Do you really know why you do what you do? | Petter Johansson

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

So why do you think the rich should pay more in taxes?

Dakle, zašto smatrate da bi bogati trebalo da plaćaju veći porez?

Why did you buy the latest iPhone?

Zašto ste kupili poslednji ajfon?

Why did you pick your current partner?

Zašto ste odabrali trenutnog partnera?

And why did so many people vote for Donald Trump?

I zašto je toliko ljudi glasalo za Donalda Trampa?

What were the reasons, why did they do it?

Koji su razlozi, zašto su to uradili?

So we ask this kind of question all the time,

Dakle, slična pitanja stalno postavljamo,

and we expect to get an answer.

i očekujemo da dobijemo odgovor.

And when being asked, we expect ourselves to know the answer,

A kada nas upitaju, očekujemo od sebe da znamo odgovor,

to simply tell why we did as we did.

da prosto kažemo zašto smo uradili kako smo uradili.

But do we really know why?

Međutim, da li zaista znamo zašto?

So when you say that you prefer George Clooney to Tom Hanks,

Dakle, kada kažete da vam se više sviđa Džordž Kluni od Toma Henksa,

due to his concern for the environment,

zbog njegove brige za okolinu,

is that really true?

da li je to zaista istina?

So you can be perfectly sincere and genuinely believe

Možete da budete krajnje iskreni i da istinski verujete

that this is the reason that drives your choice,

da je to razlog iza vašeg izbora,

but to me, it may still feel like something is missing.

ali meni se i dalje može činiti da nešto nedostaje.

As it stands, due to the nature of subjectivity,

Poznato je da je zbog prirode subjektivnosti

it is actually very hard to ever prove that people are wrong about themselves.

zapravo veoma teško uopšte dokazati da ljudi greše o sebi.

So I'm an experimental psychologist,

Dakle, ja sam eksperimentalni psiholog,

and this is the problem we've been trying to solve in our lab.

i ovo je problem koji smo pokušali da rešimo u laboratoriji.

So we wanted to create an experiment

Hteli smo da osmislimo eksperiment

that would allow us to challenge what people say about themselves,

koji bi nam omogućio da dovedemo u pitanje ono što ljudi govore o sebi,

regardless of how certain they may seem.

bez obzira na to koliko ubeđenim se činili.

But tricking people about their own mind is hard.

Međutim, teško je obmanuti ljude o njihovom sopstvenom umu.

So we turned to the professionals.

Pa smo se obratili profesionalcima.

The magicians.

Mađioničarima.

So they're experts at creating the illusion of a free choice.

Oni su stručnjaci za stvaranje iluzije slobodnog izbora.

So when they say, "Pick a card, any card,"

Pa, kad kažu: "Izaberite kartu, bilo koju kartu",

the only thing you know is that your choice is no longer free.

jedino što znate je da vaš izbor više nije slobodan.

So we had a few fantastic brainstorming sessions

Pa smo imali nekoliko sjajnih sesija grupnog mozganja

with a group of Swedish magicians,

sa ekipom švedskih mađioničara,

and they helped us create a method

i pomogli su nam da osmislimo metod

in which we would be able to manipulate the outcome of people's choices.

kojim bismo bili u stanju da manipulišemo rezultatima ljudskih izbora.

This way we would know when people are wrong about themselves,

Tako bismo znali kada ljudi greše o sebi,

even if they don't know this themselves.

čak i kad sami nisu svesni toga.

So I will now show you a short movie showing this manipulation.

Dakle, sada ću da vam pokažem kratak film koji prikazuje ovu manipulaciju.

So it's quite simple.

Krajnje je prosto.

The participants make a choice,

Učesnici prave izbor,

but I end up giving them the opposite.

ali ja im na kraju dam suprotno od toga.

And then we want to see: How did they react, and what did they say?

A zatim smo želeli da vidimo: kako su reagovali i šta su rekli?

So it's quite simple, but see if you can spot the magic going on.

