Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming | Nick Hanauer

1,375,423 views ・ 2014-08-12

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jeong-Lan Kinser κ²€ν† : Gemma Lee
00:13
You probably don't know me,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ•„λ§ˆ μ €λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μ§€λ§Œ,
00:15
but I am one of those .01 percenters
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μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ“£κ³  μ½λŠ” 것듀 μ€‘μ˜
00:19
that you hear about and read about,
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.01 νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λ©°
00:20
and I am by any reasonable definition a plutocrat.
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합리적인 μ •μ˜μ— λ”°λ₯Έ λΆ€μœ μΈ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
And tonight, what I would like to do is speak directly
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그리고 였늘밀 μ œκ°€ ν•˜κ³  싢은 것은
00:28
to other plutocrats, to my people,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ€μœ μΈ΅λ“€μ—κ²Œ 직접 λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
because it feels like it's time for us all
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 이야기할 μ‹œκ°„μ΄
00:33
to have a chat.
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된 것 κ°™κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
00:35
Like most plutocrats, I too am a proud
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λΆ€μœ μΈ΅λ“€μ²˜λŸΌ μ €μ—­μ‹œ κ±°λ§Œν•˜κ³ 
00:37
and unapologetic capitalist.
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λ³€λͺ…ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
I have founded, cofounded or funded
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μ €λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 산업에 걸쳐 30κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” 기업듀을
00:43
over 30 companies across a range of industries.
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μ„€λ¦½ν–ˆκ³ , κ³΅λ™μ„€λ¦½ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ νˆ¬μžν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
I was the first non-family investor in Amazon.com.
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μ €λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄λ‹·μ»΄μ˜ 첫 λΉ„κ°€μ‘± νˆ¬μžμžμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
I cofounded a company called aQuantive
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λ‚˜λŠ” aQuantive λΌλŠ” 기업을 κ³΅λ™μ„€λ¦½ν–ˆκ³ 
00:53
that we sold to Microsoft for 6.4 billion dollars.
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κ·Έ 기업을 λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œμ†Œν”„νŠΈμ— 64μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ‘œ νŒ”μ•˜μ£ .
00:57
My friends and I, we own a bank.
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제 μΉœκ΅¬μ™€ μ €λŠ” 은행을 μ†Œμœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
I tell you this β€” (Laughter) β€”
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μ§„μ§œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ›ƒμŒ)
01:02
unbelievable, right?
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믿기지 μ•Šμ£ ?
01:04
I tell you this to show
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 이 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
01:07
that my life is like most plutocrats.
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제 삢이 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λΆ€μœ μΈ΅λ“€κ³Ό κ°™κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
01:10
I have a broad perspective on capitalism
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μ €λŠ” μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜μ™€ λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€μ— λŒ€ν•œ
01:13
and business,
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넓은 μ‹œμ•Όλ₯Ό 가지고 있고
01:15
and I have been rewarded obscenely for that
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ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ—†μ΄ λ§Žμ€ 보상을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
with a life that most of you all
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ 상상할 수 없을 μ •λ„μ˜
01:21
can't even imagine:
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μ‚ΆμœΌλ‘œ 말이죠.
01:23
multiple homes, a yacht, my own plane,
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μ±„μ˜ 집, μš”νŠΈ, μ „μš©κΈ°,
01:26
etc., etc., etc.
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λ“±λ“±λ“±...
01:30
But let's be honest: I am not the smartest person you've ever met.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ†”μ§νžˆ μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ§Œλ‚œ κ°€μž₯ λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
01:33
I am certainly not the hardest working.
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μ €λŠ” κ°€μž₯ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μΌν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
01:35
I was a mediocre student.
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μ €λŠ” ν‰λ²”ν•œ ν•™μƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
I'm not technical at all.
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μ €λŠ” μ „ν˜€ κΈ°μˆ μ μ΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
I can't write a word of code.
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μ €λŠ” μ½”λ“œ ν•œ 쀄도 μ“Έ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
Truly, my success is the consequence
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μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ 제 삢은
01:44
of spectacular luck,
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ꡉμž₯ν•œ 운,
01:47
of birth, of circumstance and of timing.
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μΆœμƒ, 상황, μ‹œκ°„μ˜ κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
But I am actually pretty good at a couple of things.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „ 사싀 λͺ‡ 가지λ₯Ό μ•„μ£Ό μž˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
One, I have an unusually high tolerance for risk,
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첫째둜, μ €λŠ” μœ„ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λΉ„μ •μƒμ μœΌλ‘œ 높은 내성을 κ°–κ³  있으며
02:01
and the other is I have a good sense,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 것은 λ―Έλž˜μ— 무슨 일이 일어날지에 λŒ€ν•œ
02:03
a good intuition about what will happen in the future,
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쒋은 직관을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
and I think that that intuition about the future
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그리고 κ·Έ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 직관은
02:09
is the essence of good entrepreneurship.
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쒋은 κΈ°μ—…κ°€μ˜ 본질이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
So what do I see in our future today,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ œκ°€ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 무엇을 보냐고
02:15
you ask?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄?
02:17
I see pitchforks,
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μ €λŠ” 곑괭이,
02:19
as in angry mobs with pitchforks,
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곑괭이λ₯Ό λ“  ν™”λ‚œ 폭도듀을 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
because while people like us plutocrats
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°™μ€ λΆ€μœ μΈ΅λ“€μ΄
02:29
are living beyond the dreams of avarice,
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νƒμš•μ˜ κΏˆμ„ λ„˜μ–΄ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
02:32
the other 99 percent of our fellow citizens
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 99νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜ λ™λ£Œ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ€
02:35
are falling farther and farther behind.
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λ”μš± 더 멀리 뒀쳐지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
In 1980, the top one percent of Americans
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1980λ…„λŒ€ 미ꡭ의 1% μƒμœ„μΈ΅μ€
02:41
shared about eight percent of national [income],
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κ΅­λ―Ό μ†Œλ“μ˜ 8%λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— ν•˜μœ„ 50%의 미ꡭ인듀은
02:46
shared 18 percent.
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18%λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆμ£ .
