Parag Khanna maps the future of countries

650,509 views ใƒป 2009-09-28

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Chul-min Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:12
Do we live in a borderless world?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:15
Before you answer that, have a look at this map.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ์ „์— ์ด ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:18
Contemporary political map shows
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ํ˜„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ •์น˜์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
00:20
that we have over 200 countries in the world today.
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200๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
That's probably more than at any time in centuries.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
Now, many of you will object.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
For you this would be a more appropriate map.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์™€ ๋‹ฟ์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
You could call it TEDistan.
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TED์ง€๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
In TEDistan, there are no borders,
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์ด TED์ง€๋„์—๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
just connected spaces and unconnected spaces.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ณณ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ฃ .
00:38
Most of you probably reside in one of the 40 dots
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด 40๊ฐœ์˜ ์  ์•ˆ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
on this screen, of the many more
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด ์ ๋“ค์ด
00:44
that represent 90 percent of the world economy.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ 90%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
But let's talk about the 90 percent of the world population
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 90%๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณณ์„
00:51
that will never leave the place in which they were born.
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:54
For them, nations, countries, boundaries, borders still matter a great deal,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏผ์กฑ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ์˜์—ญ, ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ์ด๋ฉฐ
00:59
and often violently.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งค์„œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์น˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Now here at TED, we're solving some of the great
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์ด๊ณณ TED์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚œ์ œ์™€
01:04
riddles of science and mysteries of the universe.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์›€์„ ํ’€์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Well here is a fundamental problem we have not solved:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
our basic political geography.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ •์น˜ ์ง€ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
How do we distribute ourselves around the world?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:14
Now this is important, because border conflicts
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ๋ถ„์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ
01:17
justify so much of the world's military-industrial complex.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ตฐ์ˆ˜์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ •๋‹นํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Border conflicts can derail
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
01:22
so much of the progress that we hope to achieve here.
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์ƒ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์–ด๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
So I think we need a deeper understanding
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋ˆ, ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ, ์ข…๊ต, ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
01:27
of how people, money, power,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
01:29
religion, culture, technology
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€
01:32
interact to change the map of the world.
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๊นŠ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
And we can try to anticipate those changes,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ,
01:36
and shape them in a more constructive direction.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋” ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
So we're going to look at some maps of the past,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ง€๋„์™€
01:41
the present and some maps you haven't seen
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ๋ณธ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด์„œ
01:44
in order to get a sense of where things are going.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
Let's start with the world of 1945.
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1945๋…„ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
01:50
1945 there were just 100 countries in the world.
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1945๋…„์—๋Š” ์•ฝ 100๊ฐœ๊ตญ์ด ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
After World War II, Europe was devastated,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ 2์ฐจ ๋Œ€์ „ ํ›„ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€ ํ™ฉํํ•ด์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ
01:56
but still held large overseas colonies:
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•ด์™ธ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:59
French West Africa, British East Africa, South Asia, and so forth.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ น ์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ์˜๊ตญ๋ น ๋™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Then over the late '40s,
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๊ทธํ›„ 40๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
02:05
'50s, '60s, '70s and '80s,
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50,60,70,80๋…„๋Œ€์—
02:07
waves of decolonization took place.
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ํƒˆ์‹๋ฏผํ™” ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋ฐ€๋ ค์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ
02:09
Over 50 new countries were born.
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50๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹ ์ƒ๊ตญ์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
You can see that Africa has been fragmented.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, South East Asian nations created.
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์ธ๋„, ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„, ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ, ๋™๋‚จ์•„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ณ 
02:17
Then came the end of the Cold War.
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๋ƒ‰์ „์ด ์ข…์‹๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
The end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
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ํƒˆ๋ƒ‰์ „๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ จ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ž˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:24
You had the creation of new states in Eastern Europe,
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๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ์ „์œ ๊ณ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ, ๋ฐœ์นธ๋ฐ˜๋„์— ์‹ ์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด,
02:27
the former Yugoslav republics and the Balkans,
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์ค‘์•™์•„์‹œ์•„์—๋Š” "~์Šคํƒ„"๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
02:29
and the 'stans of central Asia.
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ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
Today we have 200 countries in the world.
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์ด์ œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” 200๊ฐœ๊ตญ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:35
The entire planet is covered
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€
02:37
by sovereign, independent nation-states.
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ฃผ๊ถŒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
Does that mean that someone's gain has to be someone else's loss?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์ผ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ด๋“์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์†์‹ค์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:45
Let's zoom in on one of the most strategic areas of the world,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ „๋žต์ ์ธ ์ง€์—ญ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Eastern Eurasia.
