Scott McCloud: Understanding comics

324,030 views ・ 2009-01-15

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Nakho Kim κ²€ν† : BH Cho
닀섯가지 감각 κ°€μš΄λ°,
00:19
Of the five senses, vision is the one that I appreciate the most,
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μ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ μ†Œμ€‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” 것은 λ°”λ‘œ μ‹œκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
and it's the one that I can least take for granted.
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λ˜ν•œ κ°€μž₯ λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜λ‹€κ³  받아듀이지 μ•ŠλŠ” 것이기도 ν•˜μ£ .
00:25
I think this is partially due to my father, who was blind.
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μ•„λ§ˆ μ•žμ„ λͺ»λ³΄μ‹œλ˜ 아버지 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 그런 면이 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
It was a fact that he didn't make much of a fuss about, usually.
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μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” 보톡 κ·Έ 사싀에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 그닀지 ν˜Έλ“€κ°‘μ„ 떨지 μ•ŠμœΌμ…¨μ£ .
μ–Έμ  κ°€ λ…Έλ°” μŠ€μ½”μƒ€μ—μ„œ
00:32
One time in Nova Scotia, when we went to see a total eclipse of the sun --
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κ°œκΈ°μΌμ‹μ„ λ³΄λŸ¬κ°”μ„ λ•Œ...
00:35
(Laughter)
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예, 칼리 μ‚¬μ΄λ¨Όμ˜ λ…Έλž˜μ— λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” κ·Έ μΌμ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
Yeah, same one as in the Carly Simon song,
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ν˜Ήμ€ μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄
00:38
which may or may not refer to James Taylor, Warren Beatty
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μ œμž„μŠ€ ν…ŒμΌλŸ¬, μ›Œλ Œ λΉ„ν‹°, λ―Ή μž¬κ±°μ™€λ„ κ΄€λ ¨ μžˆμ„μ§€ 뭐 ν™•μ‹€ν•˜μ§„ μ•Šμ£ .
00:41
or Mick Jagger; we're not really sure.
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κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œλŠ” μ–΄λ‘μš΄ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± μ•ˆκ²½μ„ λ‚˜λˆ μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
They handed out these dark plastic viewers
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직접 νƒœμ–‘μ„ 쳐닀봐도
00:46
that allowed us to look directly at the sun
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λˆˆμ„ μƒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 물건이죠.
00:48
without damaging our eyes.
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00:49
But Dad got really scared; he didn't want us doing that.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” 정말 λΆˆμ•ˆν•΄ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 눈이 μƒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μœΌλ©΄ ν•˜μ…¨μ£ .
00:52
He wanted us instead to use these cheap cardboard viewers,
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κ·Έ λŒ€μ‹  싸ꡬ렀 λ§ˆλΆ„μ§€ λ°˜μ‚¬κ²½μ„ μ“°κ²Œ ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
so that there was no chance at all that our eyes would be damaged.
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눈이 상할 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μ•„μ˜ˆ 없도둝 말이죠.
00:58
I thought this was a little strange at the time.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ” 그것을 μ’€ μ΄μƒν•˜λ‹€ μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
What I didn't know at the time
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œ λͺ°λžλ˜ 것은,
01:02
was that my father had actually been born with perfect eyesight.
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μ•„λ²„μ§€κ»˜μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜μ…¨μ„ 땐 μ‹œλ ₯이 λ©€μ©‘ν•˜μ…¨λ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
01:05
When he and his sister Martha were just very little,
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아버지와 마λ₯΄νƒ€ κ³ λͺ¨κ°€ 어릴 적에,
ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ»˜μ„œ κ°œκΈ°μΌμ‹ 관츑에 λ°λ €κ°€μ…¨λŠ”λ°
01:08
their mom took them out to see a total eclipse --
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01:10
or actually, a solar eclipse --
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μ•„λ‹ˆ 사싀 κ·Έλƒ₯ 일식이라고 ν•΄μ•Όκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ—¬ν•˜νŠΌ μ–Όλ§ˆ 가지 μ•Šμ•„μ„œ
01:12
and not long after that, both of them started losing their eyesight.
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두 λΆ„ λͺ¨λ‘ μ‹œλ ₯을 μžƒκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
Decades later, it turned out that the source of their blindness
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μˆ˜μ‹­λ…„ ν›„,
μ‹œλ ₯μƒμ‹€μ˜ 원인이
μΌμ’…μ˜ μ„Έκ·  감염일 κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’λ‹€κ³  λ°ν˜€μ‘Œμ£ .
01:20
was most likely some sort of bacterial infection.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νŒλ‹¨ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ²”μœ„μ—μ„œλŠ”
01:23
As near as we can tell, it had nothing whatsoever to do
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μΌμ‹κ³ΌλŠ” μ „ν˜€ μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° 관련도 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
with that solar eclipse,
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01:27
but by then my grandmother had already gone to her grave
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ•Œ 이미 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ»˜μ„œλŠ” κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“  것을
슀슀둜의 νƒ“μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ©° λŒμ•„κ°€μ‹  ν›„μ˜€μ£ .
01:30
thinking it was her fault.
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01:32
So, Dad graduated Harvard in 1946,
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자, μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” 1946년에 ν•˜λ²„λ“œλ₯Ό μ‘Έμ—…ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
married my mom,
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μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ™€ κ²°ν˜Όν•˜μ‹œκ³ 
맀사좔세츠주 렉싱턴에 집을 사셨죠.
01:37
and bought a house in Lexington, Massachusetts,
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01:39
where the first shots were fired against the British in 1775,
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그곳은 1775년에 μ˜κ΅­μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ 처음 총을 λ°œν¬ν–ˆλ˜ μž₯μ†ŒμΈλ°,
01:42
although we didn't actually hit any of them until Concord.
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사싀 μ½©μ½”λ“œμ‹œκΉŒμ§€ λ°€λ €λ‚˜κΈ° μ „μ—λŠ” ν•œ λ°œλ„ λͺ»λ§žμ·„μ£ .
01:45
He got a job working for Raytheon designing guidance systems,
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λ ˆμ΄μ‹œμ˜¨μ‚¬μ— 직μž₯을 κ΅¬ν•˜μ…¨κ³ ,
κ·Έ κ³³μ—μ„œ μœ λ„ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ””μžμΈν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
which was part of the Route 128 high-tech axis in those days --
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œ 128번 λ„λ‘œ ν•˜μ΄ν…Œν¬ λ‹¨μ§€μ˜ μΌλΆ€μ˜€μ£ .
01:52
so, the equivalent of Silicon Valley in the '70s.
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즉 70λ…„λŒ€μ˜ μ‹€λ¦¬μ½˜ 밸리 같은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
Dad wasn't a real militaristic kind of guy;
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μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” 그닀지 κ΅°λŒ€ μͺ½μ— μ–΄μšΈλ¦¬λŠ” 뢄은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
he just felt bad that he wasn't able to fight in World War II
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κ·Έμ € 2μ°¨λŒ€μ „μ— μ°Έμ „ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•΄μ„œ μ•ˆνƒ€κΉŒμ›Œν•˜μ…¨μ„ 뿐이죠.
