Why we have virus outbreaks & how we can prevent them | Nathan Wolfe

314,334 views ใƒป 2009-03-27

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seo Rim Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:18
When most people think about the beginnings
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—์ด์ฆˆ(AIDS)์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ๋•Œ,
00:20
of AIDS, they're gonna think back to the 1980s.
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1980๋…„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ์ด์ผœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
And certainly, this was the decade in which we discovered AIDS
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ทธ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์—์ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ณ 
00:26
and the virus that causes it, HIV.
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HIV ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ณ‘์˜ ์›์ธ์ž„์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
But in fact this virus crossed over into humans many decades before,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ „์—ผ๋˜์–ด์™”๊ณ ,
00:33
from chimpanzees, where the virus originated, into humans who hunt these apes.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ธ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
This photo was taken before the Great Depression
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋Œ€๊ณตํ™ฉ ์ด์ „์—
00:40
in Brazzaville, Congo.
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์ฝฉ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์ž๋นŒ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
At this time, there were thousands of individuals,
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์ด ๋‹น์‹œ์—,๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„  HIV ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ
00:44
we think, that were infected with HIV.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
So I have a couple of really important questions for you.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
If this virus was in thousands
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€
00:49
of individuals at this point,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ชธ์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
00:51
why was it the case that it took us until 1984
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์™œ 1984๋…„์— ์™€์„œ์•ผ
00:54
to be able to discover this virus?
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์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:56
OK now, more importantly,
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€,
00:58
had we been there in the '40s and '50s, '60s,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 40, 50, 60๋…„๋Œ€์— ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:01
had we seen this disease, had we understood
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ์ •์„
01:04
exactly what was going on with it, how might that have changed and completely
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ณ€์ด๋˜์–ด
01:07
transformed the nature of the way this pandemic moved?
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:12
In fact, this is not unique to HIV. The vast majority of
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด๋Š” HIV์—๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
viruses come from animals.
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
And you can kind of think of this as a pyramid of this bubbling up of viruses
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋™๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“ค์„
01:20
from animals into human populations.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:22
But only at the very top of this pyramid do these things become completely human.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ์ •์ ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ „์ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
Nevertheless, we spend the vast majority
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ์—
01:28
of our energy focused on this level of the pyramid,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
trying to tackle things that are already completely adapted to human beings,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ ์‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:34
that are going to be very very difficult to address --
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๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
as we've seen in the case of HIV.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ HIV์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
01:38
So during the last 15 years,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ 15๋…„ ๊ฐ„,
01:40
I've been working to actually study the earlier interface here --
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ฑ„ํ„ฐ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
what I've labeled "viral chatter," which was a term coined
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"๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ฑ„ํ„ฐ"๋Š” ์ œ ์€์‚ฌ์ธ ๋ˆ ๋ฒŒํฌ๊ฐ€
01:45
by my mentor Don Burke.
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๋งŒ๋“  ์šฉ์–ด์ธ๋ฐ์š”
01:47
This is the idea that we can study the sort of
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€
01:49
pinging of these viruses into human populations,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์นจํˆฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
01:52
the movement of these agents over into humans;
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:54
and by capturing this moment,
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๊ฐ์—ผ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด
01:56
we might be able to move to a situation where we can catch them early.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
OK, so this is a picture, and I'm going to show you
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€
02:01
some pictures now from the field.
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์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋ช‡ ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
This is a picture of a central African hunter.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์•™ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
It's actually a fairly common picture.
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์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์ง€๋งŒ
02:07
One of the things I want you to note from it
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
02:09
is blood -- that you see a tremendous amount of blood contact.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
This was absolutely key for us. This is a
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ด์‡ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
very intimate form of connection.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ ‘์ด‰์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
So if we're going to study viral chatter, we need to
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ฑ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:18
get to these populations who have intensive contact with wild animals.
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์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
And so we've been studying people like this individual.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
We collect blood from them, other specimens.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ”ผ์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•ด์„œ
02:28
We look at the diseases, which are in the animals as well as the humans.