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๋™์œ ๋ผ์‹œ์•„์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
As you can see on this map,
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์ง€๋„์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:52
Russia is still the largest country in the world.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
And as you know, China is the most populous.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์ œ์ผ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
And they share a lengthy land border.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–‘๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:58
What you don't see on this map
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์ง€๋„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:00
is that most of Russia's 150 million people
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1์–ต5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์ธ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
03:03
are concentrated in its western provinces
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„œ์ชฝ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ ‘๊ฒฝ ์ง€์—ญ์—
03:05
and areas that are close to Europe.
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๋ชฐ๋ ค์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
And only 30 million people are in its eastern areas.
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๊ณ ์ž‘ 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ์ •๋„๋งŒ ๋™์ชฝ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
In fact, the World Bank predicts
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์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰ ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
03:13
that Russia's population is declining
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ 1์–ต2์ฒœ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ
03:15
towards about 120 million people
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๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
And there is another thing that you don't see on this map.
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์ง€๋„์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๋Š”
03:20
Stalin, Khrushchev and other Soviet leaders
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์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ, ํ๋ฃจ์‹œ์ตธํ”„, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ จ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด
03:23
forced Russians out to the far east
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์ธ์„ ๊ทน๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์ œ์ด์ฃผ์‹œ์ผœ
03:25
to be in gulags, labor camps,
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๊ฐ•์ œ๋…ธ๋™์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ์™€
03:27
nuclear cities, whatever the case was.
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ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ง€์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
But as oil prices rose,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ
03:32
Russian governments have invested in infrastructure
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:34
to unite the country, east and west.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋™์„œ ๋‹จํ•ฉ์„ ๋„๋ชจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
But nothing has more perversely impacted
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š”
03:39
Russia's demographic distribution,
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์ตœ์•…์˜ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ž…๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
because the people in the east, who never wanted to be there anyway,
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๋™๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด์จŒ๊ฑด ๋™๋ถ€๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:44
have gotten on those trains and roads
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์ฒ ๋„์™€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
03:46
and gone back to the west.
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์„œ๋ถ€ํ–‰์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
As a result, in the Russian far east today,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ทน๋™์ง€๋ฐฉ์€
03:51
which is twice the size of India,
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์ธ๋„ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‘๋ฐฐ์ง€๋งŒ
03:53
you have exactly six million Russians.
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๊ณ ์ž‘ 600๋งŒ๋ช…๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
So let's get a sense of what is happening in this part of the world.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
We can start with Mongolia, or as some call it, Mine-golia.
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๋ชฝ๊ณ  ํ˜น์€ ๋งˆ์ธ๊ณจ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ .
04:02
Why do they call it that?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:04
Because in Mine-golia, Chinese firms operate
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์ค‘๊ตญ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ณณ์˜
04:07
and own most of the mines -- copper, zinc, gold --
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๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ, ์•„์—ฐ, ๊ธˆ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด์œ ,
04:10
and they truck the resources south and east into mainland China.
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๊ทธ ์ž์›์„ ๋ณธํ†  ๋‚จ๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์–ด ๋‚˜๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
China isn't conquering Mongolia.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๋ชฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ นํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:16
It's buying it.
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์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:19
Colonies were once conquered. Today countries are bought.
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ํ•œ ๋•Œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ ๋ น๋Œ€์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด์   ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
So let's apply this principle to Siberia.
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์ด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์ ์šฉํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:26
Siberia most of you probably think of
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ
04:28
as a cold, desolate, unlivable place.
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์ถฅ๊ณ  ์™ธ๋กœ์›Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ด ๊ณณ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
But in fact, with global warming and rising temperatures,
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ํ—ˆ๋‚˜, ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์™€ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์ƒ์Šน ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:34
all of a sudden you have vast wheat fields
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์ด๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋ ˆ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ€๋ฐญ๊ณผ
04:36
and agribusiness, and grain being produced in Siberia.
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๋†์—…๊ด€๋ จ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๊ณก๋ฌผ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
But who is it going to feed?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:42
Well, just on the other side of the Amo River,
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์•„๋ชจ๊ฐ• ๊ฑด๋„ˆํŽธ์— ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์€
04:45
in the Heilongjiang and Harbin provinces of China,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ํ—ค์ด๋ฃฝ์žฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•˜์–ผ๋นˆ์ง€์—ญ์—
04:48
you have over 100 million people.
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1์–ต๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
That's larger than the entire population of Russia.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์ฃ .
04:53
Every single year, for at least a decade or more,
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๋งค๋…„, ์ตœ์†Œ 10๋…„ ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ
04:56
[60,000] of them have been voting with their feet,
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์œก๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฑท๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:59
crossing, moving north and inhabiting this desolate terrain.
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๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
They set up their own bazaars and medical clinics.
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์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋ณ‘์›๋„ ์ง€์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:06
They've taken over the timber industry
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๋ชฉ์žฌ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
05:08
and been shipping the lumber east, back into China.
