Jonathan Zittrain: The Web as random acts of kindness

144,997 views ใƒป 2009-09-22

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Nakho Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jonghoon JANG
00:12
My name is Jonathan Zittrain,
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์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์กฐ๋„ˆ์„  ์ง€ํŠธ๋ Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
and in my recent work I've been a bit of a pessimist.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ €์ž‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋น„๊ด€๋ก ์ž์˜€์ฃ .
00:17
So I thought this morning I would try to be the optimist,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ, ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋‚™๊ด€๋ก ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
and give reason to hope
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
00:23
for the future of the Internet
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ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
by drawing upon its present.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:28
Now, it may seem like there is less hope today than there was before.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์€ ํฌ๋ง์ด ๋” ์ค„์–ด๋“  ๋“ฏ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
00:32
People are less kind. There is less trust around.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋œ ์นœ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋œ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ฃ .
00:34
I don't know. As a simple example,
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋กœ
00:38
we could run a test here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
00:40
How many people have ever hitchhiked?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ดํ‚น์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
00:47
I know. How many people have hitchhiked
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์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
00:50
within the past 10 years?
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ดํ‚น์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
00:55
Right. So what has changed?
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์˜ˆ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:58
It's not better public transportation.
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๊ณต๊ณต ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
So that's one reason to think that we might be
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ‡ดํ™”์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋Š”,
01:04
declensionists, going in the wrong direction.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ด์œ  ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ .
01:07
But I want to give you three examples
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์€
01:10
to try to say that the trend line
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
01:13
is in fact in the other direction,
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3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
and it's the Internet helping it along.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋•๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:18
So example number one: the Internet itself.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
These are three of the founders of the Internet.
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ž ์ค‘ ์„ธ ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
They were actually high school classmates together
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
at the same high school in suburban Los Angles in the 1960s.
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1960๋…„๋Œ€ LA ๊ต์™ธ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜€์ฃ .
01:31
You might have had a French club or a Debate club.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด ๋™์•„๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ํ† ๋ก  ๋™์•„๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
They had a "Let's build a global network" club,
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์ด๋ถ„๋“ค์€ "์ „์ง€๊ตฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ž" ๋™์•„๋ฆฌ์˜€์ฃ .
01:36
and it worked out very well.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฝค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
They are pictured here for their 25th anniversary
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25์ฃผ๋…„ ๊ธฐ๋…์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Newsweek retrospective on the Internet.
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๋‰ด์Šค์œ„ํฌ์ง€์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์ฃ .
01:45
And as you can tell,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
01:47
they are basically goof balls.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ”ํ•œ ๊ดด์งœ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
They had one great limitation
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์ „์ง€๊ตฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ
01:53
and one great freedom
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ œํ•œ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜,
01:55
as they tried to conceive of a global network.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:58
The limitation was that they didn't have any money.
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์ œํ•œ์กฐ๊ฑด์€, ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
No particular amount of capital to invest,
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ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ž๋ณธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
02:05
of the sort that for a physical network
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
02:07
you might need for trucks and people
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ํŠธ๋Ÿญ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐค์ƒˆ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์›€์ง์ผ ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ
02:09
and a hub to move packages around overnight.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ˆ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
They had none of that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:14
But they had an amazing freedom,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
which was they didn't have to make any money from it.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ, ๊ทธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:20
The Internet has no business plan, never did.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณ„ํš์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
02:24
No CEO,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ํ™€๋กœ ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
02:26
no firm responsible, singly, for building it.
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CEO๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
02:30
Instead, it's folks getting together
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜
02:32
to do something for fun,
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
rather than because they were told to,
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
02:37
or because they were expecting to make a mint off of it.
