We need nuclear power to solve climate change | Joe Lassiter

125,388 views ใƒป 2016-12-19

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: selena kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
It's easy to forget that last night,
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์žŠ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
one billion people went to sleep without access to electricity.
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10์–ต์—ฌ ๋ช…์€ ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10์–ต์—ฌ ๋ช… ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
One billion people.
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00:22
Two and a half billion people did not have access to clean cooking fuels
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๋˜ 25์–ต ๋ช…์€ ์ฒญ์ •์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:27
or clean heating fuels.
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๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Those are the problems in the developing world.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
And it's easy for us not to be empathetic
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:35
with those people who seem so distanced from us.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
But even in our own world, the developed world,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ, ์ฆ‰ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„
00:41
we see the tension of stagnant economies
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์นจ์ฒด๋œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์ด
00:45
impacting the lives of people around us.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
We see it in whole pieces of the economy,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
where the people involved have lost hope about the future
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:55
and despair about the present.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚™๋‹ด์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
We see that in the Brexit vote.
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๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ ํˆฌํ‘œ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:59
We see that in the Sanders/Trump campaigns in my own country.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ƒŒ๋”์Šค์™€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์šด๋™์—์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
But even in countries as recently turning the corner
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์ธ
01:08
towards being in the developed world,
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01:10
in China,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
01:11
we see the difficulty that President Xi has
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์ง„ํ•‘์ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
as he begins to un-employ so many people in his coal and mining industries
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„ํƒ„๊ณผ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—… ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
01:20
who see no future for themselves.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
As we as a society figure out how to manage
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์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
01:26
the problems of the developed world
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์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ
01:28
and the problems of the developing world,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ
01:30
we have to look at how we move forward
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:33
and manage the environmental impact of those decisions.
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01:37
We've been working on this problem for 25 years, since Rio,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ 25๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ค๋ค„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
the Kyoto Protocols.
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๋ฆฌ์˜ค, ๊ตํ† ์˜์ •์„œ ๋•Œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์š”.
01:43
Our most recent move is the Paris treaty,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์กฐ์•ฝ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
01:46
and the resulting climate agreements
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋ž˜๋œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ํ˜‘์•ฝ๋“ค์€
์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น„์ค€์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
that are being ratified by nations around the world.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ชจ์€ ํ˜‘์•ฝ๋“ค์ด
01:52
I think we can be very hopeful
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01:54
that those agreements, which are bottom-up agreements,
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๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
where nations have said what they think they can do,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•œ ํ˜‘์•ฝ๋“ค์ด
02:00
are genuine and forthcoming for the vast majority of the parties.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„์‹ค๋˜๊ณ  ๊ณง ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
The unfortunate thing
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์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ ์€
02:07
is that now, as we look at the independent analyses
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํ›„์กฐ์•ฝ์—์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€
02:10
of what those climate treaties are liable to yield,
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๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์— ๋†“์—ฌ์ง„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
the magnitude of the problem before us becomes clear.
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02:18
This is the United States Energy Information Agency's assessment
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ •๋ณด ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
of what will happen if the countries implement the climate commitments
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ธฐํ›„ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ง€ํ‚จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:28
that they've made in Paris
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์ƒ๊ธธ ์ผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
between now and 2040.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2040๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
02:33
It shows basically CO2 emissions around the world
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ 30๋…„๊ฐ„์˜
02:37
over the next 30 years.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
There are three things that you need to look at and appreciate.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:44
One, CO2 emissions are expected to continue to grow
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02:48
for the next 30 years.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์š”.
02:51
In order to control climate,
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ 0 ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:54
CO2 emissions have to literally go to zero
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02:57
because it's the cumulative emissions that drive heating on the planet.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์šฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:02
This should tell you that we are losing the race to fossil fuels.
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ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
The second thing you should notice
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
03:09
is that the bulk of the growth comes from the developing countries,
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
from China, from India, from the rest of the world,
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์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ธ๋„, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค
03:16
which includes South Africa and Indonesia and Brazil,
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์™€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ
์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„
03:21
as most of these countries move their people
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03:24
into the lower range of lifestyles
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:27
that we literally take for granted in the developed world.
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์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ .
03:32
The final thing that you should notice
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
03:34
is that each year,
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๋งค๋…„
03:37
about 10 gigatons of carbon are getting added to the planet's atmosphere,
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๋Œ€๋žต 10๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
and then diffusing into the ocean and into the land.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ, ๋•…์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ตœ๋Œ€ 550 ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
That's on top of the 550 gigatons that are in place today.
