The risky politics of progress | Jonathan Tepperman

63,856 views ใƒป 2016-09-24

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Meeyeon Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
The conventional wisdom about our world today
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ†ต๋…์€
00:15
is that this is a time of terrible decline.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ๋”์ฐํ•œ ํ•˜๊ฐ•์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
And that's not surprising, given the bad news all around us,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ ๋‰ด์Šค๋“ค๋งŒ ๋ณด๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋†€๋ž์ง„ ์•Š์•„์š”.
00:23
from ISIS to inequality,
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ISIS, ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ
00:25
political dysfunction, climate change,
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์ •์น˜์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์žฅ์• , ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”
00:28
Brexit, and on and on.
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๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์ด์š”.
00:31
But here's the thing, and this may sound a little weird.
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ข€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
00:35
I actually don't buy this gloomy narrative,
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์ „ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ์šฐ์šธํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
and I don't think you should either.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์„  ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
00:40
Look, it's not that I don't see the problems.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋ชป ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
I read the same headlines that you do.
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์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ฝ์–ด์š”.
00:46
What I dispute is the conclusion that so many people draw from them,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก 
00:49
namely that we're all screwed
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์ฆ‰, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ œ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ์ด๊ณ 
00:51
because the problems are unsolvable
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:54
and our governments are useless.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Now, why do I say this?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:58
It's not like I'm particularly optimistic by nature.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ฒœ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚™์ฒœ์ ์ด๋ผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
But something about the media's constant doom-mongering
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ฑ„
01:06
with its fixation on problems and not on answers
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•”์šธํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํผํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:09
has always really bugged me.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:11
So a few years ago I decided,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช‡ ํ•ด ์ „, ์ „ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:14
well, I'm a journalist,
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์ €๋Š” ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
01:16
I should see if I can do any better
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜ ์•Œ์•„๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:18
by going around the world and actually asking folks
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋””๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
if and how they've tackled
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ์™”๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
01:22
their big economic and political challenges.
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01:26
And what I found astonished me.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
It turns out that there are remarkable signs of progress out there,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ง•ํ›„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๊ณ ์š”.
01:33
often in the most unexpected places,
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”
01:36
and they've convinced me that our great global challenges
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋„์ „์ด
01:40
may not be so unsolvable after all.
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ตฌ์ œ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
Not only are there theoretical fixes;
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์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:45
those fixes have been tried.
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์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๋„๋œ ์ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ž˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋์–ด์š”.
01:47
They've worked.
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01:49
And they offer hope for the rest of us.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
I'm going to show you what I mean
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
01:54
by telling you about how three of the countries I visited --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์„ธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ธ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์™€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๊ฐ€
01:56
Canada, Indonesia and Mexico --
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01:58
overcame three supposedly impossible problems.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
02:02
Their stories matter because they contain tools the rest of us can use,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
02:06
and not just for those particular problems,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:09
but for many others, too.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
When most people think about my homeland, Canada, today,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ธ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
02:17
if they think about Canada at all,
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธด ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
02:19
they think cold, they think boring, they think polite.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ถฅ๊ณ , ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต์†ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
They think we say "sorry" too much in our funny accents.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ƒ๊ธด ์–ต์–‘์œผ๋กœ "์ฃ„์†กํ•ด์š”"๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
02:26
And that's all true.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ „๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—์š”.
02:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:29
Sorry.
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ด์š”.
02:30
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:32
But Canada's also important
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
because of its triumph over a problem
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์—ด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์Šน๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
currently tearing many other countries apart:
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02:39
immigration.
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์ด๋ฏผ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:41
Consider, Canada today is among the world's most welcoming nations,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
even compared to other immigration-friendly countries.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด๋ฏผ์— ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:49
Its per capita immigration rate is four times higher than France's,
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ผ์ธ๋‹น ์ด๋ฏผ์œจ์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ณด๋‹ค 4๋ฐฐ ๋งŽ๊ณ ์š”.
