Liz Diller: A giant bubble for debate

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Milenka Okuka

We conventionally divide space

Obično prostor delimo

into private and public realms,

na privatni i javni domen,

and we know these legal distinctions very well

a ovu pravnu razliku poznajemo veoma dobro

because we've become experts

jer smo postali stručnjaci

at protecting our private property and private space.

u branjenju privatnog poseda i privatnog prostora.

But we're less attuned

Ali manje smo priviknuti

to the nuances of the public.

na iznijansiranost javnog.

What translates generic public space into qualitative space?

Šta pretvara običan javni prostor u kvalitativni prostor?

I mean, this is something

Mislim, ovo je nešto

that our studio has been working on

na čemu je naš studio radio

for the past decade.

proteklu deceniju.

And we're doing this through some case studies.

Ovo radimo kroz neke studije slučaja.

A large chunk of our work

Veliki deo našeg rada

has been put into transforming

odnosi se na pretvaranje

this neglected industrial ruin

ove zanemarene industrijske ruševine

into a viable post-industrial space

u održiv post-industrijski prostor

that looks forward and backward

koji izgleda napredno i nazadno

u isto vreme.

at the same time.

Drugi veliki deo našeg posla

And another huge chunk of our work

has gone into making relevant

odnosio se na to da učinimo bitnim

a site that's grown out of sync with its time.

mesto koje više nije u duhu svog vremena.

We've been working on democratizing Lincoln Center

Radili smo na demokratizaciji centra Linkoln

for a public that doesn't usually have $300

za javnost koja uglavnom nema 300 dolara

to spend on an opera ticket.

za kartu za operu.

So we've been eating, drinking,

Tako da već duže vreme jedemo, pijemo, mislimo i živimo javni prostor.

thinking, living public space

for quite a long time.

And it's taught us really one thing,

To nas je naučilo jednoj stvari,

and that is to truly make good public space,

da bi zaista napravili dobar javni prostor,

you have to erase the distinctions

moraju se obrisati razlike

between architecture, urbanism,

između arhitekture, urbanizma,

landscape, media design

pejzaža, dizajna medija

and so on.

i tako dalje.

It really goes beyond distinction.

To ide dalje od razlika.

Now we're moving onto Washington, D.C.

Sada se selimo u Vašington

and we're working on another transformation,

i radimo na još jednoj transformaciji,

and that is for the existing Hirshhorn Museum

postojećeg Muzeja Hiršhorn,

that's sited

koji se nalazi

on the most revered public space in America,

na nacenjenijem javnom mestu Amerike,

the National Mall.

u Nacionalnom tržnom centru.

The Mall is a symbol

Centar je simbol

of American democracy.

američke demokratije.

And what's fantastic is that this symbol

Fantastično je to da ovaj simbol

is not a thing, it's not an image,

nije stvar, nije slika,

it's not an artifact,

nije artefakt,

actually it's a space,

zapravo je prostor

and it's kind of just defined by a line of buildings

i kao da ga definišu samo linije zgrada

on either side.

sa obe strane.

It's a space where citizens can voice their discontent

To je prostor gde građani mogu da izraze svoje neslaganje

and show their power.

i prikažu svoju moć.

It's a place where pivotal moments in American history

To je mesto gde su se događali

have taken place.

ključni trenuci američke istorije.

And they're inscribed in there forever --

A oni su tu zapisani zauvek -

like the march on Washington for jobs and freedom

poput marša na Vašington za poslove i slobodu

and the great speech that Martin Luther King gave there.

i velikog govora koji je Martin Luter King tu održao.

The Vietnam protests, the commemoration of all that died

Protesti protiv Vijetnama, sećanje na sve umrle

in the pandemic of AIDS,

u epidemiji AIDS-a,

the march for women's reproductive rights,

marš za prava žena na rađanje,

right up until almost the present.

sve do današnjice.

The Mall is the greatest civic stage

Centar je najveća građanska scena

in this country for dissent.

za neslaganje u ovoj zemlji.

And it's synonymous with free speech,

On je sinonim slobodnog govora,

even if you're not sure what it is that you have to say.

čak i kada niste sigurni šta tačno želite da kažete.

It may just be a place for civic commiseration.

Možda je to samo mesto za građansku solidarnost.

There is a huge disconnect, we believe,

Verujemo da postoji velika nepovezanost

between the communicative and discursive space of the Mall

između komunikativnog i razgovornog prostora Centra

and the museums that line it to either side.

i muzeja koji se nadovezuju sa obe strane.

