Your kids might live on Mars. Here's how they'll survive | Stephen Petranek

5,623,151 views ใƒป 2016-05-05

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jihyeon J. Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Junhan Kim
00:13
Strap yourselves in,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฝ‰ ์žก์œผ์„ธ์š”.
00:15
we're going to Mars.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ํ™”์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Not just a few astronauts --
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์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:19
thousands of people are going to colonize Mars.
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์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ™”์„ฑ์„ ์ •๋ณตํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋– ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
And I am telling you that they're going to do this soon.
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๊ท€๋” ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ์ผ์€ ๊ณง ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
Some of you will end up working on projects on Mars,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
00:29
and I guarantee that some of your children will end up living there.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ์ถœ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•ฝ์†๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
00:33
That probably sounds preposterous,
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ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ ์—†๋Š” ๋ง ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:36
so I'm going to share with you how and when that will happen.
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๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
But first I want to discuss the obvious question:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์— ์•ž์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Why the heck should we do this?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:45
12 years ago,
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12๋…„ ์ „
00:46
I gave a TED talk on 10 ways the world could end suddenly.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉธ๋ง์‹œํ‚ฌ 10๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด TED ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
We are incredibly vulnerable to the whims of our own galaxy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ณ€๋•์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์กด์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
A single, large asteroid could take us out forever.
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์ž‘์€ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆด ๋ฉธ๋ง์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
To survive we have to reach beyond the home planet.
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์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Think what a tragedy it would be
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์Šฌํ”ˆ ์ผ ์ผ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:04
if all that humans have accomplished were suddenly obliterated.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ž์ทจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ถ˜๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
01:08
And there's another reason we should go:
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋ง๊ณ ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
exploration is in our DNA.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ „์ž์—” ํƒํ—˜ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
Two million years ago humans evolved in Africa
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200๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ „์— ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™” ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
and then slowly but surely spread out across the entire planet
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋А๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐจ๊ทผ์ฐจ๊ทผ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์„  ๋„ˆ๋จธ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ „์ง„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
01:22
by reaching into the wilderness that was beyond their horizons.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
01:25
This stuff is inside us.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
And they prospered doing that.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ–์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:30
Some of the greatest advances in civilization and technology
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๋ฌธ๋ช…ํ™”์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํ˜œํƒ์€
01:34
came because we explored.
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ํƒ๊ตฌ์‹ฌ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Yes, we could do a lot of good
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๋„ค, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ˆ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋ฉด
01:38
with the money it will take to establish a thriving colony on Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
And yes we should all be taking far better care of our own home planet.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
01:48
And yes, I worry we could screw up Mars the way we've screwed up Earth.
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๋„ค, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ณค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ™”์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
But think for a moment,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ž ์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:55
what we had when John F. Kennedy told us we would put a human on the moon.
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์กด F. ์ผ€๋„ค๋””๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋• ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”.
02:00
He excited an entire generation to dream.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํฅ๋ถ„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Think how inspired we will be to see a landing on Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋А๋‚„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ์ƒ ํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
02:08
Perhaps then we will look back at Earth
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ•  ์–ด๋–ค ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
02:11
and see that that is one people instead of many
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
and perhaps then we will look back at Earth,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชธ๋ถ€๋ฆผ ์น  ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค
02:17
as we struggle to survive on Mars,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
02:19
and realize how precious the home planet is.
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์ƒˆ์‚ผ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ์ง€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
So let me tell you about the extraordinary adventure we're about to undertake.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ทธ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ชจํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
But first,
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๊ทธ์— ์•ž์„œ,
02:30
a few fascinating facts about where we're going.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
This picture actually represents the true size of Mars compared to Earth.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Mars is not our sister planet.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
It's far less than half the size of the Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ์—,
02:43
and yet despite the fact that it's smaller,
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž‘๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
02:45
the surface area of Mars that you can stand on
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€
02:47
is equivalent to the surface area of the Earth that you can stand on,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
because the Earth is mostly covered by water.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:55
The atmosphere on Mars is really thin --
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์–‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
100 times thinner than on Earth --
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ 1/100์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
and it's not breathable, it's 96 percent carbon dioxide.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  96%๊ฐ€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜ธํก์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
It's really cold there.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ถฅ์ฃ .
03:06
The average temperature is minus 81 degrees,
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ํ‰๊ท  ๊ธฐ์˜จ์€ ์˜ํ•˜ 81๋„์ด๊ณ 
03:09
although there is quite a range of temperature.