02:53
and its percentage of foreign-born residents
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์™ธ๊ตญ ํƒœ์ƒ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€
02:56
is double that of Sweden.
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์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Meanwhile, Canada admitted
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๋™์‹œ์— ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์—
02:59
10 times more Syrian refugees in the last year
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค 10๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
than did the United States.
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03:05
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
03:12
And now Canada is taking even more.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:14
And yet, if you ask Canadians
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
03:16
what makes them proudest of their country,
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์œผ๋ฉด
03:19
they rank "multiculturalism,"
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"๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์„ฑ"์„ ๊ผฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
a dirty word in most places,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ฃ .
03:24
second,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
03:25
ahead of hockey.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•˜ํ‚ค์ฃ .
03:27
Hockey.
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ํ•˜ํ‚ค.
03:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:31
In other words, at a time when other countries
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชป ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋„๋ก
03:34
are now frantically building new barriers to keep foreigners out,
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์ƒˆ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ๋“ค์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์„
03:37
Canadians want even more of them in.
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๋“ค์—ฌ์˜ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Now, here's the really interesting part.
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์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:43
Canada wasn't always like this.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋ ‡์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Until the mid-1960s, Canada followed an explicitly racist immigration policy.
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1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™•์—ฐํžˆ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ด๋ฏผ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋”ฐ๋ž์–ด์š”.
03:52
They called it "White Canada,"
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ "ํ™”์ดํŠธ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์ฃ .
03:54
and as you can see, they were not just talking about the snow.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
03:59
So how did that Canada become today's Canada?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:05
Well, despite what my mom in Ontario will tell you,
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์˜จํƒ€๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๊ณ„์‹  ์ €ํฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ํ•˜์‹ค ๋ง์”€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
04:07
the answer had nothing to do with virtue.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€ ๋ฏธ๋•๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
04:09
Canadians are not inherently better than anyone else.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
04:13
The real explanation involves the man who became Canada's leader in 1968,
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์„ค๋ช…์€ 1968๋…„ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋œ
04:17
Pierre Trudeau, who is also the father of the current prime minister.
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ํ”ผ์—๋ฅด ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ด์‹œ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:21
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:25
The thing to know about that first Trudeau
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋จผ์ €
04:27
is that he was very different from Canada's previous leaders.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ด์ „ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
He was a French speaker in a country long-dominated by its English elite.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋‹นํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:34
He was an intellectual.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€์„ฑ์ธ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:36
He was even kind of groovy.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:38
I mean, seriously, the guy did yoga.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ์š”, ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์š”๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:41
He hung out with the Beatles.
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๋น„ํ‹€์ฆˆ๋ž‘ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
04:42
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:44
And like all hipsters, he could be infuriating at times.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ํž™์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:48
But he nevertheless pulled off
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š”
04:50
one of the most progressive transformations any country has ever seen.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง„๋ณด์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์‹œ์ผฐ์–ด์š”.
04:56
His formula, I've learned, involved two parts.
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์ „ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณต์‹์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”.
04:58
First, Canada threw out its old race-based immigration rules,
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ด๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
05:02
and it replaced them with new color-blind ones
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ‰๊น”๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:05
that emphasized education, experience and language skills instead.
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์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ต์œก, ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:10
And what that did was greatly increase the odds
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—
05:13
that newcomers would contribute to the economy.
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๊ณตํ—Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
05:16
Then part two, Trudeau created the world's first policy
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋„๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ
05:20
of official multiculturalism to promote integration
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ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
05:24
and the idea that diversity was the key to Canada's identity.
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๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:29
Now, in the years that followed, Ottawa kept pushing this message,
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์ด์ œ, ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜คํƒ€์™€๋Š” ์ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
05:33
but at the same time, ordinary Canadians
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ๋“ค๋„
05:35
soon started to see the economic, the material benefits of multiculturalism
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๊ณง ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ํ˜œํƒ์„
05:40
all around them.
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๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:41
And these two influences soon combined
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๊ณง ํ•ฉ์ณ์ ธ
05:44
to create the passionately open-minded Canada of today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์—ด์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
05:49
Let's now turn to another country and an even tougher problem,
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์ด์ œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
05:53
Islamic extremism.