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
And ideally, this is going to allow us to catch these things
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ „์ด๋˜๋Š”
02:34
early on, as they're moving over into human populations.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์žก์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:37
And the basic objective of this work is not to just
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
02:39
go out once and look at these individuals,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋งŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
02:41
but to establish thousands of individuals
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์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์„œ
02:43
in these populations that we would monitor
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๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:46
continuously on a regular basis.
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๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
When they were sick, we would collect specimens from them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„ํ”Œ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
We would actually enlist them --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
02:52
which we've done now -- to collect specimens from animals.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฒดํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
We give them these little pieces of filter paper.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์€ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
02:56
When they sample from animals,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•  ๋•Œ,
02:58
they collect the blood on the filter paper
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ํ•„ํ„ฐ์ง€์— ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฌปํ˜€ ์˜ค๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
and this allows us to identify yet-unknown viruses from exactly the right animals --
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ
03:04
the ones that are actually being hunted.
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ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
(Video) Narrator: Deep in a remote region of Cameroon,
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(๋น„๋””์˜ค): ๋‚˜๋ ˆ์ด์…˜: ์นด๋ฉ”๋ฃฌ์˜ ์™ธ๋”ด ์ง€์—ญ,
03:12
two hunters stalk their prey.
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๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋จน์ด์— ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
Their names are Patrice and Patee.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ํŒจํŠธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์™€ ํŒจํ‹ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
They're searching for bush meat;
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์„ ๋จน์—ฌ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:20
forest animals they can kill to feed their families.
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์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋…ธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Patrice and Patee set out most days to go out hunting
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ํŒจํŠธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์™€ ํŒจํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆฒ์œผ๋กœ
03:26
in the forest around their homes.
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡์ผ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
They have a series of traps, of snares that they've set up
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋ผ์ง€, ๋ฑ€, ์›์ˆญ์ด๋“ค์ด๋‚˜
03:31
to catch wild pigs, snakes, monkeys,
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์„ค์น˜๋ฅ˜, ๋˜๋Š” ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค ์žก๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ
03:35
rodents -- anything they can, really.
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๋ซ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
Patrice and Patee have been out for hours but found nothing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ํŒจํŠธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์™€ ํŒจํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
The animals are simply gone.
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
We stop for a drink of water.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ๋จน๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
Then there is a rustle in the brush.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์Šค๋Ÿญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
A group of hunters approach,
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ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
their packs loaded with wild game.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง์€ ์•ผ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊ฐ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
There's at least three viruses
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
04:10
that you know about, which are in this particular monkey.
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3๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ์›์ˆญ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Nathan Wolfe: This species, yeah. And there's many many more pathogens
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๋„ค์ด๋‹จ ์šธํ”„: ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์ด์—์š”. ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์— ๋น„ํ•ด
04:15
that are present in these animals.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
These individuals are at specific risk,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:20
particularly if there's blood contact, they're at risk for transmission
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ํŠนํžˆ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์‹ ์ข… ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์–ด
04:23
and possibly infection with novel viruses.
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์ „์—ผ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Narrator: As the hunters display their kills, something surprising happens.
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๋‚˜๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ: ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ๋“ค์ด ์žก์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๋•Œ, ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
They show us filter paper they've used to collect the animals' blood.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
The blood will be tested for zoonotic viruses,
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๊ทธ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์œผ๋กœ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
04:38
part of a program Dr. Wolfe has spent years setting up.
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์ด๋Š” ์šธํ”„๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด ์˜จ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
NW: So this is from this animal right here,
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๋„ค์ด๋‹จ ์šธํ”„: ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Greater Spot-Nosed Guenon.
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๊ธด๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ์›์ˆญ์ด๊ณผ์˜ ํฐ์ฝ”๊ฑฐ๋†์›์ˆญ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Every person who has one of those filter papers has at least,
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์ € ํ•„ํ„ฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ ์–ด๋„,
04:47
at a minimum, been through our basic health education
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๊ณ 
04:50
about the risks associated with these activities,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๋“ค์ด ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜๋“ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
which presumably, from our perspective,
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์ด๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์—,
04:55
gives them the ability to decrease their own risk,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:57
and then obviously the risk to their families,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ๋งˆ์„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ• 
05:00
the village, the country, and the world.
