The fascinating physics of everyday life | Helen Czerski

Prevoditelj: Lidija Funtek Recezent: Sanda L

As you heard, I'm a physicist.

Kao što ste čuli, ja sam fizičarka.

And I think the way we talk about physics needs a little modification.

I mislim da moramo malo promijeniti način na koji govorimo o fizici.

I am from just down the road here; I don't live here anymore.

Nekad sam živjela ovdje, više ne živim.

But coming from round here means that I have a northern nana,

No, to znači da ovdje na sjeveru imam baku

my mum's mom.

s mamine strane.

And Nana is very bright; she hasn't had much formal education,

I baka je jako pametna; nije veoma obrazovana,

but she's sharp.

ali je bistra.

And when I was a second-year undergraduate studying physics at Cambridge,

Kada sam bila na drugoj godini faksa, studirala sam fiziku na Cambridgeu,

I remember spending an afternoon at Nana's house in Urmston

sjećam se da sam jedno popodne kod bake u Urmstonu

studying quantum mechanics.

učila kvantnu mehaniku.

And I had these folders open in front of me

I ispred mene su bili fascikli

with this, you know, hieroglyphics -- let's be honest.

s hijeroglifima, budimo iskreni.

And Nana came along, and she looked at this folder,

Baka je došla do mene, pogledala te fascikle

and she said, "What's that?"

i pitala "Što je to?"

I said, "It's quantum mechanics, Nana."

Rekla sam, "Kvantna mehanika, bako."

And I tried to explain something about what was on the page.

I pokušala sam joj objasniti ono što je pisalo na trenutnoj stranici.

It was to do with the nucleus and Einstein A and B coefficients.

Radilo se o jezgri i Einsteinovim A i B koeficijentima.

And Nana looked very impressed.

Baka je izgledala impresionirano.

And then she said, "Oh.

Onda je rekla "Oh.

What can you do when you know that?"

I što možeš napraviti kada to znaš?"

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

"Don't know, ma'am."

"Ne znam, bako."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I think I said something about computers,

Mislim da sam rekla nešto o računalima

because it was all I could think of at the time.

jer sam se jedino toga mogla tada sjetiti.

But you can broaden that question out, because it's a very good question --

Ali to pitanje možete proširiti jer je to jako dobro pitanje -

"What can you do when you know that?" when "that" is physics?

"Što možete učiniti kada to znate?", a "to" je fizika?

And I've come to realize that when we talk about physics in society

Shvatila sam da kada u društvu govorimo o fizici

and our sort of image of it,

i našem poimanju fizike,

we don't include the things that we can do when we know that.

ne govorimo o stvarima koje možemo kada znamo fiziku.

Our perception of what physics is needs a bit of a shift.

Naše shvaćanje fizike treba se malo promijeniti.

Not only does it need a bit of a shift,

Ne samo da se treba promijeniti,

but sharing this different perspective matters for our society,

već je važno i podijeliti s drugima ovaj drugačiji pogled,

and I'm not just saying that because I'm a physicist and I'm biased

a to ne kažem samo zato jer sam fizičarka

and I think we're the most important people in the world.

i što smatram da smo najvažniji ljudi na svijetu.

Iskreno.

Honest.

Dakle, ta slika fizike koju imamo - priznajmo, imamo problem s predodžbom -

So, the image of physics -- we've got an image problem, let's be honest --

it hasn't moved on much from this.

nije se mnogo promijenila od ovoga.

This is a very famous photograph that's from the Solvay Conference in 1927.

Ovo je veoma poznata fotografija sa Solvayeve konferencije 1927.g.

This is when the great minds of physics were grappling

Tada su se najbolji fizičari borili

with the nature of determinism

s prirodom determinizma

and what it means only to have a probability

i što to znači imati samo vjerojatnost

that a particle might be somewhere,

da se čestica negdje nalazi

and whether any of it was real.

i je li išta tu stvarno.

