Michael Pollan: A plant's-eye view

216,513 views ใƒป 2008-02-07

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JS Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sunphil Ga
00:18
It's a simple idea about nature.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
I want to say a word for nature
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์ €๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ•œ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
because we haven't talked that much about it the last couple days.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:24
I want to say a word for the soil and the bees and the plants and the animals,
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์ €๋Š” ํ™, ๋ฒŒ, ์‹๋ฌผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ•œ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
and tell you about a tool, a very simple tool that I have found.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋„๊ตฌ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋„๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
Although it's really nothing more than a literary conceit; it's not a technology.
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๋น„๋ก ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ธ ๋น„์œ ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ -- ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š” --
00:39
It's very powerful for, I think, changing our relationship to the natural world
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด, ์ž์—ฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด
00:45
and to the other species on whom we depend.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
And that tool is very simply, as Chris suggested,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š”, ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด,
00:51
looking at us and the world from the plants' or the animals' point of view.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
It's not my idea, other people have hit on it,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ƒˆ์ง€์š”.
01:00
but I've tried to take it to some new places.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณณ์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
Let me tell you where I got it.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
01:06
Like a lot of my ideas, like a lot of the tools I use,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
01:09
I found it in the garden; I'm a very devoted gardener.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋Œ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
And there was a day about seven years ago: I was planting potatoes,
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์•ฝ 7๋…„ ์ „ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚ , ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
it was the first week of May --
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5์›”์˜ ์ฒซ์งธ ์ฃผ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
this is New England, when the apple trees are just vibrating with bloom;
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๋‰ด์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ๊ฝƒ์„ ํ”ผ์šด ์ฑ„ ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
they're just white clouds above.
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์—” ํฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„๋งŒ ๋– ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:26
I was here, planting my chunks,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
cutting up potatoes and planting it,
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๊ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ผ์„œ ์‹ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:31
and the bees were working on this tree;
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
bumblebees, just making this thing vibrate.
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ํ˜ธ๋ฐ•๋ฒŒ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ”๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
01:36
And one of the things I really like about gardening
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ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”,
01:39
is that it doesn't take all your concentration,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋นผ์•—์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
you really can't get hurt -- it's not like woodworking --
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ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ๊ณต์ผ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
01:44
and you have plenty of kind of mental space for speculation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์  ์—ฌ์œ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
And the question I asked myself that afternoon in the garden,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋‚  ์˜คํ›„ ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€,
01:52
working alongside that bumblebee,
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ํ˜ธ๋ฐ•๋ฒŒ ์˜†์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”,
01:55
was: what did I and that bumblebee have in common?
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โ€œ๋‚˜์™€ ์ € ํ˜ธ๋ฐ•๋ฒŒ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ?
01:59
How was our role in this garden similar and different?
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์ด ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ•  ์ค‘ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ?โ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
And I realized we actually had quite a bit in common:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
both of us were disseminating the genes of one species and not another,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•œ ์ข…์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
02:11
and both of us -- probably, if I can imagine the bee's point of view --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:16
thought we were calling the shots.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์žฅ ๋…ธ๋ฆ‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
I had decided what kind of potato I wanted to plant --
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๊ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์„์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
I had picked my Yukon Gold or Yellow Finn, or whatever it was --
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์ €๋Š” ์œ ์ฝ˜ ๊ณจ๋“œ๋‚˜ ์˜๋กœ์šฐ ํ•€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ’ˆ์ข…์„ ๊ณจ๋ž์ง€์š”.
02:26
and I had summoned those genes from a seed catalog across the country,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์”จ์•— ์นดํƒˆ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์—์„œ ์ด ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
brought it, and I was planting it.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์„œ ์‹ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:33
And that bee, no doubt, assumed that it had decided,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฒŒ๋„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•  ๋ฐ” ์—†์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
"I'm going for that apple tree, I'm going for that blossom,
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์ € ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๊ฑฐ์•ผ. ์ € ๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
02:40
I'm going to get the nectar and I'm going to leave."
