The fascinating physics of everyday life | Helen Czerski

295,170 views ใƒป 2017-09-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Michael Coslovsky ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
As you heard, I'm a physicist.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื, ืื ื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ืช.
00:15
And I think the way we talk about physics needs a little modification.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”.
00:19
I am from just down the road here; I don't live here anymore.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ, ืื ื™ ื‘ืื” ืžืงืฆื” ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ. ืื ื™ ืœื ื’ืจื” ื›ืืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:22
But coming from round here means that I have a northern nana,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืื” ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื ืื ื ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช,
00:27
my mum's mom.
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ืืžื ืฉืœ ืืžื ืฉืœื™.
00:28
And Nana is very bright; she hasn't had much formal education,
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ื•ื ืื ื ื”ื™ื ืื™ืฉื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื”. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืจืฉืžื™,
00:32
but she's sharp.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื—ื“ืช ืชืคื™ืกื”.
00:33
And when I was a second-year undergraduate studying physics at Cambridge,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉื ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’',
00:37
I remember spending an afternoon at Nana's house in Urmston
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืื—ืจ ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืื ื ื‘ืื•ืจืžืกื˜ื•ืŸ
00:42
studying quantum mechanics.
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ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื›ื ื™ืงื” ืงื•ื•ืื ื˜ื™ืช
00:44
And I had these folders open in front of me
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืงืœืกืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืœืคื ื™
00:46
with this, you know, hieroglyphics -- let's be honest.
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ืขื ื”-, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืฉืคืช ื—ืจื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื–ืืช -- ืื ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื ื™ื.
00:49
And Nana came along, and she looked at this folder,
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ื•ื ืื ื ื‘ืื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื” ื‘ืงืœืกืจ ื”ื–ื”,
00:54
and she said, "What's that?"
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” "ืžื” ื–ื”?"
00:56
I said, "It's quantum mechanics, Nana."
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ื–ืืช ืžื›ื ื™ืงื” ืงื•ื•ืื ื˜ื™ืช, ื ืื ื."
00:59
And I tried to explain something about what was on the page.
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ื•ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ.
01:03
It was to do with the nucleus and Einstein A and B coefficients.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืงื“ืžื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ A ื•-B.
01:07
And Nana looked very impressed.
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ื•ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืื ื ื“ื™ ื”ืชืจืฉืžื”.
01:10
And then she said, "Oh.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืื”ื”.
01:12
What can you do when you know that?"
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ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?"
01:14
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:19
"Don't know, ma'am."
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"ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ื ืื ื."
01:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:21
I think I said something about computers,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
01:23
because it was all I could think of at the time.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
01:26
But you can broaden that question out, because it's a very good question --
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื›ื™ ื–ืืช ืฉืืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื“ --
01:30
"What can you do when you know that?" when "that" is physics?
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"ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?" ื›ืฉ-"ื–ื”" ื–ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”?
01:33
And I've come to realize that when we talk about physics in society
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื•ื•ืจ ืœื™ ืฉื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”
01:36
and our sort of image of it,
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ื•ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœื”,
01:38
we don't include the things that we can do when we know that.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
01:41
Our perception of what physics is needs a bit of a shift.
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ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ืžื”ื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
01:44
Not only does it need a bit of a shift,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
01:46
but sharing this different perspective matters for our society,
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ืืœื ืฉืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•,
01:51
and I'm not just saying that because I'm a physicist and I'm biased
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžื•ื˜ื”
01:54
and I think we're the most important people in the world.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
01:57
Honest.
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ื ืฉื‘ืขืช.
01:58
So, the image of physics -- we've got an image problem, let's be honest --
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ืื–, ื”ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” -- ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื•ื“ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื™ืช --
02:02
it hasn't moved on much from this.
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ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื”.
02:04
This is a very famous photograph that's from the Solvay Conference in 1927.
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ื–ื”ื• ืชืฆืœื•ื ืžืื“ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžื•ืขื™ื“ืช ืกื•ืœื‘ืื™ื™ ื‘-1927.