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์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
05:55
In 1998, the people of Indonesia took to the streets
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1998๋…„์— ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™€
05:58
and overthrew their longtime dictator, Suharto.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋…์žฌ์ž์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฅดํ† ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋„ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:02
It was an amazing moment,
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์ •๋ง ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:04
but it was also a scary one.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌด์„ญ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:06
With 250 million people,
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2์–ต 5์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
06:08
Indonesia is the largest Muslim-majority country on Earth.
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์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ ์ฃผ๋„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
It's also hot, huge and unruly,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฅ๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ 
06:15
made up of 17,000 islands,
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17,000๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:17
where people speak close to a thousand languages.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒœ ๊ฐœ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
Now, Suharto had been a dictator,
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์ด์ œ, ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฅดํ† ๋Š” ํ•œ๋•Œ ๋…์žฌ์ž์˜€๊ณ  ํฌ์•…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
and a nasty one.
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06:24
But he'd also been a pretty effective tyrant,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฝค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํญ๊ตฐ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:27
and he'd always been careful to keep religion out of politics.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ข…๊ต์™€ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ ์ค‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:31
So experts feared that without him keeping a lid on things,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํ†ต์ œํ•ด ์˜ค๋˜ ๊ทธ ์—†์ด๋Š”
06:34
the country would explode,
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๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:36
or religious extremists would take over
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์ข…๊ต ๊ทน๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:38
and turn Indonesia into a tropical version of Iran.
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์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ์—ด๋Œ€ ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ์ด๋ž€์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:43
And that's just what seemed to happen at first.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์˜€์–ด์š”.
06:46
In the country's first free elections, in 1999,
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1999๋…„ ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž์œ  ํˆฌํ‘œ์—์„œ
06:49
Islamist parties scored 36 percent of the vote,
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์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๋‹น์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ์˜ 36%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:52
and the islands burned
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์„ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ์— ํƒ”์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:54
as riots and terror attacks killed thousands.
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ํญ๋™๊ณผ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ด ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ ๋ช…์„ ์ฃฝ์˜€์ฃ .
06:58
Since then, however, Indonesia has taken a surprising turn.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:03
While ordinary folks have grown more pious on a personal level --
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฒฝ๊ฑดํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
07:07
I saw a lot more headscarves on a recent visit
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์ „ 10๋…„ ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜๊ฑด์„ ๋ดค๊ณ ์š”.
07:09
than I would have a decade ago --
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07:11
the country's politics have moved in the opposite direction.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ •์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
Indonesia is now a pretty decent democracy.
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์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ฝค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ˆ์š”.
07:20
And yet, its Islamist parties have steadily lost support,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๋‹น์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์ง€์ง€๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ์–ด๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
07:23
from a high of about 38 percent in 2004
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2004๋…„ 38%์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ง€์ง€๋„์—์„œ
07:26
down to 25 percent in 2014.
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2014๋…„์— 25%๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”์ฃ .
07:30
As for terrorism, it's now extremely rare.
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด์ œ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋“œ๋ฌผ์–ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
07:34
And while a few Indonesians have recently joined ISIS,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ISIS์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:37
their number is tiny,
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๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
far fewer in per capita terms
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์ผ์ธ๋‹น ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์—๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์–ด์š”.
07:42
than the number of Belgians.
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07:46
Try to think of one other Muslim-majority country
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€
07:48
that can say all those same things.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:51
In 2014, I went to Indonesia to ask its current president,
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2014๋…„์— ์ €๋Š” ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ํ˜„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:54
a soft-spoken technocrat named Joko Widodo,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ์ฝ” ์œ„๋„๋„๋ผ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ…Œํฌ๋…ธํฌ๋ ›์ด์ฃ .
07:57
"Why is Indonesia thriving when so many other Muslim states are dying?"
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"๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ์–ด์งธ์„œ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
08:03
"Well, what we realized," he told me,
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08:04
"is that to deal with extremism, we needed to deal with inequality first."