02:48
Thirty years later, today, the top one percent
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30λ…„ λ’€ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μƒμœ„ 1%λŠ”
02:52
shares over 20 percent of national [income],
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κ΅­λ―Ό μ†Œλ“μ˜ 20% 이상을 λ‚˜λˆ•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— ν•˜μœ„ 50%의 미ꡭ인듀은
02:57
share 12 or 13.
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12~13 %λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
If the trend continues,
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λ§Œμ•½ 이 μΆ”μ„Έκ°€ μ§€μ†λœλ‹€λ©΄
03:03
the top one percent will share
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μƒμœ„ 1%λŠ”
03:04
over 30 percent of national [income]
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κ΅­λ―Ό μ†Œλ“μ˜ 30% 이상을
03:06
in another 30 years,
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30λ…„ μ•ˆμ— λ‚˜λˆ„κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
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그리고 ν•˜μœ„ 50%의 미ꡭ인듀은
03:10
will share just six.
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6%밖에 λ‚˜λˆ„μ§€ μ•Šκ³  λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
You see, the problem isn't that we have
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 쑰금 λΆˆν‰λ“±ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것이
03:14
some inequality.
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μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
Some inequality is necessary
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쑰금의 λΆˆν‰λ“±μ€
03:19
for a high-functioning capitalist democracy.
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μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ΄λ„λŠ” λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ 잘 κΈ°λŠ₯ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
The problem is that inequality
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” κ·Έ λΆˆν‰λ“±μ΄
03:24
is at historic highs today
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ—­μ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œλ„ 높은 μˆ˜μΉ˜μ— 있고
03:27
and it's getting worse every day.
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날이 갈수둝 μ‹¬ν•΄μ§€λŠ”λ° μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
And if wealth, power, and income
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그리고 λ§Œμ•½ λΆ€, ꢌλ ₯, μ†Œλ“μ΄
03:33
continue to concentrate
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κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ 맀우 μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ μƒμœ„μΈ΅μ—
03:35
at the very tippy top,
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μ§‘μ€‘λ˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄
03:37
our society will change
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우리 μ‚¬νšŒλŠ” 자본 λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜μ—μ„œ
03:39
from a capitalist democracy
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μ‹  λ΄‰κ±΄μ£Όμ˜μ™€
03:41
to a neo-feudalist rentier society
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λΆˆλ‘œμ†Œλ“ μƒν™œμžμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒλ‘œ λ°”λ€”κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
like 18th-century France.
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18μ„ΈκΈ° ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ²˜λŸΌ 말이죠.
03:47
That was France
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그것은 혁λͺ… μ „μ˜
03:50
before the revolution
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ν”„λž‘μŠ€λ‘œμ„œ
03:51
and the mobs with the pitchforks.
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곑괭이λ₯Ό 든폭도듀이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
So I have a message for my fellow plutocrats
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” λ™λ£Œ λΆ€μœ μΈ΅λ“€κ³Ό
03:56
and zillionaires
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μ–΅λ§Œμž₯μžλ“€,
03:58
and for anyone who lives
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그리고 이 문달린 κ±°ν’ˆ 세상에
03:59
in a gated bubble world:
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μ‚΄κ³ μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
Wake up.
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κΉ¨μ–΄λ‚˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
04:03
Wake up. It cannot last.
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κΉ¨μ–΄λ‚˜μ„Έμš”. 이것은 μ§€μ†λ μˆ˜ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
Because if we do not do something
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ν™•μ—°νžˆ λ“€μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 우리 μ‚¬νšŒμ˜
04:09
to fix the glaring economic inequities in our society,
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경제적 λΆˆν‰λ“±μ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 무언가λ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
04:13
the pitchforks will come for us,
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곑괭이듀은 우리λ₯Ό 작으러 올 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
for no free and open society can long sustain
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자유둭고 μ—΄λ¦° μ‚¬νšŒλŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒμŠΉν•˜λŠ”
04:20
this kind of rising economic inequality.
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경제적 λΆˆν‰λ“± μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μœ μ§€ν• μˆ˜ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
It has never happened. There are no examples.
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그것은 μ ˆλŒ€ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜ˆλ„ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
You show me a highly unequal society,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 높은 μ‚¬νšŒμ  λΆˆν‰λ“±μ„ 보여쀀닀면
04:27
and I will show you a police state
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μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ κ²½μ°°κ΅­κ°€λ‚˜
04:29
or an uprising.
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λ°˜λž€μ„ 보여쀄 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
The pitchforks will come for us
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이것을 κ³ μΉ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
04:33
if we do not address this.
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곑괭이듀은 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 올 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
It's not a matter of if, it's when.
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그게 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ–Έμ œλƒμ˜ 문제죠.
04:39
And it will be terrible when they come
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그리고 그것이 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ μ˜¨λ‹€λ©΄
04:42
for everyone,
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맀우 끔찍할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
but particularly for people like us plutocrats.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 특히 μš°λ¦¬κ°™μ€ λΆ€μœ μΈ΅λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ˜¨λ‹€λ©΄ 말이죠.
04:49
I know I must sound like some liberal do-gooder.
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μ œκ°€ 진보적인 곡상적 λ°•μ• μ£Όμ˜μžμ²˜λŸΌ λ“€λ¦¬λ¦¬λΌλŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
I'm not. I'm not making a moral argument
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μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜€. μ €λŠ” 경제적 λΆˆν‰λ“±μ΄ ν‹€λ Έλ‹€λŠ”
04:54
that economic inequality is wrong.
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도덕적 μ£Όμž₯을 ν•˜λŠ”κ²Œ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:58
What I am arguing is that rising economic inequality
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μ œκ°€ μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μƒμŠΉν•˜λŠ” 경제적 λΆˆν‰λ“±μ΄
05:02
is stupid and ultimately self-defeating.
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λ©μ²­ν•˜κ³  ꢁ극적으둜 μžλ©Έμ΄λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
Rising inequality doesn't just increase our risks
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μƒμŠΉν•˜λŠ” λΆˆν‰λ“±μ€ κ·Έμ € κ³‘κ΄­μ΄λ“€λ‘œ μΈν•œ
05:09
from pitchforks,
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μœ„ν—˜μ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚¬ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:11
but it's also terrible for business too.