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
NW: OK, before I continue, I think it's important to take just a moment
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๋„ค์ด๋‹จ ์šธํ”„: ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋” ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ์‹์šฉ์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž ๊น ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ• 
05:07
to talk about bush meat. Bush meat is the hunting of wild game.
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ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์‹์šฉ์œก์„ ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•ด์„œ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
OK? And you can consider all sorts of different bush meat.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
I'm going to be talking about this.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
When your children and grandchildren
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์†์ž๋“ค์ด
05:16
sort of pose questions to you about this period of time,
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์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋Œˆ ๋•Œ,
05:18
one of the things they're gonna ask you,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:20
is how it was they we allowed some of our closest living relatives,
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค,
05:23
some of the most valuable and endangered species
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉธ์ข…์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ข…๋“ค์ด
05:25
on our planet, to go extinct because we
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์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋Š”์ง€,
05:28
weren't able to address some of the issues
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
05:30
of poverty in these parts of the world.
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๊ณ ์‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
But in fact that's not the only question they're going to ask you about this.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์•„๋‹๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
They're also going to ask you the question
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋„ ํ•  ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
that when we knew that this was the way that HIV entered
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ HIV๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€
05:39
into the human population,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์— ์นจํˆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
05:41
and that other diseases had the potential to enter like this,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ‘๋“ค๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
05:43
why did we let these behaviors continue?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋†”๋’€๋˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
05:45
Why did we not find some other solution to this?
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์™œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
05:47
They're going to say, in regions of profound
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
instability throughout the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ค‘์— ์ƒํ™œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:52
where you have intense poverty, where populations are growing
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๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๋นˆ๊ณค, ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€,
05:55
and you don't have sustainable resources like this,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์›์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
05:57
this is going to lead to food insecurity.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
But they're also going to ask you probably a different question.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
It's one that I think we all need to ask ourselves,
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
which is, why we thought the responsibility rested with this individual here.
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
Now this is the individual -- you can see just right up over his right shoulder --
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์ž, ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ . ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์–ด๊นจ ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:13
this is the individual that hunted the monkey
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์†์˜
06:15
from the last picture that I showed you.
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์›์ˆญ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
OK, take a look at his shirt.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ์˜ ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
06:19
You know, take a look at his face.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด๋„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:22
Bush meat is one of the central crises,
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์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
06:25
which is occurring in our population right now,
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์œ„๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
in humanity, on this planet.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
But it can't be the fault of somebody like this.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
OK? And solving it cannot be his responsibility alone.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
There's no easy solutions,
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์‰ฌ์šด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
but what I'm saying to you is that we neglect this problem
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์€, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์น˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
06:40
at our own peril.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
So, in 1998, along with my mentors
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1998๋…„์—, ์ œ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋“ค์ธ ๋ˆ ๋ฒŒํฌ์™€
06:45
Don Burke and Colonel Mpoudi-Ngole,
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์— ํ‘ธ๋””-๋‹ˆ๊ณจ๋ ˆ ๋Œ€๋ น๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜,
06:47
we went to actually start this work
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:49
in Central Africa, to work with hunters
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์ค‘์•™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ, ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ๋“ค๊ณผ
06:51
in this part of the world.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
And my job -- at that time I was a post-doctoral fellow,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์—ญํ• ์€--๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ณผ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ €๋Š”
06:56
and I was really tasked with setting this up.
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
So I said to myself, "OK, great --
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์ข‹์•„,
07:00
we're gonna collect all kinds of specimens. We're gonna go to all these
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ. ์–ด๋Š ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋˜ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
07:02
different locations. It's going to be wonderful."
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ์ด ๋ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:05
You know, I looked at the map; I picked out 17 sites;
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  17๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๊ณจ๋ผ๋ƒˆ๊ณ ,
07:07
I figured, no problem.
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์•„๋ฌด ๋ฌธ์ œ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:11
Needless to say, I was drastically wrong.