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๋ชฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ถœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
Again, like Mongolia,
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์ฆ‰, ๋ชฝ๊ณจ์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
05:13
China isn't conquering Russia. It's just leasing it.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ์ •๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:17
That's what I call globalization Chinese style.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์‹ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
Now maybe this is what the map of the region
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์ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ›„ 10, 20๋…„ ๋‚ด ์ด ๊ณณ์˜
05:23
might look like in 10 to 20 years.
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๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
But hold on. This map is 700 years old.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘๊ณ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด ์ง€๋„๋Š” 700๋…„๋œ
05:29
This is the map of the Yuan Dynasty,
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์›์™•์กฐ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
led by Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan.
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์ง•๊ธฐ์Šค์นธ์˜ ์†์ž ์ฟ ๋ธ”๋ผ์ด์นธ์ด ์„ธ์šด ์™•์กฐ์ง€์š”.
05:35
So history doesn't necessarily repeat itself,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ผญ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
05:37
but it does rhyme.
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
This is just to give you a taste of what's happening in this part of the world.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง›๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ „ํ•ด๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Again, globalization Chinese style.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์‹ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
05:45
Because globalization opens up all kinds of ways for us to
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
05:48
undermine and change the way we think about political geography.
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์ •์น˜์ง€ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ›ผ์†๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
So, the history of East Asia in fact,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ
05:56
people don't think about nations and borders.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
05:58
They think more in terms of empires and hierarchies,
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์ œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์— ๋” ๋น„์ค‘์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
usually Chinese or Japanese.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ง€์š”.
06:03
Well it's China's turn again.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
So let's look at how China is re-establishing
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทน๋™์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ์žฌ์„ค์ •
06:07
that hierarchy in the far East.
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๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
It starts with the global hubs.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ดŒ ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Remember the 40 dots on the nighttime map
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์•ผ๊ฐ„์ง€๋„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ 40๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ๋“ค์€
06:14
that show the hubs of the global economy?
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
East Asia today has more of those global hubs
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์— ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋‹ค ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€
06:18
than any other region in the world.
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์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
Tokyo, Seoul, Beijing, Shanghai,
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๋„์ฟ„, ์„œ์šธ, ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•, ์ƒํ•˜์ด,
06:23
Hong Kong, Singapore and Sidney.
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ํ™์ฝฉ, ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
06:26
These are the filters and funnels of global capital.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ž๋ณธ์ด ์ง‘์•ฝ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
Trillions of dollars a year are being brought into the region,
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๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
so much of it being invested into China.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ํˆฌ์ž๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
Then there is trade.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์—ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
These vectors and arrows represent ever stronger
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์ด ํ™”์‚ดํ‘œ์™€ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ์—ญ๋‚ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€
06:38
trade relationships that China has
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ต์—ญ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ ์ 
06:40
with every country in the region.
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ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์ง์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
Specifically, it targets Japan
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ณธ,
06:44
and Korea and Australia,
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ํ•œ๊ตญ, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
countries that are strong allies of the United States.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
06:48
Australia, for example, is heavily dependent
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตญ ์ฃผ ์ˆ˜์ถœ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์€
06:50
on exporting iron ore and natural gas to China.
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์ฒ ๊ด‘์„๊ณผ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
For poorer countries, China reduces tariffs
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋นˆ๊ตญ์— ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ
06:57
so that Laos and Cambodia can sell their goods more cheaply
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๋ผ์˜ค์Šค์™€ ์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ํŒ” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
and become dependent on exporting to China as well.
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
And now many of you have been reading in the news
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ 
07:05
how people are looking to China
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:07
to lead the rebound, the economic rebound, not just in Asia, but potentially for the world.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด๋“ค ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
The Asian free trade zone, almost free trade zone, that's emerging
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๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ž์œ ๋ฌด์—ญ์ง€๋Œ€์˜ ๊ต์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด
07:16
now has a greater trade volume than trade across the Pacific.
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ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ๊ต์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
So China is becoming the anchor of the economy in the region.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์—ญ๋‚ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ถ•์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
Another pillar of this strategy is diplomacy.
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์ด ์ „๋žต์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
China has signed military agreements with many countries in the region.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์—ญ๋‚ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌํ˜‘์ •์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
It has become the hub of diplomatic institutions
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๊ต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜
07:33
such as the East Asian Community.
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ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
Some of these organizations don't even have
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„
07:37
the United States as a member.
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๊ฐ€์ž…์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
There is a treaty of nonaggression between countries,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์นจ ์กฐ์•ฝ์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•ด์„œ
07:41
such that if there were a conflict between China and the United States,
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์ค‘๋ฏธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฉด
07:45
most countries vow to just sit it out,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
including American allies like Korea and Australia.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋™๋งน์ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ตฌ์š”.
