The fascinating physics of everyday life | Helen Czerski

Prevodilac: Aleksandra Ninovic Lektor: Ivana Korom

As you heard, I'm a physicist.

Kao što ste čuli, ja sam fizičar.

And I think the way we talk about physics needs a little modification.

I ja mislim da način na koji pričamo o fizici treba malo modifikovati.

I am from just down the road here; I don't live here anymore.

Rođena sam u ovoj ulici; ne živim više ovde.

But coming from round here means that I have a northern nana,

Ali poteći odavde znači da imam nanu sa severa,

my mum's mom.

mamu moje mame.

And Nana is very bright; she hasn't had much formal education,

Nana je vrlo bistra; nema puno formalnog obrazovanja,

but she's sharp.

ali je oštroumna.

And when I was a second-year undergraduate studying physics at Cambridge,

I kada sam bila na drugoj godini studija fizike na Kembridžu,

I remember spending an afternoon at Nana's house in Urmston

sećam se jednog popodneva u naninoj kući u Urmstonu

studying quantum mechanics.

kako učim kvantnu mehaniku.

And I had these folders open in front of me

I imala sam sve te fascikle otvorene ispred sebe

with this, you know, hieroglyphics -- let's be honest.

sa ovim, znate, hijeroglifima - da budemo iskreni.

And Nana came along, and she looked at this folder,

I nana nailazi, gleda tu fasciklu,

and she said, "What's that?"

i kaže: „Šta je to"?

I said, "It's quantum mechanics, Nana."

Ja kažem: „Kvantna mehanika, nano".

And I tried to explain something about what was on the page.

I pokušala sam da objasnim nešto na toj stranici.

It was to do with the nucleus and Einstein A and B coefficients.

Imalo je veze sa jezgrom i Ajnštajnovim koeficijentima A i B.

And Nana looked very impressed.

I nana je zadivljeno gledala.

And then she said, "Oh.

A zatim je rekla: „Oh.

What can you do when you know that?"

Šta možeš uraditi kada to znaš"?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

"Don't know, ma'am."

„Ne znam, nano".

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I think I said something about computers,

Mislim da sam rekla nešto o kompjuterima,

because it was all I could think of at the time.

jer je to bilo jedino čega sam mogla da se setim u tom trenutku.

But you can broaden that question out, because it's a very good question --

Ali to pitanje možete proširiti, jer je vrlo dobro pitanje -

"What can you do when you know that?" when "that" is physics?

„Šta možete uraditi kada to znate"? kada je „to" fizika?

And I've come to realize that when we talk about physics in society

I onda sam shvatila da kada pričamo o fizici u društvu

and our sort of image of it,

i našoj slici o njoj,

we don't include the things that we can do when we know that.

ne uključujemo stvari koje možemo uraditi kada to znamo.

Our perception of what physics is needs a bit of a shift.

Našu percepciju fizike treba malo pomeriti.

Not only does it need a bit of a shift,

Ne samo da ju je potrebno malo pomeriti,

but sharing this different perspective matters for our society,

već deljenje te različite perspektive znači našem društvu,

and I'm not just saying that because I'm a physicist and I'm biased

a ovo ne govorim samo zato što sam fizičar i pristrasna sam

and I think we're the most important people in the world.

i mislim da smo mi najvažniji ljudi na svetu.

Honest.

Iskreno.

So, the image of physics -- we've got an image problem, let's be honest --

Tako da se slika o fizici - imamo problem sa slikom, budimo iskreni -

it hasn't moved on much from this.

nije mnogo odmakla od ovoga.

This is a very famous photograph that's from the Solvay Conference in 1927.

Ovo je vrlo poznata fotografija, sa konferencije Solvej 1927. godine.

This is when the great minds of physics were grappling

Tada su se veliki umovi fizike rvali

with the nature of determinism

sa prirodom determinizma

and what it means only to have a probability

i šta znači imati samo verovatnoću

that a particle might be somewhere,

da čestica može biti negde,

and whether any of it was real.

i da li je išta od toga postojalo.

