Fred Jansen: How to land on a comet

56,563 views ใƒป 2015-04-09

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: tay park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I'd like to take you on the epic quest of the Rosetta spacecraft.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กœ์ œํƒ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ž„๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
To escort and land the probe on a comet,
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด ์ž„๋ฌด์—
00:21
this has been my passion for the past two years.
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์˜จ ์—ด์ •์„ ์Ÿ์•˜์ฃ .
00:25
In order to do that,
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—,
00:26
I need to explain to you something about the origin of the solar system.
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๋จผ์ € ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์›๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
00:30
When we go back four and a half billion years,
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45์–ต๋…„ ์ „์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์—๋Š”
00:32
there was a cloud of gas and dust.
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๊ฐ€์Šค์™€ ๋จผ์ง€์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
In the center of this cloud, our sun formed and ignited.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘์€ ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—์„œ ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์—ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:38
Along with that, what we now know as planets, comets and asteroids formed.
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ–‰์„ฑ๋“ค, ํ˜œ์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
What then happened, according to theory,
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์ด๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ํ›„
00:47
is that when the Earth had cooled down a bit after its formation,
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์‹๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ,
00:51
comets massively impacted the Earth and delivered water to Earth.
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
They probably also delivered complex organic material to Earth,
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์ด ์•„๋งˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™”์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
and that may have bootstrapped the emergence of life.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋งˆ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด ํƒ„์ƒ์˜ ์‹œ์ดˆ์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
You can compare this to having to solve a 250-piece puzzle
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ 250์กฐ๊ฐ ํผ์ฆ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‚œ์ด๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
and not a 2,000-piece puzzle.
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2000์กฐ๊ฐ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ 250์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํผ์ฆ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:11
Afterwards, the big planets like Jupiter and Saturn,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ฏค์—๋Š”, ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ํ† ์„ฑ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ–‰์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
01:15
they were not in their place where they are now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
and they interacted gravitationally,
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์ค‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
01:20
and they swept the whole interior of the solar system clean,
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํœฉ์“ธ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์ž”ํ•ด๋“ค์„ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:23
and what we now know as comets
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ˜œ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š”
01:25
ended up in something called the Kuiper Belt,
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ํ•ด์™•์„ฑ์˜ ๊ถค๋„ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋ ์ธ
01:27
which is a belt of objects beyond the orbit of Neptune.
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์นด์ดํผ ๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
And sometimes these objects run into each other,
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฒจํŠธ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๊ณ 
01:34
and they gravitationally deflect,
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์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:37
and then the gravity of Jupiter pulls them back into the solar system.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ด ํ˜œ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
And they then become the comets as we see them in the sky.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜œ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
The important thing here to note is that in the meantime,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ์ ์€
01:49
the four and a half billion years,
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45์–ต๋…„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ
01:51
these comets have been sitting on the outside of the solar system,
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์ด ํ˜œ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ
01:54
and haven't changed --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์› ๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜
01:56
deep, frozen versions of our solar system.
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๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ„์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
In the sky, they look like this.
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๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
We know them for their tails.
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์€ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:03
There are actually two tails.
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
One is a dust tail, which is blown away by the solar wind.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘ํ’์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋จผ์ง€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์ด๊ณ 
02:08
The other one is an ion tail, which is charged particles,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ „๋œ ์ž…์ž๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ด์˜จ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
and they follow the magnetic field in the solar system.
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์ด ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
02:15
There's the coma,
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์ฝ”๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:16
and then there is the nucleus, which here is too small to see,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์•„์„œ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•ต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
and you have to remember that in the case of Rosetta,
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์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋กœ์ œํƒ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋‚ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:21
the spacecraft is in that center pixel.
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์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์€ ์ €๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ์  ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
We are only 20, 30, 40 kilometers away from the comet.
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ๊ณผ 20, 30, 40km ์ •๋„๋ฐ–์— ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
02:27
So what's important to remember?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:30
Comets contain the original material from which our solar system was formed,
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ๋•Œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
so they're ideal to study the components
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฌ์„ ๋•Œ์— ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋˜
02:37
that were present at the time when Earth, and life, started.