02:01
on account of his handicap,
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μž₯μ•  λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
사싀 κ΅° λ‹Ήκ΅­μžλ“€μ€ 아버지λ₯Ό 거의 ν†΅κ³Όμ‹œμΌœ μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
although they did let him get through
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02:04
the several-hour-long army physical exam
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λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„μ— 걸친 신체검사λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³ 
02:08
before they got to the very last test, which was for vision.
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맨 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ κ²€μ‚¬μ—μ„œμ•Ό κ±Έλ Έμ£ .
그게 λ°”λ‘œ μ‹œλ ₯κ²€μ‚¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:11
(Laughter)
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02:14
So Dad started racking up all of these patents
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μ—¬ν•˜νŠΌ κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” 각쒅 νŠΉν—ˆλ“€μ„ μ“Έμ–΄λͺ¨μœΌκ³ 
02:17
and gaining a reputation as a blind genius, rocket scientist, inventor.
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μ•žμ„ λͺ»λ³΄λŠ” 천재, λ‘œμΌ“ κ³Όν•™μž, 발λͺ…κ°€λ‘œ λͺ…성을 μŒ“μœΌμ…¨μ£ .
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²ŒλŠ” κ·Έμ € μ•„λ²„μ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
But to us he was just Dad, and our home life was pretty normal.
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κ°€μ • μƒν™œλ„ κ½€ ν‰λ²”ν–ˆμ£ .
02:25
As a kid, I watched a lot of television
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μ–΄λ¦° μ‹œμ ˆ, μ €λŠ” ν…”λ ˆλΉ„μ „μ„ 많이 λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
and had lots of nerdy hobbies like mineralogy and microbiology
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그리고 λ²”μƒμ΄μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ μ·¨λ―Έκ°€ λ§Žμ•˜μ£ .
κ΄‘λ¬Όν•™, 미생물학, 우주 개발 κ³„νš 뭐 그런 것듀 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
and the space program and a little bit of politics.
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μ•„ 그리고 μ•½κ°„μ˜ μ •μΉ˜ν•™λ„.
02:33
I played a lot of chess.
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체슀λ₯Ό 많이 λ’€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
But at the age of 14, a friend got me interested in comic books,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 14μ„Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œ
친ꡬ ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ μ €λ₯Ό λ§Œν™”μ±…μ— μž…λ¬Έμ‹œμΌœ μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 μ΄κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ¨Ήκ³ μ‚΄μžκ³  κ²°μ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
and I decided that was what I wanted to do for a living.
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02:41
So, here's my dad:
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자, 아버지 μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ 잠깐 보죠.
κ³Όν•™μžμ‹œλ©°, κ³΅ν•™μžμ‹œκ³ , ꡰ사 κ΄€λ ¨ 일을 ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
he's a scientist, he's an engineer and he's a military contractor.
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자, 4λͺ…μ˜ μžλ…€κ°€ 있죠?
02:49
So, he has four kids, right?
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02:51
One grows up to become a computer scientist,
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ν•œ λͺ…은 μžλΌλ‚˜μ„œ μ»΄ν“¨ν„°κ³Όν•™μžκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•œ λͺ…은 해ꡰ에 μž…λŒ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
one grows up to join the Navy,
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02:55
one grows up to become an engineer ...
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ν•œ λͺ…은 κ³΅ν•™μžκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
And then there's me: the comic book artist.
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그리고 μ €λŠ”...
λ§Œν™”κ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:04
Which, incidentally, makes me the opposite of Dean Kamen,
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μš°μ—°νžˆλ„ μ €λŠ” λ”˜ μΌ€μ΄λ¨Όμ˜ μ •λ°˜λŒ€μΈλ°
μ €λŠ” 발λͺ…κ°€μ˜ 아듀인 λ§Œν™”κ°€κ³ 
03:06
because I'm a comic book artist, son of an inventor,
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그뢄은 λ§Œν™”κ°€μ˜ 아듀인 발λͺ…κ°€μ£ .
03:09
and he's an inventor, son of a comic book artist.
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:11
(Laughter)
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예, μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
Right? It's true.
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
03:14
(Applause)
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03:16
The funny thing is, Dad had a lot of faith in me.
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μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” 점은, 아버지가 μ €λ₯Ό 무척 μ‹ λ’°ν•˜μ…¨λ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” λ§Œν™”κ°€λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 제 λŠ₯λ ₯을 λ―Ώμ–΄μ£Όμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
He had faith in my abilities as a cartoonist,
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03:21
even though he had no direct evidence that I was any good whatsoever;
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μ œκ°€ 잘 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 직접적인 κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜λ„ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜μ…¨λŠ”데도 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
everything he saw was just a blur.
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아버지가 보신 것은 κ·Έμ € νλ¦Ών•œ λ¬΄μ–Έκ°€μ˜€μ£ .
03:26
Now, this gives a real meaning to the term "blind faith,"
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"λ§Ήμ‹ "μ΄λΌλŠ” 말에 μ§„μ§œ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ λΆ€μ—¬λœ μ…ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
덕뢄에 μ œκ²ŒλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œλ§ŒνΌ 뢀정적인 μ–΄κ°μœΌλ‘œ 듀리지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
which doesn't have the same negative connotation for me
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03:31
that it does for other people.
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03:33
Now, faith in things which cannot be seen, which cannot be proved,
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자, λ³Ό 수 μ—†κ³  증λͺ…ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ λ―ΏμŒμ΄λž€
03:36
is not the sort of faith that I've ever really related to all that much.
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제 μ„±ν–₯κ³Ό 그닀지 잘 λ§žλŠ” μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ―ΏμŒμ€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
I tend to like science,
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μ €λŠ” 과학을 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
where what we see and can ascertain are the foundation of what we know.
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κ³Όν•™μ—μ„œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΄λŠ” 것이
그리고 ν™•μ–Έν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” κ²ƒμ˜ 근간이죠.
03:46
But there's a middle ground, too --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ€‘κ°„μ§€λŒ€λ„ 있기 λ§ˆλ ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
a middle ground tread by people like poor old Charles Babbage
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찰슀 배비지 같은 λΆˆμŒν•œ 뢄듀이 λ“€μ–΄μ„°λ˜ μ€‘κ°„μ§€λŒ€μ£ .
03:52
and his steam-driven computers that were never built.
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κ²°μ½” λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ 그의 증기 컴퓨터 같은 κ²ƒμ˜ μ˜μ—­ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
Nobody really understood what it was that he had in mind
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κ·Έ λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ κ·Έκ°€ 무슨 생각을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것인지 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
에이닀 러브레이슀만 λΉΌκ³ μš”.
