces

pogledati različite dijelove

of this binary information,

ovih binarnih informacija

try to decipher each piece, and see if it might be

pokušati dešifrirati svaki dio i vidjeti

what I'm after.

je li to što tražim.

So after a while, I thought I had found the piece

Nakon nekog vremena, mislio sam

I was looking for.

da sam našao što sam tražio.

I thought maybe this was it.

Mislio sam da je to možda to.

It seemed to be about right, but I couldn't quite tell.

Činilo se ispravnim, iako nisam bio siguran.

I couldn't tell what those ones and zeros represented.

Nisam mogao reći što ove jedinice i nule predstavljaju.

So I spent some time trying to put this together,

Proveo sam neko vrijeme pokušavajući ovo složiti,

but wasn't having a whole lot of luck,

ali nisam imao puno sreće

and finally I decided,

pa sam konačno odlučio

I'm going to get through this,

da ću uspjeti ovo napraviti,

I'm going to come in on a weekend,

vratit ću se za vikend

and I'm not going to leave

i neću otići

until I figure out what this represents.

dok ne shvatim što ovo predstavlja.

So that's what I did. I came in on a Saturday morning,

To sam i napravio. Vratio sam se u subotu ujutro

and about 10 hours in, I sort of had all the pieces to the puzzle.

i nakon nekih 10 sati, imao sam sve dijelove zagonetke.

I just didn't know how they fit together.

Samo ih nisam znao posložiti.

I didn't know what these ones and zeros meant.

Nisam znao što ove jedinice i nule znače.

At the 15-hour mark,

Nakon 15 sati,

I started to get a better picture of what was there,

počeo sam shvaćati što je to,

but I had a creeping suspicion

ali javljala mi se sumnja

that what I was looking at

da ono u što gledam

was not at all related to what I was looking for.

nije povezano s onim što sam tražio.

By 20 hours, the pieces started to come together

Nakon 20 sati, dijelovi su se počeli slagati

very slowly — (Laughter) —

vrlo sporo — (Smijeh) —

and I was pretty sure I was going down

i bio sam poprilično siguran

the wrong path at this point,

da idem krivim putem,

but I wasn't going to give up.

ali nisam htio odustati.

After 30 hours in the lab,

Nakon 30 sati u laboratoriju,

I figured out exactly what I was looking at,

shvatio sam u potpunosti u što gledam

and I was right, it wasn't what I was looking for.

i bio sam u pravu, to nije bilo ono što sam tražio.

I spent 30 hours piecing together

Proveo sam 30 sati sastavljajući

the ones and zeros that formed a picture of a kitten.

jedinice i nule koje su oblikovale sliku mačića.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I wasted 30 hours of my life searching for this kitten

Potratio sam 30 sati života tražeći ovog mačića

that had nothing at all to do

koji nije imao nikakve veze

with what I was trying to accomplish.

s onim što sam htio postići.

So I was frustrated, I was exhausted.

Bio sam frustriran i iscrpljen.

After 30 hours in the lab, I probably smelled horrible.

Nakon 30 sati u laboratoriju vjerojatno nisam baš ni fino mirisao.

But instead of just going home

No, umjesto da odem kući

and calling it quits, I took a step back

i odustanem, vratio sam se korak unazad

and asked myself, what went wrong here?

i zapitao: "Što je ovdje pošlo po krivu?

How could I make such a stupid mistake?

Kako sam mogao napraviti tako glupu grešku?"

I'm really pretty good at this.

Doista sam dobar u ovome.

I do this for a living.

Ovo mi je posao.

So what happened?

Što se dogodilo?

Well I thought, when you're looking at information at this level,

Kada gledamo informacije na ovoj razini,

it's so easy to lose track of what you're doing.

lako je izgubiti nit onoga što radimo.

It's easy to not see the forest through the trees.

Lako je ne vidjeti stablo od šume.

It's easy to go down the wrong rabbit hole

Lako je spustiti se u krivu zečju rupu

and waste a tremendous amount of time

i potratiti ogromne količine vremena

doing the wrong thing.

radeći krivu stvar.

But I had this epiphany.

No imao sam prosvjetljenje.

We were looking at the data completely incorrectly

Gledamo u podatke potpuno krivo

since day one.

od samog početka.

This is how computers think, ones and zeros.

Ovako razmišljaju računala, jedinice i nule.

It's not how people think,

Ljudi ne razmišljaju ovako,

but we've been trying to adapt our minds

ali smo pokušavali prilagoditi naše umove

da razmišljamo poput računala

to think more like computers

so that we can understand this information.

da bismo mogli razumjeti ove informacije.