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30๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์—”
03:54
At the end of 30 years,
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03:55
we will have put 850 gigatons of carbon into the air,
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850๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ ๊ธด ์—ฌ์ •์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์„œ
04:01
and that probably goes a long way
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04:03
towards locking in a 2-4 degree C increase in global mean surface temperatures,
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๋•…์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ 2~4๋„์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด ํ‰๊ท ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
ํ•ด์–‘์‚ฐ์„ฑํ™”์™€
04:10
locking in ocean acidification
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04:13
and locking in sea level rise.
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Now, this is a projection made by men
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
by the actions of society,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:22
and it's ours to change, not to accept.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
But the magnitude of the problem is something we need to appreciate.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์•Œ์•„์•ผ์ฃ .
04:30
Different nations make different energy choices.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
It's a function of their natural resources.
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04:35
It's a function of their climate.
77
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๊ธฐํ›„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
04:37
It's a function of the development path that they've followed as a society.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜จ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
It's a function of where on the surface of the planet they are.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Are they where it's dark a lot of the time,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ณณ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ผ๊นŒ์š”
04:48
or are they at the mid-latitudes?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ค‘์œ„๋„์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:50
Many, many, many things go into the choices of countries,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์„ ํƒ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๊ณ 
04:55
and they each make a different choice.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
The overwhelming thing that we need to appreciate
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์—„์ฒญ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
is the choice that China has made.
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05:04
China has made the choice,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
05:07
and will make the choice, to run on coal.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ํƒ„์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
The United States has an alternative.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
It can run on natural gas
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ์š”.
05:14
as a result of the inventions of fracking and shale gas,
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์…ฐ์ผ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‹œ์ถ”๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์…ฐ์ผ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
which we have here.
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05:19
They provide an alternative.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
The OECD Europe has a choice.
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OECD ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—๊ฒ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
It has renewables that it can afford to deploy in Germany
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๋…์ผ์—๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์—ฌ์œ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
because it's rich enough to afford to do it.
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๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:31
The French and the British show interest in nuclear power.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ์˜๊ตญ์€ ์›์ž๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
Eastern Europe, still very heavily committed to natural gas and to coal,
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๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€ ์•„์ง๋„ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค์™€ ์„ํƒ„์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
and with natural gas that comes from Russia,
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๊ทธ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„ ๋”ธ๋ ค์˜ค์ง€์š”.
05:45
with all of its entanglements.
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05:47
China has many fewer choices
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ณ ์ƒ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
and a much harder row to hoe.
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05:53
If you look at China, and you ask yourself
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:56
why has coal been important to it,
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์™œ ์„ํƒ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ• ๊นŒ.
05:58
you have to remember what China's done.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
China brought people to power, not power to people.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ค€๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:05
It didn't do rural electrification.
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์ง€๋ฐฉ์— ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
06:08
It urbanized.
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๋„์‹œํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
It urbanized by taking low-cost labor and low-cost energy,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ๋…ธ๋™์„ ์ฐฉ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ , ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์‹œํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
creating export industries
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์ˆ˜์ถœ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
that could fund a tremendous amount of growth.
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06:19
If we look at China's path,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€๋‚œ ๊ธธ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
06:21
all of us know that prosperity in China has dramatically increased.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒˆ์˜์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
In 1980, 80 percent of China's population
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1980๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š”, 80%์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
06:31
lived below the extreme poverty level,
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๊ทน๋นˆ์ธต ์ดํ•˜์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
06:34
below the level of having $1.90 per person per day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ผ์ธ๋‹น 1.9๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๊ณ„์ธต ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
By the year 2000, only 20 percent of China's population
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2000๋…„๋Œ€ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ, ๋‹จ 20%์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
๊ทน๋นˆ์ธต ์ดํ•˜์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:44
lived below the extreme poverty level --
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06:47
a remarkable feat,
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์œ„์—…์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:49
admittedly, with some costs in civil liberties
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์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ฑด๋Œ€, ์ธ๊ถŒ์˜นํ˜ธ์—๋Š” ์ ์€ ๊ฐ’๋งŒ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ณ ์„œ์š”.
06:52
that would be tough to accept in the Western world.
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์„œ์–‘์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ์ด์ฃ .