03:59
except for Ada Lovelace,
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04:01
and he went to his grave trying to pursue that dream.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 무덀에 λˆ„μšΈ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ 계속 κ·Έ κΏˆμ„ μ«“μ•„λ‹€λ…”μ£ .
04:05
Vannevar Bush with his memex --
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λ°”λ„€λ°” 뢀쉬와 그의 'λ©”λ©•μŠ€' κ°œλ…λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
this idea of all of human knowledge at your fingertips --
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인λ₯˜μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  지식을 손가락 끝에 κ°€μ Έμ˜¨λ‹€λŠ” λ°œμƒ
04:10
he had this vision.
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그런 비전이 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
04:12
And I think a lot of people in his day
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그리고 λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
κ·Έκ°€ μ’€ 사기꾼 κ°™λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
probably thought he was a bit of a kook.
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그리고 뭐, νšŒμƒμ„ ν•˜μžλ©΄ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 이야기할 μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
04:16
And, yeah, we can look back in retrospect and say,
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"그래 ν•˜ν•˜, 뭐 λ‹€ 마이크둜 필름 이야기지". ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ...
04:18
"Yeah, ha-ha, it's all microfilm --
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04:20
(Laughter)
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04:21
But that's not the point; he understood the shape of the future.
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μš”μ μ€ 그게 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. 미래의 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
04:24
So did J.C.R. Licklider and his notions for computer-human interaction.
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릭라이더가 컴퓨터와 μΈκ°„μ˜ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ— κ΄€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œλ„ κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ£ : κ·ΈλŠ” 미래의 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
Same thing: he understood the shape of the future,
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비둝 그것이 ν•œμ°Έ 후일에야
04:32
even though it was something that would only be implemented
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 써먹게 될 것이라고 할지라도 말이죠.
04:36
by people much later.
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04:37
Or Paul Baran, and his vision for packet switching.
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ν˜Ήμ€ 폴 배런이 κ°€μ‘Œλ˜ νŒ¨ν‚· μŠ€μœ„μΉ­μ— λŒ€ν•œ 비전은 μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”.
04:40
Hardly anybody listened to him in his day.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ” 거의 λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ 그의 말을 듣지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
Or even the people who actually pulled it off,
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ν˜Ήμ€ μ •λ§λ‘œ 그것을 μ‹€ν–‰ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ κ·Έλ ‡μ£ .
04:45
the people at Bolt, Beranek and Newman in Boston,
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λ³΄μŠ€ν„΄μ˜ BBN사 직원듀 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
who just would sketch out these structures
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κ·Έ ꡬ쑰듀을 μŠ€μΌ€μΉ˜ν•΄λ‚΄κ³ 
04:50
of what would eventually become a worldwide network,
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κ²°κ΅­ 그것이 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 전세계적 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
04:53
and sketching things on the back of napkins and on note papers
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냅킨과 수첩 쒅이에 이것저것 μŠ€μΌ€μΉ˜λ₯Ό 끄적이고
04:57
and arguing over dinner at Howard Johnson's --
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λ…ΌμŸμ„ κ±°λ“­ν•œ 곳은, ν•˜μ›Œμ¦ˆ 쑴슨 μ‹λ‹Ήμ˜ 저녁식사 자리
04:59
on Route 128 in Lexington, Massachusetts,
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맀사좔세츠주 λ ‰μ‹±ν„΄μ‹œ 128번 λ„λ‘œ κ·Όμ²˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
just two miles from where I was studying the Queen's Gambit Deferred
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λ°”λ‘œ 2마일 밖에 떨어지지 μ•Šμ€ κ³³μ—μ„œ μ €λŠ” 체슀 수λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  있고
κΈ€λž˜λ””μŠ€ λ‚˜μ΄νŠΈ & ν•μŠ€ μŒμ•…μ„ λ“€μœΌλ©°
05:05
and listening to Gladys Knight & The Pips
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"λ―Έλ“œλ‚˜μ΄νŠΈ 트레인 투 쑰지아"λ₯Ό ν₯얼거리며
05:07
singing "Midnight Train to Georgia" --
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:09
(Laughter)
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μ•„λ²„μ§€μ˜ 크고 ν‘Ήμ‹ ν•œ μ˜μžμ—μ„œ λ’Ήκ΅΄κ±°λ Έμ£ .
05:10
in my dad's big easy chair, you know?
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05:12
So, three types of vision, right?
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자, 3가지 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λΉ„μ „μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
Vision based on what one cannot see,
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μš°μ„  λ³Ό 수 μ—†λŠ” 것에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ λΉ„μ „
05:17
the vision of that unseen and unknowable.
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즉 λ³Ό 수 μ—†κ³  μ•Œ 수 μ—†λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ 비전이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
The vision of that which has already been proven or can be ascertained.
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또, 이미 증λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆκ±°λ‚˜ ν™•μ–Έν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ 비전이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
And this third kind, a vision of something which can be, which may be,
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그리고 이런 μ„Έ 번째
λΉ„μ „, 즉 무언가
지식에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ 있고,
05:30
based on knowledge but is, as yet, unproven.
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κΈ°λ°˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ, 아직 κ²€μ¦λ˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ€ 것 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
Now, we've seen a lot of examples of people
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μ§€κΈˆκ» κ³Όν•™ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ 그런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 비전을 μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 사둀λ₯Ό μ—¬λŸΏ λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
who are pursuing that sort of vision in science,
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05:38
but I think it's also true in the arts, it's true in politics,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” 이것이 μ˜ˆμˆ μ—μ„œλ„, μ •μΉ˜μ—μ„œλ„,
그리고 개인적 λͺ©ν‘œμ—μ„œλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λΌκ³  λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
it's even true in personal endeavors.
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05:43
What it comes down to, really, is four basic principles:
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이것은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” κ²°κ΅­ 4가지 κΈ°λ³Έ μ›μΉ™μœΌλ‘œ μ••μΆ•λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€:
λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œμ„œ λ°°μ›ŒλΌ,
05:46
learn from everyone;
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05:47
follow no one;
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아무도 따라가지 말라,
05:49
watch for patterns;
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νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜λΌ,
05:50
and work like hell.
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그리고 λ―ΈμΉœλ“―μ΄ μž‘μ—…ν•˜λΌ.
05:52
I think these are the four principles that go into this.
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μ €λŠ” 이것이 μ—¬κΈ° μ μš©λ˜λŠ” 4가지 원칙이라고 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
And it's that third one, especially,
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특히 μ„Έ 번째 μ›μΉ™μ—μ„œ
05:57
where visions of the future begin to manifest themselves.
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λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 비전이
λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
What's interesting is that this particular way of looking at the world,
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이런 μ„Έκ³„κ΄€μ˜ ν₯미둜운 점은
06:04
is, I think, only one of four different ways
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이것이 μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ³€ ν•˜λŠ”
06:06
that manifest themselves in different fields of endeavor.