02:08
This is when the great minds of physics were grappling
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื ืื‘ืงื•
02:12
with the nature of determinism
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ืขื ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ื–ื
02:15
and what it means only to have a probability
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ื•ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช
02:17
that a particle might be somewhere,
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ืฉื—ืœืงื™ืง ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื,
02:18
and whether any of it was real.
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ื•ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื–ื” ืืžื™ืชื™.
02:20
And it was all very difficult.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืื“ ืงืฉื”.
02:22
And you'll notice they're all very stern-looking men in suits.
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ื•ืื ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืชืจืื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™-ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช.
02:25
Marie Curie -- I keep maybe saying, "Marie Antoinette,"
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ืžืืจื™ ืงื™ื•ืจื™ -- ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื•ืžืจ "ืžืืจื™ ืื ื˜ื•ืื ื˜,"
02:27
which would be a turn-up for the books --
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชืคื ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื --
02:29
Marie Curie, third from the left on the bottom there,
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ืžืืจื™ ืงื™ื•ืจื™, ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืฉืžืืœ, ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืฉื,
02:32
she was allowed in, but had to dress like everybody else.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืจืฉืชื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื.
02:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:36
So, this is what physics is like -- there's all these kinds of hieroglyphics,
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ืื–, ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” -- ื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ืจื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื–ื”,
02:40
these are to do with waves and particles.
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื.
02:42
That is an artist's impression of two black holes colliding,
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ื–ื” ืชืคื™ืกืช ืืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชื ื’ืฉื™ื,
02:45
which makes it look worth watching, to be honest.
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ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ืฆืคื™ื™ื”, ืื ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืช.
02:47
I'm glad I didn't have to write the risk assessment
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ืื ื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื
02:50
for whatever was going on there.
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ืœืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืฉื.
02:51
The point is: this is the image of physics, right?
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื: ื–ื• ื”ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:54
It's weird and difficult,
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ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ืจ ื•ืงืฉื”,
02:55
done by slightly strange people dressed in a slightly strange way.
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ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืงืฆืช ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงืฆืช ืžื•ื–ืจื”.
02:58
It's inaccessible, it's somewhere else
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ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื’ื™ืฉ, ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ
03:00
and fundamentally, why should I care?
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ืœืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื™?
03:03
And the problem with that is that I'm a physicist,
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ืช,
03:07
and I study this.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืืช ื–ื”.
03:08
This -- this is my job, right?
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ื–ื• -- ื–ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™, ื›ืŸ?
03:11
I study the interface between the atmosphere and the ocean.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
03:14
The atmosphere is massive, the ocean is massive,
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ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™,
03:17
and the thin layer that joins them together
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ื•ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื“ืงื” ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืื•ืชื
03:19
is really important,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”,
03:20
because that's where things go from one huge reservoir to the other.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžืื’ืจ ืขื ืงื™ ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ืจ.
03:23
You can see that the sea surface -- that was me who took this video --
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื -- ื–ื• ืื ื™ ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื–ื” --
03:27
the average height of those waves by the way, was 10 meters.
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ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื™ื” 10 ืžื˜ืจื™ื, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘.
03:30
So this is definitely physics happening here --
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ืื– ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืคื” --
03:33
there's lots of things -- this is definitely physics.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื -- ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”.
03:35
And yet it's not included in our cultural perception of physics,
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ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”,
03:39
and that bothers me.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื™.
03:41
So what is included in our cultural perception of physics?
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ืื– ืžื” ื›ืŸ ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”?
03:44
Because I'm a physicist, there has to be a graph, right?
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ืช, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืจืฃ, ืœื ื›ื›ื”?
03:47
That's allowed.
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ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ.
03:48
We've got time along the bottom here, from very fast things there,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื›ืืŸ, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืื“ ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื,
03:52
to things that take a long time over here.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืœื”ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื.
03:56
Small things at the bottom, big things up there.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื”.