Instead of trying to make our minds fit the problem,

Umjesto da prilagođavamo naše umove problemu,

we should have been making the problem

trebali smo prilagoditi problem

fit our minds,

našim umovima

because our brains have a tremendous potential

jer naši mozgovi imaju ogroman potencijal

for analyzing huge amounts of information,

za analizu ogromnih količina informacija,

just not like this.

ali ne na ovaj način.

Što ako otključamo taj potencijal

So what if we could unlock that potential

just by translating this

jednostavnim prijevodom ovoga

to the right kind of information?

u pogodniju vrstu informacija?

So with these ideas in mind,

S ovim idejama,

otrčao sam iz svog laboratorija na poslu

I sprinted out of my basement lab at work

to my basement lab at home,

u svoj laboratorij kod kuće,

which looked pretty much the same.

koji je izgledao poprilično slično.

The main difference is, at work,

Glavna razlika je što sam na poslu

I'm surrounded by cyber materials,

okružen cyber materijalima,

and cyber seemed to be the problem in this situation.

a cyber je u ovoj situaciji bio problem.

At home, I'm surrounded by everything else I've ever learned.

Kod kuće sam okružen sa svim ostalim što sam naučio.

So I poured through every book I could find,

Pregledao sam sve knjige koje sam našao,

every idea I'd ever encountered,

sve ideje koje sam susreo

to see how could we translate a problem

kako bih vidio možemo li prevesti problem

from one domain to something completely different?

iz jedne domene u nešto sasvim drugačije.

The biggest question was,

Najveće pitanje bilo je:

what do we want to translate it to?

"U što prevesti?

What do our brains do perfectly naturally

Što naši mozgovi rade prirodno,

that we could exploit?

a što bi mogli iskoristiti?"

My answer was vision.

Moj odgovor bio je vid.

We have a tremendous capability to analyze visual information.

Imamo nevjerojatnu sposobnost analize vizualnih informacija.

We can combine color gradients, depth cues,

Možemo kombinirati nijanse, indikatore dubine,

all sorts of these different signals

svakakve razne signale

into one coherent picture of the world around us.

u jednu koherentnu sliku svijeta oko nas.

That's incredible.

To je nevjerojatno.

So if we could find a way to translate

Kada bismo mogli prevesti

these binary patterns to visual signals,

binarne uzorke u vizualne signale,

we could really unlock the power of our brains

mogli bismo otključati moć naših mozgova

to process this stuff.

za procesuiranje ovoga.

So I started looking at the binary information,

Počeo sam gledati u binarne informacije

and I asked myself, what do I do

i upitao sam se: "Što radim

when I first encounter something like this?

kada prvi puta vidim nešto ovakvo?"

And the very first thing I want to do,

Prvo što želim napraviti je,

the very first question I want to answer,

prvo pitanje na koje odgovaram je:

is what is this?

"Što je ovo?"

I don't care what it does, how it works.

Ne zanima me što radi, kako radi.

All I want to know is, what is this?

Sve što želim znati je: "Što je ovo?"

And the way I can figure that out

Način na koji ovo mogu shvatiti

is by looking at chunks,

jest gledanjem blokova,

sequential chunks of binary information,

uzastopnih blokova binarnih informacija

and I look at the relationships between those chunks.

i pregledavam veze između blokova.

When I gather up enough of these sequences,

Kada skupim dovoljno ovakvih slijedova,

I begin to get an idea of exactly

dobivam ideju o tome

what this information must be.

što informacije predstavljaju.

Vratimo se situaciji u kojoj

So let's go back to that

blow up the terrorist's phone situation.

eksplodira teroristov mobitel.

This is what English text looks like

Ovako izgleda engleski tekst

at a binary level.

na binarnoj razini.

This is what your contacts list would look like

Ovako bi izgledali vaši kontakti

if I were examining it.

da ih idem pregledavati.

It's really hard to analyze this at this level,

Ovo je teško analizirati na ovoj razini,

but if we take those same binary chunks

no ako uzmemo iste binarne blokove

that I would be trying to find,

koje tražim

and instead translate that

i umjesto toga ih prevedemo

to a visual representation,

u vizualnu reprezentaciju,

translate those relationships,

prevedemo ove veze,

this is what we get.

dobivamo ovo.

This is what English text looks like

Ovako izgleda engleski tekst

from a visual abstraction perspective.

iz perspektive vizualne apstrakcije.