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λ„€ 가지 방식 κ°€μš΄λ° ν•˜λ‚˜μ— λΆˆκ³Όν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ§Œν™”μ—μ„œλŠ” μ œκ°€ μ•ŒκΈ°λ‘œλŠ”
06:09
In comics, I know that it results in sort of a formalist attitude
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이런 방식은 μΌμ’…μ˜ ν˜•μ‹μ£Όμ˜ μž…μž₯이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
towards trying to understand how it works.
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즉 무언가가 μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” 방식을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 접근이죠.
06:15
Then there's another, more classical attitude
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반면 μ’€ 더 고전적인 μž…μž₯도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
which embraces beauty and craft;
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아름닀움과 기술적 μˆ™λ ¨μ„ μ€‘μš”μ‹œν•˜μ£ .
06:20
another one which believes in the pure transparency of content;
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μž…μž₯은, μˆœμˆ˜ν•˜κ²Œ 투λͺ…ν•œ λ‚΄μš© 전달을 μ‹ λ΄‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:24
and then another, which emphasizes the authenticity of human experience
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그리고 λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
인간 κ²½ν—˜μ˜ 진정성,
06:28
and honesty and rawness.
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정직성, κ°€κ³΅λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŒμ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
These are four very different ways of looking at the world.
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이 λ„€ κ°€μ§€λŠ” 세상을 λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” μ„œλ‘œ 맀우 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이름도 λΆ™μ—¬λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
I even gave them names:
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κ³ μ „μ£Όμ˜μž, 영혼주의자, ν˜•μ‹μ£Όμ˜μž, μš°μƒνŒŒκ΄΄μž.
06:33
the classicist, the animist, the formalist and iconoclast.
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06:36
Interestingly, they seem to correspond more or less
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ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„, 이 ꡬ뢄은 λ‹€μ†Œλ‚˜λ§ˆ
육의 인간 μ‚¬κ³ μ˜ 4가지 ꡬ뢄에 μƒμ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
to Jung's four subdivisions of human thought.
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06:41
And they reflect a dichotomy of art and delight
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그리고 각각 예술과 ν™˜ν¬μ˜ 이뢄법을
06:44
on left and the right;
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μ’Œμ™€ 우둜 κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜κ³ 
06:45
tradition and revolution on the top and the bottom.
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전톡과 ν˜μ‹ μ„ μœ„μ™€ μ•„λž˜λ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
And if you go on the diagonal, you get content and form,
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그리고 λŒ€κ°μ„ μœΌλ‘œ 보면 λ‚΄μš©κ³Ό ν˜•μ‹μ˜ ꡬ뢄이 있고
λ―Έν•™κ³Ό μ§„μ‹€μ„±μ˜ 좔ꡬ가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
and then beauty and truth.
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06:52
And it probably applies just as much to music and movies and fine art,
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그리고 μ•„λ§ˆ 이런 것은
μŒμ•…, μ˜ν™”, 미술 등에 λͺ¨λ‘ μ μš©λ ν…λ°
06:56
which has nothing whatsoever to do with vision at all,
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'λΉ„μ „'κ³Ό λ³„λ‘œ 상관 없을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
or, for that matter, nothing to do with our conference theme
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ν˜Ήμ€ 이번 κ°•μ—°μ˜ 주제인
07:02
of "Inspired by Nature,"
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"μžμ—°μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ˜κ°μ„ μ–»λ‹€"와도 말이죠.
07:03
except to the extent of the fable of the frog
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μ΅œμ†Œν•œ... 뭐 κ·Έ 개ꡬ리 μš°ν™” μžˆμž–μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ.
07:06
who gives a ride to the scorpion on his back to get across the river
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μ „κ°ˆμ„ 등에 νƒœμš°κ³  강을 κ±΄λ„ˆλŠ” 이야기인데
07:09
because the scorpion promises not to sting him,
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μ „κ°ˆμ΄ 독침을 μ˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°λ‘œ μ•½μ†ν•΄μ„œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „κ°ˆμ€ μ—¬ν•˜νŠΌ 독침을 쏘고, λ‘˜ λ‹€ μ£½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
but the scorpion stings him anyway and they both die,
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μ£½κΈ° 전에 κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬κ°€ μ™œκ·Έλž¬λƒκ³  λ¬Όμ–΄λ³΄μž μ „κ°ˆμ΄ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:14
but not before the frog asks him why, and the scorpion says,
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"그게 λ‚΄ λ³Έμ„±μœΌλ‘œ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μš°λ‹ˆκΉŒ."
07:17
"Because it's my nature."
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뭐 그런 의미라면, 상관이 μžˆκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
In that sense, yes.
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07:19
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
그럼...
07:23
So this was my nature.
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이것이 μ œκ²ŒλŠ” μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
The thing was, I saw that the route I took
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μ €λŠ” μ œκ°€ μ„ νƒν•œ 이 방식,
07:27
to discovering this focus in my work
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μž‘μ—…μ‹œμ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”κ³ 
07:31
and who I was --
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μ € μžμ‹ μ„ κ·œμ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”
07:33
I saw it as just this road to discovery.
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λ°”λ‘œ 이런 μ‹œκ°μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:35
Actually, it was just me embracing my nature,
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사싀, κ·Έλƒ₯ μ € 슀슀둜 제 본성을 μΈμ •ν•œ 것이죠.
07:37
which means that I didn't actually fall that far from the tree, after all.
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무슨 μ˜λ―ΈμΈκ°€ ν•˜λ©΄,
사싀 μ œκ°€ κ°€κ³„λ„μ—μ„œ μ €λ ‡κ²Œ 멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έλ‚˜μ˜€μ§„ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
So what does a "scientific mind" do in the arts?
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그럼, 그런 "과학적 인간"이
μ˜ˆμˆ μ—μ„œ 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹¨ λ§μΌκΉŒμš”?
07:48
I started making comics, but I also started trying to understand them,
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뭐, μ €λŠ” λ§Œν™”λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 거의 μ¦‰μ‹œ, λ§Œν™”λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €λŠ” λ…Έλ ₯도 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
almost immediately.
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그리고 λ§Œν™”μ— κ΄€ν•΄ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은,
07:53
One of the most important things about comics that I discovered
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λ§Œν™”κ°€ μ‹œκ°μ  λ§€μ²΄λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:56
was that comics are a visual medium,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ“  감각을 μ‹œκ°μœΌλ‘œ ν¬μš©ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜μ£ .
07:58
but they try to embrace all of the senses within it.
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08:01
So, the different elements of comics, like pictures and words,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ§Œν™”μ˜ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μš”μ†Œλ“€, 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ κ·Έλ¦Όκ³Ό κΈ€,
08:05
and the different symbols and everything in between
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 심볼과 κ·Έ 사이에 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것듀은
08:08
that comics presents,
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λ§Œν™”μ—μ„œ 선보일 λ•Œ
08:09
are all funneled through the single conduit, a vision.