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๊ธฐ์˜จ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํญ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
A day on Mars is about as long as a day on Earth,
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ณ 
03:15
plus about 39 minutes.
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39๋ถ„์ด ๋” ๊ธธ์–ด์š”.
03:18
Seasons and years on Mars are twice as long as they are on Earth.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๊ณผ 1๋…„์€ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
And for anybody who wants to strap on some wings and go flying one day,
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์–ด๋А ๋‚  ๋‚ ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
Mars has a lot less gravity than on Earth,
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:31
and it's the kind of place
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฑท๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋›ฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
03:32
where you can jump over your car instead of walk around it.
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์ ํ”„ํ•ด์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋„˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
03:36
Now, as you can see, Mars isn't exactly Earth-like,
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ™”์„ฑ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
but it's by far the most livable other place in our entire solar system.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์˜ ์–ด๋А ํ–‰์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ์กด์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด์ฃ .
03:45
Here's the problem.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Mars is a long way away,
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ํ™”์„ฑ์€ ๋ฉ€์–ด์š”.
03:49
a thousand times farther away from us than our own moon.
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๋‹ฌ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒœ ๋ฐฐ ๋ฉ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
The Moon is 250,000 miles away
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๋‹ฌ์€ 250,000 ๋งˆ์ผ(40๋งŒ km) ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:58
and it took Apollo astronauts three days to get there.
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์•„ํด๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 3์ผ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
04:02
Mars is 250 million miles away
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ํ™”์„ฑ์€ 2์–ต 5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋งˆ์ผ (4์–ตkm) ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:05
and it will take us eight months to get there --
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๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 8๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
240 days.
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240์ผ์š”.
04:10
And that's only if we launch on a very specific day,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋‚ 
04:12
at a very specific time,
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:14
once every two years,
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์ด๋…„์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์˜ค๋Š”
04:16
when Mars and the Earth are aligned just so,
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ํ™”์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๋•Œ.
04:19
so the distance that the rocket would have to travel will be the shortest.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋กœ์ผ“์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
240 days is a long time to spend trapped with your colleagues in a tin can.
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๊นกํ†ต ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„  ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ธฐ์—” 240์ผ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
And meanwhile, our track record of getting to Mars is lousy.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋„ ์—‰๋ง์ด๊ณ ์š”.
04:34
We and the Russians, the Europeans, the Japanese,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ณธ,
04:37
the Chinese and the Indians,
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์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ
04:39
have actually sent 44 rockets there,
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44๊ฐœ์˜ ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ํ™”์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์•„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
and the vast majority of them have either missed or crashed.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‹ค์ข…๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์„œ์กŒ์ฃ .
04:45
Only about a third of the missions to Mars have been successful.
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ํ™”์„ฑ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์˜ 1/3๋งŒ ์ž„๋ฌด์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
And we don't at the moment have a rocket big enough to get there anyway.
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์•„์ง ํ™”์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋กœ์ผ“์ด ์ค€๋น„๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
We once had that rocket, the Saturn V.
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์ƒˆํ„ด 5ํ˜ธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋กœ์ผ“์ด ์žˆ๊ธด ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:57
A couple of Saturn Vs would have gotten us there.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜€๋˜
04:59
It was the most magnificent machine ever built by humans,
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๋‘ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ƒˆํ„ด 5ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆด ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:03
and it was the rocket that took us to the Moon.
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์ƒˆํ„ด 5ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์—๋„ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
But the last Saturn V was used in 1973 to launch the Skylab space station,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆํ„ด 5ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฑด 1973๋…„ ์Šค์นด์ด๋žฉ ์šฐ์ฃผ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ์„
05:11
and we decided to do something called the shuttle
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์˜์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ์˜€๊ณ , ๋‹ฌ์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ๋Š”
05:14
instead of continuing on to Mars after we landed on the Moon.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์…”ํ‹€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
The biggest rocket we have now
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋กœ์ผ“์€
05:20
is only half big enough to get us anything to Mars.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™”์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ค„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๋กœ์ผ“ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
So getting to Mars is not going to be easy
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ™”์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
and that brings up a really interesting question ...
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๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:31
how soon will the first humans actually land here?
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์–ธ์ œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ™”์„ฑ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
Now, some pundits think if we got there by 2050,
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ 2050๋…„์ด๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
that'd be a pretty good achievement.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜์ฃ .
05:43
These days, NASA seems to be saying that it can get humans to Mars by 2040.
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๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋Š” 2040๋…„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด์š”.