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λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€μ—λ„ 치λͺ…μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
So the model for us rich guys should be Henry Ford.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°™μ€ λΆ€μžλ“€μ˜ λ³Έλ³΄κΈ°λŠ” 헨리 ν¬λ“œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
When Ford famously introduced the $5 day,
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ν¬λ“œκ°€ κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—” 일반적인 μž„κΈˆμ˜ 2배에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν–ˆλ˜
05:23
which was twice the prevailing wage at the time,
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ν•˜λ£¨ 5λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λ„μž…ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
05:26
he didn't just increase the productivity
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κ·ΈλŠ” 곡μž₯의 생산λ₯ λ§Œ
05:28
of his factories,
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λ†’μ΄λŠ”λ° λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
05:30
he converted exploited autoworkers who were poor
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κ°€λ‚œν•˜κ³  μ°©μ·¨λ‹Ήν•œ μžλ™μ°¨ 제쑰 λ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ„
05:33
into a thriving middle class who could now afford
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그듀이 μƒμ‚°ν•œ μ œν’ˆμ„ μ‚΄ μ—¬μœ κ°€ μžˆλŠ”
05:36
to buy the products that they made.
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λ²ˆμ°½ν•˜λŠ” μ€‘μ‚°μΈ΅μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈμ–΄ λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
Ford intuited what we now know is true,
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ν¬λ“œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆ 진리라고 μ•„λŠ” 것을 μ§κ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
that an economy is best understood as an ecosystem
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κ²½μ œλŠ” μƒνƒœκ³„λ‘œμ„œ κ°€μž₯ 잘 μ΄ν•΄λ˜κ³ 
05:47
and characterized by the same kinds
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μžμ—° μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œ
05:49
of feedback loops you find
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찾을 수 μžˆλŠ” μˆœν™˜ 고리듀과
05:52
in a natural ecosystem,
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같은 νŠΉμ§•μ„ 가지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 말이죠.
05:54
a feedback loop between customers and businesses.
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고객과 λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μˆœν™˜ 고리 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:58
Raising wages increases demand,
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였λ₯΄λŠ” μž„κΈˆμ€ μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
06:01
which increases hiring,
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그것은 κ³ μš©μ„ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λ©°
06:03
which in turn increases wages
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그것은 λ‹€μ‹œ μž„κΈˆμ„ 였λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•˜κ³ 
06:05
and demand and profits,
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μˆ˜μš”μ™€ 이읡을 늘리며
06:07
and that virtuous cycle of increasing prosperity
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κ·Έ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 번영의 μ„ μˆœν™˜μ€
06:12
is precisely what is missing
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  경제 νšŒλ³΅μ—μ„œ
06:14
from today's economic recovery.
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μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ λˆ„λ½λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
And this is why we need to put behind us
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이런 κΉŒλ‹­μœΌλ‘œ
06:24
the trickle-down policies that so dominate
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μ–‘μͺ½ 정당듀을 μ§€λ°°ν•˜λŠ”
06:28
both political parties
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물흐름 정책듀을 λ’€λ‘œ ν•˜κ³ 
06:30
and embrace something I call middle-out economics.
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μ€‘μ‚°μΈ΅μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” κ²½μ œν•™μ„ ν¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
Middle-out economics rejects
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μ€‘μ‚°μΈ΅μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” κ²½μ œν•™μ€
06:35
the neoclassical economic idea
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μ‹ κ³ μ „μ£Όμ˜ 경제 관념, 즉
06:38
that economies are efficient, linear, mechanistic,
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κ²½μ œλŠ” 효율적이고, 일차적이고, 기계적이며
06:42
that they tend towards equilibrium and fairness,
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κ· ν˜•μ„±κ³Ό 곡정성을 ν–₯ν•˜λ €λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŒμ„ κ±°λΆ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:45
and instead embraces the 21st-century idea
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λŒ€μ‹ μ— 21μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ 아이디어,
06:49
that economies are complex, adaptive,
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κ²½μ œλŠ” λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³ , 적응적이며,
06:52
ecosystemic,
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μƒνƒœκ³„μ μ΄κ³ 
06:54
that they tend away from equilibrium and toward inequality,
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ν‰ν˜•κ³Ό κ³΅μ •μ„±μ—μ„œ λ©€μ–΄μ§€λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŒμ„ ν¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
that they're not efficient at all
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κ²½μ œλŠ” μ „ν˜€ νš¨μœ¨μ μ΄μ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ
06:59
but are effective if well managed.
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잘 κ΄€λ¦¬λœλ‹€λ©΄ νš¨μœ¨μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
This 21st-century perspective
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이 21μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ 관점은
07:06
allows you to clearly see that capitalism
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μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜κ°€
07:09
does not work by [efficiently] allocating
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μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” μžμ›μ„ 효율적으둜 ν• λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ”
07:12
existing resources.
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μ œλŒ€λ‘œ κ΅΄λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ μ•ŠμŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:14
It works by [efficiently] creating new solutions
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그것은 인간 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 해결책을
07:20
to human problems.
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찾으며 μ§„ν–‰λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
The genius of capitalism
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자본주의의 독창성은
07:24
is that it is an evolutionary solution-finding system.
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μ§„ν™”ν•˜λŠ” ν•΄κ²° μ°ΎκΈ° μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
It rewards people for solving other people's problems.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 보상해 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:35
The difference between a poor society
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ™€ 잘 μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ˜
07:38
and a rich society, obviously,
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λͺ…λ°±ν•œ 차이점은
07:40
is the degree to which that society
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μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ μ‹œλ―Όμ„ μœ„ν•΄
07:43
has generated solutions in the form
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해결책을 μ–Όλ§ˆλ§ŒνΌ
07:45
of products for its citizens.