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"๊ทน๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ."
08:09
See, Indonesia's religious parties, like similar parties elsewhere,
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์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ข…๊ต์  ๋‹น์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‹น๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
08:13
had tended to focus on things like reducing poverty and cutting corruption.
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๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:18
So that's what Joko and his predecessors did too,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์กฐ์ฝ”์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:20
thereby stealing the Islamists' thunder.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋บ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:23
They also cracked down hard on terrorism,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์—„์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์†ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:26
but Indonesia's democrats have learned a key lesson
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์€ ๋…์žฌ๊ถŒ์˜ ์–ด๋‘์šด ์‹œ์ ˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:28
from the dark years of dictatorship,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์–ด์š”.
08:30
namely that repression only creates more extremism.
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์ฆ‰, ์–ต์••์€ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:36
So they waged their war with extraordinary delicacy.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:40
They used the police instead of the army.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
08:42
They only detained suspects if they had enough evidence.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์šฉ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:45
They held public trials.
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๊ณต๊ฐœ ์žฌํŒ์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
They even sent liberal imams into the jails
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์„ฑ์ง์ž๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์— ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
08:49
to persuade the jihadists that terror is un-Islamic.
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€ํ•˜๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
08:52
And all of this paid off in spectacular fashion,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์–ด์š”.
08:55
creating the kind of country that was unimaginable 20 years ago.
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20๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:00
So at this point, my optimism should, I hope,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ „ ์ œ ๋‚™์ฒœ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„
09:03
be starting to make a bit more sense.
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์ข€๋” ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
Neither immigration nor Islamic extremism are impossible to deal with.
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์ด๋ฏผ๋„ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜๋„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
09:10
Join me now on one last trip,
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์ด์ œ ์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์—ฌํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ฃ .
09:12
this time to Mexico.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”ํ–‰ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
Now, of our three stories, this one probably surprised me the most,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋งˆ ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
since as you all know,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
09:19
the country is still struggling with so many problems.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋กœ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:22
And yet, a few years ago, Mexico did something
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋Š”
09:25
that many other countries from France to India to the United States
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ ์ธ๋„, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด
09:30
can still only dream of.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฟˆ๋งŒ ๊พธ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:32
It shattered the political paralysis that had gripped it for years.
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์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ๊ฝ‰ ์ฅ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋งˆ๋น„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์‚ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
09:37
To understand how, we need to rewind to the year 2000,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2000๋…„๋„๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
when Mexico finally became a democracy.
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋๋˜ ํ•ด์ด์ฃ .
09:42
Rather than use their new freedoms to fight for reform,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
09:47
Mexico's politicians used them to fight one another.
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„œ๋กœ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:50
Congress deadlocked, and the country's problems --
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ๊ต์ฐฉ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น ์กŒ๊ณ 
09:53
drugs, poverty, crime, corruption --
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๋งˆ์•ฝ, ๋นˆ๊ณค, ๋ฒ”์ฃ„, ๋ถ€ํŒจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์—ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
spun out of control.
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09:58
Things got so bad that in 2008,
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„์ ธ์„œ 2008๋…„์—”
10:00
the Pentagon warned that Mexico risked collapse.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:04
Then in 2012, this guy named Enrique Peรฑa Nieto
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ 2012๋…„ ์—”๋ฆฌํฌ ํŽ˜๋ƒ ๋‹ˆ์—ํ† ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€
10:09
somehow got himself elected president.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
Now, this Peรฑa hardly inspired much confidence at first.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ํŽ˜๋ƒ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ํฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
10:16
Sure, he was handsome,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž˜์ƒ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
10:18
but he came from Mexico's corrupt old ruling party, the PRI,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•œ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ œ 1๋‹น์ธ PRI ์ถœ์‹ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:22
and he was a notorious womanizer.
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์•…๋ช… ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๋‘ฅ์ด์˜€์ฃ .
