The risky politics of progress | Jonathan Tepperman

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

The conventional wisdom about our world today

Konvencionalna mudrost o našem svetu danas

is that this is a time of terrible decline.

je da je ovo vreme užasnog propadanja.

And that's not surprising, given the bad news all around us,

To ne iznenađuje, s obzirom na sve loše vesti oko nas,

from ISIS to inequality,

od Islamske države do nejednakosti,

political dysfunction, climate change,

političke disfunkcionalnosti, klimatskih promena,

Brexit, and on and on.

Bregzita i tako dalje.

But here's the thing, and this may sound a little weird.

Međutim, znate šta, a ovo može zvučati pomalo čudno.

I actually don't buy this gloomy narrative,

Ja se zapravo ne slažem sa ovom sumornom pričom,

and I don't think you should either.

a mislim da ni vi ne bi trebalo.

Look, it's not that I don't see the problems.

Vidite, nije da ne vidim probleme.

I read the same headlines that you do.

Čitam iste naslove kao i vi.

What I dispute is the conclusion that so many people draw from them,

Ono što osporavam jeste zaključak koji toliko ljudi izvlači iz njih,

namely that we're all screwed

naime, da smo svi gotovi

because the problems are unsolvable

jer su problemi nerešivi

and our governments are useless.

i naše vlade su beskorisne.

Now, why do I say this?

Zašto to kažem?

It's not like I'm particularly optimistic by nature.

Ne može se reći da sam naročito optimističan po prirodi.

But something about the media's constant doom-mongering

Međutim, nešto vezano za stalno medijsko raspirivanje propasti

with its fixation on problems and not on answers

sa svojom fiksiranošću na problemima, a ne na odgovorima,

has always really bugged me.

oduvek mi je zaista smetalo.

So a few years ago I decided,

Tako sam pre nekoliko godina odlučio:

well, I'm a journalist,

„Pa, ja sam novinar.

I should see if I can do any better

Treba da vidim umem li bolje

by going around the world and actually asking folks

tako što ću ići po svetu i zapravo pitati ljude

if and how they've tackled

da li su se i kako bavili

their big economic and political challenges.

svojim velikim ekonomskim i političkim izazovima.

And what I found astonished me.

Ono što sam otkrio me je zapanjilo.

It turns out that there are remarkable signs of progress out there,

Ispostavilo se da postoje izuzetni znaci napretka,

often in the most unexpected places,

često na najneočekivanijim mestima,

and they've convinced me that our great global challenges

i ubedili su me da naši veliki globalni izazovi

may not be so unsolvable after all.

možda ipak nisu tako nerešivi.

Not only are there theoretical fixes;

Ne samo da postoje teoretska rešenja,

those fixes have been tried.

već su ona i isprobana.

They've worked.

Uspela su

And they offer hope for the rest of us.

i nude nadu za nas ostale.

I'm going to show you what I mean

Pokazaću vam šta pod tim mislim tako što ću vam ispričati

by telling you about how three of the countries I visited --

o tome kako su tri zemlje koje sam posetio -

Canada, Indonesia and Mexico --

Kanada, Indonezija i Meksiko -

overcame three supposedly impossible problems.

prebrodile tri navodno nemoguća problema.

Their stories matter because they contain tools the rest of us can use,

Njihove priče su značajne jer sadrže sredstva koje ostatak nas može koristiti,

and not just for those particular problems,

i to ne samo za te određene probleme,

but for many others, too.

već i za mnogo drugih.

When most people think about my homeland, Canada, today,

Kada većina ljudi danas pomisli na moju domovinu, današnju Kanadu,

if they think about Canada at all,

ako uopšte pomišljaju na Kanadu,

they think cold, they think boring, they think polite.

pomisle: hladno, dosadno, učtivo.

They think we say "sorry" too much in our funny accents.

Misle da previše govorimo „izvinite“ našim smešnim naglaskom.

And that's all true.

To je sve tačno.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Sorry.