06:56
But the impact of all that wealth
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”
06:59
allowed people to get massively better nutrition.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์€ ์˜์–‘์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:03
It allowed water pipes to be placed.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:06
It allowed sewage pipes to be placed,
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ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ด€์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:08
dramatic decrease in diarrheal diseases,
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์„ค์‚ฌ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆํ‹ฑํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ 
07:12
at the cost of some outdoor air pollution.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ์น˜๋ €์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 1980๋…„๋„์—, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„
07:16
But in 1980, and even today,
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07:18
the number one killer in China is indoor air pollution,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์›์ธ 1์œ„๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
because people do not have access to clean cooking and heating fuels.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์š”๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ, 2040๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด,
07:28
In fact, in 2040,
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07:31
it's still estimated that 200 million people in China
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์•„์ง๋„ 2์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
07:36
will not have access to clean cooking fuels.
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๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์š”๋ฆฌ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•  ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฉ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
They have a remarkable path to follow.
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07:44
India also needs to meet the needs of its own people,
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์ธ๋„๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ž๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๋“ค์˜ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
and it's going to do that by burning coal.
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ์„ํƒ„์„ ํƒœ์›€์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
When we look at the EIA's projections of coal burning in India,
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์ธ๋„์˜ ์„ํƒ„์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ EIA์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
07:58
India will supply nearly four times as much of its energy from coal
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ 4๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„๋‚˜ ๋” ์„ํƒ„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:03
as it will from renewables.
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์žฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์š”.
08:06
It's not because they don't know the alternatives;
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
it's because rich countries can do what they choose,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•„ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:14
poor countries do what they must.
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08:18
So what can we do to stop coal's emissions in time?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์„ํƒ„๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:22
What can we do that changes this forecast that's in front of us?
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์ด ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:27
Because it's a forecast that we can change if we have the will to do it.
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์˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
First of all, we have to think about the magnitude of the problem.
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08:36
Between now and 2040,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2040๋…„๊นŒ์ง€
800์—์„œ 1600 ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ํƒ„๊ณต์žฅ์ด ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์ง€์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
800 to 1,600 new coal plants are going to be built around the world.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์ฃผ์—๋Š”, 1์—์„œ 3๊ฐœ์˜ 1๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ ์„ํƒ„๊ณต์žฅ์ด
08:46
This week, between one and three one-gigawatt coal plants
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08:50
are being turned on around the world.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋Œ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
That's happening regardless of what we want,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
because the people that rule their countries,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
09:00
assessing the interests of their citizens,
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์ฆ‰,์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์ต์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
09:02
have decided it's in the interest of their citizens to do that.
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๊ณต์žฅ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ด์ต์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
And that's going to happen unless they have a better alternative.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ„์† ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
And every 100 of those plants will use up
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  100๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
between one percent and three percent
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1%์™€ 3% ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
09:18
of the Earth's climate budget.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๋น„์šฉ์„์š”.
09:21
So every day that you go home thinking that you should do something
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งค์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ญ๋ผ๋„ ํ•ด์•ผ๋˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ 
09:24
about global warming,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
09:26
at the end of that week, remember:
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๊ทธ ๋งค ์ฃผ์˜ ๋์ž๋ฝ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:28
somebody fired up a coal plant that's going to run for 50 years
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” 50๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋Œ๋ฆด ์„ํƒ„๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
and take away your ability to change it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
What we've forgotten is something that Vinod Khosla used to talk about,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žŠ๊ณ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๋…ธ๋“œ ์ฝ”์Šฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:41
a man of Indian ethnicity but an American venture capitalist.
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' ์ธ๋„ ์ธ์ข…์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ฒค์ฒ˜ ์ž๋ณธ๊ฐ€'
09:45
And he said, back in the early 2000s,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , 2000๋…„๋„์—์š”,
09:48
that if you needed to get China and India off of fossil fuels,
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๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ธ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์†์„ ๋–ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:52
you had to create a technology that passed the "Chindia test,"
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๋„ˆ๋Š” "์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๋„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ" ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
09:56
"Chindia" being the appending of the two words.
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"์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๋„" ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฒจ๋ถ€๋œ ๋ง๋œป์€
09:59
It had to be first of all viable,
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹คํ–‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:02
meaning that technically, they could implement it in their country,
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์ฆ‰, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณธ๊ตญ์— ์‹œํ–‰ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:05
and that it would be accepted by the people in the country.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:10
Two, it had to be a technology that was scalable,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ํ™•์žฅ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:16
that it could deliver the same benefits
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์ต์„
10:19
on the same timetable as fossil fuels,
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ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:23
so that they can enjoy the kind of life, again, that we take for granted.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์—ฐ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:27
And third, it had to be cost-effective
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„์šฉํšจ์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
without subsidy or without mandate.