And it was all very difficult.

I bilo je jako teško.

Primijetit ćete da su to sve ozbiljni muškarci u odjelima.

And you'll notice they're all very stern-looking men in suits.

Marie Curie -- I keep maybe saying, "Marie Antoinette,"

Marie Curie - zamalo sam rekla Marie Antoinette,

which would be a turn-up for the books --

što bi uvelike promijenilo udžbenike -

Marie Curie, third from the left on the bottom there,

Marie Curie, treća dolje s lijeve strane,

she was allowed in, but had to dress like everybody else.

smjela je ući, ali se morala obući kao i svi ostali.

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

Dakle, tako fizika izgleda - ima svakakvih hijeroglifa,

So, this is what physics is like -- there's all these kinds of hieroglyphics,

these are to do with waves and particles.

ovi su vezani uz valove i čestice.

That is an artist's impression of two black holes colliding,

Ovo je umjetnički prikaz sudara dviju crnih rupa

which makes it look worth watching, to be honest.

koji, iskreno, to čini puno zanimljivijim.

I'm glad I didn't have to write the risk assessment

Dobro da nisam za to radila procjenu rizika,

štogod tamo bilo.

for whatever was going on there.

Uglavnom, ovo je slika fizike, zar ne?

The point is: this is the image of physics, right?

Čudna je i teška,

njome se bave čudni ljudi koji su čudno obučeni.

It's weird and difficult,

done by slightly strange people dressed in a slightly strange way.

Nedostupna je, nalazi se negdje drugdje

It's inaccessible, it's somewhere else

i, u osnovi, zašto bi me bilo briga?

and fundamentally, why should I care?

And the problem with that is that I'm a physicist,

No, problem je što sam ja fizičarka

and I study this.

i proučavam to.

This -- this is my job, right?

To je moj posao, zar ne?

I study the interface between the atmosphere and the ocean.

Proučavam vezu između atmosfere i oceana.

The atmosphere is massive, the ocean is massive,

Atmosfera je ogromna, ocean je ogroman,

a tanki sloj koji ih spaja

and the thin layer that joins them together

je veoma važan

is really important,

jer tako stvari prelaze iz jednog velikog rezervoara u drugi.

because that's where things go from one huge reservoir to the other.

You can see that the sea surface -- that was me who took this video --

Vidite da površina mora - ja sam snimila taj video -

the average height of those waves by the way, was 10 meters.

prosječna visina tih valova bila je 10 m.

So this is definitely physics happening here --

Dakle, ovo je definitivno fizika na djelu -

there's lots of things -- this is definitely physics.

ima jako puno stvari - to je sigurno fizika.

And yet it's not included in our cultural perception of physics,

No, svejedno nije dio našeg shvaćanja fizike

and that bothers me.

i to me smeta.

So what is included in our cultural perception of physics?

No, što jest uključeno u naše shvaćanje fizike?

Because I'm a physicist, there has to be a graph, right?

Budući da sam fizičarka, mora postojati graf, zar ne?

That's allowed.

To je dozvoljeno.

We've got time along the bottom here, from very fast things there,

Ovdje dolje imamo vrijeme vezano za stvari koje se događaju jako brzo

to things that take a long time over here.

do stvari kojima treba puno vremena.

Small things at the bottom, big things up there.

Male stvari na dnu, velike stvari na vrhu.

So, our current cultural image of physics looks like this.

Dakle, tako izgleda naše trenutno shvaćanje fizike.

There's quantum mechanics down in that corner,

Dolje u kutu je kvantna mehanika,

it's very small, it's very weird,

veoma je mala, veoma čudna,

it happens very quickly,

odvija se jako brzo

and it's a long way down in the general ...

i nalazi se skroz dolje na ljestvici stvari

on the scale of anything that matters for everyday life.

koje su bitne u svakodnevnom životu.