Izvinite.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But Canada's also important

Međutim, Kanada je takođe važna

because of its triumph over a problem

zbog svoje pobede nad problemom

currently tearing many other countries apart:

koji trenutno razara mnoge druge zemlje,

immigration.

imigracijom.

Consider, Canada today is among the world's most welcoming nations,

Uzmite u obzir da je Kanada danas među najgostoljubivijim nacijama sveta,

even compared to other immigration-friendly countries.

čak i u poređenju sa drugim zemljama prijateljski naklonjenih imigraciji.

Its per capita immigration rate is four times higher than France's,

Njena stopa imigracije po glavi stanovnika je četiri puta veća od stope Francuske,

and its percentage of foreign-born residents

a njen procenat stanovnika rođenih u inostranstvu

is double that of Sweden.

je dvostruko veći od tog procenta u Švedskoj.

Meanwhile, Canada admitted

U međuvremenu, Kanada je primila

10 times more Syrian refugees in the last year

deset puta više sirijskih izbeglica tokom prošle godine

than did the United States.

nego Sjedinjene Države.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And now Canada is taking even more.

A sada ih Kanada još više prihvata.

And yet, if you ask Canadians

Ipak, ako upitate Kanađane

what makes them proudest of their country,

šta ih najviše čini ponosnim na svoju zemlju,

they rank "multiculturalism,"

rangiraju „multikulturalizam“,

a dirty word in most places,

što je okaljana reč na većini mesta,

second,

na drugom mestu,

ahead of hockey.

ispred hokeja.

Hockey.

Hokej.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

In other words, at a time when other countries

Drugim rečima, u vreme kada druge zemlje

are now frantically building new barriers to keep foreigners out,

sada mahnito grade nove barijere da bi zadržale strance podalje,

Canadians want even more of them in.

Kanađani žele još više njih.

Now, here's the really interesting part.

Evo zaista zanimljivog dela.

Canada wasn't always like this.

Kanada nije uvek bila takva.

Until the mid-1960s, Canada followed an explicitly racist immigration policy.

Do sredine 1960-ih, Kanada je sledila otvoreno rasističku imigracionu politiku.

They called it "White Canada,"

Zvali su je „Bela Kanada“,

and as you can see, they were not just talking about the snow.

a kao što možete videti, nisu samo govorili o snegu.

So how did that Canada become today's Canada?

Dakle, kako je ta Kanada postala današnja Kanada?

Well, despite what my mom in Ontario will tell you,

Pa, uprkos ono što će vam reći moja mama u Ontariju,

the answer had nothing to do with virtue.

odgovor nema nikakve veze sa vrlinom.

Canadians are not inherently better than anyone else.

Kanađani nisu prirodno bolji ni od koga drugog.

The real explanation involves the man who became Canada's leader in 1968,

Pravo objašnjenje obuhvata čoveka koji je postao kanadski vođa 1968. godine,

Pierre Trudeau, who is also the father of the current prime minister.

Pjera Trudoa, koji je takođe otac sadašnjeg premijera.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

The thing to know about that first Trudeau

Ono što treba znati o tom prvom Trudou

je da je bio veoma drugačiji u odnosu na prethodne vođe Kanade.

is that he was very different from Canada's previous leaders.

He was a French speaker in a country long-dominated by its English elite.

Govorio je francuskim jezikom u zemlji kojom je dugo dominirala engleska elita.

He was an intellectual.

Bio je intelektualac.

He was even kind of groovy.

Nekako je bio strava.

I mean, seriously, the guy did yoga.

Mislim, ozbiljno, tip je vežbao jogu.

He hung out with the Beatles.

Družio se sa Bitlsima.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And like all hipsters, he could be infuriating at times.

Kao i svi hipsteri, umeo je da povremeno razbesni druge.

But he nevertheless pulled off

Međutim, i pored toga mu je uspeo

one of the most progressive transformations any country has ever seen.

jedan od najnaprednijih preobražaja koji je bilo koja zemlja ikada videla.

His formula, I've learned, involved two parts.

Njegova formula je, kako sam saznao, obuhvatala dva dela.