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๋ˆ ์ข€ ๋งŒ์ ธ๋ณด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
That ethos led to a network architecture,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œค๋ฆฌ ์œ„์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š”
02:44
a structure that was unlike
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€
02:46
other digital networks then or since.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
So unusual, in fact,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํŠน์ดํ•ด์„œ,
02:52
that it was said that it's not clear the Internet could work.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€์กฐ์ฐจ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์„ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
02:56
As late as 1992, IBM was known to say
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1992๋…„ ๋ฌด๋ ต๊นŒ์ง€๋„, IBM์—์„œ๋Š”
02:59
you couldn't possibly build a corporate network
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ(IP)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
03:02
using Internet Protocol.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
And even some Internet engineers today say
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๋„ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค์€
03:07
the whole thing is a pilot project and the jury is still out.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์‹œ๋ฒ”ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ณ , ์•„์ง ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:12
That's why the mascot of Internet engineering,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์˜ ๋งˆ์Šค์ฝ”ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:16
if it had one, is said to be the bumblebee.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋•…๋ฒŒ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋“ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Because the fur-to-wingspan ratio of the bumblebee
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋•…๋ฒŒ์˜ ํ„ธ ๋Œ€ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€
03:22
is far too large for it to be able to fly.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ปค์„œ ๋„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
And yet, mysteriously, somehow the bee flies.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„, ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ์—ฌํ•˜ํŠผ ๋ฒŒ์€ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
I'm pleased to say that, thanks to massive government funding,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ์œ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์ „ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ •๋ถ€ ํˆฌ์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
03:32
about three years ago we finally figured out
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3๋…„์ฏค ์ „์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ
03:35
how bees fly.
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:39
It's very complicated, but it turns out they
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ธ๋ฐ, ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š”
03:41
flap their wings very quickly.
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํŽ„๋Ÿญ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:47
So what is this bizarre architecture configuration
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ํŠน์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
03:51
that makes the network sing and be so unusual?
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๊ธฐ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
03:54
Well, to move data around
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๋ฐ”๋กœ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ
03:56
from one place to another -- again, it's not like a package courier.
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์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œํฌํƒ๋ฐฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
It's more like a mosh pit.
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฝ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ์˜ ์Šคํƒ ๋”ฉ ๊ด€๊ฐ์„์— ๊ฐ€๊น์ฃ .
04:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:03
Imagine, you being part of a network
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
where, you're maybe at a sporting event,
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์Šคํฌ์ธ  ํ–‰์‚ฌ์ผ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:08
and you're sitting in rows like this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ด์— ๋งž์ถฐ์„œ ์•‰์•„์žˆ์ฃ .
04:10
and somebody asks for a beer,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:12
and it gets handed at the aisle.
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ํ†ต๋กœ์ธก์—์„œ ๋งฅ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๋„ค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
And your neighborly duty
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋•Œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋œ "์ด์›ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด"๋Š”
04:17
is to pass the beer along,
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๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
at risk to your own trousers,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐ”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ์‹ค ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:22
to get it to the destination.
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๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:24
No one pays you to do this.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
It's just part of your neighborly duty.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์›ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์ฃ .
04:29
And, in a way, that's exactly how packets move around the Internet,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด ํŒจํ‚ท๋“ค์ด ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋”ฑ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
sometimes in as many as 25 or 30 hops,
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” 25์—์„œ 30ํ™‰์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:35
with the intervening entities
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š”
04:37
that are passing the data around
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์ค‘๊ฐœ ์—”ํ„ฐํ‹ฐ๋“ค์€
04:39
having no particular contractual or legal obligation
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๋”ฑํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๋ฌถ์—ฌ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
to the original sender
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์›๋ž˜์˜ ์†ก์‹ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋„,
04:45
or to the receiver.
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์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:48
Now, of course, in a mosh pit it's hard to specify a destination.
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์•„ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์ง€ ๋‹ค์ด๋น™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
You need a lot of trust,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:54
but it's not like, "I'm trying to get to Pensacola, please."
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"ํŽœ์‚ฌ์ฝœ๋ผ์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€์ฃผ์„ธ์š”" ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
So the Internet needs addressing and directions.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์ฃผ์†Œ์™€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:01
It turns out there is no one overall map of the Internet.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Instead, again, it is as if we are all sitting together in a theater,
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹ , ๋งˆ์น˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ทน์žฅ์— ๊ฐ™์ด ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:08
but we can only see amidst the fog
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์•ˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ž์šฑํ•ด์„œ
05:11
the people immediately around us.
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๋‹น์žฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
So what do we do to figure out who is where?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:16
We turn to the person on the right,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
05:18
and we tell that person what we see on our left,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
and vice versa.
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๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
05:23
And they can lather, rinse, repeat. And before you know it,
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด, ์–ด๋Šํ‹ˆ์—
05:25
you have a general sense of where everything is.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋žต ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
This is how Internet addressing and routing actually work.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ์ฃผ์†Œ ๋ฐ ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
This is a system that relies on kindness and trust,
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์นœ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์ฃ .
05:37
which also makes it very delicate and vulnerable.
