Rose Goslinga: Crop insurance, an idea worth seeding

54,356 views ใƒป 2014-08-26

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JunYoung Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:12
In Kenya, 1984 is known
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์ผ€๋ƒ์—์„œ, 1984๋…„์€ ์ปต์˜ ํ•ด๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
as the year of the cup,
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00:18
or the goro goro.
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ณ ๋กœ๊ณ ๋กœ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:20
The goro goro is a cup used to measure
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๊ณ ๋กœ๊ณ ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ 2ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ๊ฝƒ์„ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ปต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
two kilograms of maize flower on the market,
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00:26
and the maize flower is used to make ugali,
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์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ๊ฝƒ์€ ์šฐ๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
a polenta-like cake that is eaten together with vegetables.
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์ฑ„์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋จน๋Š” ํด๋ Œํƒ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ€์ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
Both the maize and the vegetables are grown
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์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์™€ ์ฑ„์†Œ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ผ€๋ƒ์˜ ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
on most Kenyan farms,
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00:38
which means that most families can feed themselves
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋†์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๊ธ‰์ž์กฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ฃ .
00:40
from their own farm.
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00:42
One goro goro can feed three meals
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ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋กœ๊ณ ๋กœ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์„ธ๋ผ ์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
for an average family,
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00:48
and in 1984, the whole harvest
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1984๋…„์—๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ถ”์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋กœ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
could fit in one goro goro.
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00:55
It was and still is one of the worst droughts
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต ์† ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
in living memory.
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01:00
Now today, I insure farmers against droughts
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ €๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„ ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
like those in the year of the cup,
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์ปต์˜ ํ•ด์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:05
or to be more specific, I insure the rains.
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ํ˜น์€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
I come from a family of missionaries
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์— ๋ณ‘์›์„ ์ง“๋Š”
01:13
who built hospitals in Indonesia,
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์ „๋„์‚ฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
and my father built a psychiatric hospital
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์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์— ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์›์„ ์„ธ์šฐ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
in Tanzania.
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01:18
This is me, age five, in front of that hospital.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๊ทธ ๋ณ‘์› ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” 5์‚ด ๋•Œ์˜ ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
I don't think they thought I'd grow up
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์„œ
01:24
to sell insurance. (Laughter)
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๋ณดํ—˜์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
01:27
So let me tell you how that happened.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฑด์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
01:30
In 2008, I was working
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2008๋…„์— ์ „ ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค์˜ ๋†์—…๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
for the Ministry of Agriculture of Rwanda,
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01:34
and my boss had just been promoted
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „์— ์žฅ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ง„ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:36
to become the minister.
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01:37
She launched an ambitious plan
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
to start a green revolution in her country,
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01:41
and before we knew it, we were importing
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์—
01:43
tons of fertilizer and seed
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๋ฃŒ์™€ ์”จ์•—์„ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
and telling farmers how to apply that fertilizer
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ฌผ์— ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
and plant.
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01:49
A couple of weeks later,
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„
01:51
the International Monetary Fund visited us,
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IMF(๊ตญ์ œ ํ†ตํ™” ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ) ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด์„œ ์žฅ๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
and asked my minister,
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01:56
"Minister, it's great that you want to help farmers
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"์žฅ๊ด€๋‹˜, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์„ ๋•๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ 
01:58
reach food security, but what if it doesn't rain?"
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์‹ํ’ˆ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€๋ฐ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์˜ค๋ฉด ์–ด์ฉŒ์ฃ ?"
02:03
My minister answered proudly
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์žฅ๊ด€์€ ์ž์‹ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋„์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
and somewhat defiantly,
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02:07
"I am going to pray for rain."
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"๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์—์š”."
02:11
That ended the discussion.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ข…๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
On the way back to the ministry in the car,
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๋ถ€์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ์ฐจ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€
02:17
she turned around to me and said,
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธธ,
02:19
"Rose, you've always been interested in finance.
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"๋กœ์ฆˆ์”จ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์žฌ์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:21
Go find us some insurance."
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๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ด์š”."
