Inside the black hole image that made history | Sheperd Doeleman

3,026,742 views ใƒป 2019-05-10

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Siyoung Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์™€์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
Chris Anderson: Shep, thank you so much for coming.
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00:15
I think your plane landed literally two hours ago in Vancouver.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํƒ„ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „์— ๋ง‰
๋ฐด์ฟ ๋ฒ„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
์ด๊ณณ์— ์™€์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Such a treat to have you.
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00:21
So, talk us through how do you get from Einstein's equation to a black hole?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:27
Sheperd Doeleman: Over 100 years ago,
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์† ๋Œ๋จผ: 100๋…„ ์ „์—,
00:29
Einstein came up with this geometric theory of gravity
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์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์€ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
which deforms space-time.
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์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:34
So, matter deforms space-time,
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
00:36
and then space-time tells matter in turn how to move around it.
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์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
And you can get enough matter into a small enough region
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์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋„ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
00:42
that it punctures space-time,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
and that even light can't escape,
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๋น›์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:46
the force of gravity keeps even light inside.
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์ค‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํž˜์ด ๋น›์„ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
CA: And so, before that, the reason the Earth moves around the Sun
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๊ทธ์ „์—, ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–‘ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋„๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
00:52
is not because the Sun is pulling the Earth as we think,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํƒœ์–‘์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ,
00:54
but it's literally changed the shape of space
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๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:57
so that we just sort of fall around the Sun.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘ ์ฃผ์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
SD: Exactly, the geometry of space-time
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์† ๋Œ๋จผ: ๋„ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์€
์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–‘ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
tells the Earth how to move around the Sun.
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01:03
You're almost seeing a black hole puncture through space-time,
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
and when it goes so deeply in,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊นŠ์ˆ™์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
01:08
then there's a point at which light orbits the black hole.
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๋น›์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๋„๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
CA: And so that's, I guess, is what's happening here.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
01:14
This is not an image,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:15
this is a computer simulation of what we always thought,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
like, the event horizon around the black hole.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ง€ํ‰์„  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
SD: Until last week, we had no idea what a black hole really looked like.
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์† ๋Œ๋จผ: ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
The best we could do were simulations like this in supercomputers,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์€ ์Šˆํผ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
but even here you see this ring of light,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์ด ๋น›์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:31
which is the orbit of photons.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด‘์ž์˜ ๊ถค๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
That's where photons literally move around the black hole,
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์ด๊ณณ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ด‘์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
and around that is this hot gas that's drawn to the black hole,
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€๋กœ ๋นจ๋ ค ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ฐ€์Šค์ด๋ฉฐ,
01:39
and it's hot because of friction.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋œจ๊ฒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
All this gas is trying to get into a very small volume, so it heats up.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ ค ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
CA: A few years ago, you embarked on this mission
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์—, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ๊ณผ์ œ์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
to try and actually image one of these things.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
And I guess you took --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์€...
01:52
you focused on this galaxy way out there.
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์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Tell us about this galaxy.
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์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
01:56
SD: This is the galaxy --
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์† ๋Œ๋จผ : ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
we're going to zoom into the galaxy M87, it's 55 million light-years away.
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5,500๋งŒ ๊ด‘๋…„ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์€ํ•˜ โ€œM87โ€์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
CA: Fifty-five million.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: 5,500๋งŒ ๊ด‘๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
SD: Which is a long way.
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์…ฐํผ๋“œ ๋„์—˜๋งจ: ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋จผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
02:05
And at its heart,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—๋Š”,
02:07
there's a six-and-a-half-billion- solar-mass black hole.
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65์–ต ๊ฐœ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
That's hard for us to really fathom, right?
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์ •๋ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ—ค์•„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋„ค์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
02:12
Six and a half billion suns compressed into a single point.
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65์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ง€์ ์— ์••์ถ•๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
And it's governing some of the energetics of the center of this galaxy.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
CA: But even though that thing is so huge, because it's so far away,
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
02:24
to actually dream of getting an image of it,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
02:27
that's incredibly hard.
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๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
The resolution would be incredible that you need.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
SD: Black holes are the smallest objects in the known universe.
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์† ๋Œ๋จผ: ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
But they have these outsize effects on whole galaxies.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „์ฒด ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์—์„œ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
But to see one,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
02:38
you would need to build a telescope as large as the Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋งŒํผ ํฐ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
because the black hole that we're looking at
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€
02:43
gives off copious radio waves.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
It's emitting all the time.