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๋•๋ถ„์— ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
In rare but striking instances,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋“œ๋ฌผ์ง€๋งŒ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:42
a single lie told by just one entity
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์ด ๋ฐ€์ง‘ํ•œ ๋ฒŒ์ง‘๊ตฌ์กฐ ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š”
05:45
in this honeycomb
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์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•ด๋„
05:47
can lead to real trouble.
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
So, for example, last year,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ž‘๋…„์—
05:52
the government of Pakistan
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
05:54
asked its Internet service providers there
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ํ˜„์ง€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์—…์ž(ISP)๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
05:57
to prevent citizens of Pakistan from seeing YouTube.
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰์œผ๋ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
There was a video there that the government did not like
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์ •๋ถ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:03
and they wanted to make sure it was blocked.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
This is a common occurrence. Governments everywhere
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ์ •๋ถ€๋“ค์€
06:07
are often trying to block
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์ข…์ข… ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ
06:09
and filter and censor content on the Internet.
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์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์—ด์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:12
Well this one ISP in Pakistan
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์˜ ์ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…์ž๋Š”
06:14
chose to effectuate the block for its subscribers
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์ž์‚ฌ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:17
in a rather unusual way.
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๋‹ค์†Œ ํ”์น˜ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
It advertised --
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š”,
06:22
the way that you might be asked, if you were part of the Internet,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:25
to declare what you see near you -- it advertised
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ,
06:27
that near it, in fact, it had suddenly awakened to find
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์—
06:32
that it was YouTube.
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์œ ํˆฌ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
"That's right," it said, "I am YouTube."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, "๋งž์•„. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์•ผ" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:37
Which meant that packets of data
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š”,
06:39
from subscribers going to YouTube
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๊ฐ€์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŒจํ‚ท๋“ค์ด
06:41
stopped at the ISP, since they thought they were already there,
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ISP์—…์ฒด ์„œ๋ฒ„์—์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ์ด๋ฏธ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:44
and the ISP threw them away unopened
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ISP์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŒจํ‚ท์„ ์—ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
because the point was to block it.
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์• ์ดˆ์— ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:48
But it didn't stop there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
You see, that announcement
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๊ทธ ์„ ์–ธ์ด
06:52
went one click out,
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ํ•œ ํด๋ฆญ ๋” ํผ์ง€๊ณ ,
06:54
which got reverberated, one click out.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„คํŠธ์›์„ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋Š”, ํ•œ ํด๋ฆญ ๋” ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
And it turns out that as you look
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๊ฒ€์‹œ๊ด€์ด ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ
06:59
at the postmortem of this event,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด์ž๋ฉด,
07:01
you have at one moment
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์–ด๋–ค ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋Š”
07:03
perfectly working YouTube.
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์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
Then, at moment number two,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—,
07:07
you have the fake announcement go out.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“ ์„ ์–ธ์ด ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์ฃ .
07:10
And within two minutes,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2๋ถ„๋งŒ์—
07:12
it reverberates around
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์„ ์–ธ์ด ๋Œ๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์„œ
07:14
and YouTube is blocked everywhere in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
If you were sitting in Oxford, England, trying to get to YouTube,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜๊ตญ ์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์ ‘์†ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ด๋„
07:20
your packets were going to Pakistan
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ํŒจํ‚ท์ด ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
07:22
and they weren't coming back.
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๋Œ์•„์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
Now just think about that.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:27
One of the most popular websites in the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜,
07:29
run by the most powerful company in the world,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ธ๋ฐ๋„
07:31
and there was nothing that YouTube or Google
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์ •์ž‘ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€๋„ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
07:35
were particularly privileged to do about it.
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๋”ฑํžˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน๊ถŒ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
And yet, somehow, within about two hours,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฌ์ฐจ์ €์ฐจ ์•ฝ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์—
07:42
the problem was fixed.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
How did this happen?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:46
Well, for a big clue, we turn to NANOG.
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ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด NANOG, ์ฆ‰
07:49
The North American Network Operators Group,
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"๋ถ๋ฏธ์ง€์—ญ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์˜คํผ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ์ž„"์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ .
07:52
a group of people who,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด,
07:54
on a beautiful day outside,
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์–ด๋Š ํ™”์ฐฝํ•œ ๋‚ ์—
07:56
enter into a windowless room,
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์— ํ‹€์–ด๋ฐ•ํ˜€์„œ
07:58
at their terminals
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋‹จ๋ง๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์žก๊ณ 
08:00
reading email and messages
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ธ€๊ผด๋กœ ์ ํžŒ
08:03
in fixed proportion font, like this,
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ๊ณผ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:07
and they talk about networks.