And then there's cosmology, which is up there;

Zatim je tu kozmologija, koja se nalazi tamo gore;

very large, very far away,

veoma velika, jako daleko,

also very weird.

isto jako čudna.

And if you go to some places

I ako odete nekamo,

like black holes in the beginning of the universe,

poput crnih rupa u počecima svemira,

we know that these are frontiers in physics, right?

znamo da su to granice fizike, zar ne?

There's lots of work being done to discover new physics

Jako puno se radi na tome da se u tim mjestima

in these places.

otkrije nova fizika.

But the thing is, you will notice there's a very large gap in the middle.

No, primijetit ćete da se u sredini nalazi velika rupa.

And in that gap, there are many things.

A u toj rupi nalazi se mnogo toga.

There are planets and toasts and volcanoes and clouds

Nalaze se planeti, tost, vulkani i oblaci,

and clarinets and bubbles and dolphins

klarineti, mjehurići i dupini

and all sorts of things that make up our everyday life.

te sve stvari koje izgrađuju naš svakodnevni život.

And these are also run by physics, you'd be surprised --

A njih isto pokreće fizika, iznenadili biste se -

there is physics in the middle, it's just that nobody talks about it.

u sredini je fizika, ali nitko o tome ne govori.

And the thing about all of these is that they all run

Bitno kod tih stvari je da su sve podložne

on a relatively small number of physical laws,

relativno malom broju zakona fizike,

things like Newton's laws of motion,

poput Newtonovih zakona kretanja,

thermodynamics,

termodinamike

some rotational dynamics.

i nešto malo dinamike vrtnje.

The physics in the middle applies over a huge range,

Fizika u sredini primjenjuje se na mnogo toga,

from very, very small things to very, very big things.

od veoma malih do veoma velikih stvari.

Morate se jako potruditi da izađete iz ovoga.

You have to try very hard to get outside of this.

And there is also a frontier in research physics here,

Postoji i granica u istraživačkoj fizici,

it's just that nobody talks about it.

samo što nitko ne govori o tome.

To je svijet kompleksnog.

This is the world of the complex.

When these laws work together, they bring about

Kada ovi zakoni rade zajedno, stvaraju

the beautiful, messy, complex world we live in.

ovaj lijepi, zbrkani, složeni svijet u kojem živimo.

Fundamentally, this is the bit that really matters to me

U osnovi, to je dio koji je meni jako važan

on an everyday basis.

u svakodnevnom životu.

And this is the bit that we don't talk about.

I to je dio o kojem ne govorimo.

There's plenty of physics research going on here.

Ovdje se odvija mnogo fizičkih istraživanja.

Ali zato jer ne uključuje gledanje u zvijezde,

But because it doesn't involve pointing at stars,

people for some reason think it's not that.

ljudi iz nekog razloga misle da to nije to.

Now, the cool thing about this is that there are so many things

Ono što je super kod ovoga je da postoji jako puno stvari

in this middle bit,

u ovom srednjem dijelu

all following the same physical laws,

koje prate iste zakone fizike,

that we can see those laws at work

tako da te zakone možemo vidjeti na djelu

almost all the time around us.

gotovo stalno oko nas.

I've got a little video here.

Imam kratak video.

Dakle, jedno od ovih jaja je sirovo, a jedno je kuhano.

So the game is, one of these eggs is raw and one of them has been boiled.

I want you to tell me which one is which.

Želim da mi kažete koje je koje.

Which one's raw?

Koje je sirovo?

(Audience responds)

(Publika odgovara)

The one on the left -- yes!

Ovo na lijevo - da!

And even though you might not have tried that, you all knew.

Iako ga niste probali, znali ste.

The reason for that is, you set them spinning,

Razlog tome je što ste ih zavrtjeli

and when you stop the cooked egg, the one that's completely solid,

i kada zaustavite kuhano jaje, ono koje je potpuno tvrdo,

you stop the entire egg.

zaustavljate cijelo jaje.