Krajnje je prosto, no vidite da li možete da zapazite čaroliju na delu.

And this was shot with real participants, they don't know what's going on.

A ovo je snimljeno sa pravim učesnicima, oni ne znaju šta se dešava.

(Video) Petter Johansson: Hi, my name's Petter.

(Video) Peter Johanson: Zdravo, zovem se Peter.

Woman: Hi, I'm Becka.

Žena: Zdravo, ja sam Beka.

PJ: I'm going to show you pictures like this.

PJ: Pokazaću ti slike slične ovoj.

And you'll have to decide which one you find more attractive.

A ti moraš da odlučiš koja ti se više sviđa.

Becka: OK.

Beka: U redu.

PJ: And then sometimes, I will ask you why you prefer that face.

PJ: A zatim ću povremeno da te pitam zašto ti se to lice više sviđa.

Becka: OK.

Beka: U redu.

PJ: Ready? Becka: Yeah.

PJ: Spremna? Beka: Da.

PJ: Why did you prefer that one?

PJ: Zašto ti se taj više sviđa?

Becka: The smile, I think.

Beka: Zbog osmeha, mislim.

PJ: Smile.

PJ: Osmeh.

Man: One on the left.

Čovek: Ona sleva.

Again, this one just struck me.

Opet, prosto ostavlja jači utisak.

Interesting shot.

Zanimljiva fotografija.

Since I'm a photographer, I like the way it's lit and looks.

Kako sam fotograf, sviđa mi se osvetljenje i kako izgleda.

Petter Johansson: But now comes the trick.

Peter Johanson: Međutim, sledi trik.

(Video) Woman 1: This one.

(Video) Žena 1: Ova.

PJ: So they get the opposite of their choice.

PJ: Dakle, dobijaju suprotno od onog što su odabrali.

And let's see what happens.

I pogledajmo šta će da se desi.

Woman 2: Um ...

Žena 2: Hm...

I think he seems a little more innocent than the other guy.

Mislim da izgleda malo nevinije od drugog momka.

Man: The one on the left.

Čovek: Ona sleva.

I like her smile and contour of the nose and face.

Sviđa mi se njen osmeh i konture nosa i lica.

So it's a little more interesting to me, and her haircut.

Pa mi je malo zanimljivija, kao i njena frizura.

Woman 3: This one.

Žena 3: Ova.

I like the smirky look better.

Više mi se sviđa mangupski izgled.

PJ: You like the smirky look better?

PJ: Više ti se sviđa mangupski izgled.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Woman 3: This one.

Žena 3: Ova.

PJ: What made you choose him?

PJ: Zašto si odabrala njega?

Woman 3: I don't know, he looks a little bit like the Hobbit.

Žena 3: Ne znam, malo više liči na Hobita.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

PJ: And what happens in the end

PJ: A šta se desi na kraju

when I tell them the true nature of the experiment?

kada im saopštim pravu prirodu eksperimenta.

Yeah, that's it. I just have to ask a few questions.

Da, to je to. Samo moram da vam postavim neka pitanja.

Man: Sure.

Čovek: Naravno.

PJ: What did you think of this experiment, was it easy or hard?

PJ: Šta msilite o ovom eksperimentu: da li je bio lak ili težak?

Man: It was easy.

Čovek: Bio je lak.

PJ: During the experiments,

PJ: Tokom eksperimenta,

I actually switched the pictures three times.

zapravo sam zamenio slike tri puta.

Was this anything you noticed?

Da li je to nešto što ste primetili?

Man: No. I didn't notice any of that.

Čovek: Ne. Nisam primetio ništa od toga.

PJ: Not at all? Man: No.

PJ: Uopšte? Čovek: Ne.

Switching the pictures as far as ...

Zamenili ste slike kao...

PJ: Yeah, you were pointing at one of them but I actually gave you the opposite.

PJ: Da, pokazivali ste na jednu, ali ja sam vam dao suprotnu.

