One seed at a time, protecting the future of food | Cary Fowler

61,514 views ・ 2009-08-31

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Lee Shi-Nae κ²€ν† : Dong Inn Na
00:19
I've been fascinated with crop diversity for about 35 years from now,
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μ €λŠ” μž‘λ¬Όμ˜ 닀양성에 λ°˜ν•΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 35λ…„ μ „
00:23
ever since I stumbled across a fairly obscure academic article
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μš°μ—°νžˆ, 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 논문을 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것이 κ³„κΈ°μ˜€μ£ .
00:28
by a guy named Jack Harlan.
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Jack Harlanμ΄λΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ“΄ κ±°μ˜€λŠ”λ°μš”.
00:30
And he described the diversity within crops --
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κ·ΈλŠ” μž‘λ¬Όμ˜ 닀양성에 λŒ€ν•΄ κΈ°μˆ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. --
00:33
all the different kinds of wheat and rice and such --
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λͺ¨λ“  μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°€κ³Ό μŒ€, 그리고 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ --
00:36
as a genetic resource.
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μœ μ „μžμ›μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
00:38
And he said, "This genetic resource," --
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κ·Έκ°€ λ§ν•œ κ±Έ μ €λŠ” μžŠμ„ μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
and I'll never forget the words --
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"이 μœ μ „μžμ›λ“€μ€,
00:43
"stands between us and catastrophic starvation
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"μš°λ¦¬λ“€κ³Ό μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ΄ 상상할 수 μ—†λŠ” 비극적인 규λͺ¨μ˜
00:46
on a scale we cannot imagine."
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κΈ°μ•„μ™€μ˜ κΈ°λ‘œμ— μ„œ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
00:49
I figured he was either really on to something,
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μ €λŠ” μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ κ±Έ μ•Œκ³  μžˆκ±°λ‚˜,
00:52
or he was one of these academic nutcases.
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ν•™κ³„μ˜ 괴짜 μ€‘μ˜ ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμΌ κ±°λΌκ³ μš”.
00:54
So, I looked a little further,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ–Όλ§ˆ μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„
00:56
and what I figured out was that he wasn't a nutcase.
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κ·Έκ°€ κ΄΄μ§œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
He was the most respected scientist in the field.
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κ·ΈλŠ” κ·Έ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ‘΄κ²½λ°›λŠ” κ³Όν•™μžμ˜€λ˜ κ±°μ£ .
01:03
What he understood was that biological diversity -- crop diversity --
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κ·Έκ°€ μ΄ν•΄ν•œ 생물학적 λ‹€μ–‘μ„±μ΄λž€, μž‘λ¬Ό λ‹€μ–‘μ„±μ΄λž€
01:09
is the biological foundation of agriculture.
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λ†μ—…μ˜ 생물학적 ν† λŒ€κ°€ λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
It's the raw material, the stuff, of evolution in our agricultural crops.
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그것은 우리의 λ†μž‘λ¬Όλ“€μ΄ 진화할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μ›λ£Œμ΄μž 성뢄을 λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
01:17
Not a trivial matter.
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μ‚¬μ†Œν•œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
And he also understood that that foundation was crumbling,
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λ˜ν•œ κ·ΈλŠ” 이 ν† λŒ€κ°€ λ¬΄λ„ˆμ§€κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
literally crumbling.
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문자 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ¬΄λ„ˆμ§€κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:26
That indeed, a mass extinction was underway
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집단 멸쒅은 μ •λ§λ‘œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
in our fields, in our agricultural system.
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우리의 학계, 우리의 농업 μ²΄κ³„μ—μ„œμš”.
01:34
And that this mass extinction was taking place
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그리고 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 집단 멸쒅은
01:37
with very few people noticing
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그것을 μ•Œμ•„μ±ˆ μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œλ§Œ
01:39
and even fewer caring.
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λ―Έλ―Έν•œ 관심 속에 회자되고 μžˆμ„ λΏμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:42
Now, I know that many of you don't stop
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자, 이제 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ λ†μ—…κ³„μ˜ 닀양성에 λŒ€ν•΄
01:44
to think about diversity in agricultural systems
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μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 수 μ—†κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
and, let's face it, that's logical.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, 그것을 직접 λ‹€λ€„λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€, 그게 이해가 λΉ λ₯΄μ£ .
01:49
You don't see it in the newspaper every day.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 맀일 μ½λŠ” 신문에선 그런 λ‚΄μš©μ„ λ³Ό 수 없을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
And when you go into the supermarket, you certainly don't see a lot of choices there.
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μŠˆνΌμ— 가도 κ±°κΈ°μ—λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ„ νƒκΆŒμ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
You see apples that are red, yellow, and green and that's about it.
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λΉ¨κ°•κ³Ό λ…Έλž‘, 초둝의 사과λ₯Ό λ³Ό 뿐이죠.
02:00
So, let me show you a picture of one form of diversity.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, λ‹€μ–‘μ„±μ˜ ν•œ 보기λ₯Ό μ‚¬μ§„μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
Here's some beans,
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여기에 콩이 μ’€ μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
02:06
and there are about 35 or 40 different
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μ•½ 35μ—μ„œ 40κ°œμ— 이λ₯΄λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ ν’ˆμ’…λ“€μ΄μ£ .
02:10
varieties of beans on this picture.
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이 κ·Έλ¦Όμ—μ„œ λ§Œμš”.
02:14
Now, imagine each one of these varieties as being distinct from another
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이제, λ‹€λ₯Έ 것과 뚜렷이 λŒ€λΉ„λ˜λŠ” 각각의 닀양성에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒμƒν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
02:18
about the same way as a poodle from a Great Dane.