And it was all very difficult.

I sve to je bilo vrlo teško.

And you'll notice they're all very stern-looking men in suits.

Svi ćete primetiti da su svi oni ljudi u odelima, krutog izgleda

Marie Curie -- I keep maybe saying, "Marie Antoinette,"

Marija Kiri - ja možda stalno govorim, "Marija Antonaneta",

which would be a turn-up for the books --

što bi bio srećan slučaj za knjige -

Marie Curie, third from the left on the bottom there,

Marija Kiri, treća s leva, tamo pri dnu,

she was allowed in, but had to dress like everybody else.

bila joj dozvoljeno da uđe, ali je morala da se oblači kao svi ostali.

(Laughter)

So, this is what physics is like -- there's all these kinds of hieroglyphics,

(Smeh)

Tako da to je fizika - postoje svi ti hijeroglifi,

these are to do with waves and particles.

oni imaju veze za talasima i česticama.

That is an artist's impression of two black holes colliding,

To je umetnički utisak o dve crne rupe koje se sudaraju,

which makes it look worth watching, to be honest.

što ih čini vrednim gledanja, da budem iskrena.

I'm glad I didn't have to write the risk assessment

Drago mi je da nisam morala da pišem procenu rizika

for whatever was going on there.

za šta god se tamo dešavalo.

The point is: this is the image of physics, right?

Poenta je: ovo je slika o fizici, zar ne?

It's weird and difficult,

Čudna je i teška,

done by slightly strange people dressed in a slightly strange way.

napravili su je pomalo čudni ljudi, pomalo čudno obučeni.

It's inaccessible, it's somewhere else

Nedostupna je, postoji tamo negde

and fundamentally, why should I care?

i u suštini, zašto bi me bilo briga?

And the problem with that is that I'm a physicist,

Problem s tim je što sam ja fizičar,

and I study this.

i izučavam ovo.

This -- this is my job, right?

Ovo - to je moj posao, zar ne?

I study the interface between the atmosphere and the ocean.

Izučavam pristup između atmosfere i okeana.

The atmosphere is massive, the ocean is massive,

Atmosfera je masivna, okean je masivan,

and the thin layer that joins them together

a tanak sloj koji ih spaja

is really important,

je vrlo važan,

because that's where things go from one huge reservoir to the other.

jer tu stvari prelaze iz jednog ogromnog rezervoara u drugi.

You can see that the sea surface -- that was me who took this video --

Možete videti da površina mora - ja sam ta koja je snimila ovaj video -

the average height of those waves by the way, was 10 meters.

prosečna visina tih talasa je bila 10 metara.

So this is definitely physics happening here --

Prema tome definitivno se fizika dešava ovde -

there's lots of things -- this is definitely physics.

ima puno stvari - ovo je definitivno fizika.

And yet it's not included in our cultural perception of physics,

A opet nije uključeno u našu kulturološku percepciju fizike,

and that bothers me.

i to mi smeta.

So what is included in our cultural perception of physics?

Da vidimo šta je uključeno u našu kulturološku percepciju fizike?

Because I'm a physicist, there has to be a graph, right?

Pošto sam fizičar, mora da postoji grafikon, zar ne?

That's allowed.

To je dozvoljeno.

We've got time along the bottom here, from very fast things there,

Imamo vreme ovde na dnu, od vrlo brzih stvari tamo,

to things that take a long time over here.

do stvari kojima treba puno vremena, ovde.

Small things at the bottom, big things up there.

Male stvari na dnu, velike stvari gore.

So, our current cultural image of physics looks like this.

Prema tome, naša trenutna kulturološka slika o fizici izgleda ovako.

There's quantum mechanics down in that corner,

U ovom uglu dole je kvantna mehanika,

it's very small, it's very weird,

vrlo je mala, vrlo čudna,

it happens very quickly,

odvija se vrlo brzo,

and it's a long way down in the general ...

i generalno ona je daleko dole...

on the scale of anything that matters for everyday life.

na skali bilo čega što znači za svakodnevni život.

