Meet the microscopic life in your home -- and on your face | Anne Madden

145,788 views ใƒป 2017-08-24

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Park Haesik ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
I want you to touch your face.
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์–ผ๊ตด์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋งŒ์ ธ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
00:15
Go on.
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์–ด์„œ์š”.
00:17
What do you feel?
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:18
Soft? Squishy?
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๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋ ๋ฌผ๋ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:21
It's you, right? You're feeling you?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ์ด์ฃ ? ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋Š๊ปด์ง€์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:24
Well, it's not quite true.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋ก  ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
You're actually feeling thousands of microscopic creatures
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์–ผ๊ตด๊ณผ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์— ์‚ด๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”
00:30
that live on our face and fingers.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ์ข…์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
You're feeling some of the fungi
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ†ตํ’๊ด€์„ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋˜
00:36
that drifted down from the air ducts today.
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๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
They set off our allergies
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๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋Š” ์•Œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€์™€ ํ€˜ํ€˜ํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์ฃ .
00:40
and smell of mildew.
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00:43
You're feeling some of the 100 billion bacterial cells
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ์–ต ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
that live on our skin.
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00:50
They've been munching away at your skin oils and replicating,
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์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:54
producing the smells of body odor.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฒด์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
You're likely even touching the fecal bacteria
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ถ„๋ณ€๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
that sprayed onto you the last time you flushed a toilet,
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์•„๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณ€๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ํŠ€์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:04
or those bacteria that live in our water pipes
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๊ด€์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
and sprayed onto you with your last shower.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒค์›Œํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํŠ€์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:10
Sorry.
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:13
You're probably even giving a microscopic high five
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ผ๊ตด์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ
01:16
to the two species of mites that live on our faces,
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ํ•˜์ดํŒŒ์ด๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
on all of our faces.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:22
They've spent the night squirming across your face
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์ด ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐค์ƒˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
01:25
and having sex on the bridge of your nose.
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์ฝง์ž”๋“ฑ ์œ„์—์„œ ์„น์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:31
Many of them are now leaking their gut contents onto your pores.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฑ‰์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:38
Now look at your finger.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๋ณด์ฃ 
01:40
How's it feel? Gross?
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋‚˜์š”? ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•˜์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:42
In desperate need of soap or bleach?
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๋น„๋ˆ„๋‚˜ ํ‘œ๋ฐฑ์žฌ๋ผ๋„ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?
01:46
That's how you feel now,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ์‹œ์ฃ ?
01:47
but it's not going to be how you feel in the future.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
For the last 100 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„๊ฐ„
01:53
we've had an adversarial relationship
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ
01:55
with the microscopic life nearest us.
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์ ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
If I told you there was a bug in your house
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘์— ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:00
or bacteria in your sink,
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์‹ฑํฌ๋Œ€์— ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:01
there was a human-devised solution for that,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
a product to eradicate, exterminate,
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๋ฐ•๋ฉธํ•˜๊ณ , ์—†์• ๊ณ 
02:06
disinfect.
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๋ฉธ๊ท ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:08
We strive to remove most of the microscopic life in our world now.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์˜จ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์• ๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
But in doing so, we're ignoring the best source of new technology
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
02:18
on this planet.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ž์›์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
The last 100 years have featured human solutions to microbial problems,
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์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:26
but the next 100 years will feature microbial solutions to human problems.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 100๋…„์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐœ๋ฒ™์„ ์“ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
I'm a scientist, and I work with researchers
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์ „ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ธ์Šค์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€์™€
02:34
at North Carolina State University and the University of Colorado
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์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ
02:38
to uncover the microscopic life that is nearest us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
and that's often in our most intimate and boring environments,
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์ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋”ฐ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ์„œ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
be it under our couches, in our backyards,
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์†ŒํŒŒ๋‚˜, ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น
02:49
or in our belly buttons.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ๊ผฝ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
02:51
I do this work because it turns out that we know very little
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š”
02:54
about the microscopic life that's nearest us.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
As of a few years ago, no scientist could tell you
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡๋…„ ์ „๋งŒํ•ด๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘์—
03:00
what bugs or microorganisms live in your home --
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์™€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
your home, the place you know better than anywhere else.
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์ง‘, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณณ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
03:08
And so I and teams of others
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €์™€ ํŒ€์›๋“ค์€
03:10
are armed with Q-tips and tweezers
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๋ฉด๋ด‰๊ณผ ํ•€์…‹
03:12
and advanced DNA techniques
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ์‹  DNA ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋ฌด์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:14
to uncover the microscopic life nearest us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
In doing so, we found over 600 species of bugs
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์™€ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:22
that live in USA homes,
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๋‚ ๊ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
03:24
everything from spiders and cockroaches
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š”
03:26
to tiny mites that cling to feathers.