05:50
Maybe they can.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:52
I believe that they can get human beings into Mars orbit by 2035.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ 2035๋…„์ด๋ฉด ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
05:57
But frankly,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ,
05:59
I don't think they're going to bother in 2035 to send a rocket to Mars,
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2035๋…„์— ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง„ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”.
06:03
because we will already be there.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:05
We're going to land on Mars in 2027.
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2027๋…„์ด๋ฉด ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋„์ฐฉ ํ•ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
And the reason is
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
06:11
this man is determined to make that happen.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
His name is Elon Musk, he's the CEO of Tesla Motors and SpaceX.
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์—˜๋ก  ๋จธ์Šคํฌ๋Š” ํ…Œ์Šฌ๋ผ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์Šค์™€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์—‘์Šค์˜ CEO์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
Now, he actually told me that we would land on Mars by 2025,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ 2025๋…„์ด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
but Elon Musk is more optimistic than I am --
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์—˜๋ก  ๋จธ์Šคํฌ๋Š” ์ €๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
and that's going a ways --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‘ฌ์„œ
06:29
so I'm giving him a couple of years of slack.
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค 2๋…„ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋” ๊ฑธ๋ฆด๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
Still ...
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ
06:34
you've got to ask yourself,
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:35
can this guy really do this by 2025 or 2027?
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ •๋ง 2025๋…„์ด๋‚˜ 2027๋…„์ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
06:40
Well, let's put a decade with Elon Musk into a little perspective.
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์—˜๋ก  ๋จธ์Šคํฌ์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์— 10๋…„์„ ๋”ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:45
Where was this 10 years ago?
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์ด๊ฒŒ 10๋…„ ์ „์— ์กด์žฌ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:47
That's the Tesla electric automobile.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ…Œ์Šฌ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
In 2005, a lot of people in the automobile industry were saying,
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2005๋…„์—” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
06:53
we would not have a decent electric car for 50 years.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 50๋…„๊ฐ„์€ ์“ธ๋งŒํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
And where was that?
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์กด์žฌ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:02
That is SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์—‘์Šค์˜ ํŒฐ์ปจ 9ํ˜ธ ๋กœ์ผ“์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
lifting six tons of supplies to the International Space Station.
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6ํ†ค์˜ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตญ์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
10 years ago,
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10๋…„ ์ „ ๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„
07:10
SpaceX had not launched anything, or fired a rocket to anywhere.
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์—‘์Šค๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ์˜์•„์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
07:16
So I think it's a pretty good bet
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
that the person who is revolutionizing the automobile industry
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์ฑ„ 10๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
07:22
in less than 10 years
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๊ณ ,
07:23
and the person who created an entire rocket company in less than 10 years
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 10๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ๋กœ์ผ“ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
07:29
will get us to Mars by 2027.
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2027๋…„์—๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
07:32
Now, you need to know this:
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์ด๊ฑธ ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
governments and robots no longer control this game.
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์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ด ์ผ์— ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
07:40
Private companies are leaping into space
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๊ฐœ์ธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
and they will be happy to take you to Mars.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
07:45
And that raises a really big question.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
Can we actually live there?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
07:52
Now, NASA may not be able to get us there until 2040,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ 2040๋…„ ์ด์ „์—” ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
or we may get there a long time before NASA,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
07:59
but NASA has taken a huge responsibility in figuring out how we can live on Mars.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ์กด๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๋ง‰์ค‘ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
Let's look at the problem this way.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
08:06
Here's what you need to live on Earth:
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
08:08
food, water, shelter and clothing.
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์Œ์‹, ๋ฌผ, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜๋ณต์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:12
And here's what you need to live on Mars:
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ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
all of the above, plus oxygen.
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
08:18
So let's look at the most important thing on this list first.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ฅผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:22
Water is the basis of all life as we know it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฌผ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ด์ฃ .
08:25
and it's far too heavy for us to carry water from the Earth to Mars to live,
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ํ™”์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์›Œ์š”.
08:29
so we have to find water if our life is going to succeed on Mars.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
And if you look at Mars, it looks really dry,
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์–ผํ• ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ํ™”์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜๊ณ 
08:38
it looks like the entire planet is a desert.
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ํ–‰์„ฑ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
08:41
But it turns out that it's not.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
The soil alone on Mars contains up to 60 percent water.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ํ™์€ 60%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
And a number of orbiters that we still have flying around Mars have shown us --
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ํ™”์„ฑ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํƒ์‚ฌ ์œ„์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด๋‚ด์ค€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€..