03:58
So, our current cultural image of physics looks like this.
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ืื–, ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ื›ื”.
04:01
There's quantum mechanics down in that corner,
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ื™ืฉ ืžื›ื ื™ืงื” ืงื•ื•ืื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”,
04:04
it's very small, it's very weird,
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ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืžื•ื–ืจ,
04:06
it happens very quickly,
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืžืื“ ืžื”ืจ,
04:08
and it's a long way down in the general ...
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ื•ื–ื” ืจื—ื•ืง, ืจื—ื•ืง ืœืžื˜ื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™...
04:11
on the scale of anything that matters for everyday life.
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ืขืœ ืกื•ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื.
04:14
And then there's cosmology, which is up there;
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืกืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื”;
04:16
very large, very far away,
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ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื“, ืžืื“ ืจื—ื•ืงื”,
04:18
also very weird.
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ื’ื ืžื•ื–ืจื” ืžืื“.
04:20
And if you go to some places
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ื•ืื ืชืœื›ื• ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื
04:22
like black holes in the beginning of the universe,
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ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื -- ืฉื ื™ ืืœื” ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืื—ื•ืจื” --
04:25
we know that these are frontiers in physics, right?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืืœื• ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:28
There's lots of work being done to discover new physics
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
04:31
in these places.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
04:33
But the thing is, you will notice there's a very large gap in the middle.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืคืขืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืข.
04:36
And in that gap, there are many things.
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ื•ืฉื, ื‘ืคืขืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
04:38
There are planets and toasts and volcanoes and clouds
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ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืœื›ืช ื•ื˜ื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื™ ื’ืขืฉ ื•ืขื ื ื™ื
04:41
and clarinets and bubbles and dolphins
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ื•ืงืœืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื
04:43
and all sorts of things that make up our everyday life.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:46
And these are also run by physics, you'd be surprised --
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”, ืืชื ืชืชืคืœืื• --
04:50
there is physics in the middle, it's just that nobody talks about it.
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ื™ืฉ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”.
04:53
And the thing about all of these is that they all run
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ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื›ืœ ืืœื•, ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
04:57
on a relatively small number of physical laws,
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ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื,
05:00
things like Newton's laws of motion,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ,
05:02
thermodynamics,
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ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื”,
05:04
some rotational dynamics.
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ื›ืžื” ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
05:05
The physics in the middle applies over a huge range,
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ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืข ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืขืฆื•ื,
05:09
from very, very small things to very, very big things.
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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืื“, ืžืื“ ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืื“, ืžืื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
05:12
You have to try very hard to get outside of this.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื–ื”.
05:14
And there is also a frontier in research physics here,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื—ื–ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ืช ื›ืืŸ,
05:18
it's just that nobody talks about it.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
05:20
This is the world of the complex.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
05:21
When these laws work together, they bring about
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ื›ืฉื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
05:24
the beautiful, messy, complex world we live in.
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ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ืคื”, ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ืŸ, ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:26
Fundamentally, this is the bit that really matters to me
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ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก, ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™
05:30
on an everyday basis.
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ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™.
05:31
And this is the bit that we don't talk about.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ืขืœื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
05:33
There's plenty of physics research going on here.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื—ืงืจ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืคื”.
05:36
But because it doesn't involve pointing at stars,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื,
05:38
people for some reason think it's not that.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืžื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื–ื”.
05:40
Now, the cool thing about this is that there are so many things
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ืฉืžื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
05:44
in this middle bit,
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื–ื”,
05:46
all following the same physical laws,
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื,
05:49
that we can see those laws at work
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”
05:51
almost all the time around us.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื ื•.
05:53
I've got a little video here.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ืงืฆืจ ื›ืืŸ.
05:55
So the game is, one of these eggs is raw and one of them has been boiled.
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ืื– ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื, ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืงืฉื”.
05:59
I want you to tell me which one is which.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืืชื ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื™ ืื™ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืื™ื–ื•.