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๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
08:09
And some of them are mid-level employees at Internet service providers
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…์ฒด๋“ค์˜
08:11
around the world.
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ์ง๊ธ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
And here is the message where one of them says,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ๋‚จ๊ธด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
"Looks like we've got a live one. We have a hijacking of YouTube!
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"์‹ค์ œ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ด์žฌํ‚น ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค!
08:18
This is not a drill. It's not just the cluelessness
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ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์•„๋‹˜. ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์ชฝ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค์˜
08:21
of YouTube engineers. I promise.
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๋ฉ์ฒญํ•จ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹˜. ๋งน์„ธํ•˜๊ฑด๋ฐ,
08:23
Something is up in Pakistan."
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค."
08:25
And they came together to help find the problem and fix it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ๊ณ ์น˜๊ณ ์ž ์˜๊ธฐํˆฌํ•ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
So it's kind of like if your house catches on fire.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘์— ๋ถˆ์ด ๋ถ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
The bad news is there is no fire brigade.
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๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์€, ์†Œ๋ฐฉ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
The good news is random people apparate from nowhere,
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€, ์ž„์˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””์„ ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์‘ฅ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์„œ๋Š”
08:39
put out the fire and leave without expecting payment or praise.
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๋ถˆ์„ ๋„๊ณ , ๋ณด์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์นญ์ฐฌ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:48
I was trying to think of the right model to describe
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
this form of random acts of kindness
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๊ธฑ(geek)์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋‚ฏ์„  ์ด๋“ค์ด
08:52
by geeky strangers.
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๋ฒ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ž„์˜์  ์นœ์ ˆํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:59
You know, it's just like the hail goes out
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์™ธ์น˜๋ฉด
09:02
and people are ready to help.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Ÿฌ ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
And it turns out this model is everywhere, once you start looking for it.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
Example number two: Wikipedia.
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2๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
If a man named Jimbo came up to you in 2001
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2001๋…„์—, ์ง๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™€์„œ (*์—ญ์ฃผ: ์œ„ํ‚ค๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ์ง€๋ฏธ ์›จ์ผ์ฆˆ์˜ ์• ์นญ)
09:14
and said, "I've got a great idea! We start with seven articles
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค ์นฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. "๋๋‚ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์–ด! ์šฐ์„  7๊ฐœ ๊ธ€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ,
09:17
that anybody can edit anything, at any time,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด ๋•Œ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์ˆ˜์ • ํŽธ์ง‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์—ด์–ด๋‘๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
09:19
and we'll get a great encyclopedia! Eh?"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ง€! ์–ด๋•Œ?"
09:22
Right. Dumbest idea ever.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ . ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด.
09:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:27
In fact, Wikipedia is an idea so profoundly stupid
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด๋ผ์„œ
09:32
that even Jimbo never had it.
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์ง๋ณด ๋ณธ์ธ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
Jimbo's idea was for Nupedia.
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์ง๋ณด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ๋ˆ„ํ”ผ๋””์•„์˜€์ฃ .
09:37
It was going to be totally traditional. He would pay people money
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์ „ํ†ต์  ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์˜ˆ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์„ ์˜๋กœ
09:39
because he was feeling like a good guy,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:41
and the money would go to the people
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ์ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
09:43
and they would write the articles.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
The wiki was introduced
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'์œ„ํ‚ค' ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
09:47
so others could make suggestions on edits --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์ด ํŽธ์ง‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:49
as almost an afterthought, a back room.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์žฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๋’ท์ชฝ ์ชฝ๋ฐฉ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
And then it turns out the back room grew
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ชฝ๋ฐฉ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ ค์„œ
09:54
to encompass the entire project.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
And today, Wikipedia is so ubiquitous
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ด ๋˜์–ด
09:59
that you can now find it on Chinese restaurant menus.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์Œ์‹์  ๋ฉ”๋‰ดํŒ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:03
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:09
I am not making this up.
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ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:13
I have a theory I can explain later.
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์ œ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
Suffice it to say for now that I prefer my Wikipedia
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์šฐ์„ ์€, ์ €๋Š” ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋ผ๋ฉด
10:18
stir-fried with pimentos.
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ํ”ผ๋ง ๋ณถ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋จน๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋”ฑ ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์ฃ .
10:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:22
But now, Wikipedia doesn't just spontaneously work.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
How does it really work? It turns out
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
10:27
there is a back room that is kind of windowless,
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ชฝ๋ฐฉ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
metaphorically speaking.
