How women in Pakistan are creating political change | Shad Begum

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

I'm here to tell you

Ovde sam da bih vam govorila

how change is happening at a local level in Pakistan,

o tome kako se promene dešavaju na lokalnom nivou u Pakistanu,

because women are finding their place in the political process.

jer žene pronalaze svoje mesto u političkom procesu.

I want to take you all on a journey to the place I was raised,

Htela bih da vas povedem na put do mesta u kome sam odrasla

northwest Pakistan, called Dir.

u severozapadnom Pakistanu, zvanom Dir.

Dir was founded in the 17th century.

Dir je osnovan u 17. veku.

It was a princely state until its merger with Pakistan in 1969.

Bio je kneževska država sve do spajanja sa Pakistanom 1969. godine.

Our prince, Nawab Shah Jahan, reserved the right to wear white,

Naš knez, Navab Šah Džahan, zadržao je pravo da nosi belo,

the color of honor, but only for himself.

boju časti, ali samo za sebe.

He didn't believe in educating his people.

Nije verovao u obrazovanje svog naroda.

And at the time of my birth in 1979,

U vreme mog rođenja 1979. godine,

only five percent of boys and one percent of girls

samo pet procenata dečaka i jedan procenat devojčica

received any schooling at all.

je išlo u bilo kakvu školu.

I was one among that one percent.

Ja sam bila obuhvaćena tim jednim procentom.

Growing up, I was very close to my father.

Kroz odrastanje sam bila veoma bliska sa svojim ocem.

He is a pharmacy doctor, and he sent me to school.

On je doktor farmacije i poslao me je u školu.

Every day, I would go to his clinic when my lessons finished.

Svakog dana bih išla u njegovu kliniku kada bih završila sa lekcijama.

He's a wonderful man and a well-respected community leader.

On je divan čovek i ugledan vođa zajednice.

He was leading a welfare organization,

Vodio je socijalnu organizaciju,

and I would go with him to the social and political gatherings

a ja bih išla s njim na društvena i politička okupljanja

to listen and talk to the local men about our social and economic problems.

da slušam i pričam sa lokalnim muškarcima

o našim socijalnim i ekonomskim problemima.

However, when I was 16,

Međutim, kada sam napunila 16 godina,

my father asked me to stop coming with him to the public gatherings.

otac me je zamolio da prestanem da dolazim sa njim na javne skupove.

Now, I was a young woman, and my place was in the home.

Kao devojci, moje mesto je bilo kod kuće.

I was very upset.

Bila sam vrlo uznemirena.

But most of my family members, they were happy with this decision.

Ali većina mojih članova porodice je bila zadovoljna odlukom.

It was very difficult for me

Za mene je bilo vrlo teško

to sit back in the home and not be involved.

da sedim kod kuće i ne uključujem se.

It took two years

Prošle su dve godine

that finally my family agreed that my father could reconnect me

dok se moja porodica konačno nije složila da otac treba da me ponovo poveže

with women and girls,

sa ženama i devojkama,

so they could share their problems and together we could resolve them.

tako da one mogu da iznesu svoje probleme da bismo ih zajedno rešile.

So, with his blessings,

Tako sam, uz njegov blagoslov,

I started to reconnect with women and girls

počela da se ponovo povezujem sa ženama i devojkama

so we could resolve their problems together.

kako bismo zajedno rešile njihove probleme.

When women show up,

Kada se žene pojave,

they bring their realities and views with them.

sa sobom ponesu svoju stvarnost i gledišta.

And yet, I have found all too often,

A ipak, previše često bih otkrila

women underestimate their own strength,

da žene potcenjuju svoju snagu,

their potential and their self-respect.

svoj potencijal i samopoštovanje.

However, while connecting with these women and girls,

Međutim, dok sam se povezivala sa ovim ženama i devojkama,

it became very clear to me

postalo mi je vrlo jasno da,

that if there was to be any hope to create a better life

kako bi uopšte bilo nade u bolji život

for these women and girls and their families,

za ove žene, devojke i njihove porodice,

we must stand up for our own rights --

moramo ustati u odbranu svojih prava,

and not wait for someone else to come and help us.

a ne čekati da neko drugi dođe i pomogne nam.