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600์ข…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
And we found over 100,000 species of bacteria and fungi
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋จผ์ง€๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š”
03:35
that live in our dust bunnies,
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10๋งŒ์ข…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
thousands more that live on our clothes or in our showers.
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์˜ท์žฅ์ด๋‚˜, ์‚ฌ์›Œ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช‡์ฒœ์ข… ๋” ๋งŽ์ฃ .
03:42
We've gone further still,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€
03:43
and we looked at the microorganisms
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์ง‘์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ๋ชธ ์†์— ์‚ฌ๋Š”
03:45
that live inside the bodies of each of those bugs in our home.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
In each bug, for example, a wasp,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ง๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
we see a microscopic jungle unfold in a petri plate,
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๋ฐฐ์–‘์ ‘์‹œ ์œ„์— ํŽผ์ณ์ง„ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ •๊ธ€์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
a world of hundreds of vibrant species.
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์ƒ๊ธฐ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ์ข…์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Behold the biological cosmos!
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ !
04:05
So many of the species you're looking at right now
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์ด์ค‘ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋งŽ์€ ์ข…์ด
04:07
don't yet have names.
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์•„์ง ์ด๋ฆ„์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Most of the life around us remains unknown.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•„์ง ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
I remember the first time I discovered and got to name a new species.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ™์ธ ์ข…๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜๋„ค์š”.
04:17
It was a fungus that lives in the nest of a paper wasp.
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ํŽ˜์ดํผ๋ง๋ฒŒ์˜ ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:20
It's white and fluffy,
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ํ•˜์–€ ์†œํ„ธํ˜•ํƒœ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
04:22
and I named it "mucor nidicola,"
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"๋ฎค์ฝ”๋ฅด ๋‚˜์ด๋””์ฝœ๋ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
meaning in Latin that it lives in the nest of another.
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๋ผํ‹ด์–ด๋กœ "๋‚จ์˜ ์ง‘์— ์‚ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
This is a picture of it growing on a dinosaur,
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๊ณต๋ฃก์ธํ˜•์—์„œ ์ž๋ž€ ๋…€์„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
because everyone thinks dinosaurs are cool.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๋ฃก์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
04:36
At the time, I was in graduate school,
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์ด๋•Œ ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
and I was so excited that I had found this new life form.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ
04:42
I called up my dad, and I go,
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์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:44
"Dad! I just discovered a new microorganism species."
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"์•„๋น !, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ข…์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”!"
04:48
And he laughed and he goes,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์›ƒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌ์‹œ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
04:49
"That's great. I hope you also discovered a cure for it."
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"๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ตฌ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ์ข…์— ๋งž๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค."
04:53
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:54
"Cure it."
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์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋ผ๋‹ˆ
04:57
Now, my dad is my biggest fan,
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ €์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ง€์ง€์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
so in that crushing moment where he wanted to kill my new little life form,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์ข…์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ธธ ์›ํ•œ ๊ทธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
05:04
I realized that actually I had failed him,
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์ „ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ฉ๋“์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
both as a daughter and a scientist.
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๋”ธ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์จ์š”
05:08
In my years toiling away in labs and in people's backyards,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:12
investigating and cataloging the microscopic life around us,
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ์„ธ์›” ๋™์•ˆ
05:16
I'd never made clear my true mission to him.
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์ €์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
My goal is not to find technology
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์ €์˜ ๊ณจ์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„
05:22
to kill the new microscopic life around us.
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์ฃฝ์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
My goal is to find new technology from this life, that will help save us.
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์ œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—์„œ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
The diversity of life in our homes is more than a list of 100,000 new species.
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์ง‘์•ˆ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช… ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ 10๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข… ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
It is 100,000 new sources of solutions to human problems.
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์ด๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 10๋งŒ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
I know it's hard to believe that anything that's so small
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๊ณ , ๋ณด์ž˜๊ฒƒ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
05:44
or only has one cell
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
05:46
can do anything powerful,
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
but they can.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:48
These creatures are microscopic alchemists,
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์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
with the ability to transform their environment
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ํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
05:54
with an arsenal of chemical tools.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ 
05:57
This means that they can live anywhere on this planet,
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์ด ๋ง์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ด์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
and they can eat whatever food is around them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋จน์–ด ์น˜์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
This means they can eat everything from toxic waste to plastic,
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๋…์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋จน์–ด ์น˜์šฐ๊ณ 
06:09
and they can produce waste products like oil and battery power
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:14
and even tiny nuggets of real gold.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
They can transform the inedible into nutritive.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
They can make sugar into alcohol.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์„คํƒ•์„ ์•Œ์ฝœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
06:25
They give chocolate its flavor,
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์ตธ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์— ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณดํƒœ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
and soil the power to grow.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์ฃ .