And that is that those museums are usually passive,

Ona je predstavljena u tome što su ti muzeji obično pasivni,

they have passive relationships between the museum

imaju pasivne veze između muzeja,

as the presenter and the audience,

kao izlagača, i publike,

as the receiver of information.

kao primaoca informacija.

And so you can see dinosaurs

Tako možete videti dinosauruse,

and insects and collections of locomotives

insekte i zbirke lokomotiva

and all of that,

i sve to,

but you're really not involved;

ali zapravo niste uključeni,

you're being talked to.

vama pričaju.

When Richard Koshalek took over as director of the Hirshhorn

Kada je 2009. Ričard Košalek

in 2009,

preuzeo Hiršhorn kao direktor,

he was determined to take advantage

bio je odlučan da iskoristi činjenicu

of the fact that this museum was sited

da se ovaj muzej nalazi

at the most unique place:

na veoma jedinstvenom mestu:

at the seat of power in the U.S.

na sedištu moći u SAD.

And while art and politics

I dok su umetnost i politika

are inherently and implicitly together always and all the time,

prirodno i implicitno uvek zajedno,

there could be some very special relationship

možda postoji neka veoma posebna veza

that could be forged here in its uniqueness.

koja se ovde može stvoriti iz te posebnosti.

The question is, is it possible ultimately

Pitanje je: da li je na kraju moguće

for art to insert itself

da se umetnost ubaci

into the dialogue of national and world affairs?

u dijalog o nacionalnim i svetskim pitanjima?

And could the museum be an agent of cultural diplomacy?

Može li muzej da bude agens kulturne diplomatije?

There are over 180 embassies in Washington D.C.

U Vašingtonu postoji preko 180 ambasada.

There are over 500 think tanks.

Preko 500 grupa za ideje.

There should be a way

Treba da postoji način

of harnessing all of that intellectual and global energy

da se iskoristi taj intelekt i globalna energija

into, and somehow through, the museum.

u muzej, i nekako kroz njega.

There should be some kind of brain trust.

Treba da postoji nekakav trust mozgova.

So the Hirshhorn, as we began to think about it,

Kako smo krenuli da razmišljamo o Hiršhornu

and as we evolved the mission,

i kako se misija razvijala,

with Richard and his team --

sa Ričardom i njegovim timom -

it's really his life blood.

to je njegova žila kucavica.

But beyond exhibiting contemporary art,

Ali pored izlaganja savremene umetnosti,

the Hirshhorn will become a public forum,

Hiršhorn će postati javni forum,

a place of discourse

mesto za razgovor

for issues around arts,

o pitanjima koja se tiču umetnosti,

culture, politics and policy.

kulture, politike i zakona.

It would have the global reach of the World Economic Forum.

Imao bi globani uticaj kao Svetski ekonomski forum.

It would have the interdisciplinarity of the TED Conference.

Imao bi interdisciplinarnost TED konferencije.

Imao bi neformalnost gradskog trga.

It would have the informality of the town square.

And for this new initiative,

Za ovu novu inicijativu,

the Hirshhorn would have to expand

Hiršhorn bi morao da se proširi

or appropriate a site

ili zauzme mesto

for a contemporary, deployable structure.

za savremenu strukturu koja može da se premešta.

This is it. This is the Hirshhorn --

To je to. Ovo je Hiršhorn -

so a 230-foot-diameter concrete doughnut

betonska krofna prečnika 70 metara

designed in the early '70s

koju je početkom 70-tih

by Gordon Bunshaft.

dizajnirao Gordon Banšaft.

It's hulking, it's silent,

Nezgrapan je, tih,

it's cloistered, it's arrogant,

zatvoren, arogantan,

it's a design challenge.

izazov za dizajniranje.

Architects love to hate it.

Arhitekte vole da ga mrze.

One redeeming feature

Pozitivna osobina

is it's lifted up off the ground

je to što je uzdignut od zemlje

and it's got this void,

i ima ovu prazninu

and it's got an empty core

i šuplje jezgro,

kind of in the spirit and that facade

nekako u duhu, i tu fasadu

very much corporate and federal style.

u poslovnom i federalnom stilu.

And around that space,

Oko tog prostora,

the ring is actually galleries.

prsten je zapravo galerija.

Very, very difficult to mount shows in there.

Tamo je veoma teško postaviti izložbe.

When the Hirshhorn opened,

Kada se Hiršhorn otvorio,

Ada Luis Hakstabl, kritičarka Njujork Tajmsa,

Ada Louise Huxstable, the New York Times critic,

imala je da kaže sledeće:

had some choice words:

"Neo-penitentiary modern."

"novozatvorski moderno".