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์€์œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:31
And there are a bunch of people who, on a sunny day,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋Š ๋ง‘์€ ๋‚ ์—
10:33
would rather be inside
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฐฉ ์•ˆ์— ๋ฐ•ํ˜€์„œ
10:36
and monitoring this, the administrator's notice board,
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ๊ณต์ง€๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
itself a wiki page that anyone can edit.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด๋„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํŽธ์ง‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ‚ค ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์ฃ .
10:41
And you just bring your problems to the page.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—, ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
It's reminiscent of the description of history
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๋งˆ์น˜, ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •์˜๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด๋งŒํ•˜์ฃ .
10:47
as "one damn thing after another," right?
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"ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋นŒ์–ด๋จน์„ ์ผ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ฅ์น˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค".
10:50
Number one: "Tendentious editing by user Andyvphil."
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1๋ฒˆ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ "์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž Andyvphil์ด ํŽธํ–ฅ๋œ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
Apologies, Andyvphil, if you're here today.
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์•„, Andyvphil๋‹˜์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
I'm not taking sides.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์–ด๋Š ํŽธ์„ ๋“ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
10:59
"Anon attacking me for reverting."
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"Anon์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ •์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค๋†จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•จ"
11:02
Here is my favorite: "A long story."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "์‚ฌ์—ฐ์ด ์ข€ ๊ธธ์–ด์š”"
11:04
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:05
It turns out there are more people checking this page for problems
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๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๋ฐ”, ์ด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
11:09
and wanting to solve them
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์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ 
11:11
than there are problems arising on the page.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
And that's what keeps Wikipedia afloat.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
At all times, Wikipedia is approximately
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜
11:20
45 minutes away from utter destruction. Right?
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ ์ž‘ 45๋ถ„ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
There are spambots crawling it, trying to turn every article
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์œ„ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ŠคํŒธ๋ด‡๋“ค์€ ๋„˜์ณ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
into an ad for a Rolex watch.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๊ธ€๋“ค์„ ๋กค๋ ‰์Šค ์‹œ๊ณ„ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋†“๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (*์—ญ์ฃผ: ๋ณธ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋กค๋ ‰์Šค)
11:30
It's this thin geeky line
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์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ธฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„ ์ด
11:33
that keeps it going.
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๊ณ„์† ์ด ๊ณณ์„ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
Not because it's a job,
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์ง์—…์ด๋ผ์„œ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
11:37
not because it's a career,
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๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ,
11:39
but because it's a calling.
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์†Œ๋ช…์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
It's something they feel impelled to do
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:44
because they care about it.
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๊ผญ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
They even gather together in such groups
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋“ค์„ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:48
as the Counter-Vandalism Unit --
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"์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ, ์„ฑ์ˆ™, ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ" ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฑด
11:50
"Civility, Maturity, Responsibility" --
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๋ฐ˜๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํŒ€(CVU) ๊ฐ™์€
11:53
to just clean up the pages.
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๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
It does make you wonder if there were, for instance,
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(๊ธฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋ฐœ์„ฑ์—๋งŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š”) ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด,
11:58
a massive, extremely popular Star Trek convention one weekend,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋Š ์ฃผ๋ง์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ๋ ‰ ๋ฐ•๋žŒํšŒ๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:02
who would be minding the store?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„ ์ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ณ  ์•‰์•„์žˆ์„์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์ง€์ฃ .
12:04
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:09
So what we see --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:14
what we see in this phenomenon
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์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:18
is something that the crazed, late traffic engineer
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๊ณ  ํ•œ์Šค ๋ชฌ๋”๋งŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ดด์งœ ๊ตํ†ต ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๊ฐ€
12:22
Hans Monderman discovered in the Netherlands,
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ณณ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ์ผ„์‹ฑํ„ด์—์„œ
12:24
and here in South Kensington, that sometimes
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š”
12:26
if you remove some of the external rules and signs and everything else,
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์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
12:31
you can actually end up
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
12:33
with a safer environment in which people can function,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š”
12:36
and one in which they are more human with each other.
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๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:39
They're realizing that they
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
12:41
have to take responsibility for what they do.
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์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ ธ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
And Wikipedia has embraced this.