So I took a huge leap of faith

Tako sam učinila ogroman korak u nepoznato

and founded my own organization in '94

i osnovala svoju organizacju 1994. godine

to create our very own platform for women empowerment.

kako bih stvorila našu platformu za osnaživanje žena.

I engaged many women and girls to work with me.

Pokrenula sam mnoge žene i devojke da rade sa mnom.

It was hard.

Bilo je teško.

Many of the women working with me had to leave once they got married,

Mnoge žene koje su radile sa mnom morale su da odu kada su se udale

because their husbands wouldn't let them work.

jer im muževi nisu dozvolili da rade.

One colleague of mine was given away by her family

Jednu moju koleginicu je porodica dala

to make amends for a crime her brother had committed.

radi iskupljenja za zločin koji je počinio njen brat.

I couldn't help her.

Nisam mogla da joj pomognem.

And I felt so helpless at that time.

Osećala sam se tako bespomoćno u to vreme.

But it made me more determined to continue my struggle.

Ali zbog toga sam postala još odlučnija da nastavim borbu.

I saw many practices like these,

Videla sam mnogo takvih običaja,

where these women suffered silently, bearing this brutality.

gde su žene tiho patile i trpele brutalnost.

But when I see a woman

Ali, kada vidim ženu

struggling to change her situation instead of giving up,

koja se bori da promeni svoju situaciju umesto da odustane,

it motivates me.

to me motiviše.

So I ran for a public office

Zato sam se kandidovala za javnu funkciju

as an independent candidate in Lower Dir

kao nezavisni kandidat u Donjem Diru

in the local elections in 2001.

na lokalnim izborima 2001. godine.

Despite all the challenges and hurdles I faced throughout this process, I won.

Uprkos svim izazovima i preprekama

sa kojima sam se suočila tokom ovog procesa, pobedila sam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And I served in the public office for six years.

Bila sam na javnoj funkciji šest godina.

But unfortunately,

Ali, nažalost,

we women, elected women,

nama, ženama, izglasanim ženama,

we were not allowed to sit in the council together with all the members

nije dozvoljeno da sedimo u savetu zajedno sa ostalim članovima

and to take part in the proceedings.

i učestvujemo u procedurama.

We had to sit in a separate, ladies-only room,

Morale smo da sedimo u odvojenoj, ženskoj sobi,

not even aware what was happening in the council.

bez saznanja o tome šta se dešava u savetu.

Men told me

Muškarci su mi govorili:

that, "You women, elected women members,

„Vi, žene, izglasane članice,

should buy sewing machines for women."

treba da kupite ženama mašine za šivenje.“

When I knew what they needed the most was access to clean drinking water.

A znala sam da im najviše treba pristup čistoj pijaćoj vodi.

So I did everything I could do

Radila sam sve što sam mogla

to prioritize the real challenges these women faced.

radi davanja prioriteta stvarnim izazovima sa kojima se ove žene suočavaju.

I set up five hand pumps in the two dried up wells in my locality.

Postavila sam pet ručnih pumpi u dva isušena bunara u mom kraju.

Well, we got them working again.

Uspeli smo u tome da ponovo prorade.

Before long, we made water accessible for over 5,000 families.

Ubrzo smo učinili vodu dostupnom za više od 5 000 porodica.

We proved that anything the men could do,

Dokazali smo da sve što mogu muškarci,

so could we women.

mogu i žene.

I built alliances with other elected women members,

Sklopila sam saveze sa drugim izabranim članicama,

and last year,

i prošle godine

we women were allowed to sit together with all the members in the council.

je nama, ženama, dozvoljeno da sedimo sa ostalim članovima saveta.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And to take part in the legislation and planning and budgeting,

I da učestvujemo u zakonodavstvu, planiranju i određivanju budžeta,

in all the decisions.

u svim odlukama.

I saw there is strength in numbers.

Videla sam da postoji snaga u brojčanosti.

You know yourselves.

Poznajete sebe.

Lack of representation means no one is fighting for you.

Manjak zastupljenosti znači da se niko ne bori za vas.