When you stop the other one, you only stop the shell;

Kada zaustavite drugo jaje, zaustavite samo ljusku;

the liquid inside is still rotating because nothing's made it stop.

tekućina iznutra se još okreće zato jer je ništa nije zaustavilo.

And then it pushes the shell round again, so the egg starts to rotate again.

To pokreće ljusku i jaje se opet počinje okretati.

This is brilliant, right?

Sjajno, zar ne?

It's a demonstration of something in physics

To je prikaz nečega što u fizici

that we call the law of conservation of angular momentum,

zovemo zakon očuvanja kutne količine gibanja,

which basically says that if you set something spinning

koji kaže da ako nešto zavrtite

about a fixed axis,

oko fiksne osi,

that it will keep spinning unless you do something to stop it.

nastavit će se vrtjeti tako dugo dok to ne zaustavite.

And that's really fundamental in how the universe works.

A to je osnovni princip na kojem funkcionira svemir.

And it's not just eggs that it applies to,

I ne odnosi se samo na jaja,

although it's really useful if you're the sort of person --

iako je jako korisno ako to volite -

and apparently, these people do exist --

a takvi ljudi navodno postoje -

who will boil eggs and then put them back in the fridge.

koji skuhaju jaja i onda ih vrate u hladnjak.

Tko to radi? Ne morate priznati, u redu je. Nećemo vas osuđivati.

Who does that? Don't admit to it -- it's OK. We won't judge you.

But it's also got much broader applicabilities.

No, ima i puno širu namjenu.

This is the Hubble Space Telescope.

Ovo je svemirski teleskop Hubble.

The Hubble Ultra Deep Field, which is a very tiny part of the sky.

Hubbleovo ultra-duboko polje, jedan jako mali dio neba.

Hubble has been floating in free space for 25 years,

Hubble pluta svemirom već 25 godina,

not touching anything.

ne dodirujući išta.

And yet it can point to a tiny region of sky.

a svejedno može prikazati i najmanji dio neba.

For 11 and a half days, it did it in sections,

Radio je to 11 i pol dana

accurately enough to take amazing images like this.

dovoljno točno kako bi nastale ove nevjerojatne slike.

So the question is:

Pitanje je:

How does something that is not touching anything

Kako nešto što ništa ne dodiruje

know where it is?

zna gdje se nalazi?

The answer is that right in the middle of it, it has something

Odgovor se nalazi u sredini i,

na moju veliku žalost, nema veze sa sirovim jajem,

that, to my great disappointment, isn't a raw egg,

but basically does the same job.

ali ima, otprilike, istu ulogu.

It's got gyroscopes which are spinning,

Ima žiroskope koji se vrte

and because of the law of conservation of angular momentum,

i zbog zakona o očuvanju kutne količine gibanja,

they keep spinning with the same axis, indefinitely.

stalno se vrte oko iste osi.

Hubble kind of rotates around them, and so it can orient itself.

Hubble se, u neku ruku, okreće oko njih i tako se orijentira.

So the same little physical law we can play with in the kitchen and use,

Dakle, isti zakon kojim se igramo i koristimo ga u kuhinji,

also explains what makes possible some of the most advanced technology

objašnjava zašto je moguće da imamo neke od najnaprednijih tehnologija

of our time.

današnjice.

So this is the fun bit of physics, that you learn these patterns

To je zabavni dio fizike gdje naučite te obrasce

and then you can apply them again and again and again.

i možete ih primjenjivati uvijek ispočetka.

I stvarno je dobar osjećaj kada ih uočite negdje drugdje.

And it's really rewarding when you spot them in new places.

This is the fun of physics.

To je zabavna strana fizike.

I have shown that egg video to an audience full of businesspeople once

Pokazala sam ovaj video o jajima publici u kojoj su bili sve neki poslovni ljudi

and they were all dressed up very smartly and trying to impress their bosses.

i svi su bili lijepo obučeni i pokušavali impresionirati svoje šefove.