Man: The opposite one. OK, when you --

Čovek: Suprotnu. U redu, kada ste -

No. Shows you how much my attention span was.

Ne. Pokazuje vam koliki mi je raspon pažnje.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

PJ: Did you notice that sometimes during the experiment

PJ: Da li si primetila da sam povremeno tokom eksperimenta

I switched the pictures?

zamenio slike?

Woman 2: No, I did not notice that.

Žena 2: Ne, nisam to primetila.

PJ: You were pointing at one, but then I gave you the other one.

PJ: Pokazivala si jednu, ali ja sam ti dao drugu.

No inclination of that happening?

Nemaš naznaku da se to dogodilo?

Woman 2: No.

Žena 2: Ne.

Woman 2: I did not notice.

Žena 2: Nisam primetila.

(Laughs)

(Smeje se)

PJ: Thank you.

PJ: Hvala.

Woman 2: Thank you.

Žena: Hvala.

PJ: U redu, verovatno ste shvatili do sad,

PJ: OK, so as you probably figured out now,

the trick is that I have two cards in each hand,

trik je da držim dve karte u svakoj ruci,

and when I hand one of them over,

a kada dodam jednu od njih,

the black one kind of disappears into the black surface on the table.

crna se nekako izgubi na crnoj površini stola.

So using pictures like this,

Dakle, upotrebom sličnih slika,

normally not more than 20 percent of the participants detect these tries.

obično ne više od 20% učesnika zapazi ovaj opit.

And as you saw in the movie,

I kao što ste videli na filmu,

when in the end we explain what's going on,

kada na kraju objasnimo šta se dešavalo,

they're very surprised and often refuse to believe the trick has been made.

veoma su iznenađeni i često odbijaju da veruju da je došlo do trika.

So this shows that this effect is quite robust and a genuine effect.

Dakle, ovo pokazuje da je dati efekat prilično snažan i autentičan.

But if you're interested in self-knowledge, as I am,

No, ako ste zainteresovani za samospoznaju kao ja,

the more interesting bit is,

zanimljiviji je deo,

OK, so what did they say when they explained these choices?

u redu, pa šta su rekli kada su objašnjavali ove izbore?

So we've done a lot of analysis

Pa smo uradili mnogo analiza

of the verbal reports in these experiments.

verbalnih izveštaja tokom ovih eksperimenata.

And this graph simply shows

A ovaj grafikon prosto pokazuje

that if you compare what they say in a manipulated trial

da ako uporedite šta kažu u manipulisanom opitu

with a nonmanipulated trial,

sa nemanipulisanim opitom,

that is when they explain a normal choice they've made

to jest kad objašnjavaju normalan izbor koji su napravili

and one where we manipulated the outcome,

i onaj u kom smo izmanipulisali rezultat,

we find that they are remarkably similar.

otkrili smo da su zapanjujuće slični.

So they are just as emotional, just as specific,

Dakle, jednako su emotivni, jednako specifični

and they are expressed with the same level of certainty.

i izraženi su istim nivoom ubeđenosti.

So the strong conclusion to draw from this

Pa je snažan zaključak koji smo izvukli iz ovoga

is that if there are no differences

to da ako nema razlike

between a real choice and a manipulated choice,

između stvarnog izbora i izmanipulisanog izbora,

perhaps we make things up all the time.

onda možda stalno izmišljamo stvari.

But we've also done studies

No radili smo i istraživanja

where we try to match what they say with the actual faces.

gde smo pokušali da povežemo to što su rekli sa stvarnim licima.

And then we find things like this.

I tad smo otkrili nešto slično ovome.

So here, this male participant, he preferred the girl to the left,

Dakle, ovde, muškom učesniku se više svidela devojka sleva,

he ended up with the one to the right.

završio je s onom zdesna.

And then, he explained his choice like this.

A onda je objasnio svoj izbor ovako.

"She is radiant.

"Ona zrači.