07:51
Another pillar of the strategy,
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์ด ์ „๋žต์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€
07:53
like Russia, is demographic.
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์ธ๊ตฌ์ •์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
China exports business people, nannies, students,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ธ, ๋ณด๋ชจ, ํ•™์ƒ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•ด
07:58
teachers to teach Chinese around the region,
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์—ญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ 
08:01
to intermarry and to occupy ever greater
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๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋”
08:04
commanding heights of the economies.
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์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
Already ethnic Chinese people
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๋ง๋ ˆ์ด์‹œ์•„, ํƒœ๊ตญ, ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์—
08:08
in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ
08:11
are the real key factors and drivers
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ํ•ด๋‹น๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด์ž ๋™๋ ฅ ์—ญํ• ์„
08:14
in the economies there.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
Chinese pride is resurgent in the region
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์ด ์—ญ๋‚ด์—์„œ
08:18
as a result.
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๋ถ€ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
Singapore, for example, used to ban Chinese language education.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:23
Now it encourages it.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
If you add it all up what do you get?
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:27
Well, if you remember before World War II,
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์„ธ๊ณ„2์ฐจ๋Œ€์ „ ์ด์ „๋งŒ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
08:29
Japan had a vision
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์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์ž๊ตญ์˜
08:31
for a greater Japanese co-prosperity sphere.
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๊ณต์˜ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
What's emerging today is what you might call
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆˆ์•ž์— ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:36
a greater Chinese co-prosperity sphere.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณต์˜์„ธ๋ ฅํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
So no matter what the lines on the map tell you
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๋„์ƒ ์„ ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
08:41
in terms of nations and borders,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋๊ฑด ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋๊ฑด
08:43
what you really have emerging in the far east
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๊ทน๋™์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:45
are national cultures,
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๋” ์œ ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋” ์ œ๊ตญ์  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜
08:47
but in a much more fluid, imperial zone.
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๋ฏผ์กฑ๋ฌธํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
All of this is happening without firing a shot.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์„ฑ์—†์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
That's most certainly not the case in the Middle East
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์ค‘๋™๊ณผ๋Š” ํŒ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:56
where countries are still very uncomfortable
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์ค‘๋™์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ง€๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋ชธ์‚ด์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
in the borders left behind by European colonialists.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์‹๋ฏผ๊ตญ์ด ๊ทธ์–ด ๋†“์€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
So what can we do to think about borders differently in this part of the world?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ค‘๋™์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:06
What lines on the map should we focus on?
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์ง€๋„์ƒ ์–ด๋–ค ์„ ์— ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:08
What I want to present to you is what I call
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์ค‘๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์†Œ์œ„
09:10
state building, day by day.
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๋งค์ผ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฑด๋ฆฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
Let's start with Iraq.
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์ด๋ผํฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
Six years after the U.S. invasion of Iraq,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ด๋ผํฌ๋ฅผ ์นจ๊ณตํ•œ ์ง€ 6๋…„,
09:17
the country still exists more on a map than it does in reality.
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์ง€๋„์ƒ ์ด๋ผํฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ˜„์‹ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
Oil used to be one of the forces holding Iraq together;
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ํ•œ ๋•Œ ์„์œ ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜
09:23
now it is the most significant cause of the country's disintegration.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์—ด์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
The reason is Kurdistan.
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์ฟ ๋ฅด๋“œ์ง€์—ญ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
09:29
The Kurds for 3,000 years
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์‚ผ์ฒœ๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์ฟ ๋ฅด๋“œ์ธ๋“ค์€
09:31
have been waging a struggle for independence,
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๋…๋ฆฝํˆฌ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์—ฌ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
and now is their chance to finally have it.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ ์Ÿ์ทจํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
These are pipeline routes, which emerge from Kurdistan,
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์ด ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ฟ ๋ฅด๋“œ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
which is an oil-rich region.
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์„์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด์ฃ .
09:40
And today, if you go to Kurdistan,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ฟ ๋ฅด๋“œ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š”
09:42
you'll see that Kurdish Peshmerga guerillas
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ํŽ˜์‹œ๋ฉ”๋ฅด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒŒ๋ฆด๋ผ๊ตฐ์ด
09:44
are squaring off against the Sunni Iraqi army.
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์ˆ˜๋‹ˆํŒŒ ์ด๋ผํฌ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
But what are they guarding?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:49
Is it really a border on the map?
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์ง€๋„์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ๋ ค๊ณ ?
09:51
No. It's the pipelines.
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†ก์œ ๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
If the Kurds can control their pipelines, they can set the terms
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์ฟ ๋ฅด๋“œ์ธ์ด ์†ก์œ ๊ด€์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
09:55
of their own statehood.