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์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
Comets are also suspected
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ํƒ„์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”
02:43
of having brought the elements which may have bootstrapped life.
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์›์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
In 1983, ESA set up its long-term Horizon 2000 program,
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1983๋…„, ESA(์œ ๋Ÿฝ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ด€)๋Š” ํ˜œ์„ฑ ์ž„๋ฌด์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:52
which contained one cornerstone, which would be a mission to a comet.
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ํ˜ธ๋ผ์ด์ฆŒ 2000 ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
02:56
In parallel, a small mission to a comet, what you see here, Giotto, was launched,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ํ˜œ์„ฑ๊ด€์ธก์„  ๊ธฐ์˜คํ† ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
and in 1986, flew by the comet of Halley with an armada of other spacecraft.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1986๋…„์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ—ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:07
From the results of that mission, it became immediately clear
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์ด ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ํ˜œ์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด
03:10
that comets were ideal bodies to study to understand our solar system.
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ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
And thus, the Rosetta mission was approved in 1993,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋กœ์ œํƒ€ ์ž„๋ฌด๊ฐ€ 1993๋…„์— ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
and originally it was supposed to be launched in 2003,
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๊ณ„ํš๋Œ€๋กœ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์€ 2003๋…„์— ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:24
but a problem arose with an Ariane rocket.
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์•„๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ๋กœ์ผ“์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
However, our P.R. department, in its enthusiasm,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ด์ •์ ์ธ ํ™๋ณดํŒ€์€
03:29
had already made 1,000 Delft Blue plates
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์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง„
03:32
with the name of the wrong comets.
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1,000๊ฐœ์˜ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ํŒ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋†“์€ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์ฃ .
03:34
So I've never had to buy any china since. That's the positive part.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์ž๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข‹์•˜๋„ค์š”.
03:38
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:39
Once the whole problem was solved,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ 2004๋…„์—,
03:41
we left Earth in 2004
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ํ˜œ์„ฑ,
03:44
to the newly selected comet, Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
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์ถ”๋ฅ˜๋ชจํ”„-๊ฒŒ๋ผ์‹œ๋ฉ˜์ฝ”์— ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ์˜์•„์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
This comet had to be specially selected
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์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์„ ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
because A, you have to be able to get to it,
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ, ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ด ๊ทผ์ ‘๋น„ํ–‰ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
03:53
and B, it shouldn't have been in the solar system too long.
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๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ, ํ˜œ์„ฑ์ด ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
This particular comet has been in the solar system since 1959.
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์ด ํ˜œ์„ฑ์€ 1959๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์— ์ง„์ž…ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:00
That's the first time when it was deflected by Jupiter,
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์ด ๋•Œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ฒจ์กŒ๊ณ .
04:03
and it got close enough to the sun to start changing.
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ๋งŒํผ ํƒœ์–‘์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
So it's a very fresh comet.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜œ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:08
Rosetta made a few historic firsts.
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๋กœ์ œํƒ€ ์œ„์„ฑ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
It's the first satellite to orbit a comet,
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ์ด์˜€๊ณ 
04:14
and to escort it throughout its whole tour through the solar system --
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์ด ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋‚ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต์ „ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
closest approach to the sun, as we will see in August,
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8์›”์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ ,
04:20
and then away again to the exterior.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ์ € ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€์ฃ .
04:23
It's the first ever landing on a comet.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ„์„ฑ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
We actually orbit the comet using something which is not
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ด ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
04:29
normally done with spacecraft.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜œ์„ฑ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
Normally, you look at the sky and you know where you point and where you are.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
04:34
In this case, that's not enough.