06:30
I'm here to tell you
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์ „ ๋‹ค์Œ 100๋…„์€
06:31
that the next 100 years will feature these microscopic creatures
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
06:34
solving more of our problems.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ํ’€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
And we have a lot of problems to choose from.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
We've got the mundane: bad-smelling clothes or bland food.
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์–ด๋–ค๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ : ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ท๊ณผ ๋ง›์—†๋Š” ์Œ์‹
06:44
And we've got the monumental:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
06:46
disease, pollution, war.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘, ์˜ค์—ผ, ์ „์Ÿ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
06:51
And so this is my mission:
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์ž ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.:
06:52
to not just catalog the microscopic life around us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:56
but to find out what it's uniquely well-suited to help us with.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
Here's an example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
We started with a pest,
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ด์ถฉ๊ณผ
07:03
a wasp that lives on many of our homes.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ง๋ฒŒ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
Inside that wasp, we plucked out a little-known microorganism species
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๋ง๋ฒŒ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ข…์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ–‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
with a unique ability:
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๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ข…์ธ๋ฐ
07:13
it could make beer.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
This is a trait that only a few species on this planet have.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‹จ ๋ช‡ ์ข…๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
07:19
In fact, all commercially produced beer you've ever had
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋Š”
07:22
likely came from one of only three microorganism species.
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๋‹จ 3์ข…์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋งŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
Yet our species, it could make a beer that tasted like honey,
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์ €ํฌ ์ข…์€ ๋งฅ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ฟ€๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ง›์ด ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
and it could also make a delightfully tart beer.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋“œ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ์Œ‰์‚ฌ๋ฆ„ํ•œ ๋ง›์„ ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:34
In fact, this microorganism species that lives in the belly of a wasp,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ข…์€ ๋ง๋ฒŒ์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
it could make a valuable sour beer
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์ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ณด๋‹ค
07:41
better than any other species on this planet.
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์ข‹์€ ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:46
There are now four species that produce commercial beer.
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์ด์ œ ์ƒ์—…๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…์€ 4๊ฐœ์ข…์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:51
Where you used to see a pest,
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์ด์ œ ํ•ด์ถฉ์„ ๋ณด๋˜ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
07:53
now think of tasting your future favorite beer.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
07:57
As a second example,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
I worked with researchers to dig in the dirt in people's backyards.
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์ „ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์˜ ํ™์„ ํŒŒ๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
There, we uncovered a microorganism that could make novel antibiotics,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ฒจ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
antibiotics that can kill the world's worst superbugs.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์Šˆํผ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์ฃ .
08:11
This was an awesome thing to find,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
but here's the secret:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ๋น„๋ฐ€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
for the last 60 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 60๋…„๊ฐ„
08:18
most of the antibiotics on the market
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์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
08:21
have come from similar soil bacteria.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํ† ์–‘๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
Every day, you and I and everyone in this room
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๋งค์ผ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ €, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ
08:27
and on this planet,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:28
are saved by similar soil bacteria that produce most of our antibiotics.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํ† ์–‘ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
Where you used to see dirt,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ™๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ๋ดค๋˜ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
08:36
now think of medication.
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์ด์ œ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
Perhaps my favorite example comes from colleagues
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š”
08:42
who are studying a pond scum microorganism,
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ํฐ๋“œ ์Šค์ปด์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
which is tragically named after the cow dung it was first found in.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ๋˜ฅ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ™์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:50
It's pretty unremarkable and would be unworthy of discussion,
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๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
except that the researchers found that if you feed it to mice,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฅ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฉด PTSD์—
08:57
it vaccinates against PTSD.
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๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋นผ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:01
It vaccinates against fear.
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:05
Where you used to see pond scum, now think of hope.
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์ž ํฐ๋“œ ์Šค์ปด์„ ๋ณธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ด์ œ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
There are so many more microbial examples
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
09:12
that I don't have time to talk about today.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
I gave you examples of solutions that came from just three species,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ 3์ข…์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
but imagine what those other 100,000 species in your dust bunnies
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋จผ์ง€ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์˜ 10๋งŒ์ข…์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ
09:24
might be able to do.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
09:26
In the future, they might be able to make you sexier
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—, ์ด๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ 
09:30
or smarter
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๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
or perhaps live longer.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋”์šฑ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:36
So I want you to look at your finger again.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
09:39
Think about all those microscopic creatures
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์•„์ง ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:41
that are unknown.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
09:42
Think about in the future what they might be able to do
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€
09:45
or make
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09:47
or whose life they might be able to save.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
09:50
How does your finger feel right now?
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์ด์ œ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€์„ธ์š”?
09:53
A little bit powerful?
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์ข€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š”?
09:56
That's because you're feeling the future.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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