And then there's cosmology, which is up there;

A zatim postoji kosmologija, koja je ovde gore;

very large, very far away,

vrlo velika, vrlo daleko,

also very weird.

takođe vrlo čudna.

And if you go to some places

I ako idete do nekih mesta

like black holes in the beginning of the universe,

kao što su crne rupe na početku univerzuma,

we know that these are frontiers in physics, right?

znamo da su to granice u fizici, zar ne?

There's lots of work being done to discover new physics

Puno se radi na otkrivanju nove fizike

in these places.

na ovim mestima.

But the thing is, you will notice there's a very large gap in the middle.

Zapravo, primetićete da postoji ogroman jaz u sredini.

And in that gap, there are many things.

I u tom jazu postoji puno stvari.

There are planets and toasts and volcanoes and clouds

Tu su planete i tostovi i vulkani i oblaci

and clarinets and bubbles and dolphins

i klarineti i mehurići i delfini

and all sorts of things that make up our everyday life.

i gomila stvari koje čine naš svakodnevni život.

And these are also run by physics, you'd be surprised --

I njima takođe upravlja fizika, iznenadili biste se -

there is physics in the middle, it's just that nobody talks about it.

fizika je u sredini, samo što o njoj niko ne govori.

And the thing about all of these is that they all run

Stvar je u tome da svi oni rade

on a relatively small number of physical laws,

na osnovu relativno malog broja zakona fizike,

things like Newton's laws of motion,

poput Njutnovog zakona kretanja,

thermodynamics,

termodinamike,

some rotational dynamics.

nekih rotacionih dinamika.

The physics in the middle applies over a huge range,

Fizika u sredini se odnosi na ogroman niz,

from very, very small things to very, very big things.

od vrlo, vrlo malih stvari do vrlo, vrlo velikih.

You have to try very hard to get outside of this.

Morate se dosta potruditi da izađete izvan ovoga.

And there is also a frontier in research physics here,

Tu postoji i granica u istraživačkoj fizici,

it's just that nobody talks about it.

samo što o tome niko ne govori.

This is the world of the complex.

Ovo je svet složenosti.

When these laws work together, they bring about

Kada ovi zakoni rade zajedno, oni stvaraju

the beautiful, messy, complex world we live in.

prelepi, neuredni, složeni svet u kome živimo.

Fundamentally, this is the bit that really matters to me

U suštini, ovo je delić koji meni zaista znači

on an everyday basis.

na svakodnevnoj osnovi.

And this is the bit that we don't talk about.

A to je delić o kome ne govorimo.

There's plenty of physics research going on here.

Sprovode se mnoga istraživanja u fizici.

But because it doesn't involve pointing at stars,

Ali zato što ne uključuje pokazivanje zvezda,

people for some reason think it's not that.

ljudi iz nekog razloga misle da to nije to.

Now, the cool thing about this is that there are so many things

E sada, super stvar u vezi sa ovim je da postoji mnogo stvari

in this middle bit,

u ovom malom srednjem delu,

all following the same physical laws,

koje sve prate iste fizičke zakone,

that we can see those laws at work

tako da možemo videti te zakone na delu

almost all the time around us.

oko sebe u skoro svakom trenutku.

I've got a little video here.

Ovde imam jedan mali video.

So the game is, one of these eggs is raw and one of them has been boiled.

Igra je sledeća, jedno ovih jaja je živo, a jedno bareno.

I want you to tell me which one is which.

Želim da mi kažete koje je koje.

Which one's raw?

Koje je živo?

(Audience responds)

(Publika odgovara)

The one on the left -- yes!

Ono sa leve strane - da!

And even though you might not have tried that, you all knew.

I čak iako to možda niste probali, svi ste znali.

The reason for that is, you set them spinning,

Razlog tome je, zavrtite ih

and when you stop the cooked egg, the one that's completely solid,

i kada zaustavite kuvano jaje, ono koje je potpuno čvrsto,

you stop the entire egg.

vi zaustavite celo jaje.