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๊ฟ€์„ ๋”ฐ๊ณ ์„œ, ๋– ๋‚˜์•ผ์ง€.
02:43
We have a grammar that suggests that's who we are;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
that we are sovereign subjects in nature, the bee as well as me.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€์š”.
02:53
I plant the potatoes, I weed the garden, I domesticate the species.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ณ , ํ’€์„ ๋ฝ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ข…์„ ๊ธธ๋“ค์ด์ง€์š”.
02:59
But that day, it occurred to me:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋‚ , ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
what if that grammar is nothing more than a self-serving conceit?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋ฒ•์ด ์ž๋งŒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„๊นŒ?
03:04
Because, of course, the bee thinks he's in charge or she's in charge,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ๋ฒŒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€.
03:08
but we know better.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  -- ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
03:10
We know that what's going on between the bee and that flower
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ๊ฝƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
is that bee has been cleverly manipulated by that flower.
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๊ฝƒ์ด ๋ฒŒ์„ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
03:18
And when I say manipulated, I'm talking about in a Darwinian sense, right?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ €๋Š” โ€˜์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๋‹คโ€™๋ž€ ๋ง์„ ๋‹ค์œˆ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:21
I mean it has evolved a very specific set of traits --
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ๊ทธ ๊ฝƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ์ง„ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
03:24
color, scent, flavor, pattern -- that has lured that bee in.
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์ƒ‰๊น”, ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ, ๋ง›, ๋ฌด๋Šฌ -- ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฒŒ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:29
And the bee has been cleverly fooled into taking the nectar,
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๋ฒŒ์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ˜„ํ˜น๋˜์–ด ๊ฟ€์„ ๋”ฐ๊ณ ,
03:33
and also picking up some powder on its leg,
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌปํžŒ ํ›„,
03:36
and going off to the next blossom.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฝƒ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋– ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
The bee is not calling the shots.
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๋ฒŒ์ด ๋Œ€์žฅ ๋…ธ๋ฆ‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
And I realized then, I wasn't either.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ์ € ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
I had been seduced by that potato and not another
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ž์— ์œ ํ˜น๋˜์–ด
03:46
into planting its -- into spreading its genes, giving it a little bit more habitat.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:51
And that's when I got the idea, which was, "Well, what would happen
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
if we kind of looked at us from this point of view of these other species who are working on us?"
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ?
03:58
And agriculture suddenly appeared to me not as an invention, not as a human technology,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋†์—…์ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
04:03
but as a co-evolutionary development
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
in which a group of very clever species, mostly edible grasses, had exploited us,
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ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ข…๋“ค์ด -- ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ’€๋“ค์ด์ง€์š” -- ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ,
04:11
figured out how to get us to basically deforest the world.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
04:16
The competition of grasses, right?
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ํ’€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:19
And suddenly everything looked different.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
And suddenly mowing the lawn that day was a completely different experience.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋‚  ์ž”๋””๋ฅผ ๊น๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
I had thought always -- and in fact, had written this in my first book;
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด์™”๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฑ…์— ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
this was a book about gardening --
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ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:29
that lawns were nature under culture's boot,
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์ž”๋””๋ฐญ์€ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ํ‹€ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์ด๋‹ค.
04:34
that they were totalitarian landscapes,
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์ž”๋””๋ฐญ์€ ์ „์ฒด์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์ด๋‹ค.
04:36
and that when we mowed them we were cruelly suppressing the species
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž”๋””๋ฅผ ๊นŽ์„ ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž”์ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์ข…์„ ์–ต์••ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
04:40
and never letting it set seed or die or have sex.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์”จ๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ฃฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
04:44
And that's what the lawn was.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž”๋””๋ฐญ์ด๋‹ค.
04:46
But then I realized, "No, this is exactly what the grasses want us to do.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ „ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ทธ ํ’€๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋กœ๊ตฐ.
04:50
I'm a dupe. I'm a dupe of the lawns, whose goal in life is to outcompete the trees,
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๋‚œ ์†์•˜๊ตฌ๋‚˜. ๋‚œ ์ž”๋””๋ฐญ์—๊ฒŒ ์†์€ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ. ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
04:57
who they compete with for sunlight."