02:24
It's been six years since,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 6๋…„์ด ํ˜๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
and last year I was fortunate enough
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์ž‘๋…„์—๋Š” ์šด์ด ์ข‹์ด ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
to be part of a team that insured
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์ผ€๋ƒ์™€ ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค์—์„œ 185,000๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์„
02:30
over 185,000 farmers in Kenya and Rwanda
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๊ฐ€๋ญ„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ€์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:33
against drought.
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02:35
They owned an average of half an acre
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ˜์—์ด์ปค์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:37
and paid on average two Euros in premium.
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ํ‰๊ท  2์œ ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
It's microinsurance.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ์•ก๋ณดํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Now, traditional insurance doesn't work
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์ด์ œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ณดํ—˜์€ 2~3์œ ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
with two to three Euros of premium,
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02:47
because traditional insurance relies on farm visits.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „ํ†ต์  ๋ณดํ—˜์€ ๋†์žฅ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:50
A farmer here in Germany would be visited
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์ด๊ณณ ๋…์ผ์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋Š” ์‹œ์ฆŒ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ์ฏค,
02:52
for the start of the season, halfway through,
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์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ฏค ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฏค ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
and at the end, and again if there was a loss,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์†์‹ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
to estimate the damages.
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03:00
For a small-scale farmer in the middle of Africa,
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์ค‘๋ถ€์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
03:04
the maths of doing those visits
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
simply don't add up.
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03:09
So instead, we rely on technology and data.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
This satellite measures
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์ด ์œ„์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—†๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
whether there were clouds or not,
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03:17
because think about it:
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:18
If there are clouds, then you might have some rain,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
03:23
but if there are no clouds,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:24
then it's actually impossible for it to rain.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
03:27
These images show the onset of the rains
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์ด ํ™”๋ฉด๋“ค์€ ์ผ€๋ƒ์˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋†์‚ฌ์ฒ ์˜ ๋น„์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
this season in Kenya.
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03:31
You see that around March 6,
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3์›” 5์ผ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
03:33
the clouds move in and then disappear,
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:36
and then around the March 11,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  3์›” 11์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
03:38
the clouds really move in.
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„๋“ค์ด ๋ง‰ ๋ชฐ๋ ค์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
That, and those clouds,
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์ €๊ฒƒ์ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ € ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„๋“ค์ด
03:45
were the onset of the rains this year.
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์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋น„์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
This satellite covers the whole of Africa
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์ด ์œ„์„ฑ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „์—ญ์„ ์ปค๋ฒ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
and goes back as far as 1984,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1984๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
and that's important, because if you know
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
03:55
how many times a place has had a drought
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—
03:58
in the last 30 years,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:00
you can make a pretty good estimate
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฝค ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ถ”์ธก์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
what the chances are of drought in the future,
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04:04
and that means that you can put a price tag
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๊ทธ๊ฑด, ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ฃ .
04:07
on the risk of drought.
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04:09
The data alone isn't enough.
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์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
We devise agronomic algorithms
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๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„, ์–ธ์ œ ํ•„์š”ํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋†์—… ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
which tell us how much rainfall a crop needs and when.
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04:18
For example, for maize at planting,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์„๋•Œ์—
04:20
you need to have two days of rain
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๋†๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ดํ‹€ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:23
for farmers to plant,
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04:25
and then it needs to rain once every two weeks
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹น์ด ํŠธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
04:27
for the crop to properly germinate.
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์ด์ฃผ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์ •๋„ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:29
After that, you need rain every three weeks
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ์žŽ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค 3์ฃผ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
for the crop to form its leaves,
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04:35
whereas at flowering, you need it to rain more frequently,
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๊ฝƒ์ด ํ•„๋•Œ ์ฏค์—๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
about once every 10 days for the crop to form its cob.
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๋Œ€๋žต 10์ผ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์ •๋„๋Š” ์™€์•ผ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์ฃ .
04:42
At the end of the season,
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๋†์‚ฌ์ฒ ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—๋Š”
04:44
you actually don't want it to rain,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ฃ .
04:46
because rains then can damage the crop.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์— ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:49
Devising such a cover is difficult,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณด์žฅ์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
but it turned out the real challenge
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง„์งœ ๋‚œ๊ด€์€
04:55
was selling insurance.