08:53
and by the way, that's a real photograph --
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์ฐธ, ์ด๊ฑด ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
that lots of craters on Mars have a sheet of water ice in them.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ์–‡์€ ์–ผ์Œ์ธต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
09:00
It's not a bad place to start a colony.
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋‚˜์œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
09:03
Now, here's a view of a little dig the Phoenix Lander did in 2008,
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2008๋…„ ํ™”์„ฑ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„  ํ”ผ๋‹‰์Šค๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋‚ธ ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
showing that just below the surface of the soil is ice --
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ํ† ์–‘ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ผ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
that white stuff is ice.
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ํ•˜์–€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
In the second picture,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
09:15
which is four days later than the first picture,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ดฌ์˜ ํ›„ ์‚ฌํ˜ ๋’ค์— ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
you can see that some of it is evaporating.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
Orbiters also tell us
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๊ถค๋„ ์„ ํšŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์€
09:21
that there are huge amounts of underground water on Mars
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
as well as glaciers.
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๋น™ํ•˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
09:26
In fact, if only the water ice at the poles on Mars melted,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ™”์„ฑ ๊ทน์˜ ์–ผ์Œ์ด ๋…น๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:31
most of the planet would be under 30 feet of water.
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ํ–‰์„ฑ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ 30ํ”ผํŠธ(9m) ๋†’์ด์˜ ๋ฌผ์— ์ž ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
So there's plenty of water there,
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:37
but most of it's ice, most of it's underground,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์–ผ์Œ์ด๊ณ  ๋•… ์†์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
it takes a lot of energy to get it and a lot of human labor.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๋…ธ๋™์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:44
This is a device cooked up at the University of Washington
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด
09:46
back in 1998.
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1998๋…„์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
It's basically a low-tech dehumidifier.
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์ €์ฐจ์› ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ œ์Šต๊ธฐ์ฃ .
09:51
And it turns out the Mars atmosphere is often 100 percent humid.
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์ด๋”ฐ๊ธˆ ํ™”์„ฑ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ์Šต๋„๊ฐ€ 100%์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
So this device can extract all the water that humans will need
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„
10:00
simply from the atmosphere on Mars.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:04
Next we have to worry about what we will breathe.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜ธํกํ• ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
Frankly, I was really shocked
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์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
10:09
to find out that NASA has this problem worked out.
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๋‚˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์–ด์š”.
10:12
This is a scientist at MIT named Michael Hecht.
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MIT ๊ณต๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž ๋งˆ์ดํด ํ—ฅํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
And he's developed this machine, Moxie.
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๋ชฉ์‹œ(Moxie) ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:18
I love this thing.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
It's a reverse fuel cell, essentially,
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์—ญ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
10:22
that sucks in the Martian atmosphere and pumps out oxygen.
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ํ™”์„ฑ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
And you have to remember that CO2 --
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ™”์„ฑ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์€
10:28
carbon dioxide, which is 96 percent of Mars' atmosphere --
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96%๊ฐ€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
CO2 is basically 78 percent oxygen.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” 78%์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Now, the next big rover that NASA sends to Mars in 2020
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๋‚˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 2020๋…„ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋ณด๋‚ผ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์—๋Š”
10:40
is going to have one of these devices aboard,
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํƒ‘์žฌ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
and it will be able to produce enough oxygen
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ
10:45
to keep one person alive indefinitely.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:47
But the secret to this --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋น„๋ฐ€์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:50
and that's just for testing --
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์‹คํ—˜์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
10:51
the secret to this is that this thing was designed from the get-go
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 100 ๋ฐฐ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ
10:55
to be scalable by a factor of 100.
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ํ™•์žฅ/์ถ•์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
Next, what will we eat?
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๋‹ค์Œ, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:01
Well, we'll use hydroponics to grow food,
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์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์Œ์‹์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:04
but we're not going to be able to grow
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๋Š” ์Œ์‹์˜ 15-20% ์ด์ƒ์„
11:05
more than 15 to 20 percent of our food there,
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์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
at least not until water is running on the surface of Mars
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ํ™”์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ฌผ์ด ํ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง„์š”.
11:11
and we actually have the probability and the capability of planting crops.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
In the meantime,
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
11:17
most of our food will arrive from Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
and it will be dried.
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๊ฑด์กฐ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ์š”.
11:22
And then we need some shelter.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
At first we can use inflatable, pressurized buildings
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—” ๋ฐ€ํ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์ž…์‹ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
as well as the landers themselves.