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์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
Now should we be upset about this, about the potential disintegration of Iraq?
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์ด๋ผํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:00
I don't believe we should.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
Iraq will still be the second largest oil producer in the world,
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์ด๋ผํฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋””์— ์ด์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
10:05
behind Saudi Arabia.
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์‚ฐ์œ ๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
And we'll have a chance to solve a 3,000 year old dispute.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ผ์ฒœ๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์†๋œ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
Now remember Kurdistan is landlocked.
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์ฟ ๋ฅด๋“œ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์œก์ง€๋กœ ๋‘˜๋ ค์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
It has no choice but to behave.
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
In order to profit from its oil
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์„์œ ๋ฅผ ํŒ”์•„ ์ด์ต์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋ ค๋ฉด
10:16
it has to export it through Turkey or Syria,
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ํ„ฐํ‚ค๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ถœ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜.
10:19
and other countries, and Iraq itself.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ผํฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
And therefore it has to have amicable relations with them.
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์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ข‹์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
Now lets look at a perennial conflict in the region.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
10:27
That is, of course, in Palestine.
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ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
Palestine is something of a cartographic anomaly
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์ง€๋„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด๋„ ์ข€ ํŠน์ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
because it's two parts Palestinian, one part Israel.
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๋‘˜์€ ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ์˜ํ† ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
30 years of rose garden diplomacy
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์‚ผ์‹ญ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์žฅ๋ฏธ์ •์› ์™ธ๊ต์—๋„
10:38
have not delivered us peace in this conflict.
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ํ‰ํ™”์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
What might? I believe that what might
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
10:44
solve the problem is infrastructure.
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์ธํ”„๋ผ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
Today donors are spending billions of dollars on this.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ธํ”„๋ผ์— ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
These two arrows are an arc,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ํ™”์‚ดํ‘œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€
10:51
an arc of commuter railroads and other infrastructure
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ํ†ต๊ทผ ์—ด์ฐจ์™€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
10:54
that link the West Bank and Gaza.
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์›จ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฑ…ํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์ž์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
If Gaza can have a functioning port
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๊ฐ€์ž์ง€๊ตฌ์— ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์–ด
10:59
and be linked to the West Bank, you can have a viable Palestinian state,
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์›จ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฑ…ํฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ์€ ์ž์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ
11:02
Palestinian economy.
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์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
That, I believe, is going to bring peace to this particular conflict.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ๋ถ„์Ÿ์ง€์—ญ์— ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
The lesson from Kurdistan and from Palestine
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์ฟ ๋ฅด๋“œ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตํ›ˆ์€
11:12
is that independence alone, without infrastructure,
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์ธํ”„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์€
11:15
is futile.
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ํ—›๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
Now what might this entire region look like
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ญ๋‚ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์ด ์‚ฌ๊ทธ๋ผ๋“ค์–ด
11:19
if in fact we focus on other lines on the map besides borders,
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ์™ธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ์— ๋ˆˆ๊ธธ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์ „์ฒด๋Š”
11:23
when the insecurities might abate?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
11:26
The last time that was the case was actually
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ค ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š”
11:28
a century ago, during the Ottoman Empire.
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1์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „ ์˜ค์Šค๋งŒ์ œ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
This is the Hejaz Railway.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํžˆ์ž์ฆˆ์ฒ ๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
The Hejaz Railway ran from Istanbul to Medina via Damascus.
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์ด ์ฒ ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด์Šคํƒ„๋ถˆ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœ, ๋‹ค๋งˆ์Šค์ฟ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ฉ”๋””๋‚˜๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
It even had an offshoot running to Haifa
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ํ•˜์ดํŒŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ฒ ๊ธธ์ด ๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
in what is today Israel, on the Mediterranean Sea.
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์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ์ง€์—ญ์ด์ง€์š”.
11:40
But today the Hejaz Railway lies in tatters, ruins.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํžˆ์ž์ฆˆ์ฒ ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ›ผ์†๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
If we were to focus on reconstructing these curvy lines on the map,
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์ด ์ฒ ๋กœ์™€ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฑดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ
11:47
infrastructure, that cross the straight lines, the borders,
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์ง์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:50
I believe the Middle East would be a far more peaceful region.
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์ค‘๋™์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์›Œ ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
Now let's look at another part of the world,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ
11:56
the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia, the 'stans.
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์ค‘์•™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ „์†Œ๋น„์—ํŠธ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ, ์ฆ‰ '์Šคํƒ„'๊ตญ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
These countries' borders originate from Stalin's decrees.
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์ด๊ณณ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์€ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ช…๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•ด์กŒ์ฃ .
12:02
He purposely did not want these countries to make sense.