Pakistan is --

Pakistan je -

We're 8,000 miles away from where I'm here with you today.

Mi smo 13 000 km udaljeni od mesta na kome sam danas sa vama.

But I hope what I'm about to tell you will resonate with you,

Ali nadam se da ćete razumeti ono što ću vam reći,

though we have this big distance in miles and in our cultures.

iako je među nama tako velika udaljenost, prostorna i kulturološka.

When women show up,

Kada se žene pojave,

they bring the realities and hopes of half a population with them.

one sa sobom donesu stvarnost i nadanja polovine populacije.

In 2007, we saw the rise of the Taliban

Godine 2007, videli smo uspon Talibana

in Swat, Dir and nearby districts.

u Svatu, Diru i obližnjim okruzima.

It was horrifying.

Bilo je užasno.

The Taliban killed innocent people.

Talibani su ubijali nedužne ljude.

Almost every day,

Skoro svakog dana,

people collected the dead bodies of their loved ones from the streets.

ljudi su sa ulice sakupljali mrtva tela svojih najmilijih.

Most of the social and political leaders

Većini društvenih i političkih lidera,

struggling and working for the betterment of their communities

boraca za dobrobit svojih zajednica,

were threatened and targeted.

pretili su i držali su ih na nišanu.

Even I had to leave,

Čak sam i ja morala da odem

leaving my children behind with my in-laws.

i ostavim decu sa muževljevom porodicom.

I closed my office in Dir and relocated to Peshawar,

Zatvorila sam kancelariju u Diru i preselila je u Pešavar,

the capital of my province.

glavni grad moje pokrajine.

I was in trauma, kept thinking what to do next.

Bila sam istraumirana i stalno se pitala šta da radim.

And most of the family members and friends

Većina članova porodice i prijatelja

were suggesting, "Shad, stop working.

mi je govorila: „Šad, prestani da radiš.

The threat is very serious."

Pretnja je vrlo ozbiljna.“

But I persisted.

Ali, istrajala sam.

In 2009, we experienced a historic influx of internally displaced persons,

Godine 2009. smo doživeli istorijski priliv interno raseljenih lica

from Swat, Dir and other nearby districts.

iz Svata, Dira i drugih obližnjih okruga.

I started visiting the camps almost every day,

Počela sam da posećujem kampove skoro svaki dan,

until the internally displaced persons

sve dok interno raseljena lica

started to go back to their place of origin.

nisu počela da se vraćaju odakle su potekli.

I established four mother-child health care units,

Osnovala sam četiri jedinice za zdravstvenu zaštitu majke i dece,

especially to take care of over 10,000 women and children

naročito da bih se pobrinula za više od 10 000 žena i dece

nearby the camps.

u blizini kampova.

But you know, during all these visits,

Ali, znate, tokom svih tih poseta,

I observed that there was very little attention towards women's needs.

primetila sam da se nije mnogo pažnje obraćalo na potrebe žena.

And I was looking for what is the reason behind it.

Tražila sam razlog tome.

And I found it was because of the underrepresentation of women

Otkrila sam da je to zbog nedovoljne zastupljenosti žena

in both social and political platforms, in our society as a whole.

na društvenim i političkim platformama, kao i u našem društvu u celini.

And that was the time when I realized

I tada sam shvatila

that I need to narrow down my focus

da treba da suzim fokus

on building and strengthening women's political leadership

na izgradnju i jačanje političkog rukovodstva žena

to increase their political representation,

kako bih povećala njihovu političku zastupljenost,

so they would have their own voice in their future.

da bi mogle da izraze svoje mišljenje u budućnosti.

So we started training around 300 potential women and youth

Zato smo počeli sa obukom oko 300 potencijalnih žena i mladih

for the upcoming local elections in 2015.

za predstojeće lokalne izbore 2015. godine.

And you know what?

I znate šta?

Fifty percent of them won.

Pedeset posto njih je pobedilo.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And they are now sitting in the councils,

Sada sede u savetima

taking part actively in the legislation, planning and budgeting.

i aktivno učestvuju u zakonodavstvu, planiranju i određivanju budžeta.