And I was running out of time, so I showed the egg video and then said,

Ponestajalo mi je vremena pa sam pokazala taj video i rekla

"Well, you can work it out, and ask me afterwards to check."

"Možete sami zaključiti i poslije me pitati da provjerite."

Then I left the stage.

Zatim sam otišla.

And I had, literally,

I doslovno,

middle-aged grown men tugging on my sleeve afterwards,

srednjovječni muškarci poslije su me vukli za rukav

i pitali "Je li ovo? Je li ovo?"

saying, "Is it this? Is it this?"

I kad sam rekla "Da" oni su rekli "To!"

And when I said, "Yes." They went, "Yes!"

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

Radost koju osjetite kada uočite takve obrasce

The joy that you get from spotting these patterns

doesn't go away when you're an adult.

postoji i kada ste odrasli.

And that's really important,

I to je jako važno

because physics is all about patterns,

jer se u fizici radi o obrascima,

and a small number of patterns give you access

a mali dio tih obrazaca daje vam pristup

to almost all of the physics in our everyday world.

gotovo cijeloj fizici u našem svakodnevnom svijetu.

The thing that's best about this is it involves playing with toys.

Ono što je najbolje od svega je da uključuje i igranje igračkama.

Things like the egg shouldn't be dismissed as the mundane little things

Stvari poput jaja ne bi trebalo odbaciti kao nešto uobičajeno

that we just give the kids to play with on a Saturday afternoon

što dajemo djeci da se igraju

kako bi bila tiha.

to keep them quiet.

To su stvari koje su stvarno bitne

This is the stuff that actually really matters,

because this is the laws of the universe and it applies to eggs

jer to su zakoni svemira i primjenjuju se na jaja,

and toast falling butter-side down and all sorts of other things,

tost koji pada na premazanu stranu i na mnogo drugih stvari,

isto kako se primjenjuju na modernu tehnologiju

just as much as it applies to modern technology

and anything else that's going on in the world.

i sve ostalo što se događa u svijetu.

So I think we should play with these patterns.

Zato mislim da bismo se trebali igrati tim obrascima.

Basically, there are a small number of concepts

Zapravo, postoji mali broj načela

that you can become familiar with using things in your kitchen,

koje možete spoznati koristeći stvari koje imate u kuhinji,

that are really useful for life in the outside world.

a koja su stvarno korisna za život u vanjskom svijetu.

If you want to learn about thermodynamics, a duck is a good place to start,

Ako želite naučiti nešto o termodinamici, dobro je početi od patke,

for example, why their feet don't get cold.

recimo, zašto im noge nikada nisu hladne.

Once you've got a bit of thermodynamics with the duck,

Kad shvatite termodinamiku patke,

you can also explain fridges.

razumijet ćete i hladnjake.

Magnets that you can play with in your kitchen

Magneti kojima se igrate u kuhinji

get you to wind turbines and modern energy generation.

vode vas do vjetrenjača i modernog stvaranja energije.

Raisins in [fizzy] lemonade, which is always a good thing to play with.

Grožđice u limunadi, uvijek je zgodno igrati se njima.

Ako vam je dosadno na zabavi, izvadite grožđice iz kolača

If you're at a boring party, fish some raisins out of the bar snacks,

put them in some lemonade.

i stavite ih u limunadu.

It's got three consequences.

To ima tri posljedice.

First thing is, it's quite good to watch; try it.

Prvo, zabavno je gledati, probajte.

Secondly, it sends the boring people away.

Drugo, tjera dosadne ljude od vas.

Thirdly, it brings the interesting people to you.

Treće, privlači zanimljive ljude k vama.

You win on all fronts.

Nema loših strana.

And then there's spin and gas laws and viscosity.

A tu su i zakoni vrtnje, zakoni plinova i viskoznost.