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μ‹œκ°μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μΌν•œ 경둜λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:11
So we have things like resemblance,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, μœ μ‚¬μ„± 같은 κ°œλ…μ„ ν•œλ²ˆ 보죠.
08:13
where something which resembles the physical world can be abstracted
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μ‹€μ œ 세계와 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 무언가가 좔상화될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μΆ”μƒν™”λŠ” 두 가지 λ°©ν–₯으둜 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€:
08:17
in a couple of different directions:
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08:18
abstracted from resemblance, but still retaining the complete meaning,
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μœ μ‚¬μ„±μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μΆ”μƒν™”λ˜μ§€λ§Œ
μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” μ˜¨μ „ν•˜κ²Œ μœ μ§€ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
or abstracted away from both resemblance and meaning
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μœ μ‚¬μ„±κ³Ό 의미 λͺ¨λ‘ μΆ”μƒν™”λ˜λ©° μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ ν™”μƒμ˜ λ°©ν–₯으둜 가든지 말이죠.
08:25
towards the picture plane.
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08:26
Put all these three together, and you have a nice little map
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이 μ„Έ 가지λ₯Ό ν•©μΉ˜λ©΄, 지도가 ν•˜λ‚˜ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ°”λ‘œ λ§Œν™”κ°€ 포괄할 수 μžˆλŠ”
08:29
of the entire boundary of visual iconography,
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08:31
which comics can embrace.
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μ‹œκ° ν‘œν˜„ 전체λ₯Ό 담은 μ§€λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
And if you move to the right you also get language,
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였λ₯Έμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°€λ©΄ 'μ–Έμ–΄'도 λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
because that's abstracting even further from resemblance,
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이것은 μœ μ‚¬μ„±μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° ν•œμΈ΅ 더 μΆ”μƒν™”λ˜μ£ .
08:39
but still maintaining meaning.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ‚¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
Vision is called upon to represent sound
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μ‹œκ°μ€ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό ν‘œμƒν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ™μ›λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:44
and to understand the common properties of those two
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그리고 이 두 κ°€μ§€μ˜ 곡톡점을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ 
κ³΅ν†΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 효과λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 쓰이죠.
08:48
and their common heritage as well;
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λ˜ν•œ μ†Œλ¦¬μ˜ μ§ˆκ°μ„ ν‘œμƒν•˜κ³ 
08:50
also, to try to represent the texture of sound
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08:52
to capture its essential character through visuals.
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핡심적 μš”μΈλ“€μ„ μž‘μ•„λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‹œκ°μ΄ λ™μ›λ˜μ£ .
08:57
There's also a balance between the visible and the invisible in comics.
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λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것과 μ•ˆ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜
κ· ν˜• λ˜ν•œ λ§Œν™”μ˜ μΌλΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
Comics is a kind of call and response,
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λ§Œν™”λŠ” μΌμ’…μ˜ μš”μ²­κ³Ό μ‘λ‹΅μ˜ κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
in which the artist gives you something to see within the panels,
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μž‘κ°€λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ
μΉΈ μ•ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” 무언가λ₯Ό 보여주고
μΉΈ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 무언가λ₯Ό μƒμƒν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•΄μ£Όμ£ .
09:07
and then gives you something to imagine between the panels.
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09:11
Also, another sense which comics' vision represents,
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λ˜ν•œ λ§Œν™”μ—μ„œ
μ‹œκ°μ΄ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 것은 λ°”λ‘œ μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
and that's time.
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09:17
Sequence is a very important aspect of comics.
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'μˆœμ„œ'λŠ” λ§Œν™”μ˜ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μΈ‘λ©΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:20
Comics presents a kind of temporal map.
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λ§Œν™”λŠ” μΌμ’…μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ˜ 지도λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
And this temporal map was something that energizes modern comics,
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μ‹œκ°„μ˜ μ§€λ„λΌλŠ” 이런 κΈ°λŠ₯이 ν˜„λŒ€ λ§Œν™”μ˜ 원동λ ₯이죠.
09:27
but I was wondering if perhaps it also energizes
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” 이런 것이
09:30
other sorts of forms,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν˜•μ‹μ—μ„œλ„ 원동λ ₯이 λ˜μ–΄μ£Όμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ κΆκΈˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
and I found some in history.
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그리고 역사 μ†μ—μ„œ λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ 사둀λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμ£ .
09:34
You can see this same principle operating
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그리고 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ˜ 원칙을
09:37
in these ancient versions of the same idea.
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같은 λ°œμƒμ„ μ‹€ν˜„ν•œ κ³ λŒ€μ˜ λ²„μ „μ—μ„œλ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:40
What's happening is,
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무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 것인가 ν•˜λ©΄, 예술의 ν˜•μ‹μ΄
09:41
an art form is colliding with a given technology,
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νŠΉμ •ν•œ 기술과 μΆ©λŒν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
κ³ λŒ€ μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμ˜ μ„œκΈ°κ΄€ 무덀 같이 돌 μœ„μ— λ„λ£Œλ₯Ό 넣은 것이든,
09:44
whether it's paint on stone,
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09:45
like the Tomb of Menna the Scribe in ancient Egypt,
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09:47
or a bas-relief sculpture rising up a stone column,
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돌기λ‘₯을 타고 μ˜¬λΌκ°€λŠ” λΆ€μ‘° 쑰각이든,
09:50
or a 200-foot-long embroidery,
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 200ν”ΌνŠΈ 길이의 자수 μ²œμ΄λ“ ,
09:52
or painted deerskin and tree bark
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ν˜Ήμ€ μ‚¬μŠ΄ κ°€μ£½κ³Ό λ‚˜λ¬΄κ»μ§ˆ μœ„μ— 그림을 κ·Έλ €μ„œ
09:54
running across 88 accordion-folded pages.
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μ ‘μ΄μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 88νŽ˜μ΄μ§€λ“  λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
What's interesting is, once you hit "print" --
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μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” 점은, μΈμ‡„λΌλŠ” 기술과 λ§Œλ‚˜μžλ§ˆμž...
09:59
and this is from 1450, by the way --
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μ°Έ 이것은 1450λ…„μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€...
10:01
all of the artifacts of modern comics start to present themselves:
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ν˜„λŒ€λ§Œν™”μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ „ν˜•μ  νŠΉμ§•λ“€μ΄ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
직선적 μΉΈ λ°°μ—΄,
10:04
rectilinear panel arrangements,
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10:05
simple line drawings without tone,
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농담을 μž…νžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ°„λž΅ν™”λœ μ„ ν™”,
10:07
and a left-to-right reading sequence.
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그리고 μ™Όμͺ½μ—μ„œ 였λ₯Έμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ μ½λŠ” μˆœμ„œ λ“±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:11
And within 100 years, you already start to see word balloons and captions,
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그리고 100λ…„ 이내에
말풍선과 주석이 보이기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ£ .
10:16
and it's really just a hop, skip and a jump from here to here.