"A maimed monument and a maimed Mall

"Osakaćen spomenik i osakaćen Centar

for a maimed collection."

za osakaćenu zbirku dela".

Almost four decades later,

Skoro četiri decenije kasnije,

how will this building expand

kako će se ova zgrada proširiti

for a new progressive program?

za novi progresivni program?

Where would it go?

Kuda bi mogla da ode?

Ne može da ide u Centar.

It can't go in the Mall.

There is no space there.

Tamo nema prostora.

It can't go in the courtyard.

Ne može da ide u dvorište.

It's already taken up by landscape and by sculptures.

Već je zauzeto pejzažom i skulpturama.

Well there's always the hole.

Tu je uvek rupa.

But how could it take the space of that hole

Ali kako bi zauzeo prostor te rupe

and not be buried in it invisibly?

a da ne bude pokopan i nevidljiv?

How could it become iconic?

Kako da postane nešto kultno?

And what language would it take?

I na kom jeziku bi bio?

The Hirshhorn sits among the Mall's monumental institutions.

Hiršhorn je među najčuvenijim institucijama Centra.

Most are neoclassical, heavy and opaque,

Većina njih su neoklasične, teške i neprozirne,

made of stone or concrete.

od kamena i betona.

And the question is,

Pitanje je,

if one inhabits that space,

ako neko nastani taj prostor,

what is the material of the Mall?

od kog materijala bi bio Centar?

It has to be different from the buildings there.

Mora da bude drugačiji od tamošnjih zgrada.

It has to be something entirely different.

Mora da bude nešto potpuno drugačije.

It has to be air.

Mora da bude vazduh.

In our imagination, it has to be light.

U našoj mašti, to mora da bude svetlost.

It has to be ephemeral. It has to be formless.

Mora da bude kratkotrajno. Bez oblika.

I mora da bude besplatno.

And it has to be free.

(Video)

(Video)

So this is the big idea.

Ovo je velika ideja.

It's a giant airbag.

To je ogromni vazudšni jastuk.

The expansion takes the shape of its container

Širenjem dobija oblik suda

and it oozes out wherever it can --

i istiska se gde god može -

the top and sides.

sa vrha i sa strana.

But more poetically,

Ali što je više pesnički,

we like to think of the structure

o strukturi volimo da mislimo

as inhaling the democratic air of the Mall,

kao da udiše demokratski vazduh Centra

bringing it into itself.

i unosi ga u sebe.

The before and the after.

Pre i posle.

It was dubbed "the bubble" by the press.

Štampa ga je nazvala mehurom.

That was the lounge.

To je bio salon.

It's basically one big volume of air

To je velika zapremina vazduha

that just oozes out in every direction.

koji izlazi na sve strane.

The membrane is translucent.

Membrana je providna.

It's made of silcon-coated glass fiber.

Napravljena je od staklenih vlakana prekrivenih silikonom.

And it's inflated twice a year for one month at a time.

Naduvava se dvaput godišnje po mesec dana.

This is the view from the inside.

Ovo je pogled iznutra.

So you might have been wondering

Možda se pitate

how in the world

kako smo, zaboga,

did we get this approved by the federal government.

od savezne vlade dobili dozvolu za ovo.

It had to be approved by actually two agencies.

Zapravo, ovo su morale da odobre dve agencije.

And one is there to preserve

Jedna je tu da očuva

the dignity and sanctity of the Mall.

dostojanstvo i svetost centra.

I blush whenever I show this.

Pocrvenim svaki put kada ovo pokažem.

It is yours to interpret.

Na vama je da ga protumačite.

But one thing I can say

Ali mogu da kažem

is that it's a combination

da je to kombinacija

of iconoclasm

ikonoklastije

and adoration.

i obožavanja.

There was also some creative interpretation involved.

Bilo je tu i kreativnog tumačenja.

The Congressional Buildings Act of 1910

Član o kongresnim zgradama iz 1910.

limits the height of buildings in D.C.

ograničava visinu zgrada u Vašingtonu

to 130 feet,

na 50 metara,

except for spires, towers, domes and minarets.

osim za šiljate kule, tornjeve, kupole i minarete.

This pretty much exempts monuments of the church and state.

Ovim se otprilike izuzimaju spomenici crkava i države.

And the bubble is 153 ft.

A mehur ima 46 metara.

That's the Pantheon next to it.

To pored njega je Panteon.

It's about 1.2 million cubic feet of compressed air.

To je oko 34 000 kubnih metara kompresovanovog vazduha.

And so we argued it

Tako da smo tvrdili

on the merits of being a dome.

da je to kupola.

So there it is,

Eto ga,

very stately,

veoma svečanog,

among all the stately buildings in the Mall.

među svim svečanim zgradama u Centru.