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:46
Some of you may remember Star Wars Kid,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” '์Šคํƒ€์›Œ์ฆˆํ‚ค๋“œ'๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
the poor teenager who filmed himself with a golf ball retriever,
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๊ณจํ”„๊ณต ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ด‘์„ ๊ฒ€์ธ์–‘ ํœ˜๋‘๋ฅด๋ฉฐ
12:53
acting as if it were a light saber.
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์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋…นํ™”ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์Œํ•œ ์‹ญ๋Œ€ ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:55
The film, without his permission or even knowledge at first,
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๊ทธ ๋™์˜์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ๋ฝ, ํ˜น์€ ์•„์˜ˆ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ
12:58
found its way onto the Internet.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”์ฃ .
13:00
Hugely viral video. Extremely popular.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ „์—ผ์ ์ธ ์˜์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
Totally mortifying to him.
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์™„์ „ ๊ตด์š•์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
13:06
Now, it being encyclopedic and all,
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์ž, ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „์ด๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ
13:08
Wikipedia had to do an article about Star Wars Kid.
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€์›Œ์ฆˆํ‚ค๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
Every article on Wikipedia has a corresponding discussion page,
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ๋ก ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
and on the discussion page
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ† ๋ก  ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—๋Š”
13:15
they had extensive argument among the Wikipedians
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์ธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฒฉ๋ก ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
13:18
as to whether to have his real name
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ค๋ช…์„
13:22
featured in the article.
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ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
You could see arguments on both sides.
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์–‘์ชฝ์˜ ๋…ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:26
Here is just a snapshot of some of them.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์บก์ณ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
They eventually decided --
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ๋‚œ ๋ฐ”๋Š”
13:30
not unanimously by any means --
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:32
not to include his real name,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ค๋ช…์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
despite the fact that nearly all media reports did.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ๋ก ๋ณด๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:37
They just didn't think it was the right thing to do.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
It was an act of kindness.
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์นœ์ ˆ ํ–‰์œ„์˜€์ฃ .
13:42
And to this day, the page for Star Wars Kid
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์Šคํƒ€์›Œ์ฆˆํ‚ค๋“œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€
13:44
has a warning right at the top
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์ƒ๋‹จ ์šฐ์ธก์— ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
that says you are not to put his real name on the page.
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์ด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ค๋ช…์„ ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:49
If you do, it will be removed immediately,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์‚ญ์ œ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ,
13:51
removed by people who may have disagreed with the original decision,
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์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์›๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
13:55
but respect the outcome
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
13:58
and work to make it stay
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
because they believe in something bigger than their own opinion.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
As a lawyer, I've got to say these guys are inventing the law
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๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ๋ง์€, ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒ•๋ฅ , ์„ ๋ก€๊ตฌ์† ๋ญ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
14:07
and stare decisis and stuff like that as they go along.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ์ • ์†์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
Now, this isn't just limited to Wikipedia.
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์ž, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์—๋งŒ ํ•œ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
We see it on blogs all over the place.
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์˜ค๋งŒ๊ตฐ๋ฐ์˜ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋“ค์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:16
I mean, this is a 2005 Business Week cover.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 2005๋…„ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์œ„ํฌ์ง€ ํ‘œ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
Wow. Blogs are going to change your business.
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์šฐ์™€. ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋„ค์š”.
14:21
I know they look silly. And sure they look silly.
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๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
14:24
They start off on all sorts of goofy projects.
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์˜จ๊ฐ– ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณค ํ•˜์ฃ .
14:26
This is my favorite goofy blog:
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
14:28
Catsthatlooklikehitler.com.
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Catsthatlooklikehitler.com (ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ๋‹ฎ์€๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋‹ท์ปด)์ด์ฃ .
14:31
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:32
You send in a picture of your cat
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
if it looks like Hitler.
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ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋ฉด.
14:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:44
Yeah, I know. Number four, it's like, can you imagine
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์˜ˆ, ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์š”. ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:46
coming home to that cat everyday?
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๋งค์ผ ์ง‘์— ์˜ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งž์ดํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:48
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:49
But then, you can see the same kind of whimsy
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„
14:53
applied to people.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
So this is a blog devoted to unfortunate portraiture.
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์ด ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป ์ฐํžŒ ์ธ๋ฌผ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ „๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
14:59
This one says, "Bucolic meadow with split-rail fence.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋‹ด์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชฉ๊ฐ€์  ์ดˆ์›.
15:02
Is that an animal carcass behind her?"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋™๋ฌผ ์‹œ์ฒด?"
15:04
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:05
You're like, "You know? I think that's an animal carcass
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
15:07
behind her."