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ν‘Έλ“€κ³Ό 그레이트 데인을 κ΅¬λ³„ν•˜λŠ” 것과 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œμš”.
02:20
If I wanted to show you a picture of all the dog breeds in the world,
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만일 μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  견쒅을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬λ € ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄,
02:25
and I put 30 or 40 of them on a slide, it would take about 10 slides
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ— 개λ₯Ό 30 ~ 40마리 넣은 μŠ¬λΌμ΄λ“œκ°€ 10κ°œλŠ” μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
because there about 400 breeds of dogs in the world.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이 μ„Έμƒμ—λŠ” μ•½ 400μ—¬μ’…μ˜ κ°œκ°€ μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
02:33
But there are 35 to 40,000 different varieties of beans.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 콩은 3만 5μ²œμ—μ„œ 4만 μ—¬μ’…μ˜ ν’ˆμ’…μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
So if I were to going to show you all the beans in the world,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 만일 μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  콩을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬λ € ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄,
02:40
and I had a slide like this, and I switched it every second,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μŠ¬λΌμ΄λ“œλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ λ§€μ΄ˆλ§ˆλ‹€ λ„˜κΈ΄λ‹€κ³  해도
02:44
it would take up my entire TED talk,
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 제 TED talkμ‹œκ°„μ„ μ „λΆ€ μž‘μ•„λ¨Ήκ² μ£ .
02:46
and I wouldn't have to say anything.
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 말도 ν•  수 없을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
But the interesting thing is that this diversity -- and the tragic thing is --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν₯미둜운 것은, 이것은 λ˜ν•œ 비극적인 일이기도 ν•œλ°μš”.
02:55
that this diversity is being lost.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 닀양성이 사라져가고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
We have about 200,000 different varieties of wheat,
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ•½ 20만 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°€κ³Ό,
03:02
and we have about 2 to 400,000 different varieties of rice,
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μ•½ 20만 ~ 40만 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μŒ€μ΄ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:07
but it's being lost.
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사라져가고 있죠.
03:09
And I want to give you an example of that.
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그러면 그것에 λŒ€ν•œ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
03:11
It's a bit of a personal example, in fact.
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사싀, 이것은 쑰금 개인적인 μ§ˆλ¬ΈμΈλ°μš”.
03:13
In the United States, in the 1800s -- that's where we have the best data --
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1800λ…„λŒ€μ˜ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” -- κ·Έ μ‹œκΈ°κ°€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 가진 졜적의 μžλ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. --
03:18
farmers and gardeners were growing 7,100
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농뢀듀과 μ›μ˜ˆμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μž¬λ°°ν•˜λŠ” 7100개의
03:23
named varieties of apples.
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이름을 가진 사과가 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
Imagine that. 7,100 apples with names.
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μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. 7100개의 이름을 가진 사과λ₯Όμš”.
03:30
Today, 6,800 of those are extinct,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , κ·Έ μ€‘μ˜ 6800κ°œλŠ” 멸쒅됐고,
03:35
no longer to be seen again.
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그리고 더 이상 λ‹€μ‹œ λ³Ό 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
I used to have a list of these extinct apples,
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μ €λŠ” 이 λ©Έμ’…λœ 사과 λͺ©λ‘μ„ κ°–κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
and when I would go out and give a presentation,
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μ œκ°€ 강연을 ν•˜λŸ¬ 갈 λ•Œ,
03:42
I would pass the list out in the audience.
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μ²­μ€‘λ“€μ—κ²Œ κ·Έ 리슀트λ₯Ό 돌렸죠.
03:44
I wouldn't tell them what it was, but it was in alphabetical order,
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그것이 무엇인지 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μ§„ μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 그것은 μ•ŒνŒŒλ²³μˆœμœΌλ‘œ λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
03:47
and I would tell them to look for their names, their family names,
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ΄λ¦„μ΄λ‚˜, μ„±,
03:50
their mother's maiden name.
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κ·Έλ“€ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ˜ 결혼 μ „ 성을 찾아보라고 λ§ν•΄λ’€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
And at the end of the speech, I would ask, "How many people have found a name?"
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그리고 연섀이 λλ‚œ λ’€ λ¬Όμ—ˆμ£ , "μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이 이름을 μ°Ύμ•˜λ‚˜μš”?"
03:56
And I never had fewer than two-thirds of an audience hold up their hand.
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그러자 2/3κ°€ μ•½κ°„ λ„˜λŠ” μˆ˜κ°€ 손을 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
And I said, "You know what? These apples come from your ancestors,
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μ €λŠ” λ§ν–ˆμ£ , "κ·Έκ±° μ•„μ„Έμš”? 이 사과듀은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ˜ μ‘°μƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 온 것일지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
and your ancestors gave them the greatest honor they could give them.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ˜ μ‘°μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ€ 그듀이 쀄 수 μžˆλŠ” 졜고의 μ˜κ΄‘μ„ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ£Όμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:12
They gave them their name.
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사과에 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 이름을 λΆ™μ—¬ μ€€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
The bad news is they're extinct.
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μ•ˆ 쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ€ 그듀이 λ©Έμ’…ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±°κ³ μš”.
04:17
The good news is a third of you didn't hold up your hand. Your apple's still out there.
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쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ€ 손을 듀지 μ•Šμ€ 1/3의 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€, λ‹Ήμ‹ λ“€μ˜ μ‚¬κ³ΌλŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
Find it. Make sure it doesn't join the list."
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κ·Έκ±Έ μ°ΎμœΌμ„Έμš”. 이름이 λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ λ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈμ— μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ 말이죠.
04:27
So, I want to tell you that the piece of the good news is
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” ν•œ 가지 쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ„ μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
that the Fowler apple is still out there.