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์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
We navigated by looking at landmarks on the comet.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ง€ํ˜•์ง€๋ฌผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
We recognized features -- boulders, craters --
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๋ฐ”์œ„, ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:42
and that's how we know where we are respective to the comet.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ˜œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
And, of course, it's the first satellite to go beyond the orbit of Jupiter
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๋„ค, ๋ฌผ๋ก , ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ถค๋„ ๋ฐ–์„ ํƒํ—˜ํ•œ
04:51
on solar cells.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Now, this sounds more heroic than it actually is,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธด ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
04:54
because the technology to use radio isotope thermal generators
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๋‹น์‹œ์—” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ๋™์œ„์ฒด ์—ด๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
04:59
wasn't available in Europe at that time, so there was no choice.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
But these solar arrays are big.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ํƒœ์–‘ ์ „์ง€ํŒ์ด ํฌ๊ธด ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
This is one wing, and these are not specially selected small people.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์† ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—„์„ ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ์ดํ•˜
05:07
They're just like you and me.
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์‹ ์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‰๊ท ์‹ ์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
05:09
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
05:12
We have two of these wings, 65 square meters.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” 65ใŽก์˜ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ ๋‘๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
Now later on, of course, when we got to the comet,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง‰์ƒ ํ˜œ์„ฑ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด
05:19
you find out that 65 square meters of sail
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65ใŽก ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋›์„ ๋‹จ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฟœ์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒด๊ฐ€
05:22
close to a body which is outgassing is not always a very handy choice.
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Now, how did we get to the comet?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ–ˆ๋‚˜๊ณ ์š”?
05:30
Because we had to go there for the Rosetta scientific objectives
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–‘๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ 4๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
05:34
very far away -- four times the distance of the Earth to the sun --
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ํ•ญํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:38
and also at a much higher velocity than we could achieve with fuel,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์„  ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ 6๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
05:42
because we'd have to take six times as much fuel as the whole spacecraft weighed.
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์–‘์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์†๋„๋กœ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
So what do you do?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ์ข‹์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:47
You use gravitational flybys, slingshots,
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์ค‘๋ ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ†ต๊ณผ, ์ฆ‰ ์Šฌ๋ง์ƒท ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
where you pass by a planet at very low altitude,
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ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ์ € ์ˆ˜์ฒœkm์˜
05:54
a few thousand kilometers,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ถค๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
05:56
and then you get the velocity of that planet around the sun for free.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๋„๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๊ณต์ „์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ € ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
We did that a few times.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
We did Earth, we did Mars, we did twice Earth again,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์„ ๋” ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
06:05
and we also flew by two asteroids, Lutetia and Steins.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ ๋ฃจํ‹ฐ์‹œ์•„์™€ ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ๋„ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
Then in 2011, we got so far from the sun that if the spacecraft got into trouble,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2011๋…„, ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋„, ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ
06:14
we couldn't actually save the spacecraft anymore,
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ํƒœ์–‘์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
so we went into hibernation.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฉด์— ๋น ์กŒ์ฃ .
06:20
Everything was switched off except for one clock.
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์‹œ๊ณ„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊บผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
Here you see in white the trajectory, and the way this works.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋Š” ํ•˜์–€ ์ค„์ด ์ €ํฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ถค๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
You see that from the circle where we started,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ,
06:30
the white line, actually you get more and more and more elliptical,
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์„ ์ด ์ ์ ๋” ํƒ€์›ํ˜•์ด ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
and then finally we approached the comet
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ 2014๋…„ 5์›”์— ๊ฒจ์šฐ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๊ณ 
06:36
in May 2014, and we had to start doing the rendezvous maneuvers.
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ทผ์ ‘ ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
On the way there, we flew by Earth and we took a few pictures to test our cameras.
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ช‡์žฅ ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:45
This is the moon rising over Earth,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ €ํŽธ์—์„œ ๋‹ฌ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
and this is what we now call a selfie,
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์ด๊ฑด ์…€์นด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
which at that time, by the way, that word didn't exist. (Laughter)
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๋ญ ๋‹น์‹œ์—” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
06:53
It's at Mars. It was taken by the CIVA camera.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ™”์„ฑ์ด๊ณ , CIVA ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
That's one of the cameras on the lander,
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์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ
06:58
and it just looks under the solar arrays,
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ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€ํŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์„œ์˜ ์‹œ์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:01
and you see the planet Mars and the solar array in the distance.
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ๊ณผ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€ํŒ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
Now, when we got out of hibernation in January 2014,
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2014๋…„ 1์›”, ๋™๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:11
we started arriving at a distance
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” 5์›”์— ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
07:12
of two million kilometers from the comet in May.