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κ·Έ ν›„ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ μ˜€λŠ” 것은 λ‹¨μˆ¨μ— μ ν”„ν•˜λ“― μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:19
So I wrote a book about this in '93, but as I was finishing the book,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 이런 뢀뢄에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 93년에 책을 μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 책을 λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬ν•  무렡
10:23
I had to do a little bit of typesetting,
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μ‹μž μž‘μ—…μ„ μ’€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆκ³ 
동넀 인쇄점에 맀번 μ™”λ‹€κ°”λ‹€ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ μ§€κ²¨μ›Œμ Έμ„œ
10:25
and I was tired of going to my local copy shop to do it,
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컴퓨터λ₯Ό 샀죠.
10:27
so I bought a computer.
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10:29
And it was just a little thing --
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κ·Έλƒ₯ μ‚¬μ†Œν•œ μΌμ΄μ—ˆμ£ . 문자 μž…λ ₯ λ§κ³ λŠ” λ”±νžˆ 많이 μœ μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
it wasn't good for much except text entry --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” μ˜ˆμ „μ— 제게 "λ¬΄μ–΄μ˜ 법칙"을 λ“€λ €μ£Όμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:33
but my father had told me about Moore's law back in the '70s,
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70λ…„λŒ€μ— 이미 λ¬΄μ–΄μ˜ 법칙을 λ“€μ—ˆκΈ°μ—, μ €λŠ” μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 무엇이 λ‹€κ°€μ˜¬μ§€ μ•Œμ•˜μ£ .
10:36
and I knew what was coming.
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10:38
And so, I kept my eyes peeled
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ˜ˆμ˜μ£Όμ‹œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:41
to see if the sort of changes that happened
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이전에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ μ„±μ§ˆ λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ°˜λ³΅λ μ§€ 말이죠.
10:43
when we went from pre-print comics to print comics
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인쇄 μ΄μ „μ˜ λ§Œν™”μ—μ„œ μΈμ‡„λ§Œν™”λ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄μ˜¬ λ•Œ 같은 λ³€ν™”κ°€
10:46
would happen when we went beyond, to post-print comics.
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κ·Έ λ„ˆλ¨Έ 인쇄 μ΄ν›„μ˜ λ§Œν™”λ‘œ λ“€μ–΄μ„€ λ•Œ λ˜λ‹€μ‹œ λ²Œμ–΄μ§ˆμ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:49
So, one of the first things proposed
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κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € μ œμ•ˆλœ 것듀 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
10:51
was that we could mix the visuals of comics
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λ§Œν™”μ˜ μ‹œκ°μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό
10:53
with the sound, motion and interactivity of the CD-ROMs
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μ†Œλ¦¬, λ™μž‘, μƒν˜Έμž‘μš© 같은
λ‹ΉλŒ€ CD-ROM νƒ€μ΄ν‹€μ—μ„œ κ΅¬μ‚¬ν•˜λ˜ μš”μ†Œλ“€κ³Ό ν•©μΉ  수 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ 
10:56
being made in those days.
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10:57
This was even before the Web.
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심지어 'μ›Ή'이 νƒ„μƒν•˜κΈ°λ„ μ „μ˜ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:59
And one of the first things they did was,
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κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € μ‹œλ„λ˜κ³€ ν–ˆλ˜ 것은
λ§Œν™”μ˜ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€λ₯Ό κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ κ°€μ Έλ‹€κ°€
11:01
they tried to take the comics page as is
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λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°μ— μ΄μ‹ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
11:03
and transplant it to monitors,
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사싀 이것은 고전적인 λ§₯λ£¨ν—Œν’ μ‹€μˆ˜μ£ .
11:04
which was a classic McLuhanesque mistake
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11:06
of appropriating the shape of the previous technology
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이전 기술의 겉λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„
11:09
as the content of the new technology.
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μƒˆ 기술의 λ‚΄μš©λ¬Όλ‘œ μ „μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
And so, what they would do is have these comic pages
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κ²°κ΅­ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 것은
μΈμ‡„λ§Œν™”λ₯Ό 본뜬 λ§Œν™” νŽ˜μ΄μ§€λ₯Ό 놓고
11:14
that resemble print comics pages,
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κ·Έ μ•ˆμ— μ†Œλ¦¬μ™€ λ™μž‘μ„ μ§‘μ–΄λ„£λŠ” μ‹μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
and they would introduce all this sound and motion.
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11:18
The problem was that if you go with this basic idea
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ”, 이런 방식을 μ·¨ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
λ§Œν™”μ—μ„œλŠ” κ³΅κ°„μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έλ‹€λŠ” 것이 기본적인 λ°œμƒμΈλ°,
11:21
that space equals time in comics,
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11:23
what happens is that when you introduce sound and motion,
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μ†Œλ¦¬μ™€ λ™μž‘μ„ μ§‘μ–΄λ„£μœΌλ©΄
이런 것듀은 μ‹œκ°„μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ μž¬ν˜„λ  수 μžˆλŠ” κ΄€κ³„λ‘œ
11:26
which are temporal phenomena that can only be represented through time,
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11:29
they break with that continuity of presentation.
254
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λ§Œν™”λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” λ°©μ‹μ˜ 연속성을 λ‹¨μ ˆμ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:35
Interactivity was another thing.
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μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©λ„ λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μŠˆμ˜€μ£ .
11:36
There were hypertext comics, but the thing about hypertext
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ν•˜μ΄νΌν…μŠ€νŠΈ λ§Œν™”λΌλŠ” 것도 μ°½μ•ˆλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•˜μ΄νΌν…μŠ€νŠΈμ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ΄λž€
λͺ¨λ“  것듀이 μ—¬κΈ° μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ—¬κΈ° μ—†κ±°λ‚˜ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
11:39
is that everything in hypertext is either here, not here,
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μ‹¬μ˜€ν•  μ •λ„λ‘œ νƒˆκ³΅κ°„μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:42
or connected to here;
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11:43
it's profoundly nonspatial.
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μ•„λΈŒλΌν•¨ λ§μ»¨μ—μ„œ 링컨이 그렀진 1νŽ˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμ§€,
11:44
The distance from Abraham Lincoln to a Lincoln penny
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νŽ˜λ‹ˆ λ§ˆμƒ¬μ—μ„œ λ§ˆμƒ¬ ν”ŒλžœκΉŒμ§€,
11:47
to Penny Marshall to the Marshall Plan to "Plan 9" to nine lives:
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"9호 κ³„νš"μ—μ„œ 아홉 λͺ©μˆ¨κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 거리,
이 λͺ¨λ“  것이 λ˜‘κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
it's all the same.