There's these little patterns, and they're right around us everywhere.

Postoje ti mali obrasci i nalaze se svugdje oko nas.

And it's fundamentally democratic, right?

I u osnovi je to sve demokratski, zar ne?

Everybody has access to the same physics; you don't need a big, posh lab.

Svi imaju pristup istoj fizici, ne treba vam za to veliki laboratorij.

When I wrote the book, I had the chapter on spin.

Kada sam pisala knjigu, imala sam poglavlje o vrtnji.

I had written a bit about toast falling butter-side down.

Pisala sam i o tostu koji pada na premazanu stranu.

I gave the chapter to a friend of mine who's not a scientist,

Dala sam poglavlje svom prijatelju, koji nije znanstvenik,

for him to read and tell me what he thought,

da ga pročita i kaže mi što misli

and he took the chapter away.

i on ga je uzeo.

He was working overseas.

Radio je u inozemstvu.

I got this text message back from him a couple of weeks later,

Nekoliko tjedana kasnije dobila sam njegovu poruku

and it said, "I'm at breakfast in a posh hotel in Switzerland,

i pisalo je "Doručkujem u otmjenom hotelu u Švicarskoj

and I really want to push toast off the table,

i stvarno želim gurnuti tost sa stola

because I don't believe what you wrote."

jer ne vjerujem onome što si napisala."

And that was the good bit -- he doesn't have to.

I to je dobro - ne mora vjerovati.

He can push the toast off the table and try it for himself.

Može gurnuti tost sa stola i sam isprobati.

And so there's two important things to know about science:

Dakle, postoje dvije važne stvari koje treba znati o znanosti:

the fundamental laws we've learned through experience and experimentation,

osnovni zakoni koje smo naučili kroz iskustvo i eksperimente

work.

funkcioniraju.

The day we drop an apple and it goes up,

Ako bacimo jabuku i ona ode prema gore,

then we'll have a debate about gravity.

tada ćemo razmotriti zakon gravitacije.

Up to that point, we basically know how gravity works,

Do tada znamo kako gravitacija djeluje

and we can learn the framework.

i možemo naučiti ono glavno.

Then there's the process of experimentation:

Tu je i proces eksperimentiranja:

imati povjerenje u stvari, isprobavati ih,

having confidence in things, trying things out,

critical thinking -- how we move science forward --

kritičko razmišljanje - kako razvijamo znanost -

and you can learn both of those things

sve to možete naučiti

by playing with toys in the everyday world.

igrajući se igračkama svakodnevno.

And it's really important,

I to je jako važno

because there's all this talk about technology,

jer se stalno priča o tehnologiji,

we've heard talks about quantum computing

kvantnom računanju

and all these mysterious, far-off things.

i svim tim tajanstvenim, dalekim stvarima.

But fundamentally, we still live in bodies that are about this size,

No, u osnovi još uvijek živimo u tijelima koja su otprilike ove veličine,

we still walk about, sit on chairs that are about this size,

još uvijek hodamo, sjedimo na ovakvim stolcima,

we still live in the physical world.

još uvijek živimo u fizičkom svijetu.

And being familiar with these concepts means we're not helpless.

Ako smo upoznati sa svime time, znači da nismo bespomoćni.

And I think it's really important that we're not helpless,

Mislim da je jako važno da nismo bespomoćni,

that society feels it can look at things,

da društvo osjeća da može promatrati stvari,

because this isn't about knowing all the answers.

jer tu se ne radi o poznavanju svih odgovora.

It's about having the framework so you can ask the right questions.

Radi se o tome da poznajete osnove kako bi postavljali prava pitanja.

And by playing with these fundamental little things in everyday life,

Igrajući se tim osnovnim malim stvarima u svakodnevnom životu,

we gain the confidence to ask the right questions.

stječemo pouzdanje da postavimo prava pitanja.

So, there's a bigger thing.