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200๋งŒkm์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ขํžˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
However, the velocity the spacecraft had was much too fast.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ˜œ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋น ๋ฅธ
07:19
We were going 2,800 kilometers an hour faster than the comet, so we had to brake.
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์‹œ์† 2800km์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
We had to do eight maneuvers,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ์ ‘๋น„ํ–‰์„ 8๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ด์•ผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:27
and you see here, some of them were really big.
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ปธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
We had to brake the first one by a few hundred kilometers per hour,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์‹œ์† ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑkm๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:36
and actually, the duration of that was seven hours,
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๊ทธ ๊ทผ์ ‘๋น„ํ–‰์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฌด๋ ค 7์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
and it used 218 kilos of fuel,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค 218kg์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:43
and those were seven nerve-wracking hours, because in 2007,
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๋ฌด์ฒ™์ด๋‚˜ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•œ 7์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹œ, 2007๋…„์—”
07:47
there was a leak in the system of the propulsion of Rosetta,
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๋กœ์ œํƒ€์˜ ์ถ”์ง„์ณฌ๊ณ„์— ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:50
and we had to close off a branch,
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ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ
07:52
so the system was actually operating at a pressure
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์• ์ดˆ์— ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ๋‚ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜
07:55
which it was never designed or qualified for.
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์••๋ ฅ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
Then we got in the vicinity of the comet, and these were the first pictures we saw.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ํ›„, ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
The true comet rotation period is 12 and a half hours,
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์€ 12์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜์ด๊ธฐ์—
08:07
so this is accelerated,
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์†๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
but you will understand that our flight dynamics engineers thought,
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ €ํฌ ๋น„ํ–‰ ์—ญํ•™ ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ 
08:12
this is not going to be an easy thing to land on.
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์™œ ์ด ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
We had hoped for some kind of spud-like thing
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฐ์ž๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ
08:21
where you could easily land.
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:23
But we had one hope: maybe it was smooth.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ธฐ๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
No. That didn't work either. (Laughter)
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์†Œ๋ง ๋งˆ์ €๋„ ๋ถ€์„œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
08:30
So at that point in time, it was clearly unavoidable:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ด ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๊ฒŒ
08:33
we had to map this body in all the detail you could get,
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ํ”ผํ• ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
because we had to find an area which is 500 meters in diameter and flat.
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์ง€๋ฆ„ 500m์˜ ํ‰์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:41
Why 500 meters? That's the error we have on landing the probe.
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์™œ 500๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”? 500m๊ฐ€ ํƒ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
So we went through this process, and we mapped the comet.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
We used a technique called photoclinometry.
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์‚ฌ์ง„ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ์ธก์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:51
You use shadows thrown by the sun.
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ํƒœ์–‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ฃ .
08:54
What you see here is a rock sitting on the surface of the comet,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ํ˜œ์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ,
08:57
and the sun shines from above.
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๊ทธ ์œ„๋กœ๋Š” ํ–‡๋น›์ด ๋น„์น˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
From the shadow, we, with our brain,
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฐ”์œ„์˜
09:02
can immediately determine roughly what the shape of that rock is.
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๋Œ€๋žต์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์†์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
You can program that in a computer,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:07
you then cover the whole comet, and you can map the comet.
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ˜œ์„ฑ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ์™„์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
For that, we flew special trajectories starting in August.
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์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €ํฌ๋Š” 8์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
First, a triangle of 100 kilometers on a side
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ, 100km ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
09:18
at 100 kilometers' distance,
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์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ 100km์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
09:20
and we repeated the whole thing at 50 kilometers.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„ , 50km์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
At that time, we had seen the comet at all kinds of angles,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ํ˜œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ๋„์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
09:27
and we could use this technique to map the whole thing.
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ ์ „์ฒด ์ง€๋„์— ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Now, this led to a selection of landing sites.
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์ด์ œ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•  ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
This whole process we had to do, to go from the mapping of the comet
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •, ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€๋„์—์„œ ์‹คํ–‰ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:39
to actually finding the final landing site, was 60 days.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋ฐ 60์ผ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
We didn't have more.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ• ๊ฒŒ ์—†์ฃ .