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์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
He wanted ethnicities to mingle
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๋ฏผ์กฑ์„ ์ž์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค์„ž์–ด์„œ
12:08
in ways that would allow him to divide and rule.
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์›ํ•˜๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ• ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:10
Fortunately for them, most of their oil and gas resources
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๋‹คํ–‰์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ž์›์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„
12:13
were discovered after the Soviet Union collapsed.
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๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ จ ๋ถ•๊ดด ํ›„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
Now I know some of you may be thinking, "Oil, oil, oil.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
Why is it all he's talking about is oil?"
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'์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์™œ ์˜จํ†ต ์„์œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋ฟ์ด์•ผ?'
12:21
Well, there is a big difference in the way we used to talk about oil
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์˜ˆ์ „์— ์„์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
12:24
and the way we're talking about it now.
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ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
Before it was, how do we control their oil?
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” '์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋“ค์˜ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์ง€?' ์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:29
Now it's their oil for their own purposes.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ €๋“ค์˜ ์„์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:31
And I assure you it's every bit as important to them
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์‹๋ฏผ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ž์™€ ์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋งŒํผ
12:33
as it might have been to colonizers and imperialists.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์„์œ ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
Here are just some of the pipeline projections
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์†ก์œ ๊ด€ ๊ณ„ํš
12:39
and possibilities and scenarios
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค,
12:41
and routes that are being mapped out for the next several decades.
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๋ฃจํŠธ๋กœ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช‡์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ „๊ฐœ๋  ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
A great deal of them.
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์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
For a number of countries in this part of the world,
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์ด ๊ณณ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
12:48
having pipelines is the ticket to becoming part of the global economy
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์†ก์œ ๊ด€ ํ™•๋ณด๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ผ์›์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๋ฉฐ
12:51
and for having some meaning
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๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ด์™ธ์˜
12:53
besides the borders that they are not loyal to themselves.
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์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
Just take Azerbaijan.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์•„์ œ๋ฅด๋ฐ”์ด์ž”์€
12:58
Azerbaijan was a forgotten corner of the Caucuses,
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์นดํ”„์นด์Šค์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์žŠํ˜€์ง„ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
but now with the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline into Turkey,
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๋ฐ”์ฟ -ํŠธ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์‹œ-ํ„ฐํ‚ค์˜ ์„ธ์ดํ•œ์„ ์ž‡๋Š” ์†ก์œ ๊ด€ ๋•๋ถ„์—
13:04
it has rebranded itself as the frontier of the west.
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์„œ์–‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
Then there is Turkmenistan, which most people think of
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ฅดํฌ๋ฉ”๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์„ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
13:11
as a frozen basket case.
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์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๋Š” ๋™ํ† ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
But now it's contributing gas across the Caspian Sea
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์นด์Šคํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ
13:16
to provide for Europe,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
13:18
and even a potentially Turkmen-
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ๋ฅดํฌ๋ฉ”๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„
13:20
Afghan-Pakistan-India pipeline as well.
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์•„ํ”„์นด๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„-ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„-์ธ๋„๋ฅผ ์ž‡๋Š” ์†ก์œ ๊ด€์—๋„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
Then there is Kazakhstan, which didn't even have a name before.
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์นด์žํ์Šคํƒ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
It was more considered South Siberia during the Soviet Union.
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๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ จ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‚จ์ชฝ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์ฃ .
13:30
Today most people recognize Kazakhstan
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ
13:32
as an emerging geopolitical player. Why?
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๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ์ฃผ์š”๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
Because it has shrewdly designed pipelines to flow across the Caspian,
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์นด์Šคํ”ผํ•ด๋กœ, ๋ถ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋กœ, ๋™์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์†ก์œ ๊ด€์„
13:38
north through Russia, and even east to China.
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๋ฐœ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„ํšํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
More pipelines means more silk roads, instead of the Great Game.
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์†ก์œ ๊ด€ ์ฆ์ถ•์€ ์˜๊ตญ-๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ จ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹คํฌ๋กœ๋“œ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
The Great Game connotes dominance of one over the other.
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์ด ๋ถ„์Ÿ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
13:50
Silk road connotes independence and mutual trust.
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์‹คํฌ๋กœ๋“œ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ดํฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
The more pipelines we have, the more silk roads we'll have,
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์†ก์œ ๊ด€์„ ๋” ์ง€์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹คํฌ๋กœ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
13:56
and the less of a dominant Great Game competition
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์–‘์œก๊ฐ•์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์€ ์ ์  ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š”
13:59
we'll have in the 21st century.
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
Now let's look at the only part of the world that really has brought down its borders,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์–ด์„œ
14:05
and how that has enhanced its strength.