I would rather have approached her at the bar than the other one.

Pre bih prišao njoj u baru nego onoj drugoj.

And I like earrings."

I sviđaju mi se minđuše."

And whatever made him choose the girl on the left to begin with,

A zbog čega god da je odabrao devojku sleva u početku,

it can't have been the earrings,

nije moglo da bude zbog minđuša

because they were actually sitting on the girl on the right.

jer su one zapravo bile na devojci zdesna.

So this is a clear example of a post hoc construction.

Dakle, ovo je jasan primer post hoc konstrukcije.

So they just explained the choice afterwards.

Dakle, prosto su naknadno objasnili izbor.

So what this experiment shows is,

Dakle, šta nam ovaj eksperiment pokazuje,

OK, so if we fail to detect that our choices have been changed,

u redu, ako nismo u stanju da primetimo da su se naši izbori promenili,

we will immediately start to explain them in another way.

istog trena ćemo početi da ih objašnjavamo na drugi način.

And what we also found

A takođe smo otkrili

is that the participants often come to prefer the alternative,

da se učesnicima često posle više sviđa alternativa,

that they were led to believe they liked.

na koju smo ih naveli da im se sviđa.

So if we let them do the choice again,

Pa, ako im omogućimo da ponovo biraju,

they will now choose the face they had previously rejected.

odabraće lice koje su prethodno odbacili.

So this is the effect we call "choice blindness."

Ovo je efekat koji nazivamo "zaslepljenost izborom".

And we've done a number of different studies --

I uradili smo brojna različita istraživanja -

we've tried consumer choices,

isprobali smo izbore potrošača,

choices based on taste and smell and even reasoning problems.

izbore zasnovane na ukusu i mirisu, pa čak i probleme rezonovanja.

But what you all want to know is of course

Međutim, svi vi naravno želite da znate

does this extend also to more complex, more meaningful choices?

da li se ovo odnosi na složenije, smislenije izbore?

Like those concerning moral and political issues.

Poput onih koji se odnose na moralna i politička pitanja.

So the next experiment, it needs a little bit of a background.

Dakle, sledeći eksperiment, potreban je kratak uvod za njega.

So in Sweden, the political landscape

Dakle, u Švedskoj političkom scenom

is dominated by a left-wing and a right-wing coalition.

dominiraju koalicije levog i desnog krila.

And the voters may move a little bit between the parties within each coalition,

A glasači mogu pomalo prelaziti između partija unutar svake koalicije,

but there is very little movement between the coalitions.

ali veoma malo ima prelazaka između koalicija.

And before each elections,

A pre svakih izbora,

the newspapers and the polling institutes

novine i instituti za anketiranje

put together what they call "an election compass"

sastavljaju nešto što se zove "izborni komaps",

which consists of a number of dividing issues

koji se sastoji od niza pitanja koja izazivaju razdor,

that sort of separates the two coalitions.

koja na neki način razdvajaju dve koalicije.

Things like if tax on gasoline should be increased

Stvari poput da li treba uvećati porez na benzin

or if the 13 months of paid parental leave

ili da li bi 13 meseci porodiljskog

should be split equally between the two parents

trebalo podeliti ravnomerno između dva roditelja

in order to increase gender equality.

kako bi se uvećala rodna ravnopravnost.

So, before the last Swedish election,

Dakle, pre poslednjih švedskih izbora,

we created an election compass of our own.

napravili smo sopstveni izborni kompas.

So we walked up to people in the street

Pa smo prilazili ljudima na ulici

and asked if they wanted to do a quick political survey.

i pitali ih da li žele da ispune kratku političku anketu.

Pa smo im prvo tražili da se izjasne kako će da glasaju

So first we had them state their voting intention

between the two coalitions.

između dve koalicije.

Then we asked them to answer 12 of these questions.

Potom smo im tražili da odgovore na sledećih 12 pitanja.