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11:51
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:52
But in comics,
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그리고... ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§Œν™”μ—μ„œλŠ”,
11:55
every aspect of the work, every element of the work,
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μž‘ν’ˆμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μΈ‘λ©΄κ³Ό μš”μ†Œλ“€μ΄
11:58
has a spatial relationship to every other element at all times.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μš”μ†Œλ“€κ³Ό 항상 곡간적 관계λ₯Ό λ§ΊμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:01
So the question was:
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즉 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€:
12:02
Was there any way to preserve that spatial relationship
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곡간적 관계λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„
12:05
while still taking advantage of all of the things
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디지털 기술이 μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ μž₯점듀을
ν™œμš©ν•  방법이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
12:08
that digital had to offer us?
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12:09
And I found my personal answer for this
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개인적으둜 λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” 해닡은
12:11
in those ancient comics that I was showing you.
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μ œκ°€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦° κ³ λŒ€μ˜ λ§Œν™”μ— 이미 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:14
Each of them has a single unbroken reading line,
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각각의 μž‘ν’ˆλ“€μ€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λŠκΉ€ μ—†λŠ” λ…μ„œ 흐름선을 타고 있죠.
12:17
whether it's going zigzag across the walls or spiraling up a column
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λ²½ μœ„μ—μ„œ μ§€κ·Έμž¬κ·Έλ‘œ μ˜€κ°€λ“ μ§€,
κΈ°λ‘₯을 λ‚˜μ„ μœΌλ‘œ 휘감으며 μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ“ μ§€,
12:21
or just straight left to right,
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ™Όμͺ½μ—μ„œ 였λ₯Έμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ μ§μ„ μœΌλ‘œ 흐λ₯΄κ±°λ‚˜, ν˜Ήμ€ 심지어 λ°˜λŒ€λ°©ν–₯으둜
12:22
or even going in a backwards zigzag across those 88 accordion-folded pages,
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접이식 88νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ μœ„μ— μ§€κ·Έμž¬κ·Έλ‘œ κ°€λ“  말이죠.
이것은 항상 λ™μΌν•œ ν˜„μƒμ„ λ‹΄μ•„λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:27
the same thing is happening;
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12:28
that is, that the basic idea that as you move through space
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곡간 속을 움직일 λ•Œ μ‹œκ°„ 속을 μ›€μ§μΈλ‹€λŠ” 기본적 λ°œμƒμ΄
12:31
you move through time,
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μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° νƒ€ν˜‘ 없이 이뀄져왔죠.
12:32
is being carried out without any compromise,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 인쇄가 λ„μž…λ˜λ©΄μ„œ νƒ€ν˜‘μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:34
but there were compromises when print hit.
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12:36
Adjacent spaces were no longer adjacent moments,
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μΈμ ‘ν•œ 곡간은 더 이상 μΈμ ‘ν•œ μˆœκ°„μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
12:39
so the basic idea of comics was being broken again and again
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ§Œν™”μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ λ°œμƒμ€ 자꾸 λΆ„μ ˆλ˜κ³  또 λΆ„μ ˆλ˜κ³ 
12:42
and again and again.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λΆ„μ ˆλ˜κ³  λΆ„μ ˆλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:43
And I thought, OK, well, if that's true,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 뭐,
κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, ν˜Ήμ‹œ
12:46
is there any way, when we go beyond today's print,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μΈμ‡„μ˜ ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄
12:49
to somehow bring that back?
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그런 것듀을 λ‹€μ‹œ λ“€μ—¬μ˜¬ 방법이 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?
12:52
Now, the monitor is just as limited as the page, technically, right?
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그런데 λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λΌλŠ” 것은
κ³§μ΄κ³§λŒ€λ‘œ 보자면 νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ λ§ŒνΌμ΄λ‚˜ μ œν•œλ˜μ–΄ 있죠. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
12:57
It's a different shape, but other than that,
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λͺ¨μ–‘은 λ‹€λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ, κ·Έ μ΄μ™Έμ—λŠ”
12:59
it's the same basic limitation.
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ˜ μ œν•œμ‚¬ν•­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:01
But that's only if you look at the monitor as a page,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ₯Ό νŽ˜μ΄μ§€λ‘œ λ³Ό λ•Œλ‚˜ κ·Έλ ‡μ£ .
13:05
but not if you look at the monitor as a window.
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λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ₯Ό 창으둜 보면 λ‹¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:08
And that's what I propose,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμ£ : μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œν™”λ₯Ό
13:09
that perhaps we could create these comics on an infinite canvas,
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λ¬΄ν•œν•œ μΊ”λ²„μŠ€ μœ„μ— κ·Έλ¦°λ‹€λ©΄?
13:12
along the X axis and the Y axis
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XμΆ•μœΌλ‘œ, YμΆ•μœΌλ‘œ, 또 κ³„λ‹¨μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:15
and staircases.
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13:17
We could do circular narratives that were literally circular.
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μˆœν™˜μ μΈ λ‚΄λŸ¬ν‹°λΈŒ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ •λ§λ‘œ μˆœν™˜μ μΈ λͺ¨μŠ΅μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ λ°©ν–₯ μ „ν™˜μ„, μ§„μ§œ λ°©ν–₯ μ „ν™˜μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:20
We could do a turn in a story that was literally a turn.
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13:23
Parallel narratives could be literally parallel.
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병렬 진행 λ‚΄λŸ¬ν‹°λΈŒλ₯Ό μ •λ§λ‘œ λ³‘λ ¬μ‹œν‚¬ μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
13:27
X, Y and also Z.
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XμΆ•, YμΆ•, ZμΆ•μœΌλ‘œκΉŒμ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:30
So I had all these notions.
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이런 점듀을 κ΅¬μƒν–ˆλ˜ 것이 90λ…„λŒ€ 말 μ―€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:31
This was back in the late '90s,
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μ—…κ³„μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀은 μ œκ°€ κ½€ 머리가 μ΄μƒν•΄μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ .
13:33
and other people in my business thought I was pretty crazy,
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13:36
but a lot of people then went on and actually did it.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§Žμ€ 이듀이 κ·Έ ν›„ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 그런 것을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:38
I'm going to show you a couple now.
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λͺ‡κ°€μ§€λ₯Ό μ§€κΈˆ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
13:41
This was an early collage comic by a fellow named Jasen Lex.
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이것은 제이슨 λ ‰μŠ€λΌλŠ” 친ꡬ의 초창기 꼴라μ₯¬ λ§Œν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:47
And notice what's going on here.
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ν•œλ²ˆ 잘 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:49
What I'm searching for is a durable mutation --
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μ œκ°€ μ°ΎλŠ” 것은 지속성 μžˆλŠ” λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:52
that's what all of us are searching for.
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λ°”λ‘œ 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 찾고자 ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
13:54
As media head into this new era,
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λ―Έλ””μ–΄κ°€ 이런 μƒˆ μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό λ§žμ΄ν•˜λ©΄
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–€ λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λ₯Ό μ°ΎμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:57
we are looking for mutations that are durable,
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κ·Έ 쀑 지속성이 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ, κ²°κ΅­ 계속 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆκ²Œ 될 것듀 말이죠.
