Nathan Myhrvold: Could this laser zap malaria?

107,466 views ใƒป 2010-05-11

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seo Rim Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : June Lim
00:15
We invent.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
My company invents
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์ €ํฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
all kinds of new technology
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์˜จ๊ฐ– ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
00:21
in lots of different areas.
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๊ฐ–๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
And we do that for a couple of reasons.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
We invent for fun --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
invention is a lot of fun to do --
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๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
and we also invent for profit.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
The two are related because
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๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
the profit actually takes long enough that if it isn't fun,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์ต์„ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค์„œ
00:36
you wouldn't have the time to do it.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
So we do this
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์—์„œ
00:40
fun and profit-oriented inventing
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์™€ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์ด
00:42
for most of what we do,
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์ผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
but we also have a program where we invent for humanity --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
where we take some of our best inventors,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
00:49
and we say, "Are there problems
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"์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ
00:51
where we have a good idea for solving a problem the world has?" --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์—†์„๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
00:54
and to solve it in the way we try to solve problems,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ‰์†Œ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
00:57
which is with dramatic, crazy,
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๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆํ‹ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋“ฏํ•œ
00:59
out-of-the-box solutions.
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์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
Bill Gates is one of those smartest guys of ours
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๋นŒ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘
01:03
that work on these problems
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
and he also funds this work, so thank you.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›๋„ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
So I'm going to briefly discuss
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
01:10
a couple of problems that we have
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
01:12
and a couple of problems where
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
01:14
we've got some solutions underway.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Vaccination is one of the
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๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข…์€ ๊ณต์ค‘์œ„์ƒ์˜
01:19
key techniques in public health,
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
a fantastic thing.
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์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:23
But in the developing world a lot of vaccines
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๋“ค์ด
01:26
spoil before they're administered,
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ๋ชป์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
and that's because they need to be kept cold.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์ฐจ๊ฐ‘๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ด€๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:31
Almost all vaccines need to be kept at refrigerator temperatures.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋ƒ‰์žฅ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
They go bad very quickly if you don't,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:36
and if you don't have stable power grid, this doesn't happen,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๋ƒ‰์žฅ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
so kids die.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฃฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
It's not just the loss of the vaccine that matters;
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ์†์‹ค๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
it's the fact that those kids don't get vaccinated.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์ ‘์ข…๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
01:47
This is one of the ways that
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š”
01:50
vaccines are carried:
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
These are Styrofoam chests. These are being carried by people,
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์ €๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋กœํผ ์ƒ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:55
but they're also put on the backs of pickup trucks.
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์ƒ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ”ฝ์—…ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์˜ ๋’ค์— ๋†“์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
We've got a different solution.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
Now, one of these Styrofoam chests
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์ž, ์ด ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋กœํผ ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์€
02:03
will last for about four hours with ice in it.
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์•ˆ์— ์–ผ์Œ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์•ฝ 4์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฒ„ํ‹ธ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
And we thought, well, that's not really good enough.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด.
02:08
So we made this thing.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
This lasts six months with no power;
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ์—†์ด 6๊ฐœ์›”์„ ๋ฒ„ํŒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
absolutely zero power,
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์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ํ•„์š”์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
because it loses less
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1 ์™€ํŠธ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€
02:17
than a half a watt.
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์†์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Now, this is our second generations prototype.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €ํฌ์˜ 2์„ธ๋Œ€ ์›ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
The third generation prototype is, right now,
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3์„ธ๋Œ€ ์›ํ˜•์€ ํ˜„์žฌ
02:24
in Uganda being tested.
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์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Now, the reason we were able to come up with this
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ์—๋Š”
02:29
is two key ideas:
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
One is that this is similar to a cryogenic Dewar,
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ทน์ €์˜จ ๋ณด์˜จ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
something you'd keep liquid nitrogen or liquid helium in.
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์•ก์ฑ„ ์งˆ์†Œ๋‚˜ ์•ก์ฒด ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:36
They have incredible insulation,
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๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ๋‹จ์—ด์ด ์ž˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
so let's put some incredible insulation here.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋‹จ์—ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์น˜์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
The other idea is kind of interesting,
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
which is, you can't reach inside anymore.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Because if you open it up and reach inside,
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ด๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
02:48
you'd let the heat in, the game would be over.
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์—ด์ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ๋๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
So the inside of this thing actually looks like a Coke machine.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์•ˆ์€ ์ฝœ๋ผ ์ž๋™ํŒ๋งค๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
It vends out little individual vials.