Dakle, ima tu nešto više.

In answer to Nana's question

Odgovor na bakino pitanje,

about what can you do when you know that --

što možeš kada znaš sve to,

because there's lots of stuff in the everyday world

jer mnogo je toga u svakodnevnom životu

that you can do when you know that,

koje možete učiniti ako to znate,

pogotovo ako imate jaja u hladnjaku -

especially if you've got eggs in the fridge --

there's a much deeper answer.

zapravo postoji mnogo dublji odgovor.

And so there's all the fun and the curiosity

Tu je i zabava i znatiželja

that you could have playing with toys.

koja dolazi kroz igru sa svime time.

By the way -- why should kids have all the fun, right?

A i zašto bi se samo djeca zabavljala, zar ne?

All of us can have fun playing with toys,

Svi se možemo igrati igračkama

and we shouldn't be embarrassed about it.

i ne bismo se trebali toga sramiti.

Slobodno možete okriviti mene.

You can blame me, it's fine.

So when it comes to reasons for studying physics, for example,

Kada govorimo o razlozima zašto učiti fiziku, primjerice,

here is the best reason I can think of:

ovo je najbolji razlog kojeg imam:

I think that each of us has three life-support systems.

mislim da svatko od nas ima tri sustava za održavanje života.

We've got our own body, we've got a planet

Imamo svoje tijelo, planet

and we've got our civilization.

i našu civilizaciju.

Each of those is an independent life-support system,

Svaki od tih sustava je neovisan

keeping us alive in its own way.

i na svoj način nas održava na životu.

And they all run on the fundamental physical laws

Svi rade na principu osnovnih zakona fizike

that you can learn in the kitchen with eggs and teacups and lemonade,

koje možete naučiti u kuhinji pomoću jaja, šalica i limunade

te svega čime se možete igrati.

and everything else you can play with.

To je razlog

This is the reason, for example,

why something like climate change is such a serious problem,

zašto su klimatske promjene tako ozbiljan problem

because It's two of these life-support systems,

jer su dva sustava za održavanje života,

our planet and our civilization,

naš planet i civilizacija,

kind of butting up against each other;

u nekom sukobu,

they're in conflict, and we need to negotiate that boundary.

bore se i mi moramo odrediti granice.

And the fundamental physical laws that we can learn

A osnovni zakoni fizike koje možemo naučiti,

that are the way the world around us works,

koji su način na koji svijet funkcionira,

are the tools at the basis of everything;

nalaze se u osnovi svega:

they're the foundation.

oni su temelj.

There's lots of things to know about in life,

Mnogo je stvari u životu koje treba znati,

but knowing the foundations is going to get you a long way.

ali ako znate temelje, daleko ćete dogurati.

A mislim da čak i ako se ne želite zabavljati fizikom

And I think this, if you're not interested in having fun with physics

or anything like that -- strange, but apparently, these people exist --

ili nečim sličnim - čudno, ali takvi ljudi navodno postoje -

you surely are interested in keeping yourself alive

sigurno će vas zanimati kako da ostanete živi

and in how our life-support systems work.

i kako rade sustavi za održavanje života.

The framework for physics is remarkably constant;

Osnove fizike su nevjerojatno postojane;

it's the same in lots and lots of things that we measure.

jednako vrijede za mnogo stvari koje mjerimo.

It's not going to change anytime soon.

I to se neće tako skoro promijeniti.

They might discover some new quantum mechanics,

Možda otkriju neku novu kvantnu mehaniku,

but apples right here are still going to fall down.

ali jabuke će i dalje padati prema dolje.

So, the question is --

Dakle, pitanje je -

I get asked sometimes: How do you start?

nekad me pitaju: Kako početi?

What's the place to start

Gdje početi

if you're interested in the physical world, in not being helpless,

ako vas zanima fizički svijet, ako ne želite biti bespomoćni

and in finding some toys to play with?

i kako pronaći igračke za igru?