06:02
Which one's raw?
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ืื™ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœืช?
06:04
(Audience responds)
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(ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืงื”ืœ)
06:05
The one on the left -- yes!
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ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืืœ -- ื›ืŸ!
06:07
And even though you might not have tried that, you all knew.
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื ื™ืกื™ืชื ืืช ื–ื”, ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื™ื“ืขืชื.
06:09
The reason for that is, you set them spinning,
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ,
06:12
and when you stop the cooked egg, the one that's completely solid,
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ื•ื›ืฉืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœืช, ื–ื• ืฉืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื•ืฆืงื”,
06:15
you stop the entire egg.
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ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื”.
06:16
When you stop the other one, you only stop the shell;
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ื›ืฉืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื”;
06:19
the liquid inside is still rotating because nothing's made it stop.
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ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืขืฆืจ ืื•ืชื•.
06:22
And then it pushes the shell round again, so the egg starts to rotate again.
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ื•ืื–, ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืฉื•ื‘.
06:27
This is brilliant, right?
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ืžื‘ืจื™ืง, ืœื?
06:29
It's a demonstration of something in physics
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”
06:31
that we call the law of conservation of angular momentum,
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ืœื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืชื ืข ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ืชื™,
06:34
which basically says that if you set something spinning
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ืฉื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืืชื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘
06:37
about a fixed axis,
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฆื™ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข,
06:38
that it will keep spinning unless you do something to stop it.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืืœื ืื ืชืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื•.
06:41
And that's really fundamental in how the universe works.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื™ืงื•ื ืžืชื ื”ืœ.
06:45
And it's not just eggs that it applies to,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืจืง ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื,
06:47
although it's really useful if you're the sort of person --
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืื“ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ, ืื ืืชื ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื–ื” --
06:50
and apparently, these people do exist --
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ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” --
06:52
who will boil eggs and then put them back in the fridge.
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ืฉืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืžืงืจืจ.
06:55
Who does that? Don't admit to it -- it's OK. We won't judge you.
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ืžื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”? ืืœ ืชื•ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืš -- ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืœื ื ืฉืคื•ื˜ ืืชื›ื.
06:58
But it's also got much broader applicabilities.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื‘ื™ื.
07:01
This is the Hubble Space Telescope.
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ื–ื”ื• ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืื‘ืœ.
07:03
The Hubble Ultra Deep Field, which is a very tiny part of the sky.
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ื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืื“ ื–ืขื™ืจ ืžื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
07:06
Hubble has been floating in free space for 25 years,
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ื”ืื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืจื—ืฃ ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ 25 ืฉื ื”,
07:09
not touching anything.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
07:11
And yet it can point to a tiny region of sky.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื–ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
07:14
For 11 and a half days, it did it in sections,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 11 ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื—ืชื›ื™ื,
07:18
accurately enough to take amazing images like this.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื•.
07:21
So the question is:
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื:
07:22
How does something that is not touching anything
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ืื™ืš ืžืฉื”ื•, ืฉืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ
07:24
know where it is?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื?
07:26
The answer is that right in the middle of it, it has something
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืžืฉ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืฉื”ื•
07:29
that, to my great disappointment, isn't a raw egg,
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ืฉืœืื›ื–ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”,
07:31
but basically does the same job.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
07:32
It's got gyroscopes which are spinning,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื™ืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื ืฉืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื,
07:34
and because of the law of conservation of angular momentum,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืชื ืข ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ืชื™,
07:37
they keep spinning with the same axis, indefinitely.
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ื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื™ืจ, ืœื ืฆื—.
07:40
Hubble kind of rotates around them, and so it can orient itself.
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ื”ืื‘ืœ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื, ื•ื›ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•.
07:43
So the same little physical law we can play with in the kitchen and use,
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ืื– ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ืชื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•,
07:47
also explains what makes possible some of the most advanced technology
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ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื’ื ืžื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:52
of our time.
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ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•.