First, Canada threw out its old race-based immigration rules,

Najpre, Kanada je odbacila stara imigraciona pravila bazirana na rasi

and it replaced them with new color-blind ones

i zamenila ih novim koja nisu razlikovala boje

that emphasized education, experience and language skills instead.

i koja su umesto toga naglašavala obrazovanje, iskustvo i jezičke veštine.

And what that did was greatly increase the odds

To je znatno povećalo izglede

that newcomers would contribute to the economy.

da će pridošlice doprineti ekonomiji.

Then part two, Trudeau created the world's first policy

Zatim, drugi deo je da je Trudo stvorio prvu svetsku politiku

of official multiculturalism to promote integration

zvaničnog multikulturalizma da bi promovisao integraciju

and the idea that diversity was the key to Canada's identity.

i ideju da je raznovrsnost ključ identiteta Kanade.

Now, in the years that followed, Ottawa kept pushing this message,

Tokom godina koje su usledile, Otava je nastavljala da nameće tu poruku,

but at the same time, ordinary Canadians

ali su istovremeno obični Kanađani uskoro počeli da uviđaju

soon started to see the economic, the material benefits of multiculturalism

ekonomske, materijalne prednosti multikulturalizma

all around them.

svuda oko sebe.

And these two influences soon combined

Ta dva uticaja su se uskoro udružila

to create the passionately open-minded Canada of today.

da bi stvorila današnju Kanadu sa strastveno otvorenim umom.

Let's now turn to another country and an even tougher problem,

Hajde da se sada pozabavimo drugom zemljom i još težim problemom,

Islamic extremism.

islamskim ekstremizmom.

In 1998, the people of Indonesia took to the streets

Godine 1998, narod Indonezije izašao je na ulice

and overthrew their longtime dictator, Suharto.

i zbacio dugogodišnjeg diktatora Suhartoa.

It was an amazing moment,

Bio je to neverovatan trenutak,

but it was also a scary one.

ali takođe i zastrašujuć.

With 250 million people,

Sa 250 miliona ljudi,

Indonesia is the largest Muslim-majority country on Earth.

Indonezija je najveća zemlja na planeti sa većinskim muslimanskim stanovništvom.

It's also hot, huge and unruly,

Takođe je topla, ogromna i nemirna,

made up of 17,000 islands,

sačinjena od 17 000 ostrva,

where people speak close to a thousand languages.

gde ljudi govore blizu hiljadu jezika.

Now, Suharto had been a dictator,

Suharto je bio diktator

and a nasty one.

i to grozan.

But he'd also been a pretty effective tyrant,

Međutim, takođe je bio prilično efikasan tiranin

and he'd always been careful to keep religion out of politics.

i uvek je pazio da drži religiju izvan politike.

So experts feared that without him keeping a lid on things,

Stoga su se stručnjaci bojali da će, bez njegove kontrole,

the country would explode,

zemlja eksplodirati,

or religious extremists would take over

ili bi verski ekstremisti preuzeli stvar

and turn Indonesia into a tropical version of Iran.

i pretvorili Indoneziju u tropsku verziju Irana.

And that's just what seemed to happen at first.

To je upravo ono što je isprva delovalo da se dešava.

In the country's first free elections, in 1999,

Na prvim slobodnim izborima u zemlji, 1999. godine,

Islamist parties scored 36 percent of the vote,

islamističke stranke su dobile 36 posto glasova,

and the islands burned

a ostrva su gorela

as riots and terror attacks killed thousands.

dok su neredi i teroristički napadi ubili hiljade ljudi.

Since then, however, Indonesia has taken a surprising turn.

Međutim, od tada je Indonezija napravila iznenađujuć preokret.

While ordinary folks have grown more pious on a personal level --

Dok su obični ljudi postali pobožniji na ličnom nivou -

I saw a lot more headscarves on a recent visit

video sam mnogo više marama na glavi pri nedavnoj poseti

than I would have a decade ago --

nego što bih video deceniju ranije -

the country's politics have moved in the opposite direction.

politika zemlje je krenula u suprotnom pravcu.