Here is my suggestion to you:

Ovo je moj prijedlog vama:

the place to start is that moment -- and adults do this --

počnite onog trenutka kada - odrasli to isto rade -

you're drifting along somewhere,

negdje lutate,

and you spot something and your brain goes, "Oh, that's weird."

primijetite nešto i vaš mozak kaže, "Hm, to je baš čudno."

And then your consciousness goes, "You're an adult. Keep going."

Zatim vaša svijest kaže, "Odrasla si osoba. Idi dalje."

And that's the point -- hold that thought --

U tom trenutku - zadržite tu misao -

that bit where your brain went, "Oh, that's a bit odd,"

onda kada je vaš mozak rekao "Hm, to je baš čudno,"

jer to je nešto čime se možete igrati

because there's something there to play with,

i čime se vrijedi igrati.

and it's worth you playing with it,

Tako se počinje.

so that's the place to start.

No, ako vam se to ne dogodi

But if you don't have any of those little moments

on your way home from this event,

kada odavde krenete kući,

here are some things to start with.

evo par načina kako početi.

Put raisins in [fizzy] lemonade; highly entertaining.

Stavite grožđice u limunadu, jako je zabavno.

Watch a coffee spill dry.

Gledajte prolivenu kavu kako se suši.

I know that sounds a little bit like watching paint dry,

Znam da je to kao da gledate sliku kako se suši,

but it does do quite weird things; it's worth watching.

ali stvarno se događaju čudne stvari, vrijedi pogledati.

I'm an acquired taste at dinner parties if there are teacups around.

Ja sam malo čudna na večerama ako su u blizini šalice za čaj.

There are so many things you can do to play with teacups, it's brilliant.

Genijalno je na koliko se načina možete igrati šalicama za čaj.

The most obvious one is to get a teacup, get a spoon,

Najočitiji je onaj da uzmete šalicu, žličicu,

tap the teacup around the rim and listen,

dodirujete rub šalice i slušate.

and you will hear something strange.

Čut ćete nešto čudno.

And the other thing is, push your toast off the table

S druge strane, gurnite tost sa stola

because you can, and you'll learn stuff from it.

zato jer možete i naučit ćete nešto iz toga.

And if you're feeling really ambitious,

A ako se osjećate zaista ambiciozno,

try and push it off in such a way that it doesn't fall butter-side down,

pokušajte gurnuti tost tako da ne padne na premazanu stranu,

which is possible.

što je isto moguće.

The point of all of this is that,

Zaključak svega ovoga je,

first of all, we should all play with toys.

prvo, svi bismo se trebali igrati igračkama.

We shouldn't be afraid to investigate the physical world for ourselves

Ne bismo se trebali bojati sami istražiti fizički svijet

with the tools around us,

pomoću alata oko nas,

because we all have access to them.

jer svima su nam dostupni.

It matters, because if we want to understand society,

To je važno jer ako želimo razumjeti društvo,

if we want to be good citizens,

ako želimo biti dobri građani,

we need to understand the framework on which everything else must be based.

moramo razumjeti princip na kojem se sve mora temeljiti.

Playing with toys is great.

Igranje igračkama je super.

Understanding how to keep our life-support systems going is great.

Razumjeti kako održati naše sustave za preživljavanje je super.

But fundamentally, the thing that we need to change

Ali ono osnovno što moramo promijeniti

u načinu na koji govorimo o fizici,

in the way that we talk about physics,

is we need to understand

je da moramo razumjeti

that physics isn't out there with weird people

da fizika nije za nekog drugog

and strange hieroglyphics

u modernom laboratoriju gdje su

for somebody else in a posh lab.

čudni hijeroglifi i čudni ljudi.

Physics is right here; it's for us, and we can all play with it.

Fizika je ovdje, za nas i svi se možemo igrati njome.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam puno!

(Applause)

(Pljesak)