10:26
In fact, he seemed like such a pretty boy lightweight
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณฑ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒจ์„œ
10:29
that women called him "bombรณn," sweetie,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ ›, ์ž๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์œ ์„ธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๋ €์–ด์š”.
10:32
at campaign rallies.
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10:35
And yet this same bombรณn soon surprised everyone
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ ›์€ ๊ณง ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ž˜ํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
by hammering out a truce
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์ค‘์ธ ์„ธ ์ •์น˜๋‹น
10:40
between the country's three warring political parties.
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์‚ฌ์ด์— ํœด์ „ ํƒ€๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
And over the next 18 months, they together passed
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ 18๊ฐœ์›”๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ™์ด
10:45
an incredibly comprehensive set of reforms.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ฐœํ˜์•ˆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผฐ์–ด์š”.
10:48
They busted open Mexico's smothering monopolies.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ ์ˆจ๋ง‰ํžˆ๋Š” ๋…์žฌ์—์„œ ์ˆจํ†ต์„ ํ…„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
They liberalized its rusting energy sector.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋…น์Šฌ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์‹œ์ผฐ์–ด์š”.
10:55
They restructured its failing schools, and much more.
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๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์žฌ๊ฑดํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:58
To appreciate the scale of this accomplishment,
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์ด ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:00
try to imagine the US Congress passing immigration reform,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏผ ๊ฐœํ˜
11:04
campaign finance reform and banking reform.
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์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ์žฌ์ • ๊ฐœํ˜, ๋˜ ์€ํ–‰ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:07
Now, try to imagine Congress doing it all at the same time.
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์˜ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:11
That's what Mexico did.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:14
Not long ago, I met with Peรฑa and asked how he managed it all.
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์–ผ๋งˆ์ „, ์ „ ํŽ˜๋ƒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:18
The President flashed me his famous twinkly smile --
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๊ทธ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
11:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:24
and told me that the short answer was "compromiso," compromise.
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"compromiso" ์ฆ‰ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์งง์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
Of course, I pushed him for details,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ „ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:31
and the long answer that came out was essentially
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธด ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
11:33
"compromise, compromise and more compromise."
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"ํƒ€ํ˜‘, ํƒ€ํ˜‘, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํƒ€ํ˜‘" ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:37
See, Peรฑa knew that he needed to build trust early,
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ํŽ˜๋ƒ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์Œ“์•„์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”.
11:40
so he started talking to the opposition just days after his election.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ ์ถœ๋œ์ง€ ๋ฉฐ์น  ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋‹น๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:43
To ward off pressure from special interests,
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ํŠน์ • ๊ด€์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ์••๋ฐ•์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:46
he kept their meetings small and secret,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๋น„๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์— ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
11:49
and many of the participants later told me that it was this intimacy,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์นœ๋ฐ€๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐํ‚ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€
11:53
plus a lot of shared tequila,
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11:55
that helped build confidence.
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์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ์Œ“๋Š”๋ฐ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:57
So did the fact that all decisions had to be unanimous,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ, ํŽ˜๋ƒ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด
12:00
and that Peรฑa even agreed to pass some of the other party's priorities
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๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹น์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ
12:04
before his own.
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๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
12:06
As Santiago Creel, an opposition senator, put it to me,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋‹น ์˜์›์ธ ์‚ฐํ‹ฐ์•„๊ณ  ํฌ๋ฆด์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
"Look, I'm not saying that I'm special or that anyone is special,
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"๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:14
but that group, that was special."
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์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
12:18
The proof?
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์š”?
12:19
When Peรฑa was sworn in, the pact held,
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ํŽ˜๋ƒ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ํ•œ ํ˜‘์•ฝ์—์„œ ๋งน์„ธ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:22
and Mexico moved forward for the first time in years.
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„๋งŒ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:27
Bueno.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
12:28
So now we've seen how these three countries
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์„ธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜
12:31
overcame three of their great challenges.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ณ ๋‚œ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
12:33
And that's very nice for them, right?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜๋œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ์ตธ?