When you stop the other one, you only stop the shell;

Kada zaustavite ono drugo, vi zaustavite samo ljusku;

the liquid inside is still rotating because nothing's made it stop.

tečnost unutra se i dalje okreće jer je ništa nije zaustavilo.

And then it pushes the shell round again, so the egg starts to rotate again.

Ona zatim pokreće ljusku ponovo, tako da jaje počinje ponovo da se vrti.

This is brilliant, right?

Ovo je fenomenalno, zar ne?

It's a demonstration of something in physics

Ovo je demonstracija nečega što u fizici

that we call the law of conservation of angular momentum,

zovemo zakonom očuvanja ugaonog momenta,

which basically says that if you set something spinning

koji u osnovi kaže da ako nešto zavrtiš

about a fixed axis,

oko fiksirane ose,

that it will keep spinning unless you do something to stop it.

nastaviće da se vrti ukoliko ne uradiš nešto da ga zaustaviš.

And that's really fundamental in how the universe works.

A to je zaista osnova načina na koji univerzum funkcioniše.

And it's not just eggs that it applies to,

I to se ne primenjuje samo na jaja,

although it's really useful if you're the sort of person --

iako je zaista korisno ako ste tip osobe -

and apparently, these people do exist --

a takvi ljudi očigledno postoje -

who will boil eggs and then put them back in the fridge.

koji će obariti jaja, a zatim ih vratiti u frižider.

Who does that? Don't admit to it -- it's OK. We won't judge you.

Ko to radi? Ne morate reći - u redu je. Nećemo vas osuđivati.

But it's also got much broader applicabilities.

Već ima i mnogo širu primenu.

This is the Hubble Space Telescope.

Ovo je svemirski teleskop Habl.

The Hubble Ultra Deep Field, which is a very tiny part of the sky.

Ultra duboko polje Habla, što je vrlo mali deo neba.

Hubble has been floating in free space for 25 years,

Habl pluta u slobodnom prostoru 25 godina,

not touching anything.

ne dodirujući ništa.

And yet it can point to a tiny region of sky.

A opet može ukazati na mali region neba.

For 11 and a half days, it did it in sections,

11 ipo dana je to radio u delovima,

accurately enough to take amazing images like this.

dovoljno precizno da zabeleži predivne slike poput ovih.

So the question is:

Pitanje je onda:

How does something that is not touching anything

kako nešto što ne dodiruje ništa

know where it is?

zna gde se nalazi?

The answer is that right in the middle of it, it has something

Odgovor je da u sredini ima nešto,

that, to my great disappointment, isn't a raw egg,

što, na moje veliko razočarenje, nije živo jaje,

but basically does the same job.

ali u osnovi radi isti posao.

It's got gyroscopes which are spinning,

On ima žiroskope koji se okreću,

and because of the law of conservation of angular momentum,

i zbog zakona održanja ugaonog momenta,

they keep spinning with the same axis, indefinitely.

oni nastavljaju da se okreću sa istom osom, beskonačno.

Hubble kind of rotates around them, and so it can orient itself.

Habl se zapravo okreće oko njih, pa se tako orijentiše.

So the same little physical law we can play with in the kitchen and use,

Tako da isti mali zakon fizike sa kojim se možemo igrati u kuhinji i koristiti ga,

also explains what makes possible some of the most advanced technology

takođe objašnjava šta čini mogućom najnapredniju tehnologiju

of our time.

našeg vremena.

So this is the fun bit of physics, that you learn these patterns

Ovo je zabavni deo fizike, gde učite ove šablone,

and then you can apply them again and again and again.

a onda ih možete primenjivati iznova i iznova.

And it's really rewarding when you spot them in new places.

I zaista je nagrađujuće kada ih primetite na novim mestima.

This is the fun of physics.

Ovo je zabavni deo fizike.

I have shown that egg video to an audience full of businesspeople once

Jednom sam pokazala onaj video sa jajima publici punoj poslovnih ljudi

and they were all dressed up very smartly and trying to impress their bosses.

koji su bili vrlo poslovno obučeni i pokušavali da zadive svoje šefove.