Most of them are now investing their funds

Većina njih sada ulaže svoja sredstva

on women's health, education, skill development and safe drinking water.

u zdravlje žena, obrazovanje, razvoj veština i pitku vodu.

All these elected women now

Danas sve te izglasane žene

share, discuss and resolve their problems together.

iznose, razmatraju i rešavaju svoje probleme zajedno.

Let me tell you about two of the women I have been working with:

Da vam ispričam o dvema ženama sa kojima sam radila.

Saira Shams.

Sajra Šams.

You can see, this young lady, age 26,

Vidite, ova mlada dama, stara 26 godina,

she ran for a public office in 2015 in Lower Dir, and she won.

kandidovala se za javnu funkciju 2015. godine u Donjem Diru i pobedila.

She completed two of the community infrastructure schemes.

Završila je dve šeme infrastrukture u zajednici.

You know, women, community infrastructure schemes ...

Znate, žene, šeme infrastrukture u zajednici...

Some people think this is men's job.

Neki misle da je to muški posao.

But no, this is women's job, too, we can do it.

Ne, to je i ženski posao; mi to možemo.

And she also fixed two of the roads leading towards girls schools,

Takođe je popravila dva puta koja vode ka školama za devojčice,

knowing that without access to these schools,

znajući da su, bez pristupa ovim školama,

they are useless to the girls of Dir.

one beskorisne za devojčice iz Dira.

And another young woman is Asma Gul.

Druga mlada dama je Asma Gul.

She is a very active member of the young leaders forum we established.

Ona je veoma aktivna članica foruma mladih lidera koji smo osnovali.

She was unable to run for the public office,

Nije mogla da se kandiduje za javnu funkciju,

so she has become the first female journalist of our region.

pa je postala prva novinarka naše regije.

She speaks and writes for women's and girls' issues and their rights.

Govori i piše o problemima i pravima žena i devojčica.

Saira and Asma, they are the living examples

Sajra i Asma su živi dokazi

of the importance of inclusion and representation.

koji govore o značaju uključenosti i zastupljenosti.

Let me tell you this, too.

Reći ću vam i ovo.

In the 2013 general elections in Pakistan

Na opštim izborima u Pakistanu 2013. godine

and the local elections in 2015,

i na lokalnim izborima 2015. godine,

there were less than 100 women voters in Dir.

u Diru je bilo manje od 100 ženskih glasača.

But you know what?

Ali, znate šta?

I'm proud to tell you that this year, during the general elections,

Sa ponosom vam mogu reći da je ove godine, na opštim izborima,

there were 93,000 women voters in Dir.

bilo 93 000 žena glasača u Diru.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

So our struggle is far from over.

Naša borba je daleko od kraja.

But this shift is historic.

Ali ovo je istorijska promena.

And a sign that women are standing up, showing up and making it absolutely clear

To je znak da žene ustaju, istupaju i jasno naglašavaju

that we all must invest in building women's leadership.

da svi moramo da ulažemo u izgradnju liderstva žena.

In Pakistan and here in the United States,

U Pakistanu, ovde u Sjedinjenim Državama

and everywhere in the world,

i svuda u svetu,

this means women in politics, women in business

to podrazumeva žene u politici, žene u poslovnom svetu

and women in positions of power making important decisions.

i žene na položajima moći na kojima donose važne odluke.

It took me 23 years to get here.

Meni je trebalo 23 godine da stignem dovde.

But I don't want any girl or any woman

Ali ne želim da nijednoj devojci ili ženi

to take 23 years of her life to make herself heard.

treba 23 godine života da bi je saslušali.

I have had some dark days.

Proživela sam neke mračne dane.

But I have spent every waking moment of my life

Ali provela sam svaki svoj trenutak na javi

working for the right of every woman to live her full potential.

boreći se za pravo svih žena da ostvare svoj pun potencijal.

Imagine with me a world

Zamislite sa mnom svet

where thousands of us stand up

u kome hiljade nas ustanemo

and they support other young women together,

i zajedno podržimo druge mlade žene

creating opportunities and choices that benefit all.

i time stvorimo prilike i mogućnosti koje koriste svima.

And that, my friends, can change the world.

A to, prijatelji moji, može promeniti svet.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)