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그것은 파울러 ν’ˆμ’…μ€ 아직 거기에 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
04:35
And there's an old book back here,
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여기에 였래된 책이 ν•œ ꢌ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
and I want to read a piece from it.
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이걸 μ œκ°€ 쑰금 μ½μ–΄λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
04:44
This book was published in 1904.
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이 책은 1904년에 μΆœνŒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
It's called "The Apples of New York" and this is the second volume.
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"λ‰΄μš•μ˜ 사과듀"μ΄λž€ μ±…μ΄κ³ μš”, 두 번째 μΆœνŒλ³Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
See, we used to have a lot of apples.
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λ³΄μ„Έμš”, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 사과λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:53
And the Fowler apple is described in here --
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파울러 ν’ˆμ’…μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ κΈ°μˆ λ˜μ–΄ μžˆκ΅°μš”.
04:57
I hope this doesn't surprise you --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ λ†€λΌμ‹œμ§€ μ•ŠκΈΈ λ°”λΌλŠ”λ°μš”.
05:01
as, "a beautiful fruit."
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"μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 과일."
05:03
(Laughter)
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(청쀑 μ›ƒμŒ)
05:09
I don't know if we named the apple or if the apple named us, but ...
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μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬κ³Όμ˜ 이름을 가진 건지, 사과가 우리의 이름을 가진 건지 μ•Œ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ,
05:13
but, to be honest, the description goes on
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μ†”μ§νžˆ 이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ 따라가 보면
05:17
and it says that it "doesn't rank high in quality, however."
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”, "κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ ν’ˆμ§ˆμ΄ λ†’μ§€λŠ” μ•Šλ‹€."
05:21
And then he has to go even further.
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κ·Έ 뒀에도 계속 λ‚΄μš©μ΄ μ΄μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
It sounds like it was written by an old school teacher of mine.
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마치 제 λͺ¨κ΅μ˜ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ μ“΄ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
"As grown in New York, the fruit usually fails to develop properly in size and quality
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"λ‰΄μš•μ—μ„œ κΈ°λ₯΄λ©΄ 일반적으둜 μ μ ˆν•œ 크기와 ν’ˆμ§ˆμ„ λ‚΄κΈ°κ°€ μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€.
05:32
and is, on the whole, unsatisfactory."
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그리고 μ „λ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œμ‘±μŠ€λŸ½μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ‹€."
05:34
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:42
And I guess there's a lesson to be learned here,
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ κ΅ν›ˆμ„ μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:44
and the lesson is: so why save it?
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κ·Έ κ΅ν›ˆμ΄λž€ : "μ–΄μ§Έμ„œ 닀양성을 지킀야 ν•˜λŠ”κ°€?"μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
I get this question all the time. Why don't we just save the best one?
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ 생각해 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλƒ₯ μ΅œμƒμ˜ κ²ƒλ§Œ λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜λ©΄ λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
05:51
And there are a couple of answers to that question.
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ—λŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 닡이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:53
One thing is that there is no such thing as a best one.
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ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ” μ΅œμƒμ˜ κ²ƒμ΄λž€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
Today's best variety is tomorrow's lunch for insects or pests or disease.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ 졜고 ν’ˆμ’…μ€ λ‚΄μΌμ˜ λ²Œλ ˆλ‚˜ 병좩해, μ§ˆλ³‘μ΄ λ¨ΉλŠ” μ μ‹¬κ±°λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:02
The other thing is that maybe that Fowler apple
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 점은, μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 파울러 ν’ˆμ’… μ‚¬κ³Όλ‚˜
06:05
or maybe a variety of wheat that's not economical right now
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μ–΄λ–€ ν’ˆμ’…μ˜ 밀이 μ§€κΈˆμœΌλ‘œμ„  κ²½μ œμ μ΄μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ‚˜
06:10
has disease or pest resistance
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν’ˆμ’…μ—λŠ” μ—†λŠ” 병좩해 λ‚΄μ„±μ΄λ‚˜
06:12
or some quality that we're going to need for climate change that the others don't.
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κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”μ‹œμ— ν•„μš”ν•œ νŠΉμ„±μ„ κ°–κ³  μžˆμ„μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
06:16
So it's not necessary, thank God,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν•˜λŠλ‹˜κ»˜ κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œλ„ 그럴 ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:20
that the Fowler apple is the best apple in the world.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 파울러 ν’ˆμ’…μ€ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 μ‚¬κ³Όκ±°λ“ μš”.
06:23
It's just necessary or interesting that it might have one good, unique trait.
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κ·Έμ € ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ’‹κ³  λ…νŠΉν•œ νŠΉμ„±μ„ 가지고 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄κΈ°μ— ν•„μš”ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ ν₯미둜운 것이 λ˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
And for that reason, we ought to be saving it.
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그리고 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 이유둜, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 λ³΄μ‘΄ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•˜μ£ .
06:32
Why? As a raw material, as a trait we can use in the future.
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μ™œλƒκ³ μš”? 그것은 μ›λ£Œλ‘œμ¨, κ·Έ νŠΉμ„±μ„ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ―Έλž˜μ— μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
06:38
Think of diversity as giving us options.
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생물학적 닀양성을 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 주어진 μ„ νƒκΆŒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
06:46
And options, of course, are exactly what we need in an era of climate change.