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ํ–‡๋ณ•์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€.โ€
05:00
And so by getting us to mow the lawn, we keep the trees from coming back,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž”๋””๋ฅผ ๊น๋„๋ก ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
05:04
which in New England happens very, very quickly.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ๋‰ด์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฒ™์ด๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
05:07
So I started looking at things this way
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
05:10
and wrote a whole book about it called "The Botany of Desire."
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด โ€œ์š•๋ง์˜ ์‹๋ฌผํ•™โ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ถŒ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
And I realized that in the same way you can look at a flower
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”, ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฝƒ ํ•œ ์†ก์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ,
05:16
and deduce all sorts of interesting things about the taste and the desires of bees --
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง›๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์š•๋ง๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์˜จ๊ฐ– ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
that they like sweetness, that they like this color and not that color, that they like symmetry --
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์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ € ์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์นญ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
05:27
what could we find out about ourselves by doing the same thing?
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:30
That a certain kind of potato, a certain kind of drug,
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ํŠน์ • ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ์ž, ํŠน์ • ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•ฝ์ดˆ,
05:33
a sativa-indica Cannabis cross has something to say about us.
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๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
And that, wouldn't this be kind of an interesting way to look at the world?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
05:44
Now, the test of any idea -- I said it was a literary conceit --
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์–ด๋–ค ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ -- ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ธ ๋น„์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
05:48
is what does it get us?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
And when you're talking about nature, which is really my subject as a writer,
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์ž์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์ œ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
05:55
how does it meet the Aldo Leopold test?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•Œ๋„ ๋ ˆ์˜คํด๋“œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:58
Which is, does it make us better citizens of the biotic community?
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์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:02
Get us to do things that leads to the support and perpetuation of the biota,
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๊ทธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์„ ๋ฉธ์ข…์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๊ตฌํžˆ ๋ณด์กด๋˜๋„๋ก ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:09
rather than its destruction?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉธ์ข…์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
06:10
And I would submit that this idea does this.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
So, let me go through what you gain when you look at the world this way,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
besides some entertaining insights about human desire.
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์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฐ–์—๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์š•๋ง์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
As an intellectual matter, looking at the world from other species' points of view
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์ง€์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
06:27
helps us deal with this weird anomaly,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋ณ€์น™์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
which is -- and this is in the realm of intellectual history --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€, -- ์ง€์„ฑ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ --
06:34
which is that we have this Darwinian revolution 150 years ago ...
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150๋…„ ์ „์— ๋‹ค์œˆ ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
06:39
Ugh. Mini-Me. (Laughter)
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์šฑ. ์ €๋ž‘ ๋‹ฎ์•˜์ง€์š”. --
06:44
We have this intellectual, this Darwinian revolution in which, thanks to Darwin,
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์ด ๋‹ค์œˆ ํ˜๋ช…์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์œˆ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
06:50
we figured out we are just one species among many;
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์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
evolution is working on us the same way it's working on all the others;
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์ง„ํ™”๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
we are acted upon as well as acting;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์—ญํ•  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
we are really in the fiber, the fabric of life.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฌผ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
But the weird thing is, we have not absorbed this lesson 150 years later;
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ 150๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ๋„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
none of us really believes this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
We are still Cartesians -- the children of Descartes --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ์นด๋ฅดํŠธ์˜ ์ถ”์ข…์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
who believe that subjectivity, consciousness, sets us apart;
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์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜์‹์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
07:18
that the world is divided into subjects and objects;
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
that there is nature on one side, culture on another.