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ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
But this really only works during the daytime.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์—๋งŒ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
There is too much solar radiation and too much radiation from cosmic rays.
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ํƒœ์–‘ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
11:39
So we really have to go underground.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
Now, it turns out that the soil on Mars,
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ํ† ์–‘์€
11:44
by and large, is perfect for making bricks.
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๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
And NASA has figured this one out, too.
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๋‚˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
They're going to throw some polymer plastic into the bricks,
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ๋ฅผ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์— ์„ž์–ด์„œ
11:52
shove them in a microwave oven,
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์ „์ž๋ Œ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ธ์— ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด
11:54
and then you will be able to build buildings with really thick walls.
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๋‘๊บผ์šด ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:57
Or we may choose to live underground in caves or in lava tubes,
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๋™๊ตด์— ์‚ด์ง€ ์šฉ์•”๊ตด์—์„œ ์‚ด์ง€ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
of which there are plenty.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์—” ๋งŽ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
12:06
And finally there's clothing.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ณต์ด ๋‚จ์•˜๋„ค์š”.
12:08
On Earth we have miles of atmosphere piled up on us,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ๋งˆ์ผ ์ •๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
which creates 15 pounds of pressure on our bodies at all times,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ 15 ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ(6.8kg)์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:14
and we're constantly pushing out against that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
On Mars there's hardly any atmospheric pressure.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ™”์„ฑ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
So Dava Newman,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ MIT ๊ณต๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž
12:22
a scientist at MIT,
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๋‹ค๋ฐ” ๋‰ด๋จผ์ด
12:24
has created this sleek space suit.
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์ด ๋ง๋”ํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ณต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
12:27
It will keep us together,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:28
block radiation and keep us warm.
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์˜จ์„ ์œ ์ง€์‹œ์ผœ ์ค„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
So let's think about this for a minute.
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์ž ์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:34
Food, shelter, clothing, water, oxygen ...
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์‹๋Ÿ‰, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€, ์˜๋ณต, ๋ฌผ, ์‚ฐ์†Œ ...
12:37
we can do this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:39
We really can.
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์ •๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
But it's still a little complicated and a little difficult.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ต์ฃ .
12:45
So that leads to the next big --
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€,
12:48
really big step --
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์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
12:50
in living the good life on Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€
12:52
And that's terraforming the planet:
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ํ™”์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ (ํ…Œ๋ผํฌ๋ฐ)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
making it more like Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๋” ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:56
reengineering an entire planet.
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ํ–‰์„ฑ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
That sounds like a lot of hubris,
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์ž๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
but the truth is
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ
13:03
that the technology to do everything I'm about to tell you already exists.
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์‹ค์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฑธ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
First we've got to warm it up.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ณด์˜จ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:10
Mars is incredibly cold because it has a very thin atmosphere.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์ด ์–‡์•„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ถฅ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
The answer lies here, at the south pole and at the north pole of Mars,
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ํ•ด๋‹ต์€ ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณผ ๋‚จ๊ทน์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
both of which are covered
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜
13:20
with an incredible amount of frozen carbon dioxide --
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๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๋œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:23
dry ice.
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๋“œ๋ผ์ด ์•„์ด์Šค์š”.
13:25
If we heat it up,
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์ด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด์•„์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๋ฉด,
13:26
it sublimes directly into the atmosphere
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋“ฏ
13:29
and thickens the atmosphere the same way it does on Earth.
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์ ˆ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ธต์„ ๋‘ํ…๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
And as we know,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด
13:33
CO2 is an incredibly potent greenhouse gas.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
Now, my favorite way of doing this is to erect a very, very large solar sail
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์†”๋ผ ์„ธ์ผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
13:43
and focus it --
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์ด๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–‘๋น›์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:45
it essentially serves as a mirror --
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์•„ ์ด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
and focus it on the south pole of Mars at first.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–‘๋น›์„ ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ๋‚จ๊ทน์— ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
As the planet spins, it will heat up all that dry ice, sublime it,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ์ž์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด ์•„์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์—ด๋˜์–ด ์Šนํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
and it will go into the atmosphere.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์†์œผ๋กœ ํฉ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
13:55
It actually won't take long
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์€
13:57
for the temperature on Mars to start rising,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
probably less than 20 years.