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์„ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
And that is, of course, Europe.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
14:10
The European Union began as just the coal and steel community of six countries,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ 6๊ฐœ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์„ํƒ„ ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋กœ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
and their main purpose was really to keep the rehabilitation of Germany
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์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ฃผ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋…์ผ์˜ ์žฌํ™œ์„ ๋•๋˜
14:17
to happen in a peaceful way.
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ํ‰ํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
But then eventually it grew into 12 countries,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ 12๊ฐœ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ปค์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
and those are the 12 stars on the European flag.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ EU๊ตญ๊ธฐ์— 12๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
The E.U. also became a currency block,
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EU๋Š” ๋˜ ํ™”ํ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
14:27
and is now the most powerful trade block in the entire world.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ต์—ญ๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
On average, the E.U. has grown by one country per year
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๋ƒ‰์ „ ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ EU๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์ด ๋งค๋…„
14:34
since the end of the Cold War.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ๋Š˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
In fact most of that happened on just one day.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋งŒ์— ์ด๋ค„์กŒ์ฃ .
14:39
In 2004, 15 new countries joined the E.U.
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2004๋…„์— 15๊ฐœ๊ตญ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
and now you have what most people consider
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
14:44
a zone of peace spanning 27 countries
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27๊ฐœ๊ตญ์˜ 4์–ต5์ฒœ๋งŒ์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š”
14:46
and 450 million people.
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์œ ๋กœ ํ‰ํ™”์ง€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
So what is next? What is the future of the European Union?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด EU์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ƒ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
14:53
Well in light blue, you see the zones
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์น ํ•ด์ง„ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์€
14:55
or the regions that are at least two-thirds
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ํˆฌ์ž์™€ ๊ต์—ญ์—์„œ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2
14:57
or more dependent on the European Union
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์„ EU์—
14:59
for trade and investment.
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์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
What does that tell us? Trade and investment tell us
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด ์•ฝ์†ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ
15:03
that Europe is putting its money where its mouth is.
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ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
Even if these regions aren't part of the E.U.,
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์€ EUํšŒ์›๊ตญ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
15:09
they are becoming part of its sphere of influence.
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EU์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋ ฅ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
Just take the Balkans. Croatia, Serbia
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๋ฐœ์นธ๋ฐ˜๋„์˜ ํฌ๋กœ์•„ํ‹ฐ์•„, ์„ธ๋ฅด๋น„์•„
15:14
Bosnia, they're not members of the E.U. yet.
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๋ณด์Šค๋‹ˆ์•„๋Š” ์•„์ง EUํšŒ์›๊ตญ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
But you can get on a German ICE train
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…์ผ์—์„œ ICE๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ฉด
15:19
and make it almost to Albania.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•Œ๋ฐ”๋‹ˆ์•„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
In Bosnia you use the Euro currency already,
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๋ณด์Šค๋‹ˆ์•„๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์œ ๋กœํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ค‘์ด๊ณ 
15:24
and that's the only currency they're probably ever going to have.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ํ†ตํ™”๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
So, looking at other parts of Europe's periphery, such as North Africa.
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๋ถ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
15:31
On average, every year or two,
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋‘ํ•ด ๋งŒ์—
15:33
a new oil or gas pipeline opens up under the Mediterranean,
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์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด์ €์— ์„์œ ์†ก์œ ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค์†ก์œ ๊ด€์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์–ด
15:36
connecting North Africa to Europe.
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๋ถ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ์ž‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
That not only helps Europe diminish its reliance
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๊ทธ ๋•์— ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€ ๋Œ€๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์˜์กด๋„๋ฅผ
15:41
on Russia for energy,
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์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
but if you travel to North Africa today, you'll hear more and more people saying
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ถ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
that they don't really think of their region as the Middle East.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ค‘๋™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
15:49
So in other words, I believe that President Sarkozy of France
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์ฆ‰, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์‚ฌ๋ฅด์ฝ”์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด ์—ฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
15:52
is right when he talks about a Mediterranean union.
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์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
Now let's look at Turkey and the Caucasus.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ„ฐํ‚ค์™€ ์นดํ”„์นด์Šค์ง€๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
15:59
I mentioned Azerbaijan before.
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์•„์ œ๋ฅด๋ฐ”์ด์ž”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„  ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ ธ๊ณ 
16:01
That corridor of Turkey and the Caucasus
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ํ„ฐํ‚ค์™€ ์นดํ”„์นด์Šค์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ € ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
16:03
has become the conduit for 20 percent
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 20%๊ฐ€
16:05
of Europe's energy supply.
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๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
So does Turkey really have to be a member of the European Union?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ„ฐํ‚ค๊ฐ€ EU์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:10
I don't think it does. I think it's already part of
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ EU์™€ ํ„ฐํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”
16:12
a Euro-Turkish superpower.