14:00
that have some sort of staying power.
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14:03
Now, we're taking this basic idea of presenting comics in a visual medium,
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ”, λ§Œν™”λ₯Ό μ‹œκ° λ―Έλ””μ–΄λ‘œ λ³΄μ—¬μ€€λ‹€λŠ” λ°œμƒμ„ κ°€μ Έμ™€μ„œ
14:07
and we're carrying it through all the way from beginning to end.
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μ‹œμž‘λΆ€ν„° λκΉŒμ§€ ν•œλ²ˆ 주욱 λ”°λΌκ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
방금 보신 것은 μž‘ν’ˆ μ „μ²΄λ‘œ
14:11
That's that entire comic you just saw, up on the screen right now.
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ν˜„μž¬ μŠ€ν¬λ¦°μ— μ˜¬λΌμ™€μžˆμ£ .
14:14
But even though we're only experiencing it one piece at a time,
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ν•œλ²ˆμ— ν•œ 쑰각씩 κ²½ν—˜ν•΄λ³Ό 수 밖에 μ—†λŠ”λ°
14:17
that's just where the technology is right now.
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ν˜„μž¬ 기술λ ₯이 아직 κ·Έ 정도이닀 λ³΄λ‹ˆ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:19
As the technology evolves,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 기술이 λ°œλ‹¬ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
14:21
as you get full immersive displays and whatnot,
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μ™„μ „νžˆ λͺ°μž…ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ””μŠ€ν”Œλ ˆμ΄ μž₯치 같은 것듀이 λ„μž…λ˜λ©΄
14:24
this sort of thing will only grow; it will adapt.
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이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 것듀은 λ”μš± μ„±μž₯ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ°”λ‘œ, 적응할 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:27
It will adapt to its environment; it's a durable mutation.
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ν™˜κ²½μ— 적응할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
지속성 μžˆλŠ” 변이죠.
14:33
Here's another one.
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μ—¬κΈ° λ‹€λ₯Έ μž‘ν’ˆλ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ“œλ£¨ μ™€μž‰μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆμ΄μ£ .
14:34
This is by Drew Weing; this is called
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제λͺ©μ€
14:36
"'Pup' Ponders the Heat Death of the Universe."
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"팝, 우주의 μ—΄μ£½μŒμ„ λͺ…μƒν•˜λ‹€" μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:04
See what's going on here
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μ—¬κΈ° μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ” 것듀을 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
15:06
as we draw these stories on an infinite canvas
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이런 이야기듀을 λ¬΄ν•œμΊ”λ²„μŠ€ μœ„μ— κ·Έλ €λ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ
λ”μš± μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ ν‘œν˜„μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:12
is you're creating a more pure expression of what this medium is all about.
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이 맀체의 근본에 κ°€κΉŒμš΄ 것을 말이죠.
15:21
We'll go by this a little quickly. You get the idea.
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μ•½κ°„ 빨리 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŒ€λž΅ 이런 식이죠.
15:24
I just want to get to the last panel.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 칸으둜 κ°€λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:32
[Cat 1: Pup! Earth to Pup! Cat 2: Come play baseball with us!]
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
15:35
(Laughter)
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자, 도착.
15:36
[Pup: Did either of you realize
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15:38
that eventually the universe will be nothing but a thin, cold gas
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
15:41
spread across infinite, lonely space?]
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15:43
[Cat 1: Oh ... Cat 2: We'd better hurry, then!]
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
15:46
(Laughter)
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15:49
Just one more.
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ν•˜λ‚˜λ§Œ 더 보죠.
λ¬΄ν•œ μΊ”λ²„μŠ€μ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:53
Talk about your infinite canvas.
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15:55
It's by a guy named Daniel Merlin Goodbrey, in Britain.
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μ˜κ΅­μ— λŒ€λ‹ˆμ–Ό λ©€λ¦° κ΅ΏλΈŒλ ˆμ΄λΌλŠ” μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:58
Why is this important?
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이것이 μ™œ μ€‘μš”ν• κΉŒμš”?
16:01
I think this is important because media --
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제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ” λ§€μ²΄λΌλŠ” 것이,
16:04
all media --
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λͺ¨λ“  λ§€μ²΄λΌλŠ” 것듀이
16:06
provide us a window back into our world.
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우리 세상을 λ‹€μ‹œ λ“€μ—¬λ‹€λ³΄κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 창을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:08
Now, it could be that motion pictures and eventually, virtual reality,
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μ˜ν™”λΌλŠ” 맀체가,
그리고 결ꡭ은 κ°€μƒν˜„μ‹€μ΄λ‚˜ 그런 λ₯˜μ˜ 것듀,
16:13
or something equivalent to it, some sort of immersive display,
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‹μ˜ λͺ°μž…ν˜• λ””μŠ€ν”Œλ ˆμ΄ μž₯μΉ˜λ“€μ΄
16:16
is going to provide us with our most efficient escape
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” μ„ΈμƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ„ν”Όν•˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 효과적인 방법을 μ œκ³΅ν•  수 있죠.
16:20
from the world that we're in.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이야기에 λ§€λ‹¬λ¦¬λŠ” 것이 κ²°κ΅­ λ„ν”Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
16:22
That's why most people turn to storytelling, to escape.
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16:24
But media provides us with a window back into the world we live in.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§€μ²΄λŠ” 창을 μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λŠ” 세상을 λ‹€μ‹œ λ“€μ—¬λ‹€λ³΄κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μ°½ 말이죠.
16:31
And when media evolve
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맀체가 μ§„ν™”ν• μˆ˜λ‘
16:34
so that the identity of the media becomes increasingly unique --
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맀체의 정체성은 λ”μš± λ…νŠΉν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:39
because what you're looking at is comics cubed,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 보고 계신 것은, μΉΈ λ§Œν™”μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:42
you're looking at comics that are more comics-like
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κ·Έ μ–΄λŠ λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€λ„ λ”μš± λ§Œν™”λ‹€μš΄ λ§Œν™”λ₯Ό 보고 계신 μ…ˆμ΄μ£ .
16:45
than they've ever been before --
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16:46
when that happens, you provide people with multiple ways
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 될 λ•Œ, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ
16:49
of reentering the world through different windows.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 창문을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ κ·Έ μ„Έκ³„λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:53
And when you do that, it allows them to triangulate the world they live in
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  λ•Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μžμ‹ λ“€μ΄ μ‚¬λŠ” 세상을 μ‚Όκ°μΈ‘λŸ‰ν•΄λ³Ό 수 있게 되며
κ·Έ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό κ°€λŠ ν•  수 있게 되죠.
16:57
and see its shape.
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16:58
That's why I think this is important.
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λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:00
One of many reasons, but I've got to go now.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 이유 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ§€λ§Œ, 이제 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ λλ„€μš”.
17:02
Thank you for having me.
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λ“€μ–΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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