Indonesia is now a pretty decent democracy.

Indonezija je sada prilično pristojna demokratija.

And yet, its Islamist parties have steadily lost support,

Štaviše, njene islamističke stranke su postepeno gubile podršku,

from a high of about 38 percent in 2004

od visokih 38 posto 2004. godine

down to 25 percent in 2014.

do 25 posto 2014. godine.

As for terrorism, it's now extremely rare.

Što se tiče terorizma, sada je izuzetno redak.

And while a few Indonesians have recently joined ISIS,

Iako se nekoliko Indonežana nedavno pridružilo ISIS-u,

their number is tiny,

njihov broj je mali,

far fewer in per capita terms

daleko manji prema glavi stanovnika

than the number of Belgians.

nego broj Belgijanaca.

Pokušajte da se prisetite druge zemlje sa većinom muslimana

Try to think of one other Muslim-majority country

that can say all those same things.

koja može reći to isto.

Godine 2014, otišao sam u Indoneziju da pitam njenog trenutnog predsednika,

In 2014, I went to Indonesia to ask its current president,

a soft-spoken technocrat named Joko Widodo,

tihog tehnokratu po imenu Đoko Vidodo:

"Why is Indonesia thriving when so many other Muslim states are dying?"

„Zašto Indonezija napreduje

kada toliko drugih muslimanskih zemalja izumire?“

„Pa, ono što smo shvatili“, rekao mi je,

"Well, what we realized," he told me,

"is that to deal with extremism, we needed to deal with inequality first."

„jeste da, da bismo se izborili sa ekstremizmom,

moramo se najpre izboriti sa nejednakošću.“

See, Indonesia's religious parties, like similar parties elsewhere,

Vidite, verske stranke Indonezije, kao i slične stranke bilo gde drugde,

had tended to focus on things like reducing poverty and cutting corruption.

bile su sklone da se fokusiraju na stvari kao što je smanjenje siromaštva

i ukidanje korupcije.

So that's what Joko and his predecessors did too,

Đoko i njegovi prethodnici su to takođe radili,

thereby stealing the Islamists' thunder.

čime su islamistima ukrali štos.

They also cracked down hard on terrorism,

Takođe su preduzmali oštre mere protiv terorizma,

but Indonesia's democrats have learned a key lesson

ali su indonezijske demokrate naučile ključnu lekciju

from the dark years of dictatorship,

iz mračnih godina diktature,

namely that repression only creates more extremism.

naime, da potiskivanje samo stvara više ekstremizma.

So they waged their war with extraordinary delicacy.

Tako su vodili svoj rat sa izuzetnom delikatnošću.

They used the police instead of the army.

Koristili su policiju umesto vojske.

They only detained suspects if they had enough evidence.

Zadržavali su osumnjičene samo ako su imali dovoljno dokaza.

They held public trials.

Održavali su javna suđenja.

They even sent liberal imams into the jails

Čak su slali liberalne imame u zatvor

to persuade the jihadists that terror is un-Islamic.

da bi ubedili džihadiste da teror nije u skladu sa islamom.

And all of this paid off in spectacular fashion,

Sve se to isplatilo na spektakularan način,

creating the kind of country that was unimaginable 20 years ago.

stvorivši takvu vrstu zemlje koja je bila nezamisliva pre 20 godina.

So at this point, my optimism should, I hope,

U ovom trenutku bi moj optimizam trebalo da, nadam se,

be starting to make a bit more sense.

počne da ima malo više smisla.

Neither immigration nor Islamic extremism are impossible to deal with.

Nije nemoguće izboriti se sa imigracijom niti sa islamskim ekstremizmom.

Join me now on one last trip,

Sada mi se pridružite na poslednjem putovanju,

this time to Mexico.

ovoga puta do Meksika.

Now, of our three stories, this one probably surprised me the most,

Od naše tri priče, ova me je verovatno najviše iznenadila,

since as you all know,

jer kao što svi znate,

the country is still struggling with so many problems.

zemlja se još bori sa toliko mnogo problema.