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"์—ฌ์ž ๋’ค์— ๋™๋ฌผ ์‹œ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ !"
15:09
And it's one after the other.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์šฑ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
But then you hit this one. Image removed at request of owner.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ฃ . "์†Œ์œ ์ž ์š”์ฒญ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์‚ญ์ œ"
15:15
That's it. Image removed at request of owner.
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์˜ˆ. ์†Œ์œ ์ž์˜ ์š”์ฒญ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ–ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
It turns out that somebody lampooned here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋†€๋ฆผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
15:19
wrote to the snarky guy that does the site,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ธ์žฅ์—๊ฒŒ
15:22
not with a legal threat, not with an offer of payment,
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๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ํ˜‘๋ฐ•๋„ ๊ธˆ์ „์  ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
15:25
but just said, "Hey, would you mind?"
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"์ข€ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”" ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋”” ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
The person said, "No, that's fine."
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์ฃผ์ธ์žฅ ์—ญ์‹œ "์•„ ์˜ˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ฃ " ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:29
I believe we can build architectures online
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“ค์„
15:33
to make such human requests
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ˆ˜์›”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
15:36
that much easier to do,
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๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:38
to make it possible for all of us to see
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ธ
15:40
that the data we encounter online
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ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
15:42
is just stuff on which to click and paste and copy and forward
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์  ๊ฐ์ •๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
15:46
that actually represents human emotion
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
15:49
and endeavor and impact,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€
15:51
and to be able to have an ethical moment
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๋•์  ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€
15:53
where we decide how we want to treat it.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
I even think it can go into the real world.
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์ €๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋„ ํ†ต์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
We can end up, as we get in a world with more censors --
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๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ,
16:02
everywhere there is something filming you, maybe putting it online --
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—๋„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
16:05
to be able to have a little clip you could wear
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"์ €๊ธฐ์š”, ์ €๋Š” ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํžŒ
16:07
that says, "You know, I'd rather not."
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๋ฑƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜ท์— ๋‹ฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
16:09
And then have technology
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๋Š” ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์—
16:12
that the person taking the photo will know later,
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๊ทธ ํŠน์ •์ธ์ด ๊ทธ ์ดฌ์˜๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์–ด๋”” ํฐ ๊ณณ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
16:14
this person requested to be contacted
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
16:16
before this goes anywhere big,
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
16:18
if you don't mind.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
And that person taking the photo can make a decision
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€ํƒ์„
16:22
about how and whether to respect it.
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๋“ค์–ด์ค„์ง€, ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด์ค„์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
16:26
In the real world, we see filtering of this sort
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์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ๋ณด์‹  ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง์ด
16:28
taking place in Pakistan.
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
16:30
And we now have means that we can build, like this system,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
16:34
so that people can report the filtering as they encounter it.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง์— ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:37
And it's no longer just a "I don't know. I couldn't get there. I guess I'll move on,"
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ "๋ชฐ๋ผ. ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋˜ ๊ณณ์— ๋ชป๊ฐ”์–ด. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ€๋ณผ๊นŒ" ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:41
but suddenly a collective consciousness
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ, ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์  ์˜์‹์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜์„œ
16:43
about what is blocked and censored
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์—ด๋˜๋Š”์ง€
16:46
where online.
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์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
In fact, talk about technology imitating life
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ 
16:52
imitating tech, or maybe it's the other way around.
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
An NYU researcher here took little cardboard robots
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๋‰ด์š•๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด, ๋ฏธ์†Œ์ง“๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋Š”
16:58
with smiley faces on them,
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๊ณจํŒ์ง€ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
17:00
and a motor that just drove them forward
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ 
17:03
and a flag sticking out the back
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๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ ํ˜€์žˆ๋Š” ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์„
17:05
with a desired destination.
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๋’ค์— ๊ฝ‚์•„๋†“์•˜์ฃ .
17:07
It said, "Can you help me get there?"
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"๊ทธ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ค๋ž˜์š”?" ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
Released it on the streets of Manhattan.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งจํ•˜ํƒ„ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ํ’€์–ด๋†จ์ฃ .
17:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
17:15
They'll fund anything these days.
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์š”์ฆ˜์€ ๋ณ„๋ณ„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋‚ด์ฃ .