09:44
To give you an idea, the average Mars mission
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ํ™”์„ฑ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ 
09:46
takes hundreds of scientists for years to meet
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์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋ช…์˜
09:50
about where shall we go?
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
We had 60 days, and that was it.
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์ €ํฐ 60์ผ์— ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
We finally selected the final landing site
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
and the commands were prepared for Rosetta to launch Philae.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ น์€ ๋กœ์ œํƒ€์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„๋ผ์—๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
The way this works is that Rosetta has to be at the right point in space,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ด๊ธฐ์—
10:06
and aiming towards the comet, because the lander is passive.
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๋กœ์ œํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
The lander is then pushed out and moves towards the comet.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ˜œ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์›€์ง์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
Rosetta had to turn around
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ํ•„๋ผ์—๊ฐ€ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ• ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ์žก์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
10:15
to get its cameras to actually look at Philae while it was departing
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๋กœ์ œํƒ€๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ์„ ํšŒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
and to be able to communicate with it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•„๋ผ์—์™€ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
10:22
Now, the landing duration of the whole trajectory was seven hours.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ „์ฒด ๊ถค๋„์˜ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์ง„ํ–‰์€ 7์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
Now do a simple calculation:
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด:
10:29
if the velocity of Rosetta is off by one centimeter per second,
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7์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด 2๋งŒ 5์ฒœ์ดˆ์ธ๋ฐ
10:33
seven hours is 25,000 seconds.
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๋กœ์ œํƒ€์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋‹น 1cm๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด
10:37
That means 252 meters wrong on the comet.
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์—์„œ 252m ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
So we had to know the velocity of Rosetta
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ดˆ๋‹น 1cm๋‹จ์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์„ธํ•œ
10:45
much better than one centimeter per second,
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๋กœ์ œํƒ€์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์•Œ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
and its location in space better than 100 meters
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ 100m ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ์œ„์น˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
10:52
at 500 million kilometers from Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5์–ตkm ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
That's no mean feat.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
Let me quickly take you through some of the science and the instruments.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ณผํ•™์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
I won't bore you with all the details of all the instruments,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
but it's got everything.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
We can sniff gas, we can measure dust particles,
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๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋จผ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
the shape of them, the composition,
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ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ
11:12
there are magnetometers, everything.
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์ž๊ธฐํƒ์ง€๊ธฐ, ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
11:15
This is one of the results from an instrument which measures gas density
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๋กœ์ œํƒ€์˜ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๋†๋„๋ฅผ
11:18
at the position of Rosetta,
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์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
11:20
so it's gas which has left the comet.
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
The bottom graph is September of last year.
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์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ํ•ด 9์›”์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
There is a long-term variation, which in itself is not surprising,
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
11:28
but you see the sharp peaks.
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๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
11:30
This is a comet day.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
You can see the effect of the sun on the evaporation of gas
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ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
and the fact that the comet is rotating.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ํ˜œ์„ฑ์ด ์ž์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
So there is one spot, apparently,
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์ฆ‰, ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ
11:41
where there is a lot of stuff coming from,
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๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
it gets heated in the Sun, and then cools down on the back side.
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ํƒœ์–‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์—ด๋˜๊ณ , ๋’ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์„œ ์‹ํ˜€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
And we can see the density variations of this.
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๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:50
These are the gases and the organic compounds
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์ด๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ
11:54
that we already have measured.
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๊ฐ€์Šค์™€ ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:56
You will see it's an impressive list,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ธก์ •์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:57
and there is much, much, much more to come,
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์ธก์ •ํ›„์—”
12:00
because there are more measurements.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
Actually, there is a conference going on in Houston at the moment
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ํœด์Šคํ„ด์—์„œ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
12:05
where many of these results are presented.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
Also, we measured dust particles.
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๋˜ํ•œ, ๋จผ์ง€์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
Now, for you, this will not look very impressive,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
12:13
but the scientists were thrilled when they saw this.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ํฅ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
Two dust particles:
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋จผ์ง€ ์ž…์ž:
12:17
the right one they call Boris, and they shot it with tantalum
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์€ ๋ณด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
12:20
in order to be able to analyze it.