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λ¬Όλ‘  μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ„ νƒκΆŒλ“€μ€ μ •ν™•νžˆ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ‹œλŒ€μ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
I want to show you two slides,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 두 μž₯의 μŠ¬λΌμ΄λ“œλ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
06:55
but first, I want to tell you that we've been working at the Global Crop Diversity Trust
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°μ„  λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„Έκ³„μž‘λ¬Όλ‹€μ–‘μ„±μž¬λ‹¨μ—μ„œ
06:59
with a number of scientists -- particularly at Stanford and University of Washington --
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λ§Žμ€ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ—°κ΅¬ν–ˆμ£ . 특히 μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄ μ†Œμž¬μ˜ μŠ€νƒ νΌλ“œ λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œμš”.
07:03
to ask the question: What's going to happen to agriculture in an era of climate change
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œ 이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ˜μ Έλ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. : ν•œ μ§€μ—­μ˜ κΈ°ν›„κ°€ λ³€ν•˜λ©΄ λ†μ—…μ—λŠ” 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”κ°€,
07:07
and what kind of traits and characteristics do we need in our agricultural crops
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그리고 μ–΄λ–€ νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό νŠΉμ§•λ“€μ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό 우리의 λ†μž‘λ¬Όλ“€μ΄
07:11
to be able to adapt to this?
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 변화에 적응할 수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€?
07:14
In short, the answer is that in the future, in many countries,
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짧게 λ‹΅ν•˜μžλ©΄, 미래의 λ§Žμ€ κ΅­κ°€λ“€μ—μ„œ
07:18
the coldest growing seasons are going to be hotter
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κ°€μž₯ μΆ”μš΄ 생μž₯κΈ°κ°€ λ”°λœ»ν•΄μ§ˆ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
07:22
than anything those crops have seen in the past.
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μž‘λ¬Όλ“€μ΄ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ κ²ͺμ–΄ 온 과거의 μ–΄λ–€ μ‹œκΈ°λ³΄λ‹€ λ”°λœ»ν•΄μ Έμš”.
07:25
The coldest growing seasons of the future,
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미래의 κ°€μž₯ μΆ”μš΄ 생μž₯κΈ°λŠ”
07:28
hotter than the hottest of the past.
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과거의 κ°€μž₯ λ”μš΄ 생μž₯기보닀도 더 λ₯μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:31
Is agriculture adapted to that?
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농업이 그것에 적응할 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
07:33
I don't know. Can fish play the piano?
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μ €λŠ” λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² λ„€μš”. λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ ν”Όμ•„λ…Έλ₯Ό μΉ˜λŠ” 게 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:36
If agriculture hasn't experienced that, how could it be adapted?
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λ§Œμ•½ 농업이 그것을 κ²½ν—˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ ν•˜λ €λ©΄, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ·Έκ±Έ μ μ‘μ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
07:41
Now, the highest concentration of poor and hungry people in the world,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , μ„Έκ³„μ˜ κ°€λ‚œν•˜κ³  κ΅Άμ£Όλ¦° μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ³ λ„λ‘œ μ§‘μ•½λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 지역은
07:45
and the place where climate change, ironically, is going to be the worst
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κ³΅κ΅λ‘­κ²Œλ„, κΈ°ν›„κ°€ λ³€ν•¨μœΌλ‘œ 인해 μ΅œμ•…μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜λ‹«κ³  μžˆλŠ”
07:48
is in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
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λ‚¨μ•„μ‹œμ•„ 및 μ‚¬ν•˜λΌ 이남 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
So I've picked two examples here, and I want to show you.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄ 두 가지 예λ₯Ό κ³¨λΌλ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
In the histogram before you now,
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λ§‰λŒ€ κ·Έλž˜ν”„μ—μ„œ 미리 μ•Œμ•„λ‘μ‹€ 것은,
07:56
the blue bars represent the historical range of temperatures,
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νŒŒλž€μƒ‰ λ§‰λŒ€κ°€ 과거의 역사적인 μ˜¨λ„ λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
going back about far as we have temperature data.
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λ‹€μ‹œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 가진 μ˜¨λ„ 자료둜 λŒμ•„κ°€μ£ .
08:02
And you can see that there's some difference
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그러면 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 생μž₯기와 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 생μž₯기의 사이에
08:05
between one growing season and another.
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λͺ‡ 가지 차이점을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
Some are colder, some are hotter and it's a bell shaped curve.
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μ–΄λ–€ λ•ŒλŠ” μΆ”μ›Œμ§€κ³  μ–΄λ–€ λ•ŒλŠ” λ”°λœ»ν•΄μ Έμ„œ μ’… λͺ¨μ–‘μ˜ 곑선을 그리고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:10
The tallest bar is the average temperature for the most number of growing seasons.
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κ°€μž₯ κΈ΄ λ§‰λŒ€λŠ” 생μž₯κΈ°λ“€μ˜ 평균 μ˜¨λ„μ£ .
08:16
In the future, later this century, it's going to look like the red,
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λ―Έλž˜μ—, 이 μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ λ‹€μŒμ—λŠ” 뢉은색 λ§‰λŒ€μ²˜λŸΌ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
totally out of bounds.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ 경계λ₯Ό λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜μ£ .
08:22
The agricultural system and, more importantly, the crops in the field in India
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λ†μ—…κ³„μ—μ„œ 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은 μΈλ„μ˜ μž‘λ¬Όλ“€μ΄
08:26
have never experienced this before.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것을 κ²½ν—˜ν•΄λ³Έ 적이 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
Here's South Africa. The same story.
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이것은 λ‚¨μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ΄κ³ μš”. 같은 λ§₯락이죠.
08:33
But the most interesting thing about South Africa is
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‚¨μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ κ°€μž₯ ν₯미둜운 점은
08:35
we don't have to wait for 2070 for there to be trouble.