And I was running out of time, so I showed the egg video and then said,

Ponestajalo mi je vremena, tako da sam pustila video sa jajima i rekla,

"Well, you can work it out, and ask me afterwards to check."

„Pa, možete razmisliti, i pitati me posle da proverim".

Then I left the stage.

Zatim sam otišla sa pozornice.

And I had, literally,

middle-aged grown men tugging on my sleeve afterwards,

I imala sam, bukvalno,

sredovečne odrasle muškarce koji me vuku za rukav,

saying, "Is it this? Is it this?"

govoreći: „Je l' to ovo?"

And when I said, "Yes." They went, "Yes!"

I kada bih rekla „Da", oni bi rekli „To!"

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

The joy that you get from spotting these patterns

Užitak prepoznavanja ovih šablona

doesn't go away when you're an adult.

ne nestaje kada odrastete.

And that's really important,

I to je vrlo važno,

because physics is all about patterns,

jer je fizika puna šablona,

and a small number of patterns give you access

i mali broj njih vam daje pristup

to almost all of the physics in our everyday world.

skoro svoj fizici u našem svakodnevnom svetu.

The thing that's best about this is it involves playing with toys.

Najbolja stvar u vezi sa ovim je to što uključuje igru igračkama.

Things like the egg shouldn't be dismissed as the mundane little things

Stvari poput jajeta ne bi trebalo odbaciti kao svakodnevne male stvari

that we just give the kids to play with on a Saturday afternoon

koje dajemo deci da se igraju subotom popodne

to keep them quiet.

kako bi ih ućutkali.

This is the stuff that actually really matters,

Ovo su stvari koje zapravo zaista znače,

because this is the laws of the universe and it applies to eggs

jer je ovo zakon univerzuma i primenjuje se na jaja

and toast falling butter-side down and all sorts of other things,

i hleb koji pada na stranu sa puterom i gomilu drugih stvari,

just as much as it applies to modern technology

isto onoliko koliko se odnosi na modernu tehnologiju

and anything else that's going on in the world.

i sve drugo što se dešava u svetu.

So I think we should play with these patterns.

Prema tome ja mislim da bi trebalo da se igramo sa tim šablonima.

Basically, there are a small number of concepts

U osnovi postoji mali broj koncepаta

that you can become familiar with using things in your kitchen,

sa kojima se možete upoznati korišćenjem predmeta u kuhinji,

that are really useful for life in the outside world.

a koji su vrlo korisni za život u spoljašnjem svetu.

If you want to learn about thermodynamics, a duck is a good place to start,

Ako želite da učite o termodinamici, patka je dobro početno mesto,

for example, why their feet don't get cold.

na primer, zašto se njihova stopala nikada ne hlade.

Once you've got a bit of thermodynamics with the duck,

Kada shvatite deo termodinamike sa patkom,

you can also explain fridges.

možete objasniti i frižidere.

Magnets that you can play with in your kitchen

Magneti sa kojima se možete igrati u svojoj kuhinji

get you to wind turbines and modern energy generation.

vam objašnjavaju turbine i modernu proizvodnju energije.

Raisins in [fizzy] lemonade, which is always a good thing to play with.

Grožđice u gaziranoj limunadi, što je uvek dobra stvar za igru.

If you're at a boring party, fish some raisins out of the bar snacks,

Ako ste na dosadnoj žurci, izvucite nekoliko grožđica iz činije,

put them in some lemonade.

stavite ih u malo limunade.

It's got three consequences.

To ima tri posledice.

First thing is, it's quite good to watch; try it.

Prvo, vrlo je dobro za gledanje; probajte.

Secondly, it sends the boring people away.

Drugo, oteraće dosadne ljude.

Thirdly, it brings the interesting people to you.

Treće, dovešće vam interesantne ljude.

You win on all fronts.

Pobeđujete na svim frontovima.