12:35
But what good does it do the rest of us?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
12:39
Well, in the course of studying these and a bunch of other success stories,
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์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
12:42
like the way Rwanda pulled itself back together after civil war
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์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ „์Ÿ์ดํ›„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฌ๊ฐœํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‚˜
12:46
or Brazil has reduced inequality,
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์ด ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์ค„์ธ ์ผ์ด๋‚˜
12:49
or South Korea has kept its economy growing faster and for longer
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ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„
12:53
than any other country on Earth,
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์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
12:55
I've noticed a few common threads.
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์ „ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:57
Now, before describing them, I need to add a caveat.
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์ด๊ฑธ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฃผ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
13:00
I realize, of course, that all countries are unique.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ „ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
So you can't simply take what worked in one,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„
13:06
port it to another and expect it to work there too.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„  ์•ˆ๋ผ์š”.
13:08
Nor do specific solutions work forever.
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์˜์›ํžˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
You've got to adapt them as circumstances change.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
13:14
That said, by stripping these stories to their essence,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ
13:18
you absolutely can distill a few common tools for problem-solving
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋ช… ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:23
that will work in other countries
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:26
and in boardrooms
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์ด์‚ฌ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค์ด๋‚˜
13:27
and in all sorts of other contexts, too.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
13:30
Number one, embrace the extreme.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๊ทน๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:33
In all the stories we've just looked at,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
13:35
salvation came at a moment of existential peril.
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์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๊ตฌ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
And that was no coincidence.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ์—ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
13:41
Take Canada: when Trudeau took office, he faced two looming dangers.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”: ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ์žก์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋ด‰์ฐฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:46
First, though his vast, underpopulated country
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๋จผ์ € ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€
13:49
badly needed more bodies,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์‹คํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„
13:50
its preferred source for white workers, Europe,
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ธ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€
13:53
had just stopped exporting them as it finally recovered from World War II.
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2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „์—์„œ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์„ ๋ง‰์•˜์–ด์š”.
13:57
The other problem was that Canada's long cold war
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๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
14:00
between its French and its English communities
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ƒ‰์ „์ด
14:03
had just become a hot one.
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๋‹ฌ์•„์˜ฌ๋ž๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:05
Quebec was threatening to secede,
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ํ€˜๋ฐฑ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์ด ๋˜๊ณ ์ž ํ˜‘๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
14:07
and Canadians were actually killing other Canadians over politics.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ •์น˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ๋“ค์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:11
Now, countries face crises all the time. Right?
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๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
14:14
That's nothing special.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ณ„๋กœ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
But Trudeau's genius was to realize that Canada's crisis
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋„์˜ ์ฒœ์žฌ์„ฑ์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
14:20
had swept away all the hurdles that usually block reform.
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๋ณดํ†ต์€ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์—†์•ด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:24
Canada had to open up. It had no choice.
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:29
And it had to rethink its identity.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
14:30
Again, it had no choice.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
14:32
And that gave Trudeau a once-in-a-generation opportunity
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋„๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๋”ฑ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
to break the old rules and write new ones.
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊นจ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:39
And like all our other heroes, he was smart enough to seize it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์›…๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
14:44
Number two, there's power in promiscuous thinking.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์žก๋‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ํž˜์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:48
Another striking similarity among good problem-solvers
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์€
14:51
is that they're all pragmatists.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹ค์šฉ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
They'll steal the best answers from wherever they find them,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
14:56
and they don't let details
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์ •๋‹น์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐ™์€
14:57
like party or ideology or sentimentality get in their way.
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์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰๊ฒŒ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
15:03
As I mentioned earlier, Indonesia's democrats were clever enough
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์•„๊นŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:06
to steal many of the Islamists' best campaign promises for themselves.
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์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๊ต๋„๋“ค์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ์•ฝ์† ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์™”์–ด์š”.