They would fill in their answers,

Ispisali bi svoje odgovore,

and we would ask them to discuss,

a mi bismo tražili da diskutuju,

so OK, why do you think tax on gas should be increased?

dakle, u redu, zašto smatrate da bi trebalo uvećati porez na benzin?

And we'd go through the questions.

I prolazili bismo kroz pitanja.

Then we had a color coded template

Potom smo imali obojeni šablon

that would allow us to tally their overall score.

koji nam je omogućavao da izračunamo njihov ukupan zbir.

So this person would have one, two, three, four

Dakle, ova osoba je imala jedan, dva, tri, četiri,

five, six, seven, eight, nine scores to the left,

pet, šest, sedam, osam, devet poena levo,

so he would lean to the left, basically.

dakle on u suštini naginje levo.

And in the end, we also had them fill in their voting intention once more.

I na kraju smo im takođe ponovo tražili da napišu za koga nameravaju da glasaju.

But of course, there was also a trick involved.

Međutim, naravno tu smo takođe imali trik.

So first, we walked up to people,

Dakle, prvo bismo prilazili ljudima,

we asked them about their voting intention

pitali ih o glasačkim namerama,

and then when they started filling in,

a potom kad bi počeli da odgovoraju,

we would fill in a set of answers going in the opposite direction.

mi bismo popunili niz odgovora u suprotnom smeru.

We would put it under the notepad.

Stavili bismo ih ispod notesa.

And when we get the questionnaire,

A kada bismo dobili upitnik,

we would simply glue it on top of the participant's own answer.

prosto bismo zalepili naše odgovore preko odgovora učesnika.

So there, it's gone.

Dakle, eto, nema ga više.

And then we would ask about each of the questions:

A potom bismo pitali o svakom pitanju:

How did you reason here?

kako ste rezonovali ovde?

And they'll state the reasons,

A oni bi iznosili razloge,

together we will sum up their overall score.

zajedno bismo sabirali njihov ukupan zbir.

And in the end, they will state their voting intention again.

A potom bi na kraju ponovo iznosli glasačke namere.

So what we find first of all here,

Dakle, ovde smo pre svega otkrili

is that very few of these manipulations are detected.

da je veoma mali broj ovih manipulacija primećeno.

And they're not detected in the sense that they realize,

A nisu primećene u smislu da su oni shvatali:

"OK, you must have changed my answer,"

"U redu, mora da ste mi izmenili odgovor",

it was more the case that,

više se radilo o slučaju:

"OK, I must've misunderstood the question the first time I read it.

"U redu, mora da sam pogrešno razumeo pitanje prvi put kad sam čitao.

Can I please change it?"

Mogu li, molim vas, da ga izmenim?"

And even if a few of these manipulations were changed,

Čak iako je nekoliko ovih manipulacija izmenjeno,

the overall majority was missed.

velika većina nije.

So we managed to switch 90 percent of the participants' answers

Pa smo uspeli da prebacimo 90 procenata odgovora učesnika

from left to right, right to left, their overall profile.

od levo ka desno, od desno ka levo; njihov celokupan profil.

And what happens then when they are asked to motivate their choices?

A šta se desilo potom kada smo im tražili da opravdaju svoje izbore?

And here we find much more interesting verbal reports

I tu smo otkrili daleko zanimljivije verbalne izveštaje

than compared to the faces.

nego u poređenju sa licima.

People say things like this, and I'll read it to you.

Ljudi govore nešto poput ovoga, pročitaću vam.

So, "Large-scale governmental surveillance of email and internet traffic

Dakle: "Opsežan vladin nadzor imejlova i internet sobraćaja

ought to be permissible as means to combat international crime and terrorism."

bi trebalo omogućiti kao sredstvo borbe protiv međunardnog kriminala i terorizma."

"So you agree to some extent with this statement." "Yes."

"Dakle, slažete se u određenoj meri sa izjavom." "Da."

"So how did you reason here?"

"Dakle, kako ste rezonovali ovde?"