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๋ณดํ—˜์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
We set ourselves a modest target
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:02
of 500 farmers insured after our first season.
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์ฒซ ๋†์‚ฌ์ฒ  ํ›„์— 500๋ช…์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํ—˜์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์–ด์š”.
05:06
After a couple of months' intense marketing,
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์•ฝ ๋‘๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์ดํ›„์—
05:08
we had signed up the grand total
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์ด 185๋ช…์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
of 185 farmers.
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05:14
I was disappointed and confounded.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹นํ˜น์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
Everybody kept telling me that farmers
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
05:18
wanted insurance,
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:21
but our prime customers simply weren't buying.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:24
They were waiting to see what would happen,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ ..
05:26
didn't trust insurance companies,
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๋ณดํ—˜ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:29
or thought, "I've managed for so many years.
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
05:31
Why would I buy insurance now?"
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์™œ ์ด์ œ ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ง€?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:35
Now many of you know microcredit,
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์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์†Œ์•ก ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ,
05:38
the method of providing small loans to poor people
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋Œ€์ถœํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
05:41
pioneered by Muhammad Yunus,
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๋…ธ๋ฒจ ํ‰ํ™”์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฌดํ•˜๋งˆ๋“œ ์œ ๋ˆ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏผ ์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
05:43
who won the Nobel Peace Prize
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05:45
for his work with the Grameen Bank.
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05:47
Turns out, selling microcredit
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ ์†Œ์•ก๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:49
isn't the same as selling insurance.
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๋ณดํ—˜์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
For credit, a farmer needs to earn the trust of a bank,
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๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋†๋ถ€๋Š” ์€ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ์šฉ์„ ์Œ“์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
and if it succeeds, the bank will advance him money.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์€ํ–‰์€ ๋†๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ์ž…๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
That's an attractive proposition.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ œ์•ˆ์ด์ฃ .
06:03
For insurance, the farmer needs to trust
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๋ณดํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
๋†๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ—˜ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:06
the insurance company, and needs
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06:07
to advance the insurance company money.
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๋ณดํ—˜ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ์ž…๊ธˆํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
It's a very different value proposition.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ์ œ์˜ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
And so the uptick of insurance has been slow,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋Š๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
with so far only 4.4 percent of Africans
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ค‘์˜ 4.4%์ •๋„๋งŒ์ด 2012๋…„๋„์— ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
taking up insurance in 2012,
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06:22
and half of that number is in one country,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ € ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์ค‘์— ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
06:24
South Africa.
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜€์ฃ .
06:26
We tried for some years
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๋ช‡๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ํŒ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
selling insurance directly to farmers,
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06:30
with very high marketing cost
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1999
๋งŽ์€ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
and very limited success.
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06:35
Then we realized that there were many organizations
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ ๋’ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:37
working with farmers:
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06:40
seed companies, microfinance institutions,
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์ข…์žํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค, ์†Œ์•ก๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค,
06:43
mobile phone companies,
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค,
06:45
government agencies.
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์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค,
06:46
They were all providing loans to farmers,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:49
and often, just before they'd finalize the loan,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”ํžˆ, ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
06:52
the farmer would say,
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:54
"But what if it doesn't rain?
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์˜ค๋ฉด ์–ด์ฉŒ์ฃ ?
06:56
How do you expect me to repay my loan?"
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์ œ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด ์ƒํ™˜๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?"
06:59
Many of these organizations
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์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด
07:02
were taking on the risk themselves,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
simply hoping that that year,
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๊ทธ์ € ์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:05
the worst wouldn't happen.
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07:07
Most of the organizations, however,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€
07:09
were limiting their growth in agriculture.