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
So a simple idea,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€
02:58
which we hope is going to change the way vaccines are distributed
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
in Africa and around the world.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌํ‚ค์™€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
We'll move on to malaria.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Malaria is one of the great public health problems.
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Esther Duflo talked a little bit about this.
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์—์Šค๋” ๋‘ํ”Œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Two hundred million people a year.
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์ผ๋…„์— 2์–ต 5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
03:14
Every 43 seconds a child in Africa dies;
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๋งค 43์ดˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ํ•œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
27 will die during my talk.
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27๋ช…์ด ์ œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ์ค‘ ์ฃฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
And there's no way for us here in this country
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
03:26
to grasp really what that means to the people involved.
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
Another comment of Esther's
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์—์Šค๋”๋Š” ๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
was that we react when there's
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๊ทน์—๋Š”
03:33
a tragedy like Haiti,
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์ฆ‰๊ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:35
but that tragedy is ongoing.
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋น„๊ทน์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
So what can we do about it?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ญ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:39
Well, there are a lot of things people have tried
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์Œ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
for many years for solving malaria.
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
You can spray; the problem is there are environmental issues.
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์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
You can try to treat people and create awareness.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
That's great, except the places that have malaria really bad,
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์ข‹์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—” ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
they don't have health care systems.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—” ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
03:54
A vaccine would be a terrific thing,
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
only they don't work yet.
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์•„์ง ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
03:58
People have tried for a long time. There are a couple of interesting candidates.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋žœ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ›„๋ณด๊ตฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
It's a very difficult thing to make a vaccine for.
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
You can distribute bed nets,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
and bed nets are very effective if you use them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
You don't always use them for that. People fish with them.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์›๋ž˜ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚š์‹œ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:12
They don't always get to everyone.
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
And bed nets
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์€
04:16
have an effect on the epidemic,
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์—๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
but you're never going to make it extinct with bed nets.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฉธ์ข…์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
Now, malaria is
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š”
04:23
an incredibly complicated disease.
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
We could spend hours going over this.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
It's got this sort of soap opera-like lifestyle;
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์—ฐ์†๊ทน ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:30
they have sex, they burrow into your liver,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
they tunnel into your blood cells ...
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ธํฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตด์„ ๋šซ์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
it's an incredibly complicated disease,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
but that's actually one of the things we find interesting about it
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ
04:41
and why we work on malaria:
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
There's a lot of potential ways in.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
One of those ways might be better diagnosis.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ง„๋‹จ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
So we hope this year
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์˜ฌํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์˜
04:52
to prototype each of these devices.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์›ํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
One does an automatic malaria diagnosis
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
in the same way that a diabetic's glucose meter works:
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๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:02
You take a drop of blood,
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ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์šธ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์น˜์— ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด
05:04
you put it in there and it automatically tells you.
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์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:06
Today, you need to do a complicated laboratory procedure,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
create a bunch of microscope slides
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ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ž”๋œฉ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
05:11
and have a trained person examine it.
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์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:14
The other thing is, you know,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š”
05:16
it would be even better if you didn't have to draw the blood.
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ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์•„์˜ˆ ๋ฝ‘์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜์–ด ๋” ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
And if you look through the eye,
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๋ˆˆ ์†์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๊ณ 
05:21
or you look at the vessels on the white of the eye,
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๋ˆˆ์˜ ํฐ์ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•์ค„๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
05:24
in fact, you may be able to do this
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
directly, without drawing any blood at all,
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์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฝ‘์ง€ ์•Š์€์ฑ„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:29
or through your nail beds.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์†ํ†ฑ ๋ฐ‘์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:31
Because if you actually look through your fingernails, you can see blood vessels,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์†ํ†ฑ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
and once you see blood vessels, we think we can see the malaria.
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
We can see it because of this molecule
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:40
called hemozoin.
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ํ—ค๋ชจ์กฐ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
It's produced by the malaria parasite
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
and it's a very interesting crystalline substance.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฐ์ •์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
Interesting, anyway, if you're a solid-state physicist.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
There's a lot of cool stuff we can do with it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
This is our femtosecond laser lab.
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์ €ํฌ์˜ 1000์กฐ ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ์˜ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
So this creates pulses of light
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ๋™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
that last a femtosecond.
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1000์กฐ ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ ์ดˆ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๋น›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
That's really, really, really short.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์งง์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ .
06:05
This is a pulse of light that's
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋น›์˜ 1ํŒŒ์žฅ ๋งŒํผ์˜
06:07
only about one wavelength of light long,
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๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํŒŒ๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
so it's a whole bunch of photons
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๋‹ค์‹œ๋งํ•ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ด‘์ž๋“ค์ด
06:11
all coming and hitting simultaneously.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์™€์„œ ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:13
It creates a very high peak power
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์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
and it lets you do all kinds of interesting things;
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
in particular, it lets you find hemozoin.
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ํŠนํžˆ, ํ—ค๋ชจ์กฐ์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
06:19
So here's an image of red blood cells,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
and now we can actually map
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ—ค๋ชจ์กฐ์ธ๊ณผ
06:24
where the hemozoin and where the malaria parasites are
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
inside those red blood cells.
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์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:29
And using both this technique
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ
06:31
and other optical techniques,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
06:33
we think we can make those diagnostics.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
We also have another hemozoin-oriented
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ—ค๋ชจ์กฐ์ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ
06:37
therapy for malaria:
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
a way, in acute cases, to actually
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๊ธ‰ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์„
06:41
take the malaria parasite and filter it out of the blood system.
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
Sort of like doing dialysis,
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก ํˆฌ์„๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:46
but for relieving the parasite load.
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์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
This is our thousand-core supercomputer.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์Šˆํผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
We're kind of software guys,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
and so nearly any problem that you pose,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค˜๋„
06:57
we like to try to solve with some software.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:00
One of the problems that you have if you're trying to eradicate malaria
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ํ‡ด์น˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ๋•Œ์—
07:03
or reduce it
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๋‹น๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
07:05
is you don't know what's the most effective thing to do.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
Okay, we heard about bed nets earlier.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
You spend a certain amount per bed net.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ ๋‹น ์ผ์ • ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์“ฐ์ฃ .
07:12
Or you could spray.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:14
You can give drug administration.
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์•ฝ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
There's all these different interventions
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
but they have different kinds of effectiveness.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
How can you tell?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:22
So we've created, using our supercomputer,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šˆํผ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:24
the world's best computer model of malaria,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
which we'll show you now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
We picked Madagascar.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์นด๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
We have every road,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธธ๊ณผ
07:34
every village,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋งˆ์„,
07:36
every, almost, square inch of Madagascar.
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๋งˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์นด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
We have all of the precipitation data
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:42
and the temperature data.
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๊ธฐ์˜จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
That's very important because the humidity and precipitation
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์Šต๋„์™€ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€
07:47
tell you whether you've got
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์–‘์œก ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:49
standing pools of water for the mosquitoes to breed.
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๋ฌผ์ด ๊ณ ์ธ ์›…๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
So that sets the stage on which you do this.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
You then have to introduce the mosquitoes,
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๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
and you have to model that
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”์ง€
07:59
and how they come and go.
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๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
Ultimately, it gives you this.
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
This is malaria spreading
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์นด ์ „์—ญ์—
08:05
across Madagascar.
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ํผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
And this is this latter part of the rainy season.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
We're going to the dry season now.
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์ด์ œ ๊ฑด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:12
It nearly goes away in the dry season,
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๊ฑด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
because there's no place for the mosquitoes to breed.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•  ๊ณณ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:17
And then, of course, the next year it comes roaring back.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งˆ๊ตฌ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
By doing these kinds of simulations,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
08:24
we want to eradicate or control malaria
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
thousands of times in software
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์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ˜„์‹ค์—
08:29
before we actually have to do it in real life;
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์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ฒˆ์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
to be able to simulate both the economic trade-offs --
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์†์ต์„ ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:35
how many bed nets versus how much spraying? --
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์žฅ๊ณผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
08:38
or the social trade-offs --
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์†์ต๋„ ๋”ฐ์ ธ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
what happens if unrest breaks out?
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ๊นŒ?
08:43
We also try to study our foe.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
This is a high-speed camera view
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ์† ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ๋ณธ
08:47
of a mosquito.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
And, in a moment,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๊ณง
08:52
we're going to see a view of the airflow.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
Here, we're trying to visualize the airflow
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
around the wings of the mosquito
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:59
with little particles we're illuminating with a laser.
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๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋กœ ๋น›๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
By understanding how mosquitoes fly,
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
09:04
we hope to understand how to make them not fly.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ ์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
Now, one of the ways you can make them not fly
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
09:09
is with DDT.