And while this Hirshhorn is not landmarked,

Iako Hiršhorn nije obeležen kao značajan,

it's very, very historically sensitive.

veoma je istorijski osetljiv.

Tako da nismo zapravo mogli da dodirujemo njegove površine.

And so we couldn't really touch its surfaces.

We couldn't leave any traces behind.

Nismo smeli da ostavljamo nikakve tragove.

So we strained it from the edges,

Tako da smo mu ivice zategli

and we held it by cables.

i pridržavali ga kablovima.

It's a study of some bondage techniques,

To je istraživanje nekih tehnika vezivanja,

which are actually very important

koje je zapravo veoma bitno

because it's hit by wind all the time.

jer ga vetar stalno udara.

Postoji jedan trajni čelični prsten na vrhu,

There's one permanent steel ring at the top,

but it can't be seen from any vantage point on the Mall.

ali ne može se videti ni sa jedne tačke u Centru.

There are also some restrictions

Takođe postoje neka ograničenja

about how much it could be lit.

u vezi sa tim koliko sme biti osvetljen.

It glows from within, it's translucent.

Sija iznutra, providan je.

But it can't be more lit than the Capitol

Ali ne može da sija više od zgrade Kongresa

or some of the monuments.

ili nekih spomenika.

So it's down the hierarchy on lighting.

Tako da je niže u hijerarhiji osvetljenja.

Na mesto dolazi dvaput godišnje.

So it comes to the site twice a year.

It's taken off the delivery truck.

Odnosi ga kamion za dostavu.

It's hoisted.

Diže se.

And then it's inflated

Onda se naduvava

with this low-pressure air.

vazduhom niskog pritiska.

And then it's restrained with the cables.

Onda se veže kablovima.

And then it's ballasted with water at the very bottom.

Onda se na samom dnu postavlja voda kao balast.

This is a very strange moment

Ovo je veoma čudan trenutak

where we were asked by the bureaucracy at the Mall

kad su nas iz pravne službe centra

how much time would it take to install.

pitali koliko vremena je potrebno da se mehur postavi.

And we said, well the first erection would take one week.

Rekli smo da će postavljanje prvo trajati jednu nedelju.

And they really connected with that idea.

Zaista im je legla ta ideja.

And then it was really easy all the way through.

Onda je sve išlo glatko.

So we didn't really have that many hurdles, I have to say,

Moram da kažem da zaista nismo imali toliko prepreka,

with the government and all the authorities.

sa vladom i vlastima.

But some of the toughest hurdles

Ali neke od najtežih prepreka

have been the technical ones.

bile su tehničke prirode.

This is the warp and weft.

Ovo je tkanje.

This is a point cloud.

Ovo je oblak sa tačkama podataka.

There are extreme pressures.

Ovo su ekstremni pritisci.

This is a very, very unusual building

Ovo je veoma neobična zgrada

jer nema opterećenja gravitacije,

in that there's no gravity load,

ali ima opterećenja u svakom pravcu.

but there's load in every direction.

And I'm just going to zip through these slides.

Samo ću da preletim kroz slajdove.

And this is the space in action.

Ovo je prostor u akciji.

So flexible interior for discussions,

Fleksibilna unutrašnjost za diskusiju,

just like this, but in the round --

baš kao ovo, ali okruglog oblika -

luminous and reconfigurable.

svetao i promenjivog oblika.

Could be used for anything,

Može se koristiti za bilo šta,

for performances, films,

nastupe, filmove,

for installations.

instalacije.

And the very first program

Prvi program ticaće se

will be one of cultural dialogue and diplomacy

kulturnog dijaloga i diplomatije

organized in partnership

i organizovan je u partnerstvu

with the Council on Foreign Relations.

sa Savetom za međunarodne odnose.

Form and content are together here.

Forma i sadržaj su ovde zajedno.

The bubble is an anti-monument.

Mehur je anti-spomenik.

The ideals of participatory democracy

Ideje demokratije učešća

are represented through suppleness

predstavljene su kroz popustljivost

rather than rigidity.

umesto kroz čvrstinu.

Art and politics

Umetnost i politika

occupy an ambiguous site outside the museum walls,

imaju dvosmislen prostor unutar zidova muzeja,

but inside of the museum's core,

ali u samom srcu muzeja,

blending its air

meša se njegov vazduh

with the democratic air of the Mall.

sa demokratskim vazduhom Centra.

And the bubble will inflate

I mehur će se naduvati,

hopefully for the first time

nadamo se po prvi put

at the end of 2013.

krajem 2013.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)