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그런 문제점이 2070λ…„ 전에 λ°œμƒν• κ±°λž€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
By 2030, if the maize, or corn, varieties, which is the dominant crop --
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2030년이 되면 ν˜„μž¬ 남아프리카 κ²½μž‘λ¬Όμ˜ 50νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ”
08:43
50 percent of the nutrition in Southern Africa are still in the field --
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μ£Όλ ₯ μž‘λ¬ΌμΈ μ˜₯수수(maize, corn λ‘˜ λ‹€ μ˜₯수수λ₯Ό λœ»ν•¨)κ°€,
08:47
in 2030, we'll have a 30 percent decrease in production of maize
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2030λ…„μ—λŠ” μ‚°μΆœμ΄ 30% κ°μ†Œν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:52
because of the climate change already in 2030.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 2030λ…„μ—λŠ” 이미 κΈ°ν›„κ°€ λ³€ν™”ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
08:56
30 percent decrease of production in the context of increasing population,
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μ‚°μΆœμ˜ 30%κ°μ†ŒλŠ” μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 인ꡬ와도 κ΄€λ ¨λ˜λŠ”λ°μš”,
09:00
that's a food crisis. It's global in nature.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ‹λŸ‰ μœ„κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계적인 μœ„κΈ°κ°€ λ‹₯μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:03
We will watch children starve to death on TV.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” TVλ₯Ό 톡해 ꡢ주림으둜 μ£½μ–΄κ°€λŠ” 아이듀을 보게 λ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
Now, you may say that 20 years is a long way off.
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ 20년이 λ©€λ‹€κ³  말할지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ
09:09
It's two breeding cycles for maize.
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μ˜₯수수 생μž₯μ£ΌκΈ°κ°€ 두 번 μ§€λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” 기간일 뿐 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:11
We have two rolls of the dice to get this right.
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즉, 두 번 μ£Όμ‚¬μœ„λ₯Ό κ΅΄λ €μ„œ 해닡을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
We have to get climate-ready crops in the field,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•žμœΌλ‘œμ˜ 기후에 적응할 수 μžˆλŠ” μž‘λ¬Όλ“€μ„
09:17
and we have to do that rather quickly.
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μ œλ²• λΉ λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°„μ•ˆμ— ꡬ해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:21
Now, the good news is that we have conserved.
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ν˜„μž¬, 쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έκ±Έ λ³΄μ‘΄ν•΄μ™”λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
We have collected and conserved a great deal of biological diversity,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 생물학적 닀양성을 μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜κ³  λ³΄μ‘΄ν•΄μ™”μ–΄μš”.
09:26
agricultural diversity, mostly in the form of seed,
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농학적 닀양성은 λŒ€κ²Œ μ”¨μ•—μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ
09:30
and we put it in seed banks, which is a fancy way of saying a freezer.
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μ’…μžμ€ν–‰μ΄λΌλŠ”, 냉각μž₯μΉ˜λΌλŠ” λ©‹μ§€κ²Œ λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 곳에 μ €μž₯λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:35
If you want to conserve seed for a long term
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μ’…μžλ₯Ό μž₯κΈ° λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄
09:38
and you want to make it available to plant breeders and researchers,
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그것을 식물 μž¬λ°°μžλ‚˜ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ΄ μ‚¬μš©κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:41
you dry it and then you freeze it.
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씨앗을 κ±΄μ‘°μ‹œν‚¨ λ‹€μŒ λƒ‰κ°μ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
09:44
Unfortunately, these seed banks are located around the world in buildings
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λΆˆν–‰νžˆλ„, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ’…μž 은행 건물듀은 μ „ 세계에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•˜κ³ 
09:47
and they're vulnerable.
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μ™ΈλΆ€μœ„ν˜‘μ— μ·¨μ•½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:49
Disasters have happened. In recent years we lost the gene bank,
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μž¬μ•™μ€ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 졜근 λͺ‡ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이라크와 μ•„ν”„κ°€λ‹ˆμŠ€νƒ„μ˜
09:52
the seed bank in Iraq and Afghanistan. You can guess why.
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μœ μ „μž 은행(μ’…μžμ€ν–‰)을 μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄μœ λŠ” μ•Œλ§Œν•˜μ‹œκ² μ£ .
09:56
In Rwanda, in the Solomon Islands.
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λ₯΄μ™„λ‹€λ‚˜ μ†”λ‘œλͺ¬ μ œλ„ λ“±μ—μ„œλŠ”
09:58
And then there are just daily disasters that take place in these buildings,
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이런 μ€ν–‰λ“€μ—μ„œ 맀일같이 μž¬μ•™μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ£ .
10:01
financial problems and mismanagement and equipment failures,
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μž¬μ •λ¬Έμ œλ‚˜ 잘λͺ»λœ 운영, μž₯λΉ„ κ³ μž₯κ³Ό 같은 λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μš”.
10:05
and all kinds of things, and every time something like this happens,
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그리고 이런 일듀이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§„λ‹€λŠ” 것은,
10:08
it means extinction. We lose diversity.
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그것은 λ‹¨μ ˆμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 닀양성을 μžƒκ²Œ 되죠.
10:11
And I'm not talking about losing diversity in the same way that you lose your car keys.
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μ €λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘μ„±μ˜ 손싀이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ μ°¨ μ—΄μ‡ λ₯Ό μžƒμ–΄λ²„λ¦° μ •λ„λ‘œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
I'm talking about losing it in the same way that we lost the dinosaurs:
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 곡룑을 μžƒμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œμ™€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λΌκ³  λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:20
actually losing it, never to be seen again.
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사싀상 μžƒμ–΄λ²„λ¦¬λ©΄, λ‹€μ‹œλŠ” λ³Ό 수 μ—†λŠ” κ±°μš”.