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์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
CA: And that's exactly what you did.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:47
SD: Exactly. What you're seeing here
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์† ๋Œ๋จผ: ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
02:49
is we used telescopes all around the world,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
we synchronized them perfectly with atomic clocks,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›์ž์‹œ๊ณ„์™€ ๋งž์ท„๊ณ ,
02:54
so they received the light waves from this black hole,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด,
02:56
and then we stitched all of that data together to make an image.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
CA: To do that
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
03:03
the weather had to be right
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๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ ๋‹นํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
in all of those locations at the same time,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:06
so you could actually get a clear view.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์‹œ์•ผ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ณด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
SD: We had to get lucky in a lot of different ways.
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์† ๋Œ๋จผ : ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
And sometimes, it's better to be lucky than good.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
In this case, we were both, I like to think.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
But light had to come from the black hole.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น›์€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์™€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
It had to come through intergalactic space,
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๋น›์€ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜์™€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
through the Earth's atmosphere, where water vapor can absorb it,
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์ˆ˜์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋น›์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ,
03:27
and everything worked out perfectly,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
03:29
the size of the Earth at that wavelength of light,
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๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š”,
03:31
one millimeter wavelength,
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1mm์˜ ๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ,
03:33
was just right to resolve that black hole, 55 million light-years away.
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5,500๋งŒ ๊ด‘๋…„ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฑ ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
The universe was telling us what to do.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
CA: So you started capturing huge amounts of data.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
03:43
I think this is like half the data from just one telescope.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
SD: Yeah, this is one of the members of our team, Lindy Blackburn,
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์† ๋Œ๋จผ : ๋„ค, ์ด ๋ถ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„, ๋ฆฐ๋”” ๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฒˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
and he's sitting with half the data
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ,
03:51
recorded at the Large Millimeter Telescope,
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"Large Millimeter Telescope" ์— ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
which is atop a 15,000-foot mountain in Mexico.
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์— ์žˆ๋Š” 15,000ํ”ผํŠธ ๋†’์ด์˜ ์‚ฐ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:56
And what he's holding there is about half a petabyte.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ 0.5 ํŽ˜ํƒ€๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Which, to put it in terms that we might understand,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:03
it's about 5,000 people's lifetime selfie budget.
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5์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ‰์ƒ ์ฐ๋Š” ์…€ํ”ผ์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:09
CA: It's a lot of data.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์ด๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
So this was all shipped, you couldn't send this over the internet.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
All this data was shipped to one place
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์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์กŒ๊ณ ,
04:15
and the massive computer effort began to try and analyze it.
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์Šˆํผ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
And you didn't really know
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๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
what you were going to see coming out of this.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณด๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
SD: The way this technique works that we used --
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์† ๋Œ๋จผ : ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€...
04:25
imagine taking an optical mirror and smashing it
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๊ด‘ํ•™๊ฑฐ์šธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋‚ด๊ณ ,
04:28
and putting all the shards in different places.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํŒŒํŽธ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:30
The way a normal mirror works
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๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€,
04:32
is the light rays bounce off the surface, which is perfect,
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๊ด‘์„ ์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
04:35
and they focus in a certain point at the same time.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ด‘์„ ์€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
We take all these recordings,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
04:40
and with atomic clock precision
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์›์ž์‹œ๊ณ„์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ,
04:41
we align them perfectly, later in a supercomputer.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์Šˆํผ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
And we recreate kind of an Earth-sized lens.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
And the only way to do that is to bring the data back by plane.
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
You can't beat the bandwidth of a 747 filled with hard discs.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ 747๊ฐœ ํ•˜๋“œ๋””์Šคํฌ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง„ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ๊ณผ ์‹ธ์›Œ์„œ ์ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:55
CA: And so, I guess a few weeks or a few months ago,
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ํ›„ ํ˜น์€ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„์—,
04:58
on a computer screen somewhere,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ™”๋ฉด ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ,
04:59
this started to come into view.
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
This moment.
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์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:04
SD: Well, it took a long time.
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์† ๋Œ๋จผ : ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
CA: I mean, look at this.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:09
That was it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
That was the first image.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:18
So tell us what we're really looking at there.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
05:20
SD: I still love it.
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์† ๋Œ๋จผ : ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:25
So what you're seeing is that last orbit of photons.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด‘์ž์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ถค๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
You're seeing Einstein's geometry laid bare.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:32
The puncture in space-time is so deep
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์šฐ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์†์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊นŠ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:35
that light moves around in orbit,
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๋น›์€ ๊ถค๋„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:37
so that light behind the black hole, as I think we'll see soon,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ , ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น›์€
05:40
moves around and comes to us on these parallel lines
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์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ‰ํ–‰์„ ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
at exactly that orbit.