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๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์ด, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
This is challenging work to do.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:15
Fortunately, I had and continue to have
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์šด์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž๋“ค์ด
07:17
an absolutely wonderful team of colleagues and collaborators in my own team,
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์ œ ํŒ€์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
and that's the only way that this work can really occur.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
We have a whole range of challenges about this work.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
One of them is just obtaining trust
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š”
07:27
from individuals that we work with in the field.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ์šฉ์„ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
The person you see on the right hand side is Paul DeLong-Minutu.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํด ๋“œ๋กฑ-๋ฏธ๋ˆ„ํˆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
He's one of the best communicators that I've really ever dealt with.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
When I arrived I didn't speak a word of French,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ถˆ์–ด๋กœ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
and I still seemed to understand what it was he was saying.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ €๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
Paul worked for years
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ํด์€ ๋ช‡๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
07:42
on the Cameroonian national radio and television,
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ฃฌ ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค, TV์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
07:44
and he spoke about health issues. He was a health correspondent.
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์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
So we figured we'd hire this person -- when we got there he could
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์™”์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Š”
07:49
be a great communicator.
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ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
When we would get to these rural villages, though, what we found out
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ์ง„ ๋งˆ์„๋“ค์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š”
07:53
is that no one had television,
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TV๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
so they wouldn't recognize his face.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:58
But -- when he began to speak
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ -๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž
08:01
they would actually recognize his voice from the radio.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
And this was somebody who had incredible
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜
08:05
potential to spread aspects of our message,
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์žˆ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
whether it be with regards to wildlife conservation
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ผ์ƒ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑด
08:10
or health prevention.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:13
Often we run into obstacles. This is us coming back from
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ๋‚œ๊ด€์— ๋ด‰์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์™ธ์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
08:15
one of these very rural sites,
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๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
with specimens from 200 individuals
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200๋ช…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋“ค์„
08:19
that we needed to get back to the lab within 48 hours.
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48์‹œ๊ฐ„์•ˆ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:21
I like to show this shot -- this is
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
Ubald Tamoufe, who's the lead
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฐœ๋“œ ํƒ€๋ฌดํŽ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
investigator in our Cameroon site.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ฃฌ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
Ubald laughs at me when I show this photo
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์šฐ๋ฐœ๋“œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๋•Œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์›ƒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
because of course you can't see his face.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:31
But the reason I like to show the shot
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
08:33
is because you can see that he's about to solve this problem.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:37
Which -- which he did, which he did.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
08:40
Just a few quick before and after shots.
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์˜ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋ช‡ ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
08:42
This was our laboratory before.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
This is what it looks like now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
Early on, in order to ship our specimens,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š”, ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ์—๋Š”
08:49
we had to have dry ice. To get dry ice we had to go
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๋“œ๋ผ์ด ์•„์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“œ๋ผ์ด ์•„์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
08:51
to the breweries -- beg, borrow, steal to get these folks to give it to us.
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์–‘์กฐ์žฅ์—๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ํ›”์น˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Now we have our own liquid nitrogen.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด ์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
I like to call our laboratory the coldest place in Central Africa -- it might be.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์ด ์ค‘์•™ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ถ”์šด ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๋  ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ตฌ์š”.
09:02
And here's a shot of me, this is the before shot of me.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ์ €์˜ ์˜ˆ์ „ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
09:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:08
No comment.
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๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
So what happened? So during the 10 years that we've been doing
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ์˜จ ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
09:12
this work, we actually surprised ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
We made a number of discoveries.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
And what we've found is that if you look in the right place,
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:20
you can actually monitor the flow
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์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์นจํˆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„
09:22
of these viruses into human populations.
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์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
That gave us a tremendous amount of hope.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
What we've found is a whole range of new viruses in these individuals,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
including new viruses in the same group
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HIV์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ
09:31
as HIV -- so, brand new retroviruses.
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์‹ ์ข… ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค(RNA ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค)๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
And let's face it, any new retrovirus in the
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ง์‹œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
human population -- it's something we should be aware of.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์‚ฌํšŒ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ ์ข… ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์‹๋ณ„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
It's something we should be following. It's not something
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด์ง€, ์ด๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:41
that we should be surprised by.