10:22
So, a number of us got together and decided that, you know, enough is enough
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆκ°„ λͺ¨μ—¬ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€λ„ μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, 이제 λ”λŠ” λͺ» μ°Έκ±°λ“ μš”.
10:26
and we need to do something about that and we need to have a facility
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ­”κ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹œμ„€μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
that can really offer protection for our biological diversity of --
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진정 우리의 생물학적 닀양성을 지킬 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‹œμ„€μ΄μš”. --
10:35
maybe not the most charismatic diversity.
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κ°€μž₯ 맀λ ₯적인 닀양성은 아닐지도 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€μš”
10:37
You don't look in the eyes of a carrot seed quite in the way you do a panda bear,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ‹Ήκ·Ό μ”¨μ•—λˆˆμ„ νŒλ‹€μ™€ 같이 λ³΄μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ,
10:43
but it's very important diversity.
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그것도 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘μ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
So we needed a really safe place, and we went quite far north to find it.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 정말 μ•ˆμ „ν•œ μž₯μ†Œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν–ˆκ³  그것을 찾으러 κ½€ λ¨Ό 뢁μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ κ°”μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
To Svalbard, in fact.
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μ •ν™•νžˆλŠ” μŠ€λ°œλ°”λ“œμ— κ°”μ—ˆμ£ .
10:57
This is above mainland Norway. You can see Greenland there.
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λ…Έλ₯΄μ›¨μ΄ λ³Έν†  μœ„μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ¦°λžœλ“œ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ£ .
11:00
That's at 78 degrees north.
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λΆμœ„ 78도 μœ„μΉ˜μ£ .
11:02
It's as far as you can fly on a regularly scheduled airplane.
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κ±°κΈ΄ μ •κΈ° λΉ„ν–‰νŽΈμœΌλ‘œ λ‚ μ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ²”μœ„μ˜ λ„νŠΈλ¨Έλ¦¬ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:07
It's a remarkably beautiful landscape. I can't even begin to describe it to you.
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κ·Έ κ³³ κ²½μΉ˜κ°€ 맀우 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μ›Œμš”. μ œκ°€ 말둜 ν‘œν˜„ν•  수 μ—†μ„λ§ŒνΌ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
It's otherworldly, beautiful.
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μ „ν˜€ λ”΄ μ„Έμƒμ²˜λŸΌ 아름닡죠.
11:13
We worked with the Norwegian government
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ…Έλ₯΄μ›¨μ΄ 정뢀와 NorGen사와 ν•¨κ»˜
11:16
and with the NorGen, the Norwegian Genetic Resources Program,
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λ…Έλ₯΄μ›¨μ΄ μœ μ „ μžμ› κ³„νšμ— μ°©μˆ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:20
to design this facility.
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이 μ‹œμ„€μ„ λ””μžμΈν•˜λ €κ΅¬μš”.
11:22
What you see is an artist's conception of this facility,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ λ³΄μ‹œκ³  계신 것은 섀계사가 κ·Έλ¦° μ‹œμ„€ κ΅¬μƒλ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:25
which is built in a mountain in Svalbard.
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μŠ€λ°œλ°”λ“œμ˜ μ‚° 내뢀에 λ“€μ–΄μžˆμ£ .
11:28
The idea of Svalbard was that it's cold,
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이 λ°œμƒμ€ μŠ€λ°œλ°”λ“œμ˜ κΈ°ν›„κ°€ μΆ₯λ‹€λŠ”λ° μ°©μ•ˆν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
11:31
so we get natural freezing temperatures.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μžμ—°μ μΈ μ˜ν•˜μ˜ μ˜¨λ„λ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:34
But it's remote. It's remote and accessible
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 외진 곳이죠. 외진 κ³³μ΄λ©΄μ„œλ„ μ°Ύμ•„κ°ˆ μˆ˜λŠ” 있고
11:38
so it's safe and we don't depend on mechanical refrigeration.
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μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³  κΈ°κ³„λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 냉동에 μ˜μ§€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ„ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
11:43
This is more than just an artist's dream, it's now a reality.
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이것은 더 이상 섀계사가 κ·Έλ¦° 꿈이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”, 이젠 ν˜„μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
And this next picture shows it in context, in Svalbard.
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λ‹€μŒ 사진은 같은 λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ μŠ€λ°œλ°”λ“œλ₯Ό 보여주고 μžˆκ³ μš”.
11:54
And here's the front door of this facility.
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ°κ°€ μ‹œμ„€μ˜ μ •λ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
When you open up the front door,
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정문을 μ—΄λ©΄
12:02
this is what you're looking at. It's pretty simple. It's a hole in the ground.
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이런 광경을 λ³΄κ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹¨μˆœν•˜μ£ . 땅에 뚫린 κ΅¬λ©μ΄μ—μš”.
12:05
It's a tunnel, and you go into the tunnel,
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터널이죠. 그리고 κ·Έ λ‹¨λ‹¨ν•œ μ•”λ°˜μ„ νŒŒλ“€μ–΄κ°„
12:08
chiseled in solid rock, about 130 meters.
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터널을 따라 ν•œ 130m 정도 λ“€μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
There are now a couple of security doors, so you won't see it quite like this.
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이게 λ³΄μ•ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€., κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이런 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ κ·Έκ±Έ λ³Ό 수 없을 κ±°μ—μš”.
12:15
Again, when you get to the back, you get into an area that's really my favorite place.
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자 λ’€λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ, μ œκ°€ μ •λ§λ‘œ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” μž₯μ†Œλ‘œ μ΄λ™ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
12:20
I think of it as sort of a cathedral.
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μ™œ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λƒκ³ μš”? μ €λŠ” κ±°κΈ°λ₯Ό κ΅νšŒλ‹Ήμ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
12:22
And I know that this tags me as a bit of a nerd, but ...