All of a sudden,

Odjednom,

it shows us all the same information

vidimo iste informacije

that was in the ones and zeros,

koje su u jedinicama i nulama,

but show us it in an entirely different way,

ali ih vidimo na potpuno drugačiji način,

a way that we can immediately comprehend.

način na koji ih odmah razumijemo.

We can instantly see all of the patterns here.

Odmah možemo vidjeti sve uzorke.

It takes me seconds to pick out patterns here,

Potrebne su mi sekunde da prepoznam uzorke,

but hours, days, to pick them out

ali sati da ih prepoznam

in ones and zeros.

u jedinicama i nulama.

It takes minutes for anybody to learn

Potrebne su minute da bilo tko nauči

what these patterns represent here,

što ovi uzorci predstavljaju,

but years of experience in cyber

ali godine iskustva u cyberu

to learn what those same patterns represent

da se nauči što ti uzorci predstavljaju

in ones and zeros.

u jedinicama i nulama.

So this piece is caused by

Ovaj dio stvaraju

lower case letters followed by lower case letters

mala slova koja prate mala slova

inside of that contact list.

u vašoj kontakt listi.

This is upper case by upper case,

Ovu su velika i velika slova,

upper case by lower case, lower case by upper case.

velika slova i mala slova, mala slova i velika slova.

This is caused by spaces. This is caused by carriage returns.

Ovo stvaraju razmaci. Ovo stvaraju krajevi redaka.

We can go through every little detail

Možemo proći kroz najsitnije detalje

of the binary information in seconds,

binarnih informacija u sekundama,

as opposed to weeks, months, at this level.

u suprotnosti s tjednima i mjesecima na ovoj razini.

This is what an image looks like

Ovako izgleda slika

from your cell phone.

na vašem mobitelu.

But this is what it looks like

Ali ovako izgleda

in a visual abstraction.

u vizualnoj apstrakciji.

This is what your music looks like,

Ovako izgleda vaša glazba,

but here's its visual abstraction.

a ovdje je vizualna apstrakcija.

Most importantly for me,

Najbitnije za mene,

this is what the code on your cell phone looks like.

ovako izgleda kod vašeg mobitela.

This is what I'm after in the end,

Ovo je ono što tražim,

but this is its visual abstraction.

no ovo je vizualna apstrakcija.

If I can find this, I can't make the phone explode.

Ako ne pronađem ovo, ne mogu namjestiti eksploziju telefona.

I could spend weeks trying to find this

Mogao bih tjednima tražiti

in ones and zeros,

u jedinicama i nulama,

but it takes me seconds to pick out

no potrebne su sekunde da prepoznam

a visual abstraction like this.

ovakvu vizualnu apstrakciju.

One of those most remarkable parts about all of this

Jedna od izvanrednih stvari oko ovoga je što

is it gives us an entirely new way to understand

nam daje potpuno novi način razumijevanja

new information, stuff that we haven't seen before.

novih informacija, stvari koje nismo prije vidjeli.

So I know what English looks like at a binary level,

Znam kako izgleda engleski na binarnoj razini,

and I know what its visual abstraction looks like,

znam kako izgleda njegova vizualna apstrakcija,

but I've never seen Russian binary in my entire life.

ali nikada nisam vidio ruski u binarnom kodu.

It would take me weeks just to figure out

Tjednima bih pokušavao shvatiti

what I was looking at from raw ones and zeros,

u što gledam u sirovim jedinicama i nulama,

but because our brains can instantly pick up

no pošto naši umovi odmah prepoznaju

and recognize these subtle patterns inside

i raspoznaju suptilne uzorke u

of these visual abstractions,

vizualnim apstrakcijama,

we can unconsciously apply those

možemo ih nesvjesno primijeniti

in new situations.

na nove situacije.

So this is what Russian looks like

Dakle, ovako izgleda ruski

in a visual abstraction.

u vizualnoj apstrakciji.

Because I know what one language looks like,

Zato što znam izgled jednog jezika,

I can recognize other languages

mogu prepoznati druge jezike

even when I'm not familiar with them.

čak i kada ih ne znam.

This is what a photograph looks like,

Ovako izgleda fotografija,

but this is what clip art looks like.

ali ovako izgleda crtežni isječak.

This is what the code on your phone looks like,

Ovako izgleda kod vašeg mobitela,

but this is what the code on your computer looks like.

ali ovako izgleda kod vašeg računala.

Our brains can pick up on these patterns

Naši mozgovi mogu prepoznati ove uzorke

in ways that we never could have

na načine na koje nikada nismo mogli

from looking at raw ones and zeros.

gledajući sirove jedinice i nule.