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20๋…„ ์•ˆ์ด๋ฉด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
Right now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋งŒ ๋งž์œผ๋ฉด,
14:03
on a perfect day at the equator,
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ํ™”์„ฑ ์ ๋„ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€
14:05
in the middle of summer on Mars,
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70๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
temperatures can actually reach 70 degrees,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐค์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
14:10
but then they go down to minus 100 at night.
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์˜ํ•˜ 100๋„๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
14:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:14
What we're shooting for is a runaway greenhouse effect:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์˜จ์‹คํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„์„œ
14:18
enough temperature rise to see a lot of that ice on Mars --
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ์กด์žฌ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ผ์Œ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋•… ์•„๋ž˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ผ์Œ์ด
14:22
especially the ice in the ground -- melt.
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๋…น์„ ๋งŒํผ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
Then we get some real magic.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ •๋ง ์‹ ๋น„ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ํ…Œ์ฃ .
14:28
As the atmosphere gets thicker, everything gets better.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์ด ๋‘๊บผ์›Œ์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
We get more protection from radiation,
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ด ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
14:33
more atmosphere makes us warmer, makes the planet warmer,
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๋‘๊บผ์šด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ธต์€ ๋ณด์˜จ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ , ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
so we get running water
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป๊ณ 
14:38
and that makes crops possible.
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์ž‘๋ฌผ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
Then more water vapor goes into the air, forming yet another potent greenhouse gas.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘์— ์ฆ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜จ์‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:45
It will rain and it will snow on Mars.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋ˆˆ์ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
And a thicker atmosphere will create enough pressure
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๋‘๊บผ์šด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์ด
14:53
so that we can throw away those space suits.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ณต์„ ๋ฒ—์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ด ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
We only need about five pounds of pressure to survive.
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๋‹จ 5ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ(์•ฝ 2.2kg)์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์ด๋ฉด ์ƒ์กด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์š”.
14:59
Eventually, Mars will be made to feel a lot like British Columbia.
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์ ์ฐจ ํ™”์„ฑ์€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์‰ฌ ์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„ (์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์„œ๋ถ€์˜ ์ฃผ) ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
We'll still be left with the complicated problem
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
of making the atmosphere breathable,
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ํ™”์„ฑ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜ธํก ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
15:10
and frankly that could take 1,000 years to accomplish.
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 1,000๋…„ ์ •๋„ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
But humans are amazingly smart and incredibly adaptable.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
There is no telling what our future technology will be able to accomplish
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค„์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
15:22
and no telling what we can do with our own bodies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ญ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
In biology right now,
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ํ˜„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์€
15:28
we are on the very verge of being able to control our own genetics,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„
15:33
what the genes in our own bodies are doing,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
and certainly,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด
15:38
eventually, our own evolution.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
We could end up with a species of human being on Earth
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š”
15:44
that is slightly different from the species of human beings on Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์ด ๋  ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
But what would you do there? How would you live?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋‚˜์š”? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ?
15:52
It's going to be the same as it is on Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ” ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
Somebody's going to start a restaurant,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹๋‹น์„ ์šด์˜ํ• ํ…Œ๊ณ 
15:57
somebody's going to build an iron foundry.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒ  ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์„ธ์šธํ…Œ๊ณ 
16:00
Someone will make documentary movies of Mars
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
16:03
and sell them on Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ํŒ๋งคํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
Some idiot will start a reality TV show.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉ์ฒญ์ด๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์–ผ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ ผ ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“คํ…Œ๊ณ ์š”.
16:09
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:11
There will be software companies,
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์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ํ…Œ๊ณ ,
16:13
there will be hotels, there will be bars.
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ํ˜ธํ…”๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธํ…Œ์ฃ .
16:17
This much is certain:
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
16:19
it will be the most disruptive event in our lifetimes,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
16:23
and I think it will be the most inspiring.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
Ask any 10-year-old girl if she wants to go to Mars.
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์—ด ์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
16:30
Children who are now in elementary school are going to choose to live there.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
Remember when we landed humans on the Moon?
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
16:39
When that happened, people looked at each other and said,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
16:42
"If we can do this, we can do anything."
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"์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชปํ•  ์ผ์ด ์—†๋‹ค".
16:45
What are they going to think when we actually form a colony on Mars?
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์ •๋ง ํ™”์„ฑ์„ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ํ™” ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?
16:50
Most importantly,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€
16:52
it will make us a spacefaring species.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…์กฑ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
16:55
And that means humans will survive no matter what happens on Earth.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ฆ‰ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋„ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ๊ฒƒ ์ž„์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
We will never be the last of our kind.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ข…์กฑ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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