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๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:15
So what's next? Where are we going to see borders change
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์— ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
16:18
and new countries born?
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์‹ ์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
16:20
Well, South Central Asia, South West Asia
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์ค‘๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์„œ์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ
16:22
is a very good place to start.
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๋จผ์ € ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
Eight years after the U.S. invaded Afghanistan
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์นจ๊ณต 8๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์€
16:26
there is still a tremendous amount of instability.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
Pakistan and Afghanistan are still so fragile
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์•„์ง ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
16:31
that neither of them have dealt constructively
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๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํŒŒ์Šˆํˆฐ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
16:33
with the problem of Pashtun nationalism.
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๊ฑด์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
This is the flag that flies in the minds
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์ด ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–‘๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ง€๋Œ€์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š”
16:38
of 20 million Pashtuns
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2000๋งŒ ํŒŒ์Šˆํˆฐ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์—
16:40
who live on both sides of the Afghan and Pakistan border.
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๋‚˜๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
Let's not neglect the insurgency just to the south,
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์ด๊ณณ ๋‚จ์ชฝ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๋„ ๋“ฑํ•œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:46
Balochistan. Two weeks ago,
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๋ฒจ๋ฃจ์น˜์Šคํƒ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2์ฃผ ์ „
16:48
Balochi rebels attacked a Pakistani military garrison,
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๋ฒจ๋ฃจ์น˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„๊ตฐ ์ฃผ๋‘”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
and this was the flag that they raised over it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ธ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
The post-colonial entropy
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ํ›„ ์‹๋ฏผ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด
16:56
that is happening around the world is accelerating,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
and I expect more such changes to occur in the map
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋„์ƒ์—์„  ๊ทธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
as the states fragment.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
17:03
Of course, we can't forget Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋„ ์žŠ์–ด์„  ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
53 countries, and by far the most number
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53๊ฐœ๊ตญ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฏธ์‹ฌ์ฉ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์น˜
17:07
of suspiciously straight lines on the map.
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๊ณง์€ ์ง์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
If we were to look at all of Africa
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „์—ญ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
17:12
we could most certainly acknowledge far more,
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๋ถ€์กฑ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
17:15
tribal divisions and so forth.
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
But let's just look at Sudan, the second-largest country in Africa.
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์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:21
It has three ongoing civil wars,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚ด์ „์ด ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
the genocide in Darfur, which you all know about,
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๋‹ค ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅดํ‘ธ๋ฅด ์ธ์ข…ํ•™์‚ด,
17:26
the civil war in the east of the country,
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๋™์ชฝ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋‚ด์ „,
17:28
and south Sudan.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚จ์ˆ˜๋‹จ ๋‚ด์ „์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:30
South Sudan is going to be having a referendum in 2011
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๋‚จ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€ 2011๋…„ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
17:33
in which it is very likely to vote itself independence.
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๋…๋ฆฝ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
Now let's go up to the Arctic Circle.
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์ด์   ๋ถ๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
There is a great race on for energy resources
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๋ถ๊ทน ํ•ด์ €์— ๋งค์žฅ๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ
17:42
under the Arctic seabed.
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์น˜์—ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:44
Who will win? Canada? Russia? The United States?
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์ด์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
17:46
Actually Greenland.
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์Šน์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋ž€๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
Several weeks ago Greenland's [60,000] people
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์ „, ์œก๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋ž€๋“œ์ธ๋“ค์€
17:51
voted themselves self-governance rights
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๋ด๋งˆํฌ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์น˜๊ถŒ์„ ์–ป๋Š”
17:53
from Denmark.
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ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
So Denmark is about to get a whole lot smaller.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ด๋งˆํฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ž‘์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
What is the lesson from all of this?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
18:00
Geopolitics is a very unsentimental discipline.
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์ง€์ •ํ•™์€ ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
It's constantly morphing and changing the world,
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:06
like climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
18:08
And like our relationship with the ecosystem
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์™€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋“ฏ
18:10
we're always searching for equilibrium
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋„
18:12
in how we divide ourselves across the planet.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ‰ํ˜•์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:15
Now we fear changes on the map.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
We fear civil wars, death tolls,
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๋‚ด์ „๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๊ณ 
18:19
having to learn the names of new countries.
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์‹ ์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
But I believe that the inertia of the existing borders that we have today
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ๊ฐ์ด
18:25
is far worse and far more violent.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋”์ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
The question is how do we change those borders,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
18:29
and what lines do we focus on?
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์–ด๋–ค ์„ ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋Š๋ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
I believe we focus on the lines that cross borders,
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๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ์„ ๊ณผ
18:33
the infrastructure lines.
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์ธํ”„๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋ฉด
18:35
Then we'll wind up with the world we want, a borderless one.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:40
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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