And yet, a few years ago, Mexico did something

Ipak, pre nekoliko godina, Meksiko je uradio nešto

that many other countries from France to India to the United States

što mnoge druge zemlje, od Francuske i Indije do Sjedinjenih Država,

can still only dream of.

mogu za sada samo da sanjaju.

It shattered the political paralysis that had gripped it for years.

Razbio je političku paralizu koja ga je godinama prikovala.

To understand how, we need to rewind to the year 2000,

Da bismo razumeli kako, moramo premotati na 2000. godinu,

when Mexico finally became a democracy.

kada je Meksiko konačno postao demokratija.

Rather than use their new freedoms to fight for reform,

Umesto da koriste svoje nove slobode da bi se borili za reformu,

Mexico's politicians used them to fight one another.

meksički političari su ih koristili da se bore međusobno.

Congress deadlocked, and the country's problems --

Kongres u zastoju i problemi u zemlji -

drugs, poverty, crime, corruption --

droga, siromaštvo, kriminal, korupcija -

spun out of control.

otrgli su se kontroli.

Things got so bad that in 2008,

Postalo je tako loše da je 2008. godine

the Pentagon warned that Mexico risked collapse.

Pentagon upozorio da je Meksiko pod rizikom od propasti.

Then in 2012, this guy named Enrique Peña Nieto

Zatim je 2012. godine tip po imenu Enrike Penja Nijeto

somehow got himself elected president.

nekako uspeo da bude izabran za predsednika.

Now, this Peña hardly inspired much confidence at first.

Taj Penja jedva da je ulivao mnogo poverenja u početku.

Sure, he was handsome,

Svakako, bio je zgodan,

but he came from Mexico's corrupt old ruling party, the PRI,

ali je došao iz stare korumpirane rukovodeće meksičke stranke, PRI,

and he was a notorious womanizer.

i bio je ozloglašeni ženskaroš.

In fact, he seemed like such a pretty boy lightweight

Zapravo, delovao je kao nevažni lepotan

that women called him "bombón," sweetie,

kojeg su žene zvale „bombon“, slatkiš,

at campaign rallies.

na skupovima kampanje.

And yet this same bombón soon surprised everyone

Ipak, taj isti „bombon“ je uskoro sve iznenadio

by hammering out a truce

kada je zakucao primirje

between the country's three warring political parties.

između tri zaraćene političke stranke u zemlji.

And over the next 18 months, they together passed

Tokom narednih 18 meseci, zajedno su doneli

an incredibly comprehensive set of reforms.

izuzetno sveobuhvatan skup reformi.

They busted open Mexico's smothering monopolies.

Rasturili su pljačkaške monopole Meksika.

They liberalized its rusting energy sector.

Liberalizovali su njegov zarđali energetski sektor.

They restructured its failing schools, and much more.

Restrukturirali su njegove propale škole i još mnogo toga.

To appreciate the scale of this accomplishment,

Da biste cenili razmere ovog postignuća,

try to imagine the US Congress passing immigration reform,

pokušajte da zamislite da Kongres SAD-a donese imigracionu reformu,

campaign finance reform and banking reform.

reformu finansiranja kampanja i reformu bankarstva.

Now, try to imagine Congress doing it all at the same time.

Sada pokušajte da zamislite da Kongres sve to uradi istovremeno.

That's what Mexico did.

To je ono što je Meksiko uradio.

Not long ago, I met with Peña and asked how he managed it all.

Nedavno sam se sastao sa Penjom i pitao ga kako je sve to uspeo.

The President flashed me his famous twinkly smile --

Predsednik mi je uputio njegov čuveni blještavi osmeh -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

and told me that the short answer was "compromiso," compromise.

i rekao mi je da je odgovor na to ukratko - kompromis.

Of course, I pushed him for details,

Naravno, navaljivao sam da mi da detalje,

and the long answer that came out was essentially

a duži odgovor koji je proizašao u suštini je glasio

"compromise, compromise and more compromise."