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뭐, μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆ λ°œμ–ΈμœΌλ‘œ 제게 학문밖에 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌλŠ” κΌ¬λ¦¬ν‘œκ°€ λΆ™μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έμš”, ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
12:26
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
12:29
Some of the happiest days of my life have been spent ...
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제 μΈμƒμ˜ κ°€μž₯ ν–‰λ³΅ν–ˆλ˜ λ‚ λ“€μ˜ μΌλΆ€λŠ”
12:32
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
12:34
in this place there.
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κ·Έ μž₯μ†Œμ—μ„œ 보낸 μ‹œκ°„μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
12:36
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:42
If you were to walk into one of these rooms, you would see this.
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λ§Œμ•½ 이 λ°©λ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°„λ‹€λ©΄, 이런 κ±Έ 보게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:50
It's not very exciting, but if you know what's there, it's pretty emotional.
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λ³„λ‘œ ν₯미둜운 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 거기에 μžˆλŠ” 게 무엇인지 μ•Œκ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄, μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ 감상적이 될 κ±°μ—μš”.
12:55
We have now about 425,000
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•½ 425,500μ—¬κ°œμ˜
12:59
samples of unique crop varieties.
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고유 μž‘λ¬Ό ν‘œλ³Έλ“€μ„ λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:03
There's 70,000 samples of different varieties of rice
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이 μ‹œμ„€μ—μ„œλ§Œ λ‹Ήμž₯ 70,000μ—¬κ°œμ˜
13:07
in this facility right now.
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μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μŒ€ ν‘œλ³Έμ„ κ°–κ³  있죠.
13:10
About a year from now, we'll have over half a million samples.
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μ§€κΈˆμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ•½ 1년이 μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄ 우리의 ν‘œλ³Έμ€ 50만개λ₯Ό λ„˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
We're going up to over a million, and someday we'll basically have samples --
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μ–Έμ  κ°€ ν‘œλ³Έμ΄ 100만개λ₯Ό λ„˜κ²Œ 되면, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 기본적으둜
13:17
about 500 seeds --
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λͺ¨λ“  각쒅 λ†μž‘λ¬Όμ˜ μ’…μž ν‘œλ³Έμ„
13:19
of every variety of agricultural crop that can be stored in a frozen state
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μ•½ 500κ°œμ”© κ°€μ§€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것듀은 λ™κ²°μƒνƒœλ‘œ
13:24
in this facility.
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이 μ‹œμ„€μ— μ €μž₯되겠죠.
13:26
This is a backup system for world agriculture.
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이것은 μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 농업을 μœ„ν•œ λ°±μ—… μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:29
It's a backup system for all the seed banks. Storage is free.
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이 λ°±μ—… μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ λͺ¨λ“  μ’…μž 은행듀을 λ’·λ°›μΉ¨ ν•˜μ£ . μ €μž₯λΉ„μš©μ€ λ¬΄λ£Œκ³ μš”.
13:33
It operates like a safety deposit box.
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마치 μ•ˆμ „ λ³΄κ΄€ν•¨μ²˜λŸΌ μš΄μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:36
Norway owns the mountain and the facility, but the depositors own the seed.
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μ‚°κ³Ό μ‹œμ„€μ€ λ…Έλ₯΄μ›¨μ΄κ°€ μ†Œμœ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 씨앗은 μ˜ˆμΉ˜ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 것이죠.
13:42
And if anything happens, then they can come back and get it.
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만일 μ–΄λ–€ 일이 λ°œμƒν•œλ‹€λ©΄, λŒμ•„μ™€μ„œ μ’…μžλ₯Ό κ°€μ Έκ°ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:46
This particular picture that you see shows the national collection of the United States,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 보고 μžˆλŠ” 이 그림은 μ „ ꡭ가적인 기증 ν˜„ν™©μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:50
of Canada, and an international institution from Syria.
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λ―Έκ΅­, μΊλ‚˜λ‹€, 그리고 μ‹œλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ κ΅­μ œν•™νšŒμ—μ„œ 보내 온 것이죠.
13:54
I think it's interesting in that this facility, I think,
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μ €λŠ” 이 μ‹œμ„€μ΄ ν₯λ―Έλ‘­λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ—
13:58
is almost the only thing I can think of these days where countries,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ—¬λŸ¬ λ‚˜λΌλ“€, 문자 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 세계 λͺ¨λ“  λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό
14:02
literally, every country in the world --
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λ– μ˜¬λ¦΄ 수 μžˆλŠ” κ³³μ΄κ±°λ“ μš”.
14:05
because we have seeds from every country in the world --
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΄μœ ν•œ μ’…μžλ“€μ€ μ „ μ„Έκ³„λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 온 κ²ƒμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
14:07
all the countries of the world have gotten together
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μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  ꡭ가듀이 ν•¨κ»˜ λͺ¨μ—¬
14:10
to do something that's both long term, sustainable and positive.
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μœ μ΅ν•˜κ³  였래 μ§€μ†λ˜κ³  μž₯기에 걸친 일을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:16
I can't think of anything else that's happened in my lifetime that way.
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μ €λŠ” 제 평생에 이것외에 그런 일은 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ 걸둜 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:19
I can't look you in the eyes and tell you that I have a solution
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μ €λŠ” μ œκ°€ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”λ‚˜ λ¬Ό 뢀쑱에 λŒ€ν•œ 해닡을 κ°–κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³ 
14:24
for climate change, for the water crisis.
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λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 말할 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:29
Agriculture takes 70 percent of fresh water supplies on earth.