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μƒν’ˆμ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μƒμ„±ν–ˆλŠ”κ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:48
The sum of the solutions
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μš°λ¦¬μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ κ°–κ³  μžˆλŠ”
07:49
that we have in our society
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ν•΄κ²°μ±…λ“€μ˜ 집합은
07:51
really is our prosperity, and this explains
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μ •λ§λ‘œ 우리의 λ²ˆμ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 이것은
07:54
why companies like Google and Amazon
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μ™œ ꡬ글, μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄,
07:56
and Microsoft and Apple
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λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œμ†Œν”„νŠΈ, μ• ν”Œκ³Ό 같은 κΈ°μ—…κ³Ό
07:58
and the entrepreneurs who created those companies
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κ·Έ 기업듀을 λ§Œλ“  기업가듀이
08:01
have contributed so much
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κ΅­κ°€μ˜ λ²ˆμ˜μ—
08:05
to our nation's prosperity.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 많이 κ³΅ν—Œν–ˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
This 21st-century perspective
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이 21μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ 관점은
08:10
also makes clear
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 경제 μ„±μž₯이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것은
08:13
that what we think of as economic growth
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” μ†λ„λ‘œ
08:15
is best understood as
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잘 이해해야 함을
08:17
the rate at which we solve problems.
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λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
But that rate is totally dependent upon
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ μ†λ„λŠ” μˆœμ „νžˆ
08:23
how many problem solvers β€”
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ 문제 ν•΄κ²°μžλ“€κ³Ό λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ³ ,
08:27
diverse, able problem solvers β€” we have,
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λŠ₯λ ₯μžˆλŠ” 문제 ν•΄κ²°μžλ“€μ΄ μžˆλƒμ— 달렀 있고
08:29
and thus how many of our fellow citizens
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그리고 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ λ™λ£Œ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ΄
08:32
actively participate,
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ν™œλ™μ μœΌλ‘œ μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠλƒμ— 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
both as entrepreneurs who can offer solutions,
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해법을 μ œκ³΅ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°μ—…κ°€λ‘œμ„œ,
08:38
and as customers who consume them.
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그리고 μ†ŒλΉ„ν•˜λŠ” μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ‘œμ„œ 말이죠.
08:42
But this maximizing participation thing
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό μ΅œλŒ€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것은
08:46
doesn't happen by accident.
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μš°μ—°νžˆ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
It doesn't happen by itself.
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슀슀둜 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:49
It requires effort and investment,
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λ…Έλ ₯κ³Ό νˆ¬μžκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
which is why all
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그것은 λͺ¨λ“ 
08:56
highly prosperous capitalist democracies
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맀우 λΆ€μœ ν•œ 자본주의적 λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λ“€μ΄
08:59
are characterized by massive investments
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그듀이 μ˜μ§€ν•˜λŠ”
09:01
in the middle class and the infrastructure
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쀑산측과 기반 μ‹œμ„€μ—
09:04
that they depend on.
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λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ νˆ¬μžν•΄μ„œ ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
We plutocrats need to get this
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우리 λΆ€μœ μΈ΅λ“€μ€ 이런
09:09
trickle-down economics thing behind us,
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물흐름 κ²½μ œν•™,
09:12
this idea that the better we do,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 더 μž˜ν• μˆ˜λ‘,
09:14
the better everyone else will do.
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 더 μž˜ν• κ±°λΌλŠ” 생각을 λ’€λ‘œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
It's not true. How could it be?
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이것은 사싀이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œ μ•„λ‹ˆλƒκ΅¬μš”?
09:20
I earn 1,000 times the median wage,
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μ €λŠ” 쀑간 μž„κΈˆμ˜ 1,000λ°°λ₯Ό λ²Œμ§€λ§Œ
09:24
but I do not buy 1,000 times as much stuff,
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1,000배둜 λ§Žμ€ 물건듀을 사지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
do I?
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μ œκ°€ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:28
I actually bought two pairs of these pants,
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μ €λŠ” 사싀 이 바지λ₯Ό 두 벌 μƒ€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
what my partner Mike calls
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제 λ™λ£ŒμΈ λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λŠ” 이것을
09:34
my manager pants.
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λ§€λ‹ˆμ € 바지라고 λΆ€λ₯΄μ£ .
09:35
I could have bought 2,000 pairs,
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μ €λŠ” 이 바지λ₯Ό 2,000벌 μ‚΄μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
09:38
but what would I do with them? (Laughter)
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κ·Έκ±Έ λ‹€ μ‚¬μ„œ λ­ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? (μ›ƒμŒ)
09:41
How many haircuts can I get?
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λͺ‡ λ²ˆμ΄λ‚˜ μ΄λ°œμ„ ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
09:44
How often can I go out to dinner?
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 자주 외식을 ν• κΉŒμš”?
09:48
No matter how wealthy a few plutocrats get,
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μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ λΆ€μœ μΈ΅λ“€μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λΆ€μžμΈκ°€μ™€λŠ” 상관없이
09:52
we can never drive a great national economy.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ ˆλŒ€λ‘œ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ κ΅­κ°€ 경제λ₯Ό 이끌 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:55
Only a thriving middle class can do that.
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였직 λ²ˆμ°½ν•˜λŠ” μ€‘μ‚°μΈ΅λ“€λ§Œμ΄ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:01
There's nothing to be done,
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μ–΄μ©” μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†λ‹€κ³ 
10:03
my plutocrat friends might say.
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제 λΆ€μœ μΈ΅ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ€ 말할지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:07
Henry Ford was in a different time.
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헨리 ν¬λ“œλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œλŒ€μ— μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
Maybe we can't do some things.
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό ν• μˆ˜ 없을지 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
Maybe we can do some things.
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
June 19, 2013,
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2013λ…„ 6μ›” 19일,
10:19
Bloomberg published an article I wrote called
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λΈ”λ£Έλ²„κ·ΈλŠ” μ œκ°€ μ“΄ 기사λ₯Ό μ‹€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:23
"The Capitalist’s Case for a $15 Minimum Wage."
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그것은 "15λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ μ΅œμ†Œ μž„κΈˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ 자본주의자의 μ†Œμ†‘"μ΄λž€ 제λͺ©μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
10:28
The good people at Forbes magazine,
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μ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ μ‘΄κ²½ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ κ°€μš΄λ°
10:31
among my biggest admirers,
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포브슀 μž‘μ§€μ˜ 쒋은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
10:33
called it "Nick Hanauer's near-insane proposal."