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๊ถค๋„๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:44
It turns out, that orbit is the square root of 27
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๊ทธ ๊ถค๋„๋Š” ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์˜ 27๋ฐฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:49
times just a handful of fundamental constants.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•œ์คŒ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ˆ˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
It's extraordinary when you think about it.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๋น„์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
CA: When ...
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๋งจ ์ฒ˜์Œ,
05:56
In my head, initially, when I thought of black holes,
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์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
05:59
I'm thinking that is the event horizon,
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
there's lots of matter and light whirling around in that shape.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น›์ด ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์–‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
But it's actually more complicated than that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
Well, talk us through this animation, because it's light being lensed around it.
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์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ๋น›์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ฃผ์œ„์—์„œ ๊ตด์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
SD: You'll see here that some light from behind it gets lensed,
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๋’ค์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋น›๋„ ๊ตด์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
and some light does a loop-the-loop around the entire orbit of the black hole.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋น›๋“ค์€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ์›์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
But when you get enough light
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์†Œ์šฉ๋Œ์ด์น˜๋Š”
06:22
from all this hot gas swirling around the black hole,
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์ด ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ฐ€์Šค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋น›์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:24
then you wind up seeing all of these light rays
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋น›์˜ ๊ด‘์„ ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
come together on this screen,
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์ด ํ™”๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“ ๋น›์„ ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
which is a stand-in for where you and I are.
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๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
And you see the definition of this ring begin to come into shape.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ด ๋ฐ˜์ง€๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
And that's what Einstein predicted over 100 years ago.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์ด 100๋…„์ „์— ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
CA: Yeah, that is amazing.
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๋„ค, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ตฐ์š”.
06:42
So tell us more about what we're actually looking at here.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
06:48
First of all, why is part of it brighter than the rest?
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:50
SD: So what's happening is that the black hole is spinning.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ,
06:54
And you wind up with some of the gas moving towards us below
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ€์Šค๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ ,
06:57
and receding from us on the top.
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๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:59
And just as the train whistle has a higher pitch
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์ฐจ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:02
when it's coming towards you,
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๋†’์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
there's more energy from the gas coming towards us than going away from us.
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๊ฐ€์Šค์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์–‘์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์–‘๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
You see the bottom part brighter
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋” ๋ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
07:08
because the light is actually being boosted in our direction.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋น›์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ, ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
CA: And how physically big is that?
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํด๊นŒ์š”?
07:14
SD: Our entire solar system would fit well within that dark region.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ด ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋”ฑ ๋งž์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:20
And if I may,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ฑด๋Œ€,
07:22
that dark region is the signature of the event horizon.
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์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๋น„ํ‰์„ ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
The reason we don't see light from there,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋น›์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”,
07:28
is that the light that would come to us from that place
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๊ทธ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น›์ด
07:30
was swallowed by the event horizon.
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์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
So that -- that's it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
CA: And so when we think of a black hole,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ,
07:36
you think of these huge rays jetting out of it,
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋น›๋“ค์ด
07:39
which are pointed directly in our direction.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
Why don't we see them?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:42
SD: This is a very powerful black hole.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
Not by universal standards, it's still powerful,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:48
and from the north and south poles of this black hole
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ๋ถ์ชฝ ๋๊ณผ ๋‚จ์ชฝ ๋์—์„œ
07:50
we think that jets are coming.
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๋น›์ด ๋ถ„์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Now, we're too close to really see all the jet structure,
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์ด์ œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์ถœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
but it's the base of those jets that are illuminating the space-time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น›์˜ ๋ถ„์ถœ์˜ ํ† ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
And that's what's being bent around the black hole.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ํœ˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
CA: And if you were in a spaceship whirling around that thing somehow,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์ € ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋น™๋น™ ๋ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:07
how long would it take to actually go around it?
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?
08:09
SD: First, I would give anything to be in that spaceship.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:14
Sign me up.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
08:16
Thereโ€™s something called the -- if I can get wonky for one moment --
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์ž ๊น ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
08:19
the innermost stable circular orbit,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์›ํ˜• ๊ถค๋„๋Š”
08:21
that's the innermost orbit at which matter can move around a black hole
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์†Œ์šฉ๋Œ์ด ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:25
before it spirals in.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ˆ์ชฝ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
And for this black hole, it's going to be between three days and about a month.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 3์ผ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ์ •๋„ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
CA: It's so powerful, it's weirdly slow at one level.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์–ด๋Š ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Š๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
I mean, you wouldn't even notice
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:38
falling into that event horizon if you were there.