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๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋ช…๋ น ์—†์ด๋„์š”.
10:33
It had to stand on its own two feet;
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž๋ฆฝ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ 
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
it could not be maintained for that many people
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ, ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ๊ตฌ๊ฑธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:40
if in fact, those countries had to go begging
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" ๋‹น์‹  ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๋ฌด์—ญ ์•ˆํ•ด" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:43
or had some foreign country say, "I won't trade with you,"
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10:47
in order to get the technology shift to occur.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ณ€ํ˜์„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด "์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๋„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ" ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:52
If you look at the Chindia test,
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10:53
we simply have not come up with alternatives that meet that test.
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๊ทธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ฐจ์„ ์ฑ…์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
That's what the EIA forecast tells us.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด EIA ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
China's building 800 gigawatts of coal,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ 800๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ ์„ํƒ„๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
400 gigawatts of hydro,
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400๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์™€
11:09
about 200 gigawatts of nuclear,
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200๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ์˜ ํ•ต๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ
11:12
and on an energy-equivalent basis, adjusting for intermittency,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ„ํ—์„ฑ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
about 100 gigawatts of renewables.
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100๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์™€ํŠธ์ •๋„์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€
11:19
800 gigawatts of coal.
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800๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ์˜ ์„ํƒ„๊ณต์žฅ์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
They're doing that, knowing the costs better than any other country,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:25
knowing the need better than any other country.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
But that's what they're aiming for in 2040
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด 2040๋…„์— ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
11:31
unless we give them a better choice.
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11:34
To give them a better choice,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ
11:35
it's going to have to meet the Chindia test.
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"์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๋„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ" ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
If you look at all the alternatives that are out there,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:40
there are really two that come near to meeting it.
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๋งŒ๋‚จ์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
First is this area of new nuclear that I'll talk about in just a second.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ๊ณง ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์›์ž๋ ฅ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค€๋น„์ค‘์ธ ์›์ž๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
It's a new generation of nuclear plants that are on the drawing boards
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11:51
around the world,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด์„œ์š”.
11:52
and the people who are developing these say
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ 2025๋…„๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
11:55
we can get them in position to demo by 2025
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11:59
and to scale by 2030, if you will just let us.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2030๋…„๋„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.'
12:03
The second alternative that could be there in time
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
12:06
is utility-scale solar backed up with natural gas,
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ชฉ์  ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
which we can use today,
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:12
versus the batteries which are still under development.
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์•„์ง๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ค‘์ธ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด์š”.
12:16
So what's holding new nuclear back?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์›์ž๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ๊นŒ์š”?
12:19
Outdated regulations and yesterday's mindsets.
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ทœ์ œ์™€ ์–ด์ œ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
We have not used our latest scientific thinking on radiological health
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๋ณด๊ฑด์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ์‹  ๊ณผํ•™์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
12:28
to think how we communicate with the public
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
12:30
and govern the testing of new nuclear reactors.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์›์ž๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
We have new scientific knowledge that we need to use
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ง€์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
12:37
in order to improve the way we regulate nuclear industry.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›์ž๋ ฅ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
12:42
The second thing is we've got a mindset
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
12:45
that it takes 25 years and 2 to 5 billion dollars
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 25๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  20์—์„œ 50์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
12:48
to develop a nuclear power plant.
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12:49
That comes from the historical, military mindset
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ , ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
12:54
of the places nuclear power came from.
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์›์ž๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
12:57
These new nuclear ventures are saying
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
12:59
that they can deliver power for 5 cents a kilowatt hour;
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 5์„ผํŠธ๋กœ 1ํ‚ฌ๋กœ์™€ํŠธ๋ฅผ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:03
they can deliver it for 100 gigawatts a year;
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100๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ๋ฅผ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:06
they can demo it by 2025;
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ 2025๋…„๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
13:09
and they can deliver it in scale by 2030,
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13:12
if only we give them a chance.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด์š” ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๊ธˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
Right now, we're basically waiting for a miracle.
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13:19
What we need is a choice.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
If they can't make it safe, if they can't make it cheap,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ , ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:24
it should not be deployed.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ์ฃ .
13:26
But what I want you to do is not carry an idea forward,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ 
13:30
but write your leaders,
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๋ฆฌ๋”์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
write the head of the NGOs you support,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” NGO์˜ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”.
13:34
and tell them to give you the choice,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:38
not the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
13:39
Thank you very much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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