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그것을 "닉 ν•˜λ‚˜μš°μ–΄ 의 미친 것에 κ°€κΉŒμš΄ μ œμ•ˆ"이라고 λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:37
And yet, just 350 days
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그리고 κ·Έ 기사가 λ‚˜μ˜¨ 지
10:41
after that article was published,
217
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350일이 μ§€λ‚œ λ’€,
10:43
Seattle's Mayor Ed Murray signed into law
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μ‹œμ• ν‹€μ˜ μ‹œμž₯ μ—λ“œ λ¨Έλ ˆμ΄λŠ” 그것을 λ²•μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
10:46
an ordinance raising the minimum wage in Seattle
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μ‹œμ—ν‹€μ˜ μ΅œμ†Œ μž„κΈˆμ„ μ‹œκ°„λ‹Ή 15λ‹¬λŸ¬λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 것을
10:50
to 15 dollars an hour,
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μ‘°λ‘€λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
10:52
more than double
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그것은 μ—°λ°© μ •λΆ€μ—μ„œ μ •ν•œ 7.25λ‹¬λŸ¬λ³΄λ‹€
10:53
what the prevailing federal $7.25 rate is.
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두배 이상 λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:58
How did this happen,
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이것이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€
11:00
reasonable people might ask.
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합리적인 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 물을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
It happened because a group of us
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그것은 우리 그룹이
11:03
reminded the middle class
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μ€‘μ‚°μΈ΅λ“€μ΄μ•Όλ§λ‘œ
11:05
that they are the source
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자본주의 κ²½μ œμ—μ„œ
11:06
of growth and prosperity in capitalist economies.
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μ„±μž₯κ³Ό 번영의 κ·Όμ›μž„μ„ μƒκΈ°μ‹œμΌœ μ£Όμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:10
We reminded them that when workers have more money,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ…Έλ™μžκ°€ 더 λ§Žμ€ λˆμ„ 가지고 μžˆμ„ λ•Œ,
11:14
businesses have more customers,
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λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ μ†λ‹˜μ„ 가지며,
11:15
and need more employees.
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더 λ§Žμ€ 일꾼이 ν•„μš”ν•¨μ„ μ•Œλ €μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:17
We reminded them that when businesses
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€κ°€
11:20
pay workers a living wage,
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μΌκΎΌλ“€μ—κ²Œ μƒν™œ μž„κΈˆμ„ μ§€λΆˆν•  λ•Œ,
11:23
taxpayers are relieved of the burden
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λ‚©μ„Έμžλ“€μ€ λΉˆκ³€μ— λŒ€ν•œ νˆ¬μžλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
11:25
of funding the poverty programs
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뢀담이 완화됨을 μΌκΉ¨μ›Œμ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:26
like food stamps and medical assistance
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μ‹λ£Œν’ˆ 할인 κ΅¬λ§€κΆŒμ΄λ‚˜ 의료 지원
11:29
and rent assistance
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그리고 집세 보쑰 λ“±μ˜
11:31
that those workers need.
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일꾼듀이 ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 말이죠.
11:33
We reminded them that low-wage workers
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ €μž„κΈˆ 일꾼듀이
11:36
make terrible taxpayers,
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쒋지 μ•Šμ€ λ‚©μ„Έμžλ“€μ΄ 됨을 μΌκΉ¨μ›Œμ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
and that when you raise the minimum wage
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬μ—…μ—μ„œ
11:41
for all businesses,
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μ΅œμ†Œμž„κΈˆμ„ 올릴 λ•Œ,
11:43
all businesses benefit
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λͺ¨λ“  사업이 μ΄λ‘œμ›€μ„ μ–»μœΌλ©΄μ„œ
11:44
yet all can compete.
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κ²½μŸν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:47
Now the orthodox reaction, of course,
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이제 정톡적인 λ°˜μ‘μ€ λ¬Όλ‘ 
11:49
is raising the minimum wage costs jobs. Right?
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μ΅œμ†Œμž„κΈˆμ˜ μƒμŠΉμ΄ 일자리λ₯Ό ν¬μƒν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
11:53
Your politician's always echoing
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μ •μΉ˜μΈλ“€μ€ 항상 λ°˜λ³΅ν•΄μ„œ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:55
that trickle-down idea by saying things like,
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물흐름 νš¨κ³Όμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜μ£ .
11:58
"Well, if you raise the price of employment,
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"μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 고용의 λŒ“κ°€λ₯Ό μΈμƒν•œλ‹€λ©΄
12:00
guess what happens? You get less of it."
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무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚ κΉŒμš”? 고용의 λŒ“κ°€κ°€ μ€„μ–΄λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€."
12:03
Are you sure?
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ν™•μ‹€ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
12:06
Because there's some contravening evidence.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 일뢀 λ°˜ν•˜λŠ” 증거가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
Since 1980, the wages of CEOs in our country
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1980λ…„λΆ€ν„° 미ꡭ의 CEOλ“€μ˜ μž„κΈˆμ€
12:14
have gone from about 30 times the median wage
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평균 μž„κΈˆμ˜ 30μ—μ„œ 500λ°°κΉŒμ§€
12:16
to 500 times.
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μ˜¬λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:19
That's raising the price of employment.
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그것은 고용의 가격을 μΈμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:22
And yet, to my knowledge,
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그리고 제 지식에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄,
12:25
I have never seen a company
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μ €λŠ” CEO의 일을 외뢀에 맑기고
12:27
outsource its CEO's job, automate their job,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 일을 μžλ™ν™”μ‹œν‚€κ³ , κ·Έ 일을 μ€‘κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ
12:31
export the job to China.
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μˆ˜μΆœν•˜λŠ” 기업은 λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:33
In fact, we appear to be employing
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사싀 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ CEOλ“€κ³Ό
12:35
more CEOs and senior managers than ever before.