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์ž์—ฐ์ด ํ•œ ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
As soon as you start seeing things from the plant's point of view or the animal's point of view,
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„,
07:29
you realize that the real literary conceit is that --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•™์  ๋น„์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด
07:33
is the idea that nature is opposed to culture,
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์ฆ‰, ์ž์—ฐ์ด ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
the idea that consciousness is everything --
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์˜์‹์ด ์ „๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
and that's another very important thing it does.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊นจ์šฐ์ณ์ค„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
Looking at the world from other species' points of view
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
07:47
is a cure for the disease of human self-importance.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž๋งŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
You suddenly realize that consciousness --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€,
07:56
which we value and we consider
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์—…์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š”
08:00
the crowning achievement of nature,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‹์ด
08:02
human consciousness -- is really just another set of tools for getting along in the world.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
And it's kind of natural that we would think it was the best tool.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
But, you know, there's a comedian who said,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ํ•œ ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””์–ธ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:13
"Well, who's telling me that consciousness is so good and so important?
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โ€œ๊ธ€์Ž„, ์˜์‹์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ• ๊นŒ?
08:17
Well, consciousness."
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์˜์‹์ด๋ผ.โ€
08:19
So when you look at the plants, you realize that there are other tools
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ,
08:23
and they're just as interesting.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชป์ง€์•Š๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
I'll give you two examples, also from the garden:
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์—ญ์‹œ ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
lima beans. You know what a lima bean does when it's attacked by spider mites?
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๋ฆฌ๋งˆ์ฝฉ. ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ, ๋ฆฌ๋งˆ์ฝฉ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:34
It releases this volatile chemical that goes out into the world
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ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ์–ด์„œ๋Š”,
08:37
and summons another species of mite
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๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
that comes in and attacks the spider mite, defending the lima bean.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:44
So what plants have -- while we have consciousness, tool making, language,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์˜์‹, ๋„๊ตฌ ์ œ์ž‘, ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:50
they have biochemistry.
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์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
And they have perfected that to a degree far beyond what we can imagine.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
Their complexity, their sophistication, is something to really marvel at,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ, ์ •๊ตํ•จ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
and I think it's really the scandal of the Human Genome Project.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์Šค์บ”๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
You know, we went into it thinking, 40,000 or 50,000 human genes
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 4๋งŒ๊ฐœ ๋‚ด์ง€ 5๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
and we came out with only 23,000.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 23,000๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
09:13
Just to give you grounds for comparison, rice: 35,000 genes.
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๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ๋ฒผ๋Š” 35,000๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
So who's the more sophisticated species?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ข…์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
09:24
Well, we're all equally sophisticated.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๊ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
We've been evolving just as long,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์™”์ง€๋งŒ,
09:28
just along different paths.
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๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋“ค์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
09:31
So, cure for self-importance, way to sort of make us feel the Darwinian idea.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž๋งŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์•ฝ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋‹ค์œˆ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
And that's really what I do as a writer, as a storyteller,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ €์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ, ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊พผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
is try to make people feel what we know and tell stories that actually
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์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„
09:49
help us think ecologically.
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ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
Now, the other use of this is practical.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์€ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
And I'm going to take you to a farm right now,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋†์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
because I used this idea to develop my understanding of the food system
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹ํ’ˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
09:58
and what I learned, in fact, is that we are all, now, being manipulated by corn.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ข…๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
And the talk you heard about ethanol earlier today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ์ „์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ค์œผ์…จ๋˜ ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š”,
10:08
to me, is the final triumph of corn over good sense. (Laughter) (Applause)
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ์Šน๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
10:13
It is part of corn's scheme for world domination.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ •๋ณต (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:22
And you will see, the amount of corn planted this year will be up dramatically from last year
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
10:26
and there will be that much more habitat
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์˜ฌํ•ด ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ž‘๋…„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
10:28
because we've decided ethanol is going to help us.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ๋” ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
So it helped me understand industrial agriculture,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋†์—…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
which of course is a Cartesian system.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐ์นด๋ฅดํŠธ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์ง€์š”.
10:36
It's based on this idea that we bend other species to our will
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
10:39
and that we are in charge, and that we create these factories
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ด ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
10:42
and we have these technological inputs and we get the food out of it
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž…๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์‹ํ’ˆ, ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”,
10:45
or the fuel or whatever we want.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
Let me take you to a very different kind of farm.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋†์žฅ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
This is a farm in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.