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DDT๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
This is a real ad.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
This is one of those things you just can't make up.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ์ž‘์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ .
09:16
Once upon a time, this was the primary technique,
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์˜›๋‚ ์—๋Š” DDT๊ฐ€ ์œผ๋œธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
and, in fact, many countries got rid of malaria through DDT.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด DDT๋กœ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ํ‡ด์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
The United States did.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
09:24
In 1935, there were 150,000 cases a year
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1935๋…„์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋…„ 150,000๊ฑด์˜
09:27
of malaria in the United States,
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
but DDT and a massive public health effort
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ DDT์™€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ
09:32
managed to squelch it.
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์ง„์••ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:35
So we thought,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:37
"Well, we've done all these things that are focused on the Plasmodium,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์ธ ์›์ถฉ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:40
the parasite involved.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
What can we do to the mosquito?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:44
Well, let's try to kill it with consumer electronics."
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๊ฐ€์ „์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์—ฌ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
09:48
Now, that sounds silly,
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์ข€ ์šฐ์Šต๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„ค์š”
09:50
but each of these devices
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์€
09:52
has something interesting in it that maybe you could use.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
Your Blu-ray player has
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ฃจ๋ ˆ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๊ธฐ์—”
09:57
a very cheap blue laser.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์‹ผ ๋ธ”๋ฃจ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
Your laser printer has a mirror galvanometer
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์šธ ๊ฒ€๋ฅ˜๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
that's used to steer a laser beam very accurately;
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๋ ˆ์ด์ € ๊ด‘์„ ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์“ฐ์ด์ฃ .
10:04
that's what makes those little dots on the page.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ข…์ด์— ์ž‘์€ ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
And, of course, there's signal processing
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:09
and digital cameras.
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
So what if we could put all that together
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์ „์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
10:14
to shoot them out of the sky with lasers?
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๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋กœ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜์•„ ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
10:17
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:19
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:22
Now, in our company, this is what we call
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์ž, ์ €ํฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„
10:25
"the pinky-suck moment."
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"์ƒˆ๋ผ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๋น ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:29
What if we could do that?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
10:31
Now, just suspend disbelief for a moment,
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์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ๋ถˆ์‹ ์„ ๋ฎ์–ด๋‘์‹œ๊ณ 
10:34
and let's think of what could happen
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ˜„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
10:36
if we could do that.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:38
Well, we could protect very high-value targets like clinics.
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์Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
Clinics are full of people that have malaria.
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์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์„ค์€ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
They're sick, and so they're less able to defend themselves from the mosquitoes.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„ํ”•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
You really want to protect them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:49
Of course, if you do that,
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:51
you could also protect your backyard.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น๋„ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
And farmers could protect their crops
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด
10:55
that they want to sell to Whole Foods
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Whole Foods์— ํŒ” ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
because our photons
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด‘์ž๋Š”
10:59
are 100 percent organic. (Laughter)
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100 % ์œ ๊ธฐ๋†์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
They're completely natural.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ œํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
Now, it actually gets better than this.
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
You could, if you're really smart,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:09
you could shine a nonlethal laser on the bug
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๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ
11:12
before you zap it,
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๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์— ๋จผ์ € ์  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:14
and you could listen to the wing beat frequency
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‚ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:16
and you could measure the size.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ์žด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
And then you could decide:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
"Is this an insect I want to kill,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์ธ๊ฐ€
11:22
or an insect I don't want to kill?"
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์ธ๊ฐ€?
11:24
Moore's law made computing cheap;
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๋ฌด์–ด์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
so cheap we can weigh
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ €๋ ดํ•ด์„œ
11:28
the life of an individual insect
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…๋„ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
11:30
and decide thumbs up
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์‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€
11:33
or thumbs down. (Laughter)
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์ฃฝ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
Now, it turns out we only kill the female mosquitoes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ์•”์ปท ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ์ฃฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
They're the only ones that are dangerous.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
Mosquitoes only drink blood
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค์ง ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ
11:43
to lay eggs.
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ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋นจ์•„ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
Mosquitoes actually live ... their day-to-day nutrition
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์€
11:48
comes from nectar, from flowers --
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์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฝƒ์˜ ๊ฟ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
in fact, in the lab, we feed ours raisins --
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑดํฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๋จน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
but the female needs the blood meal.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•”์ปท์€ ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:56
So, this sounds really crazy, right?