And then there's spin and gas laws and viscosity.

Zatim su tu zakoni rotacije i gasa i viskoznost.

There's these little patterns, and they're right around us everywhere.

Tu su ti mali šabloni, i svuda su oko nas.

And it's fundamentally democratic, right?

I to je bazično demokratski, zar ne?

Everybody has access to the same physics; you don't need a big, posh lab.

Svi imaju pristup istoj fizici; nije potrebna velika, otmena laboratorija.

When I wrote the book, I had the chapter on spin.

Kada sam pisala knjigu, imala sam poglavlje o rotaciji.

I had written a bit about toast falling butter-side down.

Pisala sam malo i o hlebu koji se prevrne na stranu sa puterom.

I gave the chapter to a friend of mine who's not a scientist,

Dala sam poglavlje jednom prijatelju koji nije naučnik,

for him to read and tell me what he thought,

da pročita i kaže mi šta misli,

and he took the chapter away.

i on je odneo poglavlje.

He was working overseas.

Radio je u inostranstvu.

I got this text message back from him a couple of weeks later,

Posle nekoliko nedelja sam od njega dobila poruku,

and it said, "I'm at breakfast in a posh hotel in Switzerland,

koja kaže: „Doručkujem u otmenom hotelu u Švajcarskoj,

and I really want to push toast off the table,

i zaista želim da gurnem hleb sa stola,

because I don't believe what you wrote."

jer ne verujem šta si napisala".

And that was the good bit -- he doesn't have to.

I to je dobra stvar - ne mora.

He can push the toast off the table and try it for himself.

Može da gurne hleb sa stola i proba sam.

And so there's two important things to know about science:

Postoje dve važne stvari koje treba znati o nauci:

the fundamental laws we've learned through experience and experimentation,

osnovni zakoni koje smo naučili kroz iskustvo i eksperimentisanje,

work.

rade.

The day we drop an apple and it goes up,

Onog dana kada ispustimo jabuku i ona ode gore

then we'll have a debate about gravity.

tada ćemo imati debatu o gravitaciji.

Up to that point, we basically know how gravity works,

Do tada, znamo kako gravitacija radi,

and we can learn the framework.

i naučili smo okvire.

Then there's the process of experimentation:

Zatim je tu proces eksperimentisanja:

having confidence in things, trying things out,

imanje poverenja u stvari, isprobavanje novih,

critical thinking -- how we move science forward --

kritičko razmišljanje - kako pomeramo nauku napred,

and you can learn both of those things

a obe stvari možete naučiti

by playing with toys in the everyday world.

igranjem igračkama u svakodnevnom svetu.

And it's really important,

I vrlo je važno,

because there's all this talk about technology,

jer je tu sva ta priča o tehnologiji,

we've heard talks about quantum computing

čuli smo priče o kvantnom računanju

and all these mysterious, far-off things.

i svim tim misterioznim, dalekim stvarima.

But fundamentally, we still live in bodies that are about this size,

Ali u osnovi i dalje živimo u telima koja su otprilike ove velilčine,

we still walk about, sit on chairs that are about this size,

i dalje hodamo unaokolo, sedimo na stolicama ove veličine,

we still live in the physical world.

i dalje živimo u fizičkom svetu.

And being familiar with these concepts means we're not helpless.

A biti upoznat sa svim tim konceptima znači da nismo bespomoćni.

And I think it's really important that we're not helpless,

Ja mislim da je vrlo važno da nismo bespomoćni,

that society feels it can look at things,

da društvo misli da može gledati u stvari,

because this isn't about knowing all the answers.

jer to ne znači znati sve odgovore.

It's about having the framework so you can ask the right questions.

Znači da imamo okvir kako bismo postavljali prava pitanja.

And by playing with these fundamental little things in everyday life,

A igranjem sa ovim malim bazičnim stvarima iz svakodnevnog života,

we gain the confidence to ask the right questions.

stičemo samopouzdanje da postavimo prava pitanja.

So, there's a bigger thing.

Prema tome, eto veće stvari.