07:53
So this is the fun bit of physics, that you learn these patterns
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”, ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”
07:57
and then you can apply them again and again and again.
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ื•ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
08:00
And it's really rewarding when you spot them in new places.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื’ืžืœ ื›ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
08:03
This is the fun of physics.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ืฃ ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”.
08:04
I have shown that egg video to an audience full of businesspeople once
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ื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืคืขื ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืœืงื”ืœ ืžืœื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ ืขืกืงื™ื
08:09
and they were all dressed up very smartly and trying to impress their bosses.
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื ื“ืจื ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
08:13
And I was running out of time, so I showed the egg video and then said,
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ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขืžื“ ืœื”ื’ืžืจ ืœื™, ืื– ื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืื– ืืžืจืชื™,
08:17
"Well, you can work it out, and ask me afterwards to check."
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"ื˜ื•ื‘, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง."
08:20
Then I left the stage.
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ืื– ื™ืจื“ืชื™ ืžื”ื‘ืžื”.
08:21
And I had, literally,
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื™, ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•,
08:22
middle-aged grown men tugging on my sleeve afterwards,
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ, ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
08:25
saying, "Is it this? Is it this?"
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ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, "ื–ื” ื–ื”? ื–ื” ื–ื”?"
08:27
And when I said, "Yes." They went, "Yes!"
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ื•ื›ืฉืืžืจืชื™ "ื›ืŸ", ื”ื ืืžืจื• "ื™ืฉ!"
08:29
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:30
The joy that you get from spotting these patterns
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ื”ืชืขื ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”
08:32
doesn't go away when you're an adult.
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ืœื ื ืขืœื ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
08:34
And that's really important,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
08:36
because physics is all about patterns,
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ื›ื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื“ืคื•ืกื™ื,
08:39
and a small number of patterns give you access
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ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ื ื’ื™ืฉื”
08:41
to almost all of the physics in our everyday world.
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ืœื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:45
The thing that's best about this is it involves playing with toys.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืฉื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื.
08:48
Things like the egg shouldn't be dismissed as the mundane little things
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื
08:52
that we just give the kids to play with on a Saturday afternoon
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื
08:55
to keep them quiet.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืงื˜.
08:56
This is the stuff that actually really matters,
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ืืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื,
08:58
because this is the laws of the universe and it applies to eggs
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื• ื”ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื™ืงื•ื, ื•ื”ื ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื
09:01
and toast falling butter-side down and all sorts of other things,
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ื•ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขื ื”ื—ืžืื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
09:05
just as much as it applies to modern technology
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช
09:07
and anything else that's going on in the world.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
09:09
So I think we should play with these patterns.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
09:13
Basically, there are a small number of concepts
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช
09:15
that you can become familiar with using things in your kitchen,
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ืื•ืชื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœื›ื,
09:18
that are really useful for life in the outside world.
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ืฉื”ื ืžืื“ ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
09:21
If you want to learn about thermodynamics, a duck is a good place to start,
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื”, ื‘ืจื•ื•ื– ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืื™ืชื•,
09:25
for example, why their feet don't get cold.
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืœืžื” ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ืžืชืงืจืจื•ืช.
09:27
Once you've got a bit of thermodynamics with the duck,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื ืืช ืžืขื˜ ื”ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื•ื•ื–,
09:29
you can also explain fridges.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืงืจืจื™ื.
09:31
Magnets that you can play with in your kitchen
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ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื, ืื™ืชื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœื›ื,
09:34
get you to wind turbines and modern energy generation.
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ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืืชื›ื ืœื˜ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื— ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.
09:38
Raisins in [fizzy] lemonade, which is always a good thing to play with.
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ืฆื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื ื“ื” ืชื•ืกืกืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื•.
09:41
If you're at a boring party, fish some raisins out of the bar snacks,
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ืื ืืชื ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉืขืžืžืช, ื“ื•ื’ื• ื›ืžื” ืฆื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจ,
09:44
put them in some lemonade.