„kompromis, kompromis i još kompromisa“.

See, Peña knew that he needed to build trust early,

Vidite, Penja je znao da treba da rano izgradi poverenje,

so he started talking to the opposition just days after his election.

pa je počeo da razgovara sa opozicijom samo nekoliko dana nakon njegovog odabira.

To ward off pressure from special interests,

Da bi izbegao pritisak interesnih grupa,

he kept their meetings small and secret,

sastanke je održavao kao male i u tajnosti,

and many of the participants later told me that it was this intimacy,

a mnogi učesnici su mi kasnije rekli da je ta intimnost,

plus a lot of shared tequila,

plus dosta tekile koju su podelili,

that helped build confidence.

pomogla da se izgradi poverenje.

So did the fact that all decisions had to be unanimous,

Takođe je pomogla činjenica da su sve odluke morale biti jednoglasne

and that Peña even agreed to pass some of the other party's priorities

i da se Penja čak složio da propusti prioritete druge stranke

before his own.

ispred sopstvenih.

As Santiago Creel, an opposition senator, put it to me,

Kako mi je to izneo Santjago Kril, senator opozicije:

"Look, I'm not saying that I'm special or that anyone is special,

„Vidi, ne kažem da sam ja poseban ili da je bilo ko poseban,

but that group, that was special."

ali ta grupa, to je bilo posebno.“

The proof?

Dokaz?

When Peña was sworn in, the pact held,

Kada je Pena položio zakletvu, pakt se održao,

and Mexico moved forward for the first time in years.

a Meksiko je napredovao po prvi put nakon mnogo godina.

Bueno.

Dobro.

So now we've seen how these three countries

Sada smo videli kako su ove tri zemlje

overcame three of their great challenges.

prebrodile tri svoja najveća izazova.

And that's very nice for them, right?

To je baš fino za njih, zar ne?

But what good does it do the rest of us?

Međutim, kakve koristi od toga ima ostatak nas?

Well, in the course of studying these and a bunch of other success stories,

Pa, tokom izučavanja ovih i gomile drugih uspešnih priča,

like the way Rwanda pulled itself back together after civil war

kao što je način na koji se Ruanda povratila posle građanskog rata

or Brazil has reduced inequality,

ili na koji je Brazil umanjio nejednakost,

or South Korea has kept its economy growing faster and for longer

ili kako je Južna Koreja održala ekonomiju u porastu brže i duže

than any other country on Earth,

od bilo koje države na planeti,

I've noticed a few common threads.

primetio sam nekoliko zajedničkih tema.

Now, before describing them, I need to add a caveat.

Pre nego što ih opišem, moram da dodam jednu primedbu.

I realize, of course, that all countries are unique.

Shvatam, naravno, da su sve zemlje jedinstvene.

So you can't simply take what worked in one,

Stoga ne možete prosto uzeti ono što je uspelo u jednoj,

port it to another and expect it to work there too.

preneti to na drugu i očekivati da to i tamo funkcioniše,

Nor do specific solutions work forever.

niti će određena rešenja uspevati večno.

You've got to adapt them as circumstances change.

Morate ih prilagoditi dok se okolnosti menjaju.

That said, by stripping these stories to their essence,

Međutim, ako ogolite ove priče do njihove suštine,

you absolutely can distill a few common tools for problem-solving

apsolutno možete izvući nekoliko zajedničkih načina za rešavanje problema

that will work in other countries

koje će delovati u drugim zemljama,

and in boardrooms

u konferencijskim salama

and in all sorts of other contexts, too.

i u raznim drugim kontekstima, takođe.

Number one, embrace the extreme.

Broj jedan, prigrlite krajnost.

In all the stories we've just looked at,

U svim pričama koje smo upravo razmotrili,

salvation came at a moment of existential peril.

spas je došao u trenutku egzistencijalne opasnosti.

And that was no coincidence.

To nije bila slučajnost.

Take Canada: when Trudeau took office, he faced two looming dangers.