"Well, like, as it is so hard to get at international crime and terrorism,

"Pa, kao, pošto je teško izboriti se sa međunarodnim kriminalom i terorizmom,

I think there should be those kinds of tools."

smatram da bi slična oruđa trebalo da postoje."

And then the person remembers an argument from the newspaper in the morning.

A potom bi se osoba setila argumenta iz jutrošnjih novina.

"Like in the newspaper today,

"Kao u današnjim novinama

it said they can like, listen to mobile phones from prison,

kažu da kao mogu da prisluškuju mobilne telefone u zatvoru,

if a gang leader tries to continue his crimes from inside.

ukoliko vođa bande pokuša da nastavi svoj zločin iznutra.

And I think it's madness that we have so little power

I smatram da je nenormalno da imamo tako malo moći

that we can't stop those things

da sprečimo slične pojave,

when we actually have the possibility to do so."

kada zapravo imamo mogućnost da to uradimo."

And then there's a little bit back and forth in the end:

A potom bude tu oklevanja na kraju:

"I don't like that they have access to everything I do,

"Ne sviđa mi se što imaju pristup svemu što radim,

but I still think it's worth it in the long run."

ali i dalje smatram da se isplati na duže staze."

So, if you didn't know that this person

Dakle, ukoliko ne biste znali da je ova osoba

just took part in a choice blindness experiment,

upravo učestvovala u opitu zaslepljenosti izborom,

I don't think you would question

mislim da ne biste dovodili u pitanje

that this is the true attitude of that person.

to da je ovo istinski stav date osobe.

And what happens in the end, with the voting intention?

I šta se na kraju desi sa glasačkim namerama?

What we find -- that one is also clearly affected by the questionnaire.

Otkrili smo - da je i na to upitnik jasno uticao.

So we have 10 participants

Dakle, imamo 10 učesnika

shifting from left to right or from right to left.

koji su se prebacili sleva ka desno ili zdesna ka levo.

We have another 19 that go from clear voting intention

Imamo još 19 koji su prešli iz jasne glasačke namere

to being uncertain.

u neopredeljenost.

Some go from being uncertain to clear voting intention.

Neki pređu iz neopredeljenosti u jasnu glasačku nameru.

And then there is a number of participants staying uncertain throughout.

A potom tu je niz učesnika koji ostaju neopredeljeni sve vreme.

And that number is interesting

A taj broj je zanimljiv

because if you look at what the polling institutes say

jer ako pogledate šta anketni instituti govore

the closer you get to an election,

što se više bližite izborima,

the only people that are sort of in play

jedini ljudi koji su nekako u igri

are the ones that are considered uncertain.

su oni koje smatraju neopredeljenim.

But we show there is a much larger number

Ali mi pokazujemo da je mnogo veći broj

that would actually consider shifting their attitudes.

onih koji bi razmatrali izmenu svojih stavova.

And here I must point out, of course, that you are not allowed to use this

I ovde moram da istaknem, naravno, da vam nije dozvoljeno da ovo koristite

as an actual method to change people's votes

kao stvarni metod izmene glasova ljudi

before an election,

pre izbora,

and we clearly debriefed them afterwards

i jasno smo ih kasnije obavestili

and gave them every opportunity to change back

i dali im puno pravo da se vrate

to whatever they thought first.

na prvobitno razmišljanje.

But what this shows is that if you can get people

Međutim, ovo pokazuje da ako uspete da navedete ljude

to see the opposite view and engage in a conversation with themselves,

da sagledaju suprotan stav i da se uključe u razgovor sa sobom

that could actually make them change their views.

da ih tako zapravo možete navesti da izmene svoje stavove.

OK.

U redu.

So what does it all mean?

Šta sve ovo znači?

What do I think is going on here?

Šta ja mislim da se ovde dešava?

So first of all,

Dakle, pre svega,

a lot of what we call self-knowledge is actually self-interpretation.

mnogo toga što nazivamo samospoznajom je zapravo interpretacija o sebi.