But we've really only scratched the surface

No tek smo zagrebali površinu

of what we can do with this approach.

onoga što možemo ovakvim pristupom.

We've only begun to unlock the capabilities

Tek smo počeli otključavati sposobnost

of our minds to process visual information.

naših umova za procesuiranje vizualnih informacija.

If we take those same concepts and translate them

Ako uzmemo iste koncepte i prevedemo ih

into three dimensions instead,

u tri dimenzije,

we find entirely new ways of making sense of information.

nalazimo potpuno nove načine shvaćanja informacija.

In seconds, we can pick out every pattern here.

U sekundi, možemo prepoznati svaki uzorak ovdje.

we can see the cross associated with code.

Možemo vidjeti križ povezan s kodom.

We can see cubes associated with text.

Možemo vidjeti kocke povezane s tekstom.

We can even pick up the tiniest visual artifacts.

Možemo prepoznati i najmanje vizualne artefakte.

Things that would take us weeks,

Nešto za što bi nam trebali tjedni

months to find in ones and zeroes,

i mjeseci u jedinicama i nulama,

are immediately apparent

odmah je vidljivo

in some sort of visual abstraction,

u nekakvoj vizualnoj apstrakciji

and as we continue to go through this

i ako nastavimo s ovim

and throw more and more information at it,

i ubacujemo sve više informacija,

what we find is that we're capable of processing

shvaćamo da smo sposobni procesuirati

billions of ones and zeros

milijarde jedinica i nula

in a matter of seconds

u nekoliko sekundi

just by using our brain's built-in ability

samo upotrebom ugrađene sposobnosti našeg mozga

to analyze patterns.

za analizu uzoraka.

So this is really nice and helpful,

Ovo je doista dobro i korisno,

but all this tells me is what I'm looking at.

no ovo mi samo govori u što gledam.

So at this point, based on visual patterns,

Na temelju ovih vizualnih uzoraka

I can find the code on the phone.

mogu pronaći kod na telefonu.

But that's not enough to blow up a battery.

No to nije dovoljno za eksploziju baterije.

The next thing I need to find is the code

Sljedeće što trebam je pronaći kod

that controls the battery, but we're back

koji kontrolira bateriju, no vraćamo se

to the needle in a stack of needles problem.

problemu traženja igle u plastu igala.

That code looks pretty much like all the other code

Taj kod izgleda poput bilo kojeg drugog koda

on that system.

u tom sustavu.

So I might not be able to find the code that controls the battery,

Možda neću moći naći kod koji kontrolira bateriju,

but there's a lot of things that are very similar to that.

no mnogo je stvari slično tome.

You have code that controls your screen,

Imate kod koji kontrolira vaš zaslon,

that controls your buttons, that controls your microphones,

koji kontrolira dugmeta, kontrolira mikrofon,

so even if I can't find the code for the battery,

tako da ako ne mogu naći kod za bateriju,

I bet I can find one of those things.

kladim se da mogu naći jednu od ovih stvari.

So the next step in my binary analysis process

Stoga je idući korak u procesu binarne analize

is to look at pieces of information

pregledati dijelove informacija

that are similar to each other.

koji su slični drugima.

It's really, really hard to do at a binary level,

Ovo je zbilja teško raditi na binarnoj razini,

but if we translate those similarities to a visual abstraction instead,

no ako ove sličnosti prevedemo u vizualnu apstrakciju,

I don't even have to sift through the raw data.

čak ni ne moram prosijavati sirove podatke.

All I have to do is wait for the image to light up

Sve što trebam je čekati da slika zasvijetli

to see when I'm at similar pieces.

kada sam na sličnim dijelovima.

I follow these strands of similarity like a trail of bread crumbs

Pratim ove linije sličnosti poput tragova mrvica kruha

to find exactly what I'm looking for.

kako bih pronašao što tražim.

So at this point in the process,

U ovoj točki procesa,

I've located the code

locirao sam kod

responsible for controlling your battery,

koji kontrolira vašu bateriju,

but that's still not enough to blow up a phone.

no to još uvijek nije dovoljno da telefon eksplodira.

The last piece of the puzzle

Posljednji dio zagonetke

is understanding how that code

je razumijevanje kako taj kod

controls your battery.

kontrolira vašu bateriju.

For this, I need to identify

Za ovo, moram identificirati

very subtle, very detailed relationships

vrlo suptilne, vrlo sitne veze

within that binary information,

unutar ovih binarnih informacija,

another very hard thing to do

što je također teško

when looking at ones and zeros.

gledajući u jedinice i nule.