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ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืงืฆืช ืœื™ืžื•ื ื“ื”.
09:46
It's got three consequences.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื–ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช.
09:48
First thing is, it's quite good to watch; try it.
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืฃ ืœืจืื•ืช; ื ืกื• ืืช ื–ื”.
09:50
Secondly, it sends the boring people away.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™, ื–ื” ืžืกืœืง ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ืžื”ืžืงื•ื.
09:53
Thirdly, it brings the interesting people to you.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื›ื.
09:55
You win on all fronts.
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ืชืฆืื• ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช.
09:56
And then there's spin and gas laws and viscosity.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกืคื™ืŸ, ื•ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื’ื–ื™ื ื•ืฆืžื™ื’ื•ืช.
10:00
There's these little patterns, and they're right around us everywhere.
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ื•ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
10:03
And it's fundamentally democratic, right?
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™, ืœื?
10:07
Everybody has access to the same physics; you don't need a big, posh lab.
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”; ืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช.
10:11
When I wrote the book, I had the chapter on spin.
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ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืคืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื™ืŸ.
10:15
I had written a bit about toast falling butter-side down.
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ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ืขื ื”ื—ืžืื”.
10:17
I gave the chapter to a friend of mine who's not a scientist,
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ื ืชืชื™ ืืช ื”ืคืจืง ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื“ืขืŸ,
10:20
for him to read and tell me what he thought,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื™ืงืจื ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
10:22
and he took the chapter away.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืคืจืง ืžืžื ื™.
10:26
He was working overseas.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื.
10:27
I got this text message back from him a couple of weeks later,
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืžื ื• ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื›ืš,
10:30
and it said, "I'm at breakfast in a posh hotel in Switzerland,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš: "ืื ื™ ื‘ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื‘ืžืœื•ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื“ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ,
10:34
and I really want to push toast off the table,
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ื•ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื—ืฉืง ืœื™ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ื˜ื•ืกื˜ ืžื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ,
10:37
because I don't believe what you wrote."
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช."
10:39
And that was the good bit -- he doesn't have to.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ -- ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš.
10:42
He can push the toast off the table and try it for himself.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืกื˜ ืžื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
10:45
And so there's two important things to know about science:
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ื›ื›ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžื“ืข:
10:49
the fundamental laws we've learned through experience and experimentation,
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื, ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื“ืจืš ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื,
10:53
work.
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ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
10:55
The day we drop an apple and it goes up,
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ื ืฉื—ืจืจ ืชืคื•ื— ืžื”ื™ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืœื” ืœืžืขืœื”,
10:57
then we'll have a debate about gravity.
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ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”.
10:59
Up to that point, we basically know how gravity works,
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ืขื“ ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช,
11:01
and we can learn the framework.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
11:03
Then there's the process of experimentation:
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื:
11:05
having confidence in things, trying things out,
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ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืœื ืกื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
11:07
critical thinking -- how we move science forward --
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช -- ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืข --
11:10
and you can learn both of those things
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
11:12
by playing with toys in the everyday world.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™.
11:15
And it's really important,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
11:17
because there's all this talk about technology,
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
11:19
we've heard talks about quantum computing
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ืฉืžืขื ื• ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื•ื•ืื ื˜ื™
11:21
and all these mysterious, far-off things.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ื™ื, ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
11:23
But fundamentally, we still live in bodies that are about this size,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืš, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื”,
11:27
we still walk about, sit on chairs that are about this size,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื”ืœื›ื™ื, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืกืื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื”,
11:30
we still live in the physical world.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™.
11:32
And being familiar with these concepts means we're not helpless.
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ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ืกืจื™ ืื•ื ื™ื.
11:36
And I think it's really important that we're not helpless,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ืกืจื™ ืื•ื ื™ื,
11:39
that society feels it can look at things,
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ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
11:41
because this isn't about knowing all the answers.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
11:44
It's about having the framework so you can ask the right questions.