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์ด ๋†์žฅ์€ ๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„์ฃผ ์‰๋‚˜๋„์–ด ๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
I went looking for a farm where these ideas
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ
10:56
about looking at things from the species' point of view are actually implemented,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†์žฅ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
and I found it in a man. The farmer's name is Joel Salatin.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋†๋ถ€์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์กฐ์—˜ ์‚ด๋ผํ‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
And I spent a week as an apprentice on his farm,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฒฌ์Šต์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
and I took away from this some of the most hopeful news about our relationship to nature
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ด 25๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋˜, ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:11
that I've ever come across in 25 years of writing about nature.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ธ ๋‰ด์Šค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
And that is this:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
the farm is called Polyface, which means ...
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๊ทธ ๋†์žฅ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ํด๋ฆฌํŽ˜์ด์Šค(์–ผ๊ตด์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ - ์—ญ์ž์ฃผ)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
the idea is he's got six different species of animals, as well as some plants,
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๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์ข…์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
11:22
growing in this very elaborate symbiotic arrangement.
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์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ๊ณต์ƒ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
It's permaculture, those of you who know a little bit about this,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํผ๋จธ์ปฌ์ณ(permanent Culture)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘์— ์ข€ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
11:27
such that the cows and the pigs and the sheep and the turkeys and the ...
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์ –์†Œ, ๋ผ์ง€, ์–‘, ์น ๋ฉด์กฐ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ
11:35
what else does he have?
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๊ทธ๋ฐ–์— ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์ง€์š”?
11:37
All the six different species -- rabbits, actually --
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์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์ด -- ํ† ๋ผ๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”--
11:39
are all performing ecological services for one another,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
11:42
such that the manure of one is the lunch for the other
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์ฆ‰, ํ•œ ์ข…์˜ ๋ถ„๋‡จ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜ ์ ์‹ฌ์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ ,
11:45
and they take care of pests for one another.
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๊ฐ์ข…๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜ ํ•ด์ถฉ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€์š”.
11:47
It's a very elaborate and beautiful dance,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”--๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์–ด์šธ๋ฆผ์ด์—์š”.
11:50
but I'm going to just give you a close-up on one piece of it,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํด๋กœ์šฐ์ฆˆ์—…๋งŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
and that is the relationship between his cattle and his chickens, his laying hens.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ, ๋‹ญ, ์•”ํƒ‰๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
And I'll show you, if you take this approach, what you get, OK?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ๋•Œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:04
And this is a lot more than growing food, as you'll see;
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
this is a different way to think about nature
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ž,
12:08
and a way to get away from the zero-sum notion,
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์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ(์Œ๋ฐฉ ๋“์‹ค์˜ ํ•ฉ์ด 0 - ์—ญ์ž)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€๋…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํƒˆํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
the Cartesian idea that either nature's winning or we're winning,
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์ฆ‰, ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์ด๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”,
12:15
and that for us to get what we want, nature is diminished.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์€ ์‡ ์•ฝํ•ด์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์นด๋ฅดํŠธ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
So, one day, cattle in a pen.
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์šฐ์„  ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋‚ ์„ ์žก์•„์„œ, ์†Œ๋–ผ๋ฅผ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ ์†์— ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
The only technology involved here is this cheap electric fencing:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ฐ’์‹ผ ์ „๊ธฐ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
relatively new, hooked to a car battery;
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์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€์š”.
12:26
even I could carry a quarter-acre paddock, set it up in 15 minutes.
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์ €๋ผ๋„ 4๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์—์ด์ปค ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉ์žฅ ๋‘˜๋ ˆ์— 15๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
Cows graze one day. They move, OK?
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์ –์†Œ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋ฃป๋™์•ˆ ํ’€์„ ๋œฏ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”?
12:34
They graze everything down, intensive grazing.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ’€์„ ๋จน์–ด์น˜์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉ์ด์ง€์š”.