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๋†€๋ž„ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
Needless to say in the past
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์˜ˆ์ „ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉด
09:45
these viruses entering into these rural communities
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์™ธ์ง„ ๊ณณ์— ์นจ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“ค์€
09:47
might very well have gone extinct.
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๋ฉธ์ข…๋˜์—ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
That's no longer the case. Logging roads provide access to urban areas.
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์ด์   ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒŒ๋ชฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋„๋กœ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
And critically, what happens in central Africa
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ค‘์•™ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ทธ์ €
09:57
doesn't stay in Central Africa.
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์ค‘์•™ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—๋งŒ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
So, once we discovered that it was really possible
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด
10:02
that we could actually do this monitoring,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ž,
10:04
we decided to move this from research, to
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ
10:06
really attempt to phase up to a global monitoring effort.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์‹œ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ•œ ์ธต ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
Through generous support and partnership
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€๊ณผ ์Šค์ฝœ ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์›๊ณผ
10:12
scientifically with Google.org and the Skoll Foundation,
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๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
10:15
we were able to start the Global Viral Forecasting Initiative
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
10:19
and begin work in four different sites
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ 4๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
10:21
in Africa and Asia.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
Needless to say, different populations from different parts of the world
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๋งํ•  ํ•„์š” ์—†์ด, ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ
10:26
have different sorts of contact.
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
So it's not just hunters in Central Africa.
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์ค‘์•™ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ๋“ค๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
10:31
It's also working in live animal markets --
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜
10:33
these wet markets -- which is exactly the place where
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฌ๋ž˜์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ํ™œ๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณณ์€ ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ
10:35
SARS emerged in Asia.
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์‚ฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ถœํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
But really, this is just the beginning from our perspective.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณ„ํš์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์‹œ์ž‘์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
Our objective right now, in addition to
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”, ์ด ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์— ์ธ์›์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:41
deploying to these sites and getting everything moving,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—,
10:43
is to identify new partners
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
because we feel like this effort needs to be extended
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 20๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ
10:48
to probably 20 or more sites throughout the world -- to viral hotspots --
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
because really the idea here is to cast an incredibly wide net
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋„“์€ ๊ทธ๋ฌผ์„ ๋˜์ ธ
10:55
so that we can catch these things, ideally,
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์ด์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
before they make it to blood banks,
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์€ํ–‰, ์„ฑ์ƒํ™œ, ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
10:59
sexual networks, airplanes. And that's really our objective.
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์นจํˆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์žก์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €ํฌ์˜ ์ง„์งœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
There was a time not very long ago
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์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„
11:05
when the discovery of unknown organisms
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์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด
11:07
was something that held incredible awe for us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋†€๋ผ์›€์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
It had potential to really change the way that we saw ourselves,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
11:13
and thought about ourselves.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Many people, I think, on our planet right now
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—”, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
11:17
despair, and they think
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์ฒด๋…ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ
11:20
we've reached a point where we've discovered most of the things.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
I'm going tell you right now: please don't despair.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”. ์ œ๋ฐœ ์ ˆ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
11:26
If an intelligent extra-terrestrial
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์—๊ฒŒ
11:28
was taxed with writing the encyclopedia of life on our planet,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์“ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:31
27 out of 30 of these volumes
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๊ทธ 30๊ถŒ ์ค‘์—์„œ 27๊ถŒ์€
11:33
would be devoted to bacteria and virus,
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์จ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
with just a few of the volumes left
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ช‡ ๊ถŒ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด,
11:38
for plants, fungus and animals,
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:40
humans being a footnote;
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฐ์ฃผ ์ •๋„์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
interesting footnote but a footnote nonetheless.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ธด ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฐ์ฃผ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:46
This is honestly the most exciting period
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์†”์งํžˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜
11:49
ever for the study of unknown life forms on our planet.
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๋ฏธํ™•์ธ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
The dominant things that exist here
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
11:55
we know almost nothing about.
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์•„์ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
And yet finally, we have the tools, which will allow us to actually explore that world
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์†์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
12:00
and understand them.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
Thank you very much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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