So I see myself make a choice,

Dakle, uhvatim sebe kako pravim izbor

and then when I'm asked why,

a kad me potom upitaju zašto,

I just try to make as much sense of it as possible

prosto pokušavam da mu dam što je više smisla moguće

when I make an explanation.

prilikom obrazlaganja.

But we do this so quickly and with such ease

Međutim, radimo to toliko brzo i tolikom lakoćom

that we think we actually know the answer when we answer why.

da smatramo kako zapravo znamo odgovor kada nas upitaju zašto.

And as it is an interpretation,

A kako se radi o interpretaciji,

of course we sometimes make mistakes.

naravno da ponekad grešimo.

The same way we make mistakes when we try to understand other people.

Na isti način kao što grešimo kada pokušavamo da razumemo druge ljude.

So beware when you ask people the question "why"

Dakle, pazite kada ljudima postavljate pitanje "zašto"

because what may happen is that, if you asked them,

jer može da se desi, ako ih upitate:

"So why do you support this issue?"

"Dakle, zašto podržavate ovo pitanje?"

"Why do you stay in this job or this relationship?" --

"Zašto ostajete na ovom poslu ili u ovoj vezi?" -

what may happen when you ask why is that you actually create an attitude

ono što se može desiti kada upitate zašto je da zapravo kreirate stav

that wasn't there before you asked the question.

koji nije postojao pre nego što ste postavili pitanje.

And this is of course important in your professional life, as well,

A ovo je naravno važno i u vašem profesionalnom životu,

or it could be.

ili bi moglo da bude.

If, say, you design something and then you ask people,

Ako, recimo, dizajnirate nešto i potom upitate ljude:

"Why do you think this is good or bad?"

"Zašto ovo smatrate dobrim ili lošim?"

Or if you're a journalist asking a politician,

Ili ako ste novinar koji postavlja pitanje političaru:

"So, why did you make this decision?"

"Dakle, zašto ste doneli ovu odluku?"

Or if indeed you are a politician

Ili ako ste uistinu političar

and try to explain why a certain decision was made.

i pokušavate da objasnite zašto je donešena neka odluka.

So this may all seem a bit disturbing.

Dakle, sve ovo može da se čini malčice uznemirujuće.

But if you want to look at it from a positive direction,

Ali ako želite da ovo posmatrate iz pozitivnog ugla,

it could be seen as showing,

može se činiti kao da otkriva,

OK, so we're actually a little bit more flexible than we think.

u redu, dakle, svi smo mi zapravo malo fleksibilniji nego što mislimo.

We can change our minds.

Možemo da promenimo mišljenje.

Our attitudes are not set in stone.

Naši stavovi nisu zacementirani.

And we can also change the minds of others,

A možemo i da promenimo mišljenja drugih,

if we can only get them to engage with the issue

ako ih samo uspemo navesti da se unesu u pitanje

and see it from the opposite view.

i da ga sagledaju iz suprotnog ugla.

And in my own personal life, since starting with this research --

A u mom ličnom životu, otkad sam započeo ovo istraživanje -

So my partner and I, we've always had the rule

Dakle, moj partner i ja, oduvek smo imali pravilo

that you're allowed to take things back.

da možete da povučete izrečeno.

Just because I said I liked something a year ago,

Samo zato što sam prošle godine rekao da mi se nešto sviđa,

doesn't mean I have to like it still.

ne mora da znači da mi se i dalje sviđa.

And getting rid of the need to stay consistent

A oslobađanje od potrebe da ostanete dosledni

is actually a huge relief and makes relational life so mush easier to live.

je zapravo ogromno olakšanje zbog koga je zajednički život lakši.

Anyway, so the conclusion must be:

Kako god, dakle, zaključak mora da bude:

know that you don't know yourself.

znajte da ne poznajete sebe.

Or at least not as well as you think you do.

Ili bar ne tako dobro kao što mislite da poznajete.

Thanks.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)