12:36
He waits three days,
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๋†๋ถ€๋Š” ์‚ฌํ˜์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
and then we towed in something called the Eggmobile.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋‹ญ์žฅ์ฐจ(์—๊ทธ๋ชจ๋นŒ)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
The Eggmobile is a very rickety contraption --
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๋‹ญ์žฅ์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ถ€์„œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
it looks like a prairie schooner made out of boards --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ฉํŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํฌ์žฅ๋งˆ์ฐจ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
but it houses 350 chickens.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 350๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ญ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜์ง€์š”.
12:49
He tows this into the paddock three days later and opens the gangplank,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌํ˜ ๋’ค ์ด ๋‹ญ์žฅ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉ์žฅ์— ๋ชฐ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‹ญ์žฅ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด์–ด๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
turns them down, and 350 hens come streaming down the gangplank --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด 350๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•”ํƒ‰๋“ค์ด ๊ผฌ๊ผฌ๋Œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
12:59
clucking, gossiping as chickens will --
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๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
and they make a beeline for the cow patties.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋˜ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณง์žฅ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€์ง€์š”.
13:06
And what they're doing is very interesting:
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์ด ๋‹ญ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
they're digging through the cow patties
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ถฉ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ,
13:10
for the maggots, the grubs, the larvae of flies.
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์†Œ๋˜ฅ์„ ํŒŒ๋’ค์ง‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
And the reason he's waited three days
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๋†๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํ˜์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ ์ด์œ ๋Š”,
13:16
is because he knows that on the fourth day or the fifth day, those larvae will hatch
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๋„ท์งธ ๋‚ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ ๋‚ ์— ์œ ์ถฉ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ
13:21
and he'll have a huge fly problem.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
But he waits that long to grow them as big and juicy and tasty as he can
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ ์ถฉ๋“ค์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ผ์„œ ๋ง›์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
because they are the chickens' favorite form of protein.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ญ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์›์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
So the chickens do their kind of little breakdance
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ญ๋“ค์€ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๋Œ„์Šค ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
and they're pushing around the manure to get at the grubs,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ ์ถฉ์„ ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œ๋˜ฅ์„ ํ—ค์ง‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
and in the process they're spreading the manure out.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๋˜ฅ์„ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
Very useful second ecosystem service.
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์•„์ฃผ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€์š”. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
And third, while they're in this paddock
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉ์žฅ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ,
13:48
they are, of course, defecating madly
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋“ฏ์ด ๋˜ฅ์„ ์Œ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
and their very nitrogenous manure is fertilizing this field.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ์†Œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋‡จ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉ์žฅ์— ๊ฑฐ๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
They then move out to the next one,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
and in the course of just a few weeks, the grass just enters this blaze of growth.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹จ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ๋งŒ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด, ํ’€๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
And within four or five weeks, he can do it again.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์˜ค์ฃผ ์•ˆ์—, ๋†๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€์š”.
14:09
He can graze again, he can cut, he can bring in another species,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ’€์„ ์ž˜๋ผ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
14:12
like the lambs, or he can make hay for the winter.
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์–‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์„ ๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฒจ์šธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
Now, I want you to just look really close up onto what's happened there.
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์ด์ œ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
So, it's a very productive system.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
And what I need to tell you is that on 100 acres
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
14:24
he gets 40,000 pounds of beef; 30,000 pounds of pork; 25,000 dozen eggs;
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100 ์—์ด์ปค์—์„œ ๋†๋ถ€๊ฐ€ 40,000 ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์˜ ์‡ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€, 30,000 ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์˜ ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ ๊ธฐ, 25,000 ๋‹ค์Šค(12๊ฐœ ๋ฌถ์Œ)์˜ ๊ณ„๋ž€,
14:29
20,000 broilers; 1,000 turkeys; 1,000 rabbits --
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20,000 ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œก๊ณ„, 1,000 ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์น ๋ฉด์กฐ, 1,000 ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ† ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ™•ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
an immense amount of food.
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์ •๋ง ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
14:34
You know, you hear, "Can organic feed the world?"