15:11
They even invited some of the radicals into their governing coalition.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์ •์น˜ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
15:15
Now, that horrified a lot of secular Indonesians.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
15:19
But by forcing the radicals to actually help govern,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
15:24
it quickly exposed the fact that they weren't any good at the job,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ผ์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๊ณง ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๊ณ 
15:28
and it got them mixed up in all of the grubby compromises
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์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•œ ํƒ€ํ˜‘๊ณผ ์ผ์ƒ ์ •์น˜์˜
15:31
and petty humiliations that are part of everyday politics.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ตด์š•๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์ณ์กŒ์ฃ .
15:34
And that hurt their image so badly that they've never recovered.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ›ผ์†์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด์š”.
15:39
Number three,
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
15:40
please all of the people some of the time.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:44
I know I just mentioned how crises can grant leaders extraordinary freedoms.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„์š”.
15:49
And that's true, but problem-solving often requires more than just boldness.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•จ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:53
It takes showing restraint, too,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
15:55
just when that's the last thing you want to do.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:58
Take Trudeau: when he took office,
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ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋„์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”: ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ์žก์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
16:00
he could easily have put his core constituency,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ์ธ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜
16:03
that is Canada's French community, first.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ง€์—ญ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์šฐ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:05
He could have pleased some of the people all of the time.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
16:09
And Peรฑa could have used his power to keep attacking the opposition,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŽ˜๋ƒ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋‹น์„ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ์˜ ํž˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
16:13
as was traditional in Mexico.
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:15
Yet he chose to embrace his enemies instead,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ ์„ ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:18
while forcing his own party to compromise.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋‹น์€ ํƒ€ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
16:20
And Trudeau pushed everyone to stop thinking in tribal terms
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€์กฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
16:25
and to see multiculturalism, not language and not skin color,
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์–ธ์–ด์™€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
as what made them quintessentially Canadian.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ฐธ๋œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
16:32
Nobody got everything they wanted,
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
16:35
but everyone got just enough that the bargains held.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์ฃ .
16:40
So at this point you may be thinking,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋•Œ์ฏค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
16:43
"OK, Tepperman,
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"์ข‹์•„์š”, ํ…Œํผ๋งŒ
16:44
if the fixes really are out there like you keep insisting,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋“ฏ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์ •๋ง ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:47
then why aren't more countries already using them?"
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
16:50
It's not like they require special powers to pull off.
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํž˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
I mean, none of the leaders we've just looked at were superheroes.
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์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณธ ์ด ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ˆ˜ํผํžˆ์–ด๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:56
They didn't accomplish anything on their own,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ์ด๋ฃฌ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
16:59
and they all had plenty of flaws.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ค์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
17:01
Take Indonesia's first democratic president,
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์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
17:03
Abdurrahman Wahid.
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์••๋‘๋ผ๋งŒ ์™€ํž˜์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
17:05
This man was so powerfully uncharismatic
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์นด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ
17:08
that he once fell asleep
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์ค‘์—
17:10
in the middle of his own speech.
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์ž ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
17:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
17:14
True story.
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์‹ค์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
So what this tells us is that the real obstacle is not ability,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
and it's not circumstances.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
17:25
It's something much simpler.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
Making big changes involves taking big risks,
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ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
17:31
and taking big risks is scary.
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ํฐ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ถ€๋‹ด์€ ๋ฌด์„ญ์ฃ .
17:34
Overcoming that fear requires guts,
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๊ทธ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฐ์งฑ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
17:37
and as you all know,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
17:39
gutsy politicians are painfully rare.
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๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๋“œ๋ฌผ์–ด์š”.
17:43
But that doesn't mean we voters
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํˆฌํ‘œ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ •์น˜ ์น˜๋„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
17:45
can't demand courage from our political leaders.
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์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
I mean, that's why we put them in office in the first place.
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์• ์ดˆ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ์ค€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
17:51
And given the state of the world today, there's really no other option.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ •์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ์ •๋ง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
17:55
The answers are out there,
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์ •๋‹ต์€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
but now it's up to us
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
18:01
to elect more women and men
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์šฉ๊ฐํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด
18:03
brave enough to find them,
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์„ ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ 
18:06
to steal them
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์„œ
18:07
and to make them work.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
18:09
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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