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κ³ μœ„ κ΄€λ¦¬μžλ“€μ„ 전보닀 더 많이 κ³ μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:38
So too for technology workers
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κΈ°μˆ μžλ“€κ³Ό 금육 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ κ·Όλ¬΄μžλ“€λ„
12:42
and financial services workers,
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:44
who earn multiples of the median wage
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그듀은 평균 μž„κΈˆλ³΄λ‹€ λͺ‡ 배둜 λ²„λŠ”λ°
12:47
and yet we employ more and more of them,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그듀을 점점 더 많이 κ³ μš©ν•˜λ©°
12:49
so clearly you can raise the price of employment
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λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 고용의 λŒ“κ°€λ₯Ό μΈμƒν•΄μ„œ
12:54
and get more of it.
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더 많이 벌 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:56
I know that most people
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μ €λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
12:58
think that the $15 minimum wage
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15λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ μ΅œμ†Œ μž„κΈˆμ΄ λ―ΈμΉœμ§“μ΄κ³ 
13:00
is this insane, risky economic experiment.
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μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 경제적 μ‹€ν—˜μ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:04
We disagree.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ™μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
We believe that the $15 minimum wage
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 15λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ μ΅œμ†Œμž„κΈˆμ΄
13:08
in Seattle
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μ‹œμ• ν‹€μ—μ„œ
13:09
is actually the continuation
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 논리적 경제 μ •μ±…μ˜
13:11
of a logical economic policy.
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지속이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:14
It is allowing our city
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그것은 우리 λ„μ‹œκ°€
13:16
to kick your city's ass.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό λ°•μ‚΄λ‚΄κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:19
Because, you see,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄
13:20
Washington state already has
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μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄ μ£ΌλŠ” 이미
13:22
the highest minimum wage
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 높은
13:24
of any state in the nation.
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μ΅œμ €μž„κΈˆμ œλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:25
We pay all workers $9.32,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  λ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 9.32λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ£ΌλŠ”λ°
13:28
which is almost 30 percent more
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μ—°λ°© μ •λΆ€μ˜ 7.25 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ³΄λ‹€
13:29
than the federal minimum of 7.25,
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30% κ°€κΉŒμ΄ λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:32
but crucially, 427 percent more
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 νŒμ„ λ°›λŠ” λ…Έλ™μžμ˜
13:36
than the federal tipped minimum of 2.13.
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μ—°λ°© μ΅œμ†Œμž„κΈˆμΈ 2.13λ‹¬λŸ¬λ³΄λ‹€ 427% 더 많죠.
13:40
If trickle-down thinkers were right,
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물흐름 효과λ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ§žλ‹€λ©΄
13:42
then Washington state should have massive unemployment.
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μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ£ΌλŠ” 맀우 큰 μ‹€μ—…λž€μ„ κ²ͺμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:45
Seattle should be sliding into the ocean.
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μ‹œμ• ν‹€μ€ λ°”λ‹€ μ•„λž˜λ‘œ 가라앉아야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:48
And yet, Seattle
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ‹œμ• ν‹€μ€
13:51
is the fastest-growing big city in the country.
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ„±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€λ„μ‹œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:55
Washington state is generating small business jobs
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μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ£ΌλŠ” μž‘μ€ μΌμžλ¦¬λ“€μ„ μƒμ„±ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:59
at a higher rate than any other major state
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미ꡭ의 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ£Όμš” 주듀보닀
14:02
in the nation.
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더 높은 λΉ„μœ¨λ‘œ 말이죠.
14:03
The restaurant business in Seattle? Booming.
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μ‹œμ• ν‹€μ˜ λ ˆμŠ€ν† λž‘ 사업이 λ²ˆμ°½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:07
Why? Because the fundamental law of capitalism is,
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μ™œλƒκ΅¬μš”? μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 자본주의의 κΈ°λ³Έ 법칙은
14:12
when workers have more money,
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일꾼듀이 더 λ§Žμ€ λˆμ„ 가지고 μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
14:13
businesses have more customers
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λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ μ†λ‹˜μ„ κ°–κ³ 
14:15
and need more workers.
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더 λ§Žμ€ 일꾼듀이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:17
When restaurants pay restaurant workers enough
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λ ˆμŠ€ν† λž‘μ΄ μΌκΎΌλ“€μ—κ²Œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μž„κΈˆμ„ μ§€κΈ‰ν•˜λ©΄
14:20
so that even they can afford to eat in restaurants,
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그듀도 λ ˆμŠ€ν† λž‘μ—μ„œ 먹을 수 있고
14:24
that's not bad for the restaurant business.
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그것은 λ ˆμŠ€ν† λž‘ λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€μ— ν•΄κ°€ λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:27
That's good for it,
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그것은 쒋은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:28
despite what some restaurateurs may tell you.
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비둝 λͺ‡λͺ‡ μŒμ‹μ λ“€μ΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λ”λΌλ„.
14:33
Is it more complicated than I'm making out?
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀 더 λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ“€λ¦¬λ‚˜μš”?
14:35
Of course it is.
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λ¬Όλ‘  κ·ΈλŸ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:36
There are a lot of dynamics at play.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ³€μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:38
But can we please stop insisting
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 제발 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ” 것을 멈μΆ₯μ‹œλ‹€.
14:40
that if low-wage workers earn a little bit more,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ €μž„κΈˆ 일꾼듀이 쑰금 더 λ²ˆλ‹€λ©΄
14:43
unemployment will skyrocket
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μ‹€μ—…λ₯ μ€ ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ 찌λ₯΄κ³ 
14:44
and the economy will collapse?
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κ²½μ œλŠ” λ¬΄λ„ˆμ§ˆκΉŒμš”?
14:46
There is no evidence for it.
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κ±°κΈ°μ—λŠ” 증거가 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:48
The most insidious thing
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물흐름 κ²½μ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄
14:50
about trickle-down economics
315
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κ°€μž₯ κ΅ν™œν•œ 점은
14:51
is not the claim that if the rich get richer,
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λΆ€μžκ°€ 더 λΆ€μžκ°€ λ˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
14:54
everyone is better off.
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ λ‚˜μ•„μ§€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:55
It is the claim made by those who oppose
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그것은 μ΅œμ†Œμž„κΈˆμ˜ 인상을 λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
14:58
any increase in the minimum wage
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λ§Œλ“  μ£Όμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:00
that if the poor get richer,
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λ§Œμ•½ κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λΆ€μœ ν•΄μ§„λ‹€λ©΄
15:02
that will be bad for the economy.