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๋†์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ œํ•œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
They couldn't take on this kind of risk.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
These organizations became our customers,
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์ด๋“ค ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:18
and when combining credit and insurance,
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๋Œ€์ถœ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ—˜์ด ํ•ฉ์ณ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ
07:21
interesting things can happen.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Let me tell you one more story.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋” ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
07:28
At the start of February 2012 in western Kenya,
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2012๋…„ 2์›” ์ดˆ์— ์ผ€๋ƒ ์„œ๋ถ€์—์„œ
07:31
the rains started, and they started early,
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๋„ ์ผ์ฐ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
and when rains start early, farmers are encouraged,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ฐ ์˜ค์ž ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
because it usually means that the season is going to be good.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋†์‚ฌ์ฒ ์ด ์ข‹์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋œปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:41
So they took out loans and planted.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
For the next three weeks,
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๋‹ค์Œ 3์ฃผ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹จ ํ•œ๋ฐฉ์šธ์˜ ๋น„๋„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
there wasn't a single drop of rain,
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07:48
and the crops that had germinated so well
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ž˜ ์‹น์ด ํŠธ๋”๋‹ˆ
07:50
shriveled and died.
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์‚ฌ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
We'd insured the loans of a microfinance institution
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ 6์ฒœ์—ฌ๋ช…์˜ ๋†๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์•ก๋Œ€์ถœ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:56
that had provided those loans
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07:57
to about 6,000 farmers in that area,
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08:01
and we called them up and said,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
"Look, we know about the drought.
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"๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
We've got you.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
08:06
We'll give you 200,000 Euros at the end of the season."
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹œ์ฆŒ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ 20๋งŒ ์œ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:10
They said, "Wow, that's great,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๋„ค์š”!
08:12
but that'll be late.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข€ ๋Šฆ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
08:14
Could you give us the money now?
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ˆ์„ ์ค„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‚˜์š”?
08:16
Then these farmers can still replant
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ์”จ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ณ 
08:18
and can get a harvest this season."
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹œ์ฆŒ์— ์ถ”์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
08:22
So we convinced our insurance partners,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ—˜ ๋™์—…์ž๋“ค์„ ํ™•์‹ ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ 
08:24
and later that April, these farmers replanted.
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๊ทธ ํ•ด 4์›” ํ›„๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์— ์ด ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์”จ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
We took the idea of replanting to a seed company
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ข…์ž ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
08:30
and convinced them to price the cost of insurance
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๋ชจ๋“  ์”จ์•— ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๋ณดํ—˜ ์š”๊ธˆ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
into every bag of seed,
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08:34
and in every bag, we packed a card
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
that had a number on it,
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08:38
and when the farmers would open the card,
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์—ด๊ณ ,
08:40
they'd text in that number,
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๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
and that number would actually help us
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๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
08:43
to locate the farmer
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08:45
and allocate them to a satellite pixel.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„์„ฑ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ• ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
A satellite would then measure the rainfall
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์œ„์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ 3์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
for the next three weeks,
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08:52
and if it didn't rain,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
08:54
we'd replace their seed.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์”จ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
One of the first โ€”
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ -
08:58
(Applause) โ€” Hold on, I'm not there!
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๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์•„์ง ์•ˆ ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
09:04
One of the first beneficiaries of this replanting guarantee
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์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ์‹ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ฆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž๋Š”
09:07
was Bosco Mwinyi.
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๋ณด์Šค์ฝ” ์œ„๋‹ˆ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
We visited his farm later that August,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 8์›”๋ง์— ๊ทธ์˜ ๋†์žฅ์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์–ด์š”,
09:12
and I wish I could show you the smile on his face
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์ €๋Š” ์œ„๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ™•๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์„๋•Œ์˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
09:15
when he showed us his harvest,
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09:18
because it warmed my heart
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ œ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:19
and it made me realize why selling insurance
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:21
can be a good thing.
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09:24
But you know, he insisted
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
09:25
that we get his whole harvest in the picture,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ถ”์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋‹ด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:28
so we had to zoom out a lot.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
Insurance secured his harvest that season,
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๋ณดํ—˜์ด ๊ทธ ๋†์‚ฌ์ฒ ์˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ถ”์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:35
and I believe that today,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ๋ก  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด
09:38
we have all the tools to enable African farmers
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์šด๋ช…์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
to take control of their own destiny.
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09:44
No more years of the cup.
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๋”์ด์ƒ ์ปต์˜ ํ•ด๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
Instead, I am looking forward to, at least somehow,
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ €๋Š” ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ ์–ด๋„
09:49
the year of the insurance,
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๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
or the year of the great harvest.
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ์ถ”์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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