17:18
Here is the chart of over 43 people
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ 43๋ช…์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
helping to steer the robot that could not steer
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์žก์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์žก์•„์ฃผ์–ด
17:23
and get it on its way, from one corner
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ์Šคํ€˜์–ด ๊ณต์›์˜ ํ•œ์ชฝ ์ฝ”๋„ˆ์—์„œ
17:25
from one corner of Washington Square Park
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ ์ฝ”๋„ˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
17:27
to another.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
17:29
That leads to example number three: hitchhiking.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ดํ‚น์ด์ฃ .
17:33
I'm not so sure hitchhiking is dead.
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์ €๋Š” ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ดํ‚น์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ํ’์Šต์ธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
Why? There is the Craigslist rideshare board.
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์™œ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”? Craiglist์˜ ์นดํ’€ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
17:40
If it were called the Craigslist hitchhiking board,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ ๋ช…์นญ์ด 'ํžˆ์น˜ํ•˜์ดํ‚น ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ'์ด์—‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:43
tumbleweeds would be blowing through it.
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ํ™ฉ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ๋ฒŒํŒ์ด ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
17:45
But it's the rideshare board, and it's basically the same thing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์นดํ’€ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
17:48
Now why are people using it?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์• ์šฉํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
17:50
I don't know. Maybe they think that, uh, killers don't plan ahead?
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ด์ธ๋งˆ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์ „๊ณ„ํš ๋”ฐ์œ„๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
17:53
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
17:59
No. I think the actual answer is
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ง„์งœ ํ•ด๋‹ต์€
18:01
that once you reframe it,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‹€์ง“๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
18:03
once you get out of one set of stale expectations
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์ฆ‰ ํ•œ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์œต์„ฑํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
18:06
from a failed project that had its day,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์— ์™€์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ์—์„œ๋“  ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์™€ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋œ
18:09
but now, for whatever reason, is tarnished,
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ง๋œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋˜์ง€๋ฉด
18:11
you can actually rekindle the kind of human kindness and sharing
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์นœ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ์ •์‹ ์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์—ฌ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:15
that something like this on Craigslist represents.
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Craiglist์˜ ์ด ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
18:18
And then you can highlight it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
into something like,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด
18:22
yes, CouchSurfing.org.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”, CouchSurfing.org ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
CouchSurfing: one guy's idea
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด ์นด์šฐ์น˜์„œํ•‘์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€
18:28
to, at last, put together people who are going somewhere far away
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์–ด๋””๋ก ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋– ๋‚˜์„œ
18:31
and would like to sleep on a stranger's couch for free,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์ด์˜ ์†ŒํŒŒ์—์„œ ๊ณต์งœ๋กœ ์ž๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
18:36
with people who live far away,
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์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
18:38
and would like someone they don't know to sleep on their couch for free.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ž๊ธฐ ์†ŒํŒŒ์— ๊ณต์งœ๋กœ ์žฌ์›Œ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
18:42
It's a brilliant idea.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:46
It's a bee that, yes, flies.
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์˜ˆ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ... ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋•…๋ฒŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
Amazing how many successful couch surfings there have been.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์นด์šฐ์น˜์„œํ•‘์ด ์ด๋ค„์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
18:51
And if you're wondering, no, there have been no known fatalities
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์นด์šฐ์น˜์„œํ•‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ
18:55
associated with CouchSurfing.
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์‚ฌ๋ง์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์•„์ง ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:57
Although, to be sure, the reputation system, at the moment,
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๋น„๋ก ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋ช…์„ฑ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€
19:00
works that you leave your report after the couch surfing experience,
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์นด์šฐ์น˜์„œํ•‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•œ ํ›„ ํ›„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ํ•ด๋†“์€ ๋งŒํผ
19:03
so there may be some selection bias there.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ‘œ์ง‘ ํŽธํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
19:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
19:10
So, my urging, my thought,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”, ์ฆ‰ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
19:14
is that the Internet isn't just a pile of information.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด๋ž€ ๊ทธ์ € ์Œ“์•„๋†“์€ ์ •๋ณด๋”๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:17
It's not a noun. It's a verb.
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'๋ช…์‚ฌ'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋™์‚ฌ'์ฃ .
19:20
And when you go on it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
19:22
if you listen and see carefully and closely enough,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:26
what you will discover
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๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€
19:28
is that that information
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
19:30
is saying something to you.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:32
What it's saying to you is what we heard yesterday,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๋„ค๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ „์— ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
Demosthenes was saying to us.
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๋ฐ๋ชจ์Šคํ…Œ๋„ค์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
19:37
It's saying, "Let's march." Thank you very much.
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค". ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:41
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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