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κ²½μ œμ— ν•΄κ°€ 될 것이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:04
This is nonsense.
322
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말도 μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:06
So can we please dispense with this rhetoric
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 제발 이 미사여ꡬλ₯Ό μƒλž΅ν• μˆ˜ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
15:10
that says that rich guys like me
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μ €μ²˜λŸΌ λΆ€μžμΈ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό
15:12
and my plutocrat friends
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λΆ€μœ μΈ΅ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ΄
15:15
made our country?
326
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미ꡭ을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 말을 λ§μ•„μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
15:18
We plutocrats know,
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우리 λΆ€μœ μΈ΅λ“€μ€ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:20
even if we don't like to admit it in public,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 곡개적으둜 μΈμ •ν•˜κ³  싢지 μ•Šλ”λΌλ„
15:22
that if we had been born somewhere else,
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³³μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬λ”λΌλ©΄,
15:24
not here in the United States,
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이 미ꡭ이 μ•„λ‹Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³³μ—μ„œλΌλ©΄,
15:26
we might very well be just some dude standing barefoot
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έμ € 맨발둜 μ„  채 ν™λ„λ‘œ μ˜†μ—μ„œ
15:29
by the side of a dirt road selling fruit.
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과일을 νŒ”κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ— λΆˆκ³Όν• μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:32
It's not that they don't have good entrepreneurs in other places,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³³μ—μ„œ, μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό κ°€λ‚œν•œ κ³³μ—μ„œ
15:35
even very, very poor places.
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쒋은 κΈ°μ—…κ°€λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:37
It's just that that's all
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κ·Έ κΈ°μ—…κ°€μ˜ μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ΄
15:38
that those entrepreneurs' customers can afford.
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μ‚΄ 수 μžˆλŠ”κ²Œ 그게 λ‹€λΌλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
15:43
So here's an idea for a new kind of economics,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 여기에 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ²½μ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 아이디어가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:47
a new kind of politics
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ°¨μ›μ˜ μ •μΉ˜,
15:49
that I call new capitalism.
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μ œκ°€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 자본주의라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:52
Let's acknowledge that capitalism
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μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜κ°€ λŒ€μ•ˆμ„ μ΄κΈ΄λ‹€λŠ” 것을
15:54
beats the alternatives,
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인식해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:56
but also that the more people we include,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€,
16:00
both as entrepreneurs and as customers,
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기업가와 μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€ λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό 포함할 λ•Œ
16:04
the better it works.
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더 μ’‹κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:06
Let's by all means shrink the size of government,
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μ •λΆ€μ˜ 규λͺ¨λŠ” μ€„μ΄λ˜
16:10
but not by slashing the poverty programs,
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빈곀 ꡬ제 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨λ“€μ„ λ‚΄μΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
16:12
but by ensuring that workers are paid enough
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μΌκΎΌλ“€μ—κ²Œ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ§€λΆˆν•΄μ„œ
16:14
so that they actually don't need those programs.
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그듀이 더이상 κ·Έ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨λ“€μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ 말이죠.
16:18
Let's invest enough in the middle class
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쀑산측에 μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 투자λ₯Ό ν•΄μ„œ
16:21
to make our economy fairer and more inclusive,
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우리 경제λ₯Ό 더 ν‰λ“±ν•˜κ²Œ 더 포용적으둜 λ§Œλ“­μ‹œλ‹€.
16:24
and by fairer, more truly competitive,
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ν‰λ“±μœΌλ‘œ μ§„μ •ν•œ κ²½μŸμ„ ν•˜κ³ 
16:28
and by more truly competitive,
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μ§„μ •ν•œ 경쟁으둜
16:29
more able to generate the solutions
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인간 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 해결책듀을
16:32
to human problems
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내놓을 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:34
that are the true drivers of growth and prosperity.
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κ·Έκ²ƒμ΄μ•Όλ§λ‘œ μ„±μž₯κ³Ό 번영의 μ§„μ‹€ν•œ 좔진λ ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:39
Capitalism is the greatest social technology
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μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜λŠ” μ—¬νƒœκΉŒμ§€ 발λͺ…λœ
16:43
ever invented
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κ°€μž₯ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒ κΈ°μˆ λ‘œμ„œ
16:44
for creating prosperity in human societies,
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잘 κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λ©΄
16:47
if it is well managed,
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인간 μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ λ²ˆμ˜μ„ μ°½μ‘°ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
16:49
but capitalism, because of the fundamental
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μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜λŠ” 기본적으둜 λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ³ 
16:52
multiplicative dynamics of complex systems,
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λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ μ—­ν•™ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
16:55
tends towards, inexorably, inequality,
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가차없이 λΆˆν‰λ“±, 집쀑, λΆ•κ΄΄λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄
16:58
concentration and collapse.
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κ°€λ €λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:03
The work of democracies
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민주주의의 역할은
17:05
is to maximize the inclusion of the many
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λ²ˆμ˜μ„ μ°½μ‘°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
17:10
in order to create prosperity,
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ ν¬μš©μ„ κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ΄κ³ 
17:12
not to enable the few to accumulate money.
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μ†Œμˆ˜κ°€ λˆμ„ μΆ•μ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:16
Government does create prosperity and growth,
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μ •λΆ€λŠ”
17:20
by creating the conditions that allow
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기업가와 μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨λ‘
17:23
both entrepreneurs and their customers
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λ²ˆμ°½ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 쑰건을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ
17:26
to thrive.
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번영과 μ„±μž₯을 μ°½μ‘°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:27
Balancing the power of capitalists like me
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저같은 μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€κ³Ό μΌκΎΌλ“€μ˜
17:31
and workers isn't bad for capitalism.
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힘 κ· ν˜•μ„ λ§žμΆ”λŠ” 것은 μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜μ— λ‚˜μ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:34
It's essential to it.