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, โ€œ์œ ๊ธฐ๋†์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ฌ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?โ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
Well, look how much food you can produce on 100 acres if you do this kind of ...
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์„ ๋•Œ 100 ์—์ด์ปค์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:41
again, give each species what it wants,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ ์ข…์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
let it realize its desires, its physiological distinctiveness.
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๊ฐ ์ข…๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์™€ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋“ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
14:48
Put that in play.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์กฐํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
14:50
But look at it from the point of view of the grass, now.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ํ’€์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:53
What happens to the grass when you do this?
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์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ’€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
14:55
When a ruminant grazes grass, the grass is cut from this height to this height,
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๋ฐ˜์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ์ด ํ’€์„ ๋œฏ์„ ๋•Œ, ํ’€์€ ์ด ๋†’์ด์—์„œ ์ด ๋†’์ด๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž˜๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
and it immediately does something very interesting.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
Any one of you who gardens knows that there is something called the root-shoot ratio,
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ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์€, ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ-์‹น ๋น„์œจ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
and plants need to keep the root mass
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์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ์ž๋ผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์žŽ์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–‘์ด
15:11
in some rough balance with the leaf mass to be happy.
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์„œ๋กœ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ค„์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
So when they lose a lot of leaf mass, they shed roots;
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์žŽ์˜ ์–‘์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด, ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
they kind of cauterize them and the roots die.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ, ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
And the species in the soil go to work
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ™ ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ข…๋“ค์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
15:24
basically chewing through those roots, decomposing them --
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ์”น์–ด์„œ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
the earthworms, the fungi, the bacteria -- and the result is new soil.
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์ง€๋ ์ด, ๊ณฐํŒก์ด, ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
This is how soil is created.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
It's created from the bottom up.
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๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€์ง€์š”.
15:38
This is how the prairies were built,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ดˆ์›์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
the relationship between bison and grasses.
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๋“ค์†Œ์™€ ํ’€๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
15:43
And what I realized when I understood this --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ --
15:46
and if you ask Joel Salatin what he is, he'll tell you he's not a chicken farmer,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์กฐ์—˜ ์‚ด๋ผํ‹ด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋‹ญ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”,
15:50
he's not a sheep farmer, he's not a cattle rancher; he's a grass farmer,
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์–‘ ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์†Œ ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ’€์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
because grass is really the keystone species of such a system --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ’€์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ข…์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
15:59
is that, if you think about it, this completely contradicts the tragic idea of nature we hold in our heads,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
which is that for us to get what we want, nature is diminished.
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์ฆ‰, ์ž์—ฐ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ ์  ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
16:14
More for us, less for nature.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชซ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด, ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ชซ์ด ์ ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:16
Here, all this food comes off this farm, and at the end of the season
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋†์‚ฌ์ฒ ์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด,
16:21
there is actually more soil, more fertility and more biodiversity.
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ , ๋” ๋น„์˜ฅํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๋„ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
It's a remarkably hopeful thing to do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ธ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:31
There are a lot of farmers doing this today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
This is well beyond organic agriculture,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋†์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
which is still a Cartesian system, more or less.
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์œ ๊ธฐ๋†์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ์นด๋ฅดํŠธ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์ง€์š”.
16:39
And what it tells you is that if you begin to take account of other species,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ ,
16:45
take account of the soil, that even with nothing more than this perspectival idea
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ํ™์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ด€์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:52
-- because there is no technology involved here except for those fences,
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-- ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
16:56
which are so cheap they could be all over Africa in no time --
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ทธ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์‹ธ์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „์—ญ์— ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ --
17:01
that we can take the food we need from the Earth
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
17:05
and actually heal the Earth in the process.
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์น˜์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
This is a way to reanimate the world,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
and that's what's so exciting about this perspective.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:14
When we really begin to feel Darwin's insights in our bones,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ผ›์† ๊นŠ์ด ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
17:18
the things we can do with nothing more than these ideas
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€
17:23
are something to be very hopeful about.
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๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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