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์ •๋ง ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ฃ ? ๋งž๋‚˜์š”?
11:58
Would you like to see it?
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๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:00
Audience: Yeah!
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(๊ด€๊ฐ: ๋„ค)
12:02
Nathan Myhrvold: Okay, so our legal department prepared a disclaimer,
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๋ถ€์„œ๋Š” ๋ฉด์ฑ… ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์ค€๋น„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
and here it is.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:13
Now, after thinking about this a little bit
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ 
12:16
we thought, you know, it probably would be simpler
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋กœ
12:18
to do this with a nonlethal laser.
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๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„๊นŒ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
So, Eric Johanson, who built the device,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋ฒ ์ด์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค๋กœ
12:23
actually, with parts from eBay;
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ์—๋ฆญ ์š”ํ•œ์Šจ๊ณผ
12:25
and Pablos Holman over here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ธ”๋กœ ํ™€๋จผ์€
12:27
he's got mosquitoes in the tank.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์กฐ ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
We have the device over here.
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๊ทธ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
12:31
And we're going to show you,
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
instead of the kill laser,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € -
12:35
which will be a very brief, instantaneous pulse,
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์•„์ฃผ ์งง๊ณ  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์ง„๋™๋Œ€์‹ 
12:37
we're going to have a green laser pointer
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ํฌ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
that's going to stay on the mosquito for, actually, quite a long period of time;
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๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์œ„์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
otherwise, you can't see it very well.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ž˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ 
12:44
Take it away Eric.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—๋ฆญ
12:46
Eric Johanson: What we have here
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์—๋ฆญ ์š”ํ•œ์Šจ: ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:48
is a tank on the other side of the stage.
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๋ฌด๋Œ€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
And we have ... this computer screen
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ™”๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ
12:52
can actually see the mosquitoes as they fly around.
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:54
And Pablos, if he stirs up our mosquitoes a little bit
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ”๋“ค์–ด๋†“์œผ๋ฉด
12:57
we can see them flying around.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ์•„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:59
Now, that's a fairly straightforward image processing routine,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์ด์ฃ .
13:01
and let me show you how it works.
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
Here you can see that the insects are being tracked
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค์ด ์ถ”์ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
13:05
as they're flying around,
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๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
which is kind of fun.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
13:10
Next we can actually light them up with a laser. (Laughter)
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋กœ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋น„์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
Now, this is a low powered laser,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
and we can actually pick up a wing-beat frequency.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง„๋™ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
So you may be able to hear some mosquitoes flying around.
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๋ช‡ ๋ช‡์˜ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
13:19
NM: That's a mosquito wing beat you're hearing.
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๋„ค์ด๋“  ๋ฏธ์–ด๋ณผ: ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋น„ํŠธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
EJ: Finally, let's see what this looks like.
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EJ: ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:29
There you can see mosquitoes as they fly around, being lit up.
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์ €๊ธฐ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋กœ ๋น„์ถฐ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
This is slowed way down
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ํ™”๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
so that you have an opportunity to see what's happening.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
Here we have it running at high-speed mode.
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๊ณ ์† ๋ชจ๋“œ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
So this system that was built for TED is here to illustrate
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ TED๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ
13:40
that it is technically possible to actually deploy a system like this,
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
and we're looking very hard at how to make it
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ๋„ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
13:46
highly cost-effective to use in places like Africa and other parts of the world.
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๋น„์šฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
(Applause)
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13:56
NM: So it wouldn't be any fun to show you that
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NM: ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ
13:59
without showing you what actually happens when we hit 'em.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋„ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:10
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:13
This is very satisfying.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋„ค์š”.
14:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:18
This is one of the first ones we did.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
The energy's a little bit high here.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„  ์ข€ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:27
We'll loop around here in just a second, and you'll see another one.
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์ด ๋ถ€๊ทผ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ž ์‹œํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
Here's another one. Bang.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. ๋นต
14:31
An interesting thing is, we kill them all the time;
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
we've never actually gotten the wings to shut off in midair.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๊ณต์ค‘์—์„œ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋–ผ์–ด ๋ณด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
The wing motor is very resilient.
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๋‚ ๊ฐœ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํŠผํŠผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
I mean, here we're blowing wings off
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋‚ ๋ ค๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
14:41
but the wing motor keeps all the way down.
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๋‚ ๊ฐœ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:45
So, that's what I have. Thanks very much.
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์ €์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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