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ํƒ„ํƒˆ๋ฅจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
Now, we found sodium and magnesium.
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ๊ณผ ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
What this tells you is this is the concentration of these two materials
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์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š”
12:29
at the time the solar system was formed,
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
so we learned things about which materials were there
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ ํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œ
12:35
when the planet was made.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š” ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
Of course, one of the important elements is the imaging.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
This is one of the cameras of Rosetta, the OSIRIS camera,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋กœ์ œํƒ€์˜ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ, OSIRIS camera์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
and this actually was the cover of Science magazine
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์žก์ง€์˜ ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์žฅ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
on January 23 of this year.
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6์›” 23์ผ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:50
Nobody had expected this body to look like this.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
Boulders, rocks -- if anything, it looks more like the Half Dome in Yosemite
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๋ฐ”์œ„, ๋Œ--์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์š”์„ธ๋ฏธํ‹ฐ ํ•˜ํ”„ ๋”๊ณผ ๋” ๋‹ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
than anything else.
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:00
We also saw things like this:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค๋„ ๊ด€์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
dunes, and what look to be, on the righthand side, wind-blown shadows.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถˆ์–ด ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์šธ์–ด์ง„ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
Now we know these from Mars, but this comet doesn't have an atmosphere,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ํ˜œ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
so it's a bit difficult to create a wind-blown shadow.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
It may be local outgassing,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
stuff which goes up and comes back.
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์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
13:18
We don't know, so there is a lot to investigate.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
Here, you see the same image twice.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
On the left-hand side, you see in the middle a pit.
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์™ผ์ชฝ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
On the right-hand side, if you carefully look,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:28
there are three jets coming out of the bottom of that pit.
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด์—์„œ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„์ถœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
So this is the activity of the comet.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
Apparently, at the bottom of these pits is where the active regions are,
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ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:38
and where the material evaporates into space.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•จ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
There is a very intriguing crack in the neck of the comet.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง„ ํ‹ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
You see it on the right-hand side.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
13:46
It's a kilometer long, and it's two and a half meters wide.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1km ๊ธธ์ด์ด๊ณ  2.5m ๋„“์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
Some people suggest that actually,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
when we get close to the sun,
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ํƒœ์–‘์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
13:54
the comet may split in two,
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์€ ๋‘ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์—ด๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
13:56
and then we'll have to choose,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
which comet do we go for?
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14:00
The lander -- again, lots of instruments,
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์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
mostly comparable except for the things which hammer in the ground and drill, etc.
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ํ•ด๋จธ์™€ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”
14:08
But much the same as Rosetta, and that is because you want to compare
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๋กœ์ œํƒ€์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
what you find in space with what you find on the comet.
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๊ตณ์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ๋– ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:16
These are called ground truth measurements.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ผ์šด๋“œํŠธ๋ฃจ์Šค ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
These are the landing descent images
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ OSIRIS ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ์ฐ์€
14:22
that were taken by the OSIRIS camera.
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ํ•˜๊ฐ•์žฅ๋ฉด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
You see the lander getting further and further away from Rosetta.
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์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์ด ๋กœ์ œํƒ€์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
On the top right, you see an image taken at 60 meters by the lander,
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์šฐ์ธก ์ƒ๋‹จ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์ด ์ฐ์€ 60 m ์œ„ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
60 meters above the surface of the comet.
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์œ„ 60 m ์ง€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
The boulder there is some 10 meters.
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10 m ์ฏค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ๋Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
So this is one of the last images we took before we landed on the comet.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
Here, you see the whole sequence again, but from a different perspective,
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ „์ฒด ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:45
and you see three blown-ups from the bottom-left to the middle
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์™ผ์ชฝ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ˜œ์„ฑํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์˜
14:49
of the lander traveling over the surface of the comet.
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ํ™•๋Œ€์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
Then, at the top, there is a before and an after image of the landing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋งจ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์ „๊ณผ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ›„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
The only problem with the after image is, there is no lander.