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그것은 κΌ­ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:36
Programs like a reasonable minimum wage,
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합리적인 μ΅œμ €μž„κΈˆμ œμ™€
17:38
affordable healthcare,
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μ•Œλ§žμ€ κ°€κ²©μ˜ μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜,
17:40
paid sick leave,
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μœ κΈ‰ 병가,
17:42
and the progressive taxation necessary
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그리고 λˆ„μ§„μ„ΈλŠ”
17:45
to pay for the important infrastructure
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쀑산측듀을 μœ„ν•œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€,
17:47
necessary for the middle class like education, R and D,
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ꡐ윑, R&D와 같은 것을 μ§€λΆˆν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:51
these are indispensable tools
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀은 μ˜λ¦¬ν•œ μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ΄
17:54
shrewd capitalists should embrace
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μ„±μž₯을 도λͺ¨ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
17:56
to drive growth, because no one benefits from it
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ν¬μš©ν•΄μ•Όν•  ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ λ„κ΅¬λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 아무도 우리처럼
18:00
like us.
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이읡을 얻지 μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:02
Many economists would have you believe
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λ§Žμ€ κ²½μ œν•™μžλ“€μ€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λΆ„μ•Όκ°€
18:04
that their field is an objective science.
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객관적인 과학이라고 λ―Ώκ²Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:07
I disagree, and I think that it is equally
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μ €λŠ” λ™μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λŠ” κ²½μ œν•™λ„
18:10
a tool that humans use
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ„κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œ
18:12
to enforce and encode
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μ§€μœ„μ™€ ꢌλ ₯에 λŒ€ν•œ
18:14
our social and moral preferences and prejudices
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  도덕적 μ·¨ν–₯κ³Ό νŽΈκ²¬μ„
18:17
about status and power,
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μ§‘ν–‰ν•˜κ³  κ°•ν™”ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:21
which is why plutocrats like me
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κ·Έ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 저같은 λΆ€μœ μΈ΅λ“€μ΄
18:23
have always needed to find persuasive stories
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μ™œ 우리의 μƒλŒ€μ μΈ 직책듀이 λ„λ•μ μœΌλ‘œ
18:27
to tell everyone else
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λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ μ’‹κ³  μ˜³μ€μ§€
18:29
about why our relative positions
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λ§ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 항상 섀득λ ₯μžˆλŠ”
18:33
are morally righteous and good for everyone:
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이야기듀을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:37
like, we are indispensable, the job creators,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—†μ–΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆλ  μ‚¬λžŒμ΄κ³  일자리λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄μ§€λ§Œ
18:42
and you are not;
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:44
like, tax cuts for us create growth,
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우리의 μ„ΈκΈˆμ„ μΈν•˜ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 것은 μ„±μž₯을 도λͺ¨ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
18:47
but investments in you
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ νˆ¬μžν•˜λŠ” 것은
18:49
will balloon our debt
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λΉšμ„ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³ 
18:51
and bankrupt our great country;
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미ꡭ을 νŒŒμ‚°ν•˜κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€λΌλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
18:54
that we matter;
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
18:55
that you don't.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
18:58
For thousands of years, these stories were called
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λͺ‡ μ²œλ…„λ™μ•ˆ 이 이야기듀은
19:00
divine right.
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μ‹ μ„±ν•œ ꢌ리라고 λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:02
Today, we have trickle-down economics.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 물흐름 κ²½μ œν•™μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:06
How obviously, transparently self-serving
408
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λͺ…λ°±ν•˜κ³  λ»”ν•˜κ²Œ
19:10
all of this is.
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자기 μž‡μ†λ§Œ μ°¨λ¦¬λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
19:12
We plutocrats need to see
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우리 λΆ€μœ μΈ΅λ“€μ€
19:14
that the United States of America made us,
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미ꡭ이 우리λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŒμ„ 봐야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:17
not the other way around;
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 미ꡭ을 λ§Œλ“ κ²Œ μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
19:18
that a thriving middle class is the source
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λ²ˆμ˜ν•˜λŠ” 쀑산측이 자본주의 κ²½μ œμ—μ„œ
19:21
of prosperity in capitalist economies,
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번영의 근원이고
19:24
not a consequence of it.
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κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:26
And we should never forget
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ ˆλŒ€ μžŠμ–΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:29
that even the best of us in the worst of circumstances
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비둝 졜고인 μš°λ¦¬λ“€λ„ μ΅œμ•…μ˜ μƒν™©μ—μ„œλŠ”
19:33
are barefoot by the side of a dirt road selling fruit.
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κ·Έμ € 맨발둜 ν™κΈΈμ—μ„œ 과일을 νŒŒλŠ”κ²ƒμ— λΆˆκ³Όν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
19:38
Fellow plutocrats, I think it may be time for us
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λ™λ£Œ λΆ€μœ μΈ΅λ“€κ»˜ μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€
19:41
to recommit to our country,
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미ꡭ을 μœ„ν•΄ 일할 λ•ŒλΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:43
to commit to a new kind of capitalism
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더 포용적이고 더 효율적인 자본주의λ₯Ό νˆ¬μž…ν•΄μ„œ
19:46
which is both more inclusive and more effective,
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미ꡭ의 κ²½μ œκ°€ μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ—­λ™μ ν•˜κ³ 
19:50
a capitalism that will ensure
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λ²ˆμ˜ν• κ²ƒμž„μ„ ν™•μ‹€ν•˜κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
19:52
that America's economy remains
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 자본주의λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν• 
19:55
the most dynamic and prosperous in the world.
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ™”λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:59
Let's secure the future for ourselves,
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우리 μžμ‹ κ³Ό 아이듀,
20:01
our children and their children.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 아이듀을 μœ„ν•΄ 미래λ₯Ό μ§€ν‚΅μ‹œλ‹€.
20:04
Or alternatively, we could do nothing,
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λŒ€μ‹ μ— 아무것도 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
20:07
hide in our gated communities
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문이 λ‹«κΈ΄ 곡동체와
20:09
and private schools,
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사립 학ꡐ μ•ˆμ— μˆ¨μ–΄μ„œ
20:12
enjoy our planes and yachts
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μ „μš©κΈ°μ™€ μš”νŠΈλ₯Ό 즐기면
20:14
β€” they're fun β€”
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μž¬λ―ΈλŠ” μžˆκ² μ§€λ§Œ
20:16
and wait for the pitchforks.
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곑괭이λ₯Ό 기닀리면 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:18
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:19
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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