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์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์— ๋น ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:42
SD: So you may have heard of "spaghettification,"
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์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
where you fall into a black hole
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์— ๋น ์ง€๋ฉด
08:46
and the gravitational field on your feet is much stronger than on your head,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐœ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์žฅ์ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์œ„์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์„œ
08:50
so you're ripped apart.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐˆ๊ธฐ ์ฐข์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
This black hole is so big
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์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
08:54
that you're not going to become a spaghetti noodle.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฉด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
You're just going to drift right through that event horizon.
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๊ทธ์ € ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์„ ํ‘œ๋ฅ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
CA: So, it's like a giant tornado.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํญํ’ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”.
09:02
When Dorothy was whipped by a tornado, she ended up in Oz.
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๋„๋กœ์‹œ๋Š” ํญํ’์— ํœฉ์“ธ๋ ค ์˜ค์ฆˆ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
Where do you end up if you fall into a black hole?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ์–ด๋””์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
09:08
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:09
SD: Vancouver.
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๋ฐด์ฟ ๋ฒ„์š”.
09:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:13
CA: Oh, my God.
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๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ.
09:14
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:16
It's the red circle, that's terrifying.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
No, really.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
SD: Black holes really are the central mystery of our age,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฏธ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
because that's where the quantum world and the gravitational world come together.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–‘์ž ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
What's inside is a singularity.
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๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํŠน์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
And that's where all the forces become unified,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํž˜์ด ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
because gravity finally is strong enough to compete with all the other forces.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํž˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฌ์ฅด๋งŒํผ ํž˜์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
But it's hidden from us,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
the universe has cloaked it in the ultimate invisibility cloak.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋งํ†  ์†์— ๊ฐ€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
So we don't know what happens in there.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
CA: So there's a smaller one of these in our own galaxy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์—๋„ ์ž‘์€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
Can we go back to our own beautiful galaxy?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
09:49
This is the Milky Way, this is home.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
And somewhere in the middle of that there's another one,
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์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”,
09:54
which you're trying to find as well.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
SD: We already know it's there, and we've already taken data on it.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
And we're working on those data right now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
So we hope to have something in the near future, I can't say when.
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์–ธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ณง ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
CA: It's way closer but also a lot smaller,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ€๊น์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž‘์€๋ฐ,
10:07
maybe the similar kind of size to what we saw?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:09
SD: Right. So it turns out that the black hole in M87,
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์— ๋ณด์•˜๋˜ M87์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€
10:13
that we saw before,
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6.5์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
10:14
is six and a half billion solar masses.
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๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
But it's so far away that it appears a certain size.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
The black hole in the center of our galaxy is a thousand times less massive,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€์€ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ฒœ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ,
10:23
but also a thousand times closer.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒœ๋ฐฐ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
So it looks the same angular size on the sky.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
CA: Finally, I guess, a nod to a remarkable group of people.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
Who are these guys?
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์ด ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ด์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
10:33
SD: So these are only some of the team.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ํŒ€์›๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
We marveled at the resonance that this image has had.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ช…์— ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
If you told me that it would be above the fold in all of these newspapers,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฉด์— ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:45
I'm not sure I would have believed you, but it was.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
Because this is a great mystery,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์ด๊ธฐ์—
10:49
and it's inspiring for us, and I hope it's inspiring to everyone.
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์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
But the more important thing is that this is just a small number of the team.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํŒ€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
We're 200 people strong with 60 institutes
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” 20๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์—์„œ ๋ชจ์ธ
10:59
and 20 countries and regions.
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60๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ 200๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
If you want to build a global telescope you need a global team.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํŒ€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
And this technique that we use of linking telescopes around the world
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
11:08
kind of effortlessly sidesteps some of the issues that divide us.
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์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์—ด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
And as scientists, we naturally come together to do something like this.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
CA: Wow, boy, that's inspiring for our whole team this week.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ด์š”. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๊ฐ๋™์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:21
Shep, thank you so much for what you did and for coming here.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๋ฃฌ ์—…์ ๊ณผ ์ด๊ณณ์— ์™€์ฃผ์‹  ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
SD: Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:25
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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