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ื–ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
11:47
And by playing with these fundamental little things in everyday life,
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ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื,
11:51
we gain the confidence to ask the right questions.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
11:54
So, there's a bigger thing.
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ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:55
In answer to Nana's question
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ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื ืื ื
11:57
about what can you do when you know that --
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื” --
11:59
because there's lots of stuff in the everyday world
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™
12:01
that you can do when you know that,
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
12:03
especially if you've got eggs in the fridge --
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจืจ --
12:06
there's a much deeper answer.
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ื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืžื™ืงื”.
12:08
And so there's all the fun and the curiosity
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฃ ื•ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช
12:10
that you could have playing with toys.
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื.
12:12
By the way -- why should kids have all the fun, right?
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ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ -- ืœืžื” ืฉืจืง ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื ื•, ืœื ื›ื›ื”?
12:16
All of us can have fun playing with toys,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื,
12:18
and we shouldn't be embarrassed about it.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื”.
12:20
You can blame me, it's fine.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื™, ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
12:22
So when it comes to reasons for studying physics, for example,
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ืื– ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
12:27
here is the best reason I can think of:
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘:
12:30
I think that each of us has three life-support systems.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช-ื—ื™ื™ื.
12:34
We've got our own body, we've got a planet
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ืœื›ืช
12:36
and we've got our civilization.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
12:38
Each of those is an independent life-support system,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืืœื• ื”ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื•ืžื›ืช-ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ืช,
12:41
keeping us alive in its own way.
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ืฉืฉื•ืžืจืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื”.
12:43
And they all run on the fundamental physical laws
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ื•ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื
12:46
that you can learn in the kitchen with eggs and teacups and lemonade,
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ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืขื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืชื” ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื ื“ื”,
12:50
and everything else you can play with.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืื™ืชื• ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง.
12:52
This is the reason, for example,
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
12:53
why something like climate change is such a serious problem,
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ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืžื•ืจื”,
12:56
because It's two of these life-support systems,
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช-ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
12:59
our planet and our civilization,
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ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืฆื–ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
13:00
kind of butting up against each other;
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ืฉืžืชื ืฉื•ืช ืื—ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืžืขื˜;
13:02
they're in conflict, and we need to negotiate that boundary.
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืื‘ืง, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
13:05
And the fundamental physical laws that we can learn
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ื•ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“
13:08
that are the way the world around us works,
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ืฉื”ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“,
13:10
are the tools at the basis of everything;
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ื”ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ;
13:13
they're the foundation.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช.
13:14
There's lots of things to know about in life,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
13:16
but knowing the foundations is going to get you a long way.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ื™ืงื— ืืชื›ื ืจื—ื•ืง.
13:19
And I think this, if you're not interested in having fun with physics
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื”, ืื ืืชื ืœื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”
13:23
or anything like that -- strange, but apparently, these people exist --
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ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” -- ืžื•ื–ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” --
13:27
you surely are interested in keeping yourself alive
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ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืืชื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
13:31
and in how our life-support systems work.
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ื•ื‘ืื™ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช-ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
13:33
The framework for physics is remarkably constant;
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ื›ื™ ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืคืœื™ื;
13:38
it's the same in lots and lots of things that we measure.
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ื”ื™ื ื–ื”ื” ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
13:40
It's not going to change anytime soon.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.
13:42
They might discover some new quantum mechanics,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื™ื’ืœื• ืื™ื–ื•ืฉื”ื™ ืžื›ื ื™ืงืช ืงื•ื•ืื ื˜ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื”,
13:44
but apples right here are still going to fall down.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”.
13:47
So, the question is --
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื --
13:49
I get asked sometimes: How do you start?
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ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื: ืื™ืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื?
13:52
What's the place to start
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ืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื•
13:53
if you're interested in the physical world, in not being helpless,
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ืื ืืชื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™, ื‘ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื™ ืื•ื ื™ื,
13:56
and in finding some toys to play with?
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ื•ื‘ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืžื” ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื?