Uzmite Kanadu - kada je Trudo stupio na funkciju,

suočio se sa dve opasnosti koje su se nadvijale.

First, though his vast, underpopulated country

Prvo, iako je njegovoj prostranoj, nedovoljno nastanjenoj zemlji

badly needed more bodies,

jako bilo potrebno više ljudi,

its preferred source for white workers, Europe,

njen najpoželjniji izvor belih radnika, Evropa, prestala je da ih izvozi

had just stopped exporting them as it finally recovered from World War II.

kako se konačno oporavila od Drugog svetskog rata.

The other problem was that Canada's long cold war

Drugi problem je bio što je kanadski dugi hladni rat

between its French and its English communities

između njenih francuskih i engleskih zajednica

had just become a hot one.

upravo postao uzavreo.

Quebec was threatening to secede,

Kvebek je pretio da se odvoji

and Canadians were actually killing other Canadians over politics.

i Kanađani su zapravo ubijali druge Kanađane zbog politike.

Now, countries face crises all the time. Right?

Sad, zemlje se stalno suočavaju sa krizama, zar ne?

That's nothing special.

To nije ništa posebno.

But Trudeau's genius was to realize that Canada's crisis

Ipak, Trudoov genije je shvatio da je kanadska kriza

had swept away all the hurdles that usually block reform.

uklonila sve prepreke koje obično blokiraju reforme.

Canada had to open up. It had no choice.

Kanada je morala da se otvori. Nije imala izbora.

Morala je da iznova osmisli svoj identitet.

And it had to rethink its identity.

Again, it had no choice.

Još jednom, nije imala izbora.

And that gave Trudeau a once-in-a-generation opportunity

To je Trudou dalo priliku koja dolazi jednom u generaciji

to break the old rules and write new ones.

da sruši stara pravila i napiše nova.

And like all our other heroes, he was smart enough to seize it.

Kao i svi drugi naši heroji, bio je dovoljno pametan da je zgrabi.

Number two, there's power in promiscuous thinking.

Broj dva, postoji moć u promiskuitetnom razmišljanju.

Another striking similarity among good problem-solvers

Druga upadljiva sličnost između onih koji dobro rešavaju probleme

is that they're all pragmatists.

je da su svi pragmatisti.

They'll steal the best answers from wherever they find them,

Ukrašće najbolje odgovore kod koga god da ih pronađu

i ne dozvoljavaju da se ispreče detalji

and they don't let details

like party or ideology or sentimentality get in their way.

poput stranke, ideologije ili sentimentalnosti.

Kao što sam pomenuo ranije, demokrate u Indoneziji su bile dovoljno pametne

As I mentioned earlier, Indonesia's democrats were clever enough

to steal many of the Islamists' best campaign promises for themselves.

da ukradu za sebe mnoga od islamističkih najboljih kampanjskih obećanja.

They even invited some of the radicals into their governing coalition.

Čak su pozvali neke od radikala u svoju vladajuću koaliciju.

Now, that horrified a lot of secular Indonesians.

To je užasnulo mnogo sekularnih Indonežana.

But by forcing the radicals to actually help govern,

Međutim, primoravanje radikala da zapravo pomognu u vlasti

it quickly exposed the fact that they weren't any good at the job,

ubrzo je razotkrilo činjenicu da uopšte nisu dobri za taj posao

and it got them mixed up in all of the grubby compromises

i to ih je umešalo u sve prljave kompromise

and petty humiliations that are part of everyday politics.

i sitna poniženja koja su deo svakodnevne politike.

And that hurt their image so badly that they've never recovered.

To je toliko naškodilo njihovom imidžu da se nikada nisu oporavili.

Number three,

Broj tri,

please all of the people some of the time.

ponekad udovoljite svim ljudima.

I know I just mentioned how crises can grant leaders extraordinary freedoms.

Znam da sam pomenuo kako kriza može vođama pružiti izuzetnu slobodu.

And that's true, but problem-solving often requires more than just boldness.

To je tačno, ali rešavanje problema često zahteva više od same smelosti.