But if we translate that information

No ako prevedemo ove informacije

into a physical representation,

u fizičku reprezentaciju,

we can sit back and let our visual cortex do all the hard work.

možemo se nasloniti i pustiti da naš vizualni korteks odradi posao.

It can find all the detailed patterns,

On može pronaći sve sitne uzorke,

all the important pieces, for us.

sve bitne dijelove umjesto nas.

It can find out exactly how the pieces of that code

Može saznati točno kako dijelovi ovog koda

work together to control that battery.

međusobno funkcioniraju i kontroliraju bateriju.

All of this can be done in a matter of hours,

Ovo je moguće učiniti u nekoliko sati,

whereas the same process

dok je isti proces

would have taken months in the past.

u prošlosti trajao mjesecima.

This is all well and good

Sve je ovo jako dobro

in a theoretical blow up a terrorist's phone situation.

u teoretskoj situaciji eksplozije teroristovog mobitela.

I wanted to find out if this would really work

Želio sam saznati hoće li ovo doista raditi

in the work I do every day.

na poslu koji radim svaki dan.

So I was playing around with these same concepts

Igrao sam se s ovim konceptima

with some of the data I've looked at in the past,

s nekim podatcima koje sam pregledavao prije

and yet again, I was trying to find

i ponovno sam tražio

a very detailed, specific piece of code

vrlo sitan, specifičan dio koda

inside of a massive piece of binary information.

u masi binarnih informacija.

So I looked at it at this level,

Pogledao sam ih na ovoj razini

thinking I was looking at the right thing,

misleći da gledam u pravu stvar,

only to see this doesn't have

i shvatio da ovo nema

the connectivity I would have expected

povezivost koju očekujem

for the code I was looking for.

za kod koji tražim.

In fact, I'm not really sure what this is,

Zapravo, nisam siguran što je ovo,

no kada sam se vratio za razinu unazad

but when I stepped back a level

and looked at the similarities within the code

i pogledao sličnosti unutar koda

I saw, this doesn't have similarities

vidio sam da ovo nije slično

like any code that exists out there.

nijednom kodu koji postoji.

I can't even be looking at code.

Čak i ne gledam u kod.

In fact, from this perspective,

Zapravo, iz ove perspektive

I could tell, this isn't code.

mogao sam vidjeti da ovo nije kod.

This is an image of some sort.

Ovo je nekakva slika.

And from here, I can see,

I odavde, mogu vidjeti

it's not just an image, this is a photograph.

da ovo nije samo slika, nego je fotografija.

Now that I know it's a photograph,

Sada kada znam da je fotografija,

I've got dozens of other binary translation techniques

imam desetke drugih tehnika binarnog prijevoda

to visualize and understand that information,

kako bih vizualizirao i shvatio informacije

so in a matter of seconds, we can take this information,

stoga u par sekundi možemo ove informacije

shove it through a dozen other visual translation techniques

provesti ih kroz desetak drugih tehnika vizualnog prijevoda

in order to find out exactly what we were looking at.

kako bismo saznali u što točno gledamo.

I saw — (Laughter) —

Vidio sam — (Smijeh) —

it was that darn kitten again.

bio je to opet onaj vražji mačić.

All this is enabled

Sve je ovo moguće

because we were able to find a way

jer možemo pronaći način

to translate a very hard problem

prevođenja jako teškog problema

to something our brains do very naturally.

u nešto što naš mozak prirodno odrađuje.

So what does this mean?

Što ovo znači?

Well, for kittens, it means

Za mačiće, znači

no more hiding in ones and zeros.

da se ne mogu skrivati u jedinicama i nulama.

For me, it means no more wasted weekends.

Za mene, znači da nema više potraćenih vikenda.

For cyber, it means we have a radical new way

Za cyber, znači da imamo radikalan novi način

to tackle the most impossible problems.

nošenja i s najnemogućijim problemima.

It means we have a new weapon

Znači da imamo novo oružje

in the evolving theater of cyber warfare,

na rastućoj pozornici cyber ratovanja,

but for all of us,

ali za sve nas,

it means that cyber engineers

znači da cyber inženjeri

now have the ability to become first responders

sada imaju sposobnost biti prva reakcija

in emergency situations.

u hitnim situacijama.

When seconds count,

Kada su u pitanju sekunde

we've unlocked the means to stop the bad guys.

otključali smo način zaustavljanja zlikovaca.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)