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λ†μ—…μ—λŠ” 지ꡬ상 λ‹΄μˆ˜μ˜ 70%κ°€ μ†Œμš”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:33
I can't look you in the eyes and tell you that there is such a solution
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μ €λŠ” μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μœ„κΈ°λ‚˜ ꡭ제 κΈ°μ•„λ¬Έμ œλ‚˜ λΆ„μŸμ„ λλ‚΄λŠ” 방법이
14:36
for those things, or the energy crisis, or world hunger, or peace in conflict.
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λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦΄ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:41
I can't look you in the eyes and tell you that I have a simple solution for that,
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μ €λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 해결방법이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μž₯λ‹΄ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:44
but I can look you in the eyes and tell you that we can't solve any of those problems
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ €λŠ” λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦΄ 수 있죠. 만일 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μž‘λ¬Ό 닀양성을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄,
14:50
if we don't have crop diversity.
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κ·Έ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ μ ˆλŒ€λ‘œ ν’€ 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:52
Because I challenge you to think of an effective, efficient, sustainable
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ ν•œ 번 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”. λ†μž‘λ¬Ό λ‹€μ–‘μ„± 없이 기후변화에
15:00
solution to climate change if we don't have crop diversity.
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효과적이고, λŠ₯λ₯ μ μ΄κ³ , 지속가λŠ₯ν•œ λ¬˜μ•ˆμ„ μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
15:04
Because, quite literally, if agriculture doesn't adapt to climate change,
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λ§Œμ•½ 농업이 기후변화에 μ μ‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
15:10
neither will we.
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ 거의 ν™•μ‹€νžˆ μ μ‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν• κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:12
And if crops don't adapt to climate change, neither will agriculture,
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그리고 λ§Œμ•½ μž‘λ¬Όμ΄ 기후변화에 μ μ‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, 농업도 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  것이고
15:17
neither will we.
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:19
So, this is not something pretty and nice to do.
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κ·Έλž˜λ‹ˆκΉŒ λ­”κ°€ 속 μ‹œμ›ν•˜κ²Œ ν’€λ¦¬λŠ” 일이 아닙닏.
15:22
There are a lot of people who would love to have this diversity exist
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λ‹€μ–‘μ„± 보쑴에 μ°¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
15:25
just for the existence value of it.
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단지 κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ 쑴재 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬λž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:27
It is, I agree, a nice thing to do.
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저도 λ™μ˜ν•΄μš”. 그것도 멋진 일이죠.
15:30
But it's a necessary thing to do.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그것 λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” λΆ€μ‘±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:32
So, in a very real sense, I believe that we, as an international community,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 정말 μ‹€μ œμ μΈ μ˜λ―Έμ—μ„œ, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ΅­μ œμ‚¬νšŒλ‘œμ¨
15:38
should get organized to complete the task.
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κ·Έ 일을 μ™„μˆ˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 뭉쳐야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:41
The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is a wonderful gift
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μŠ€λ°œλ°”λ“œ κ΅­μ œμ’…μžμ €μž₯κ³ λŠ” λ…Έλ₯΄μ›¨μ΄μ™€ 기타 ꡭ가듀이
15:44
that Norway and others have given us,
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ€€ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μ„ λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:46
but it's not the complete answer.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이것도 μ™„μ „ν•œ 닡은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:48
We need to collect the remaining diversity that's out there.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 밖에 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆλŠ” 닀양성을 μˆ˜μ§‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:51
We need to put it into good seed banks
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 μ•ˆμ „ν•œ μ’…μž 은행에 λ„£μ–΄
15:54
that can offer those seeds to researchers in the future.
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미래의 μ—°κ΅¬μ§„λ“€μ—κ²Œ κ·Έ 씨앗듀을 μ œκ³΅ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:58
We need to catalog it. It's a library of life,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 씨앗을 λͺ©λ‘μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 생λͺ…μ˜ λ„μ„œκ΄€μΈ κ±°μ£ .
16:00
but right now I would say we don't have a card catalog for it.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ§€κΈˆ λ‹Ήμž₯은 κ·Έ λͺ©λ‘μ΄ μ—†λ‹€κ³  밖에 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦΄ μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†κ΅°μš”.
16:04
And we need to support it financially.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ©λ‘μ„ λ§Œλ“œλ €λ©΄ μž¬μ •μ μΈ 지원이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:07
My big idea would be that while we think of it as commonplace
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제 생각엔 λ―Έμˆ κ΄€μ—μ˜ κΈ°λΆ€ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λŒ€ν•™μ—
16:12
to endow an art museum or endow a chair at a university,
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의자λ₯Ό κΈ°μ¦ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μžμ—°μŠ€λ ˆ μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
16:17
we really ought to be thinking about endowing wheat.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 밀을 κΈ°λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ§„μ§€ν•˜κ²Œ 생각해봐야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:21
30 million dollars in an endowment would take care
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κΈ°λΆ€κΈˆ 300천만 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ©΄
16:25
of preserving all the diversity in wheat forever.
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λ°€μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  닀양성을 μ˜μ›νžˆ λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 게 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
16:29
So we need to be thinking a little bit in those terms.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΈ°μ¦μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어에 λŒ€ν•΄ 쑰금 더 생각해 λ³Ό ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:32
And my final thought is that we, of course, by conserving wheat,
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그리고 μ €μ˜ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 생각은 λ°€μ΄λ‚˜ μŒ€, 감자,
16:40
rice, potatoes, and the other crops,
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그리고 λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μž‘λ¬Όλ“€μ„ λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜μ—¬
16:43
we may, quite simply, end up saving ourselves.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆ, 비ꡐ적 κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ, 우리 슀슀둜λ₯Ό ꡬ원할 수 μžˆμ„κ±°λž€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:47
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:49
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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