In answer to Nana's question

Odgovor na nanino pitanje

about what can you do when you know that --

o tome šta možemo raditi kada to znamo -

because there's lots of stuff in the everyday world

jer postoji mnogo stvari u svakodnevnom svetu

that you can do when you know that,

koje možete raditi kada to znate,

especially if you've got eggs in the fridge --

naročito ako imate jaja u fružideru -

there's a much deeper answer.

je da postoji mnogo dublji odgovor.

And so there's all the fun and the curiosity

Puno zabave i znatiželje

that you could have playing with toys.

ima u igri sa igračkama.

By the way -- why should kids have all the fun, right?

Uzgred - zašto bi se samo deca zabavljala, zar ne?

All of us can have fun playing with toys,

Svi se možemo zabavljati igračkama,

and we shouldn't be embarrassed about it.

i ne bi trebalo da se stidimo zbog toga.

You can blame me, it's fine.

Možete okriviti mene, u redu je.

So when it comes to reasons for studying physics, for example,

Kada govorimo o razlozima za učenje fizike, na primer,

here is the best reason I can think of:

evo najboljeg kog se mogu setiti:

I think that each of us has three life-support systems.

mislim da svako od nas ima tri sistema za podršku životu.

We've got our own body, we've got a planet

Imamo svoje telo, imamo planetu

and we've got our civilization.

i imamo svoju civilizaciju.

Each of those is an independent life-support system,

Svaki od njih je nezavisni sistem podrške životu,

keeping us alive in its own way.

koji nas održava živim na svoj način.

And they all run on the fundamental physical laws

A svi oni rade na osnovu fundamentalnih zakona fizike

that you can learn in the kitchen with eggs and teacups and lemonade,

koje možete naučiti u kuhinji sa jajima i šoljama za čaj i limunadom,

and everything else you can play with.

i svim ostalim sa čim se možete igrati.

This is the reason, for example,

Ovo je razlog, na primer,

why something like climate change is such a serious problem,

zašto je nešto poput klimatske promene tako veliki problem,

because It's two of these life-support systems,

zato što se njegova dva sistema podrške životu,

our planet and our civilization,

naša planeta i naša civilizacija,

kind of butting up against each other;

sudaraju jedan s drugim;

they're in conflict, and we need to negotiate that boundary.

u konfliktu su, a mi moramo da pregovaramo o granici.

And the fundamental physical laws that we can learn

Osnovni zakoni fizike koje možemo naučiti

that are the way the world around us works,

i koji pokreću svet oko nas,

are the tools at the basis of everything;

jesu alati u osnovi svega;

they're the foundation.

oni su temelj.

There's lots of things to know about in life,

Ima mnogo stvari u životu o kojima treba znati,

but knowing the foundations is going to get you a long way.

ali poznavanje temelja će vas odvesti daleko.

And I think this, if you're not interested in having fun with physics

I ja mislim da ako niste zainteresovani za zabavljanje fizikom

or anything like that -- strange, but apparently, these people exist --

ili bilo šta slično - čudno, ali očigledno takvi ljudi postoje -

you surely are interested in keeping yourself alive

zasigurno jeste zainteresovani za održavanje sebe u životu

and in how our life-support systems work.

i to kako naš sistem podrške životu radi.

The framework for physics is remarkably constant;

Okvir fizike je upečatljivo konstantan;

it's the same in lots and lots of things that we measure.

isti je u mnogo stvari koje merimo.

It's not going to change anytime soon.

I neće se promeniti uskoro.

They might discover some new quantum mechanics,

Možda će otkriti neku novu kvantnu mehaniku,

but apples right here are still going to fall down.

ali ove jabuke će i dalje padati dole.

So, the question is --

Prema tome, pitanje je -

I get asked sometimes: How do you start?

Ponekad me pitaju: kako počinješ?

What's the place to start

Odakle se počinje

if you're interested in the physical world, in not being helpless,

ako te interesuje fizički svet, kako ne biti bespomoćan,

and in finding some toys to play with?

i traženje igračaka za igru?