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์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ›„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”, ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
But if you carefully look at the right-hand side of this image,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ์ผ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด๋ฉด
15:05
we saw the lander still there, but it had bounced.
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์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠ•๊ฒจ์กŒ๊ณ 
15:09
It had departed again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
Now, on a bit of a comical note here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ์ ์€
15:14
is that originally Rosetta was designed to have a lander which would bounce.
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๋กœ์ œํƒ€๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์—” ๋ฐ˜๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
That was discarded because it was way too expensive.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฒ ํšŒ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:21
Now, we forgot, but the lander knew.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์€ ์•Œ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
15:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:25
During the first bounce, in the magnetometers,
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์ž๋ ฅ๊ณ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฐ˜๋™์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
15:27
you see here the data from them, from the three axes, x, y and z.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ x ,y, z์˜ ์„ธ ์ถ•์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
Halfway through, you see a red line.
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๋„์ค‘์—, ๋ถ‰์€ ์„ ์ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
15:33
At that red line, there is a change.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ‰์€ ์„ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
What happened, apparently, is during the first bounce,
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ˜๋™์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
somewhere, we hit the edge of a crater with one of the legs of the lander,
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์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”์ฃ .
15:44
and the rotation velocity of the lander changed.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
So we've been rather lucky
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฝค ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜๋˜ ํŽธ์ด์ฃ .
15:49
that we are where we are.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
15:51
This is one of the iconic images of Rosetta.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋กœ์ œํƒ€์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
It's a man-made object, a leg of the lander,
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ์„œ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต๋ฌผ์ฒด,
15:59
standing on a comet.
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์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
16:01
This, for me, is one of the very best images of space science I have ever seen.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ๋ณด์•˜๋˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
16:11
One of the things we still have to do is to actually find the lander.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
The blue area here is where we know it must be.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์ด ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
16:18
We haven't been able to find it yet, but the search is continuing,
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์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š”ํ•œ
16:22
as are our efforts to start getting the lander to work again.
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ํƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
We listen every day,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
16:28
and we hope that between now and somewhere in April,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 4์›” ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ์ฏค ์‚ฌ์ด์—
16:30
the lander will wake up again.
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ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด ์žฌ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
The findings of what we found on the comet:
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
16:35
This thing would float in water.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ์œ„๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
It's half the density of water.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ฃ 
16:40
So it looks like a very big rock, but it's not.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋ฐ”์œ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
The activity increase we saw in June, July, August last year
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋…„ 6,7,8์›”์— ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์€
16:47
was a four-fold activity increase.
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4๋ฐฐ์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
By the time we will be at the sun,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–‘ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฏค,
16:51
there will be 100 kilos a second leaving this comet:
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ , ๋จผ์ง€๋“  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—
16:56
gas, dust, whatever.
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์ด ํ˜œ์„ฑ์„ ์ดˆ์† 100km์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
16:57
That's 100 million kilos a day.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 1์–ต km์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
Then, finally, the landing day.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์ผ.
17:03
I will never forget -- absolute madness, 250 TV crews in Germany.
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๋…์ผ์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—ด๊ด‘ํ•ด์žˆ๋˜ 250๋ช…์˜ TV ์ œ์ž‘์ง„๋“ค์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
The BBC was interviewing me,
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BBC๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ,
17:11
and another TV crew who was following me all day
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ TV ์ œ์ž‘์ง„๋„
17:14
were filming me being interviewed,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ดฌ์˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
17:16
and it went on like that for the whole day.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋‚  ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
The Discovery Channel crew
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๋””์Šค์ปค๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ ์ฑ„๋„ ์ œ์ž‘์ง„์€
17:20
actually caught me when leaving the control room,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ†ต์ œ์‹ค์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
and they asked the right question,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
17:25
and man, I got into tears, and I still feel this.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ, ์ „ ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
17:28
For a month and a half,
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ํ•œ๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์•ˆ
17:30
I couldn't think about landing day without crying,
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์ €๋Š” ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
17:33
and I still have the emotion in me.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ œ ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ„์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
With this image of the comet, I would like to leave you.
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์ด ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:41
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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