It takes showing restraint, too,

Takođe je potrebno pokazati uzdržanost,

just when that's the last thing you want to do.

baš kada je to poslednje što biste da uradite.

Take Trudeau: when he took office,

Uzmite Trudoa - kada je preuzeo dužnost,

he could easily have put his core constituency,

mogao lako da postavi svoje osnovno biračko telo,

that is Canada's French community, first.

a to je francuska kanadska zajednica, na prvo mesto.

He could have pleased some of the people all of the time.

Mogao je da neke ljude učini zadovoljnim za stalno.

And Peña could have used his power to keep attacking the opposition,

Penja je mogao da iskoristi svoju moć da nastavi da napada opoziciju,

as was traditional in Mexico.

kao što je bilo po običaju u Meksiku.

Yet he chose to embrace his enemies instead,

Ipak, odabrao je da umesto toga prigrli svoje neprijatelje,

while forcing his own party to compromise.

pri tome primoravajući svoju stranku na kompromis.

And Trudeau pushed everyone to stop thinking in tribal terms

A Trudo je pritisnuo sve da prestanu da razmišljaju u plemenskim okvirima

and to see multiculturalism, not language and not skin color,

i da vide multikulturalizam, a ne jezik ili boju kože,

as what made them quintessentially Canadian.

kao nešto što ih u suštini čini Kanađanima.

Nobody got everything they wanted,

Niko nije dobio sve što je hteo,

but everyone got just enough that the bargains held.

ali je svako dobio dovoljno da se pogodba održi.

So at this point you may be thinking,

Možda razmišljate u ovom trenutku:

"OK, Tepperman,

„U redu, Tepermane,

if the fixes really are out there like you keep insisting,

ako rešenja zaista postoje kao što uporno insistiraš,

zašto ih onda već ne koristi više zemalja?

then why aren't more countries already using them?"

It's not like they require special powers to pull off.

Ne može se reći da su im potrebne specijalne moći da im uspe.

I mean, none of the leaders we've just looked at were superheroes.

Mislim, nijedan od vođa koje smo upravo razmotrili

nije superheroj.

They didn't accomplish anything on their own,

Nisu ništa postigli samostalno

and they all had plenty of flaws.

i imali su dosta mana.

Take Indonesia's first democratic president,

Uzmite prvog demokratskog predsednika Indonezije, Abdurahmana Vahida.

Abdurrahman Wahid.

This man was so powerfully uncharismatic

Taj čovek je bio toliko izazito neharizmatičan

that he once fell asleep

da je jednom zaspao

in the middle of his own speech.

usred sopstvenog govora.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

True story.

Istinita priča.

So what this tells us is that the real obstacle is not ability,

Ovo nam govori da prava prepreka nije sposobnost,

and it's not circumstances.

a nisu ni okolnosti.

It's something much simpler.

U pitanju je nešto mnogo jednostavnije.

Making big changes involves taking big risks,

Stvaranje velikih promena obuhvata preuzimanje velikih rizika,

and taking big risks is scary.

a preuzimanje velikih rizika je zastrašujuće.

Overcoming that fear requires guts,

Prevazilaženje tog straha zahteva hrabrost,

and as you all know,

a kao što znate,

gutsy politicians are painfully rare.

hrabri političari su bolno retki.

But that doesn't mean we voters

Ipak, to ne znači da mi, glasači,

can't demand courage from our political leaders.

ne možemo zahtevati hrabrost od naših političkih vođa.

I mean, that's why we put them in office in the first place.

Mislim, zato smo ih pre svega i postavili na funkcije.

And given the state of the world today, there's really no other option.

Imajući u vidu stanje sveta danas, zaista ne postoji druga opcija.

The answers are out there,

Odgovori postoje,

but now it's up to us

ali sada je na nama

to elect more women and men

da izaberemo više žena i muškaraca

brave enough to find them,

koji su dovoljno hrabri da ih nađu,

to steal them

da ih ukradu

and to make them work.

i da učine da deluju.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)