Here is my suggestion to you:

Evo mog predloga za vas:

the place to start is that moment -- and adults do this --

mesto gde se počinje je onaj momenat - a odrasli ovo rade -

you're drifting along somewhere,

kada negde lutate,

and you spot something and your brain goes, "Oh, that's weird."

i ugledate nešto a vaš mozak kaže: „O, čudno".

And then your consciousness goes, "You're an adult. Keep going."

A zatim vaša svest kaže: „Odrasla si osoba. Nastavi dalje".

And that's the point -- hold that thought --

I to je trenutak - zadržite tu misao -

that bit where your brain went, "Oh, that's a bit odd,"

delić gde je vaš mozak rekao: „To je pomalo čudno",

because there's something there to play with,

jer tu postoji nešto sa čim se igra,

and it's worth you playing with it,

i vredno je vaše igre sa njim,

so that's the place to start.

prema tome tu se počinje.

But if you don't have any of those little moments

Ali ako nemate nijedan od tih malih momenata

on your way home from this event,

na svom putu kući sa ovog događaja,

here are some things to start with.

evo nekih stvari za početak.

Put raisins in [fizzy] lemonade; highly entertaining.

Stavite grožđice u gaziranu limunadu; izuzetno zabavno.

Watch a coffee spill dry.

Gledajte kako se suši prosuta kafa.

I know that sounds a little bit like watching paint dry,

Znam da to izgleda pomalo kao gledati boju kako se suši

but it does do quite weird things; it's worth watching.

ali ipak radi neke čudne stvari; vredi gledati.

I'm an acquired taste at dinner parties if there are teacups around.

Ljudi počinju da me vole na večerama ako u blizini ima šolja za čaj.

There are so many things you can do to play with teacups, it's brilliant.

Ima toliko stvari koje možete raditi sa šoljama za čaj, neverovatno je.

The most obvious one is to get a teacup, get a spoon,

Najočiglednija je da uzmete šolju, kašiku,

tap the teacup around the rim and listen,

udarajte šolju po obodu i slušajte,

and you will hear something strange.

i čućete nešto čudno.

And the other thing is, push your toast off the table

A druga stvar je, gurnite hleb sa stola

because you can, and you'll learn stuff from it.

jer možete, i naučićete nešto iz toga.

And if you're feeling really ambitious,

A ako ste zaista ambiciozni,

try and push it off in such a way that it doesn't fall butter-side down,

pokušajte da ga gurnete tako da ne padne na stranu sa puterom,

which is possible.

što je moguće.

The point of all of this is that,

Poenta svega ovoga je da bi,

first of all, we should all play with toys.

pre svega, svi trebalo da se igramo.

We shouldn't be afraid to investigate the physical world for ourselves

Ne bi trebalo da se plašimo ispitivanja fizičkog sveta za sebe

with the tools around us,

alatkama oko sebe,

because we all have access to them.

jer su nam svima dostupne.

It matters, because if we want to understand society,

Važno je, jer ako želimo da razumemo društvo,

if we want to be good citizens,

ako želimo da budemo dobri građani,

we need to understand the framework on which everything else must be based.

moramo razumeti okvir na kome se bazira sve ostalo.

Playing with toys is great.

Igračke su super.

Understanding how to keep our life-support systems going is great.

Razumevanje kako održati naš sistem podrške životu je super.

But fundamentally, the thing that we need to change

Ali fundamentalno, ono što moramo promeniti

in the way that we talk about physics,

u načinu na koji pričamo o fizici,

is we need to understand

je da moramo razumeti

that physics isn't out there with weird people

da fizika nije tamo negde sa čudnim ljudima

and strange hieroglyphics

i čudnim hijeroglifima

for somebody else in a posh lab.

za nekog drugog u otmenoj laboratoriji.

Physics is right here; it's for us, and we can all play with it.

Fizika je baš ovde; ona je za nas, i svi se možemo igrati njom.

Thank you very much.

Hvala puno.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)