13:58
Here is my suggestion to you:
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื:
14:00
the place to start is that moment -- and adults do this --
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ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื”ื•ื -- ื•ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” --
14:06
you're drifting along somewhere,
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ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื›ื ืื™ืคื”ืฉื”ื•,
14:08
and you spot something and your brain goes, "Oh, that's weird."
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ื•ืืชื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•, ื•ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื•ืœืš, "ื”ืžืž, ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ืจ."
14:11
And then your consciousness goes, "You're an adult. Keep going."
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ื•ืื– ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช, "ืืชื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ. ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช."
14:15
And that's the point -- hold that thought --
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข -- ืฉื™ืžืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช --
14:18
that bit where your brain went, "Oh, that's a bit odd,"
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ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ื”ืœืš, "ื”ืžืž.., ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืžื•ื–ืจ,"
14:21
because there's something there to play with,
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื•,
14:23
and it's worth you playing with it,
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื•,
14:24
so that's the place to start.
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ื›ื›ื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื•.
14:26
But if you don't have any of those little moments
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
14:28
on your way home from this event,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื” ืžื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื–ื”,
14:30
here are some things to start with.
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืื™ืชื.
14:31
Put raisins in [fizzy] lemonade; highly entertaining.
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืฆื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื ื“ื” ืชื•ืกืกืช; ืžืื“ ืžืฉืขืฉืข.
14:34
Watch a coffee spill dry.
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืื™ืš ืงืคื” ืฉื ืฉืคืš ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ.
14:36
I know that sounds a little bit like watching paint dry,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืื™ืš ืฆื‘ืข ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ,
14:38
but it does do quite weird things; it's worth watching.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื; ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
14:42
I'm an acquired taste at dinner parties if there are teacups around.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืืœื™ื™ ื‘ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืจื‘, ืื ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืชื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
14:46
There are so many things you can do to play with teacups, it's brilliant.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืชื”, ืฉื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ.
14:49
The most obvious one is to get a teacup, get a spoon,
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ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ืœืงื—ืช ื›ื•ืก ืชื”, ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืคื™ืช,
14:53
tap the teacup around the rim and listen,
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ื•ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืก ื”ืชื”, ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘,
14:55
and you will hear something strange.
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ื•ืืชื ืชืฉืžืขื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื”.
14:57
And the other thing is, push your toast off the table
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื, ื“ื—ืคื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืกื˜ ืฉืœื›ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ
15:00
because you can, and you'll learn stuff from it.
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ื›ื™ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืืชื ืชืœืžื“ื• ืžื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•.
15:03
And if you're feeling really ambitious,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื™ื,
15:05
try and push it off in such a way that it doesn't fall butter-side down,
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ื ืกื• ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืกื˜ ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื›ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืžืื”,
15:09
which is possible.
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ืฉื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™.
15:11
The point of all of this is that,
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื,
15:13
first of all, we should all play with toys.
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ืฉืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื.
15:15
We shouldn't be afraid to investigate the physical world for ourselves
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืœืคื—ื“ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•
15:19
with the tools around us,
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ืขื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•,
15:20
because we all have access to them.
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ื›ื™ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœื™ื”ื.
15:22
It matters, because if we want to understand society,
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”,
15:25
if we want to be good citizens,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
15:26
we need to understand the framework on which everything else must be based.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขืœื™ื” ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ืกืก.
15:31
Playing with toys is great.
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ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ.
15:32
Understanding how to keep our life-support systems going is great.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช-ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ.
15:35
But fundamentally, the thing that we need to change
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช
15:38
in the way that we talk about physics,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”,
15:40
is we need to understand
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ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
15:41
that physics isn't out there with weird people
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ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืฉื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื
15:43
and strange hieroglyphics
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ื•ืขื ื›ืชื‘ ื—ืจื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจ
15:45
for somebody else in a posh lab.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช.
15:46
Physics is right here; it's for us, and we can all play with it.
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ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ; ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื”.
15:49
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
15:51
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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