Jonathan Zittrain: The Web as random acts of kindness

144,910 views ・ 2009-09-22

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:12
My name is Jonathan Zittrain,
0
12160
2000
00:14
and in my recent work I've been a bit of a pessimist.
1
14160
3000
00:17
So I thought this morning I would try to be the optimist,
2
17160
4000
00:21
and give reason to hope
3
21160
2000
00:23
for the future of the Internet
4
23160
2000
00:25
by drawing upon its present.
5
25160
3000
00:28
Now, it may seem like there is less hope today than there was before.
6
28160
4000
00:32
People are less kind. There is less trust around.
7
32160
2000
00:34
I don't know. As a simple example,
8
34160
4000
00:38
we could run a test here.
9
38160
2000
00:40
How many people have ever hitchhiked?
10
40160
7000
00:47
I know. How many people have hitchhiked
11
47160
3000
00:50
within the past 10 years?
12
50160
5000
00:55
Right. So what has changed?
13
55160
3000
00:58
It's not better public transportation.
14
58160
3000
01:01
So that's one reason to think that we might be
15
61160
3000
01:04
declensionists, going in the wrong direction.
16
64160
3000
01:07
But I want to give you three examples
17
67160
3000
01:10
to try to say that the trend line
18
70160
3000
01:13
is in fact in the other direction,
19
73160
2000
01:15
and it's the Internet helping it along.
20
75160
3000
01:18
So example number one: the Internet itself.
21
78160
3000
01:21
These are three of the founders of the Internet.
22
81160
4000
01:25
They were actually high school classmates together
23
85160
2000
01:27
at the same high school in suburban Los Angles in the 1960s.
24
87160
4000
01:31
You might have had a French club or a Debate club.
25
91160
3000
01:34
They had a "Let's build a global network" club,
26
94160
2000
01:36
and it worked out very well.
27
96160
3000
01:39
They are pictured here for their 25th anniversary
28
99160
3000
01:42
Newsweek retrospective on the Internet.
29
102160
3000
01:45
And as you can tell,
30
105160
2000
01:47
they are basically goof balls.
31
107160
3000
01:50
They had one great limitation
32
110160
3000
01:53
and one great freedom
33
113160
2000
01:55
as they tried to conceive of a global network.
34
115160
3000
01:58
The limitation was that they didn't have any money.
35
118160
4000
02:02
No particular amount of capital to invest,
36
122160
3000
02:05
of the sort that for a physical network
37
125160
2000
02:07
you might need for trucks and people
38
127160
2000
02:09
and a hub to move packages around overnight.
39
129160
3000
02:12
They had none of that.
40
132160
2000
02:14
But they had an amazing freedom,
41
134160
2000
02:16
which was they didn't have to make any money from it.
42
136160
4000
02:20
The Internet has no business plan, never did.
43
140160
4000
02:24
No CEO,
44
144160
2000
02:26
no firm responsible, singly, for building it.
45
146160
4000
02:30
Instead, it's folks getting together
46
150160
2000
02:32
to do something for fun,
47
152160
3000
02:35
rather than because they were told to,
48
155160
2000
02:37
or because they were expecting to make a mint off of it.
49
157160
4000
02:41
That ethos led to a network architecture,
50
161160
3000
02:44
a structure that was unlike
51
164160
2000
02:46
other digital networks then or since.
52
166160
4000
02:50
So unusual, in fact,
53
170160
2000
02:52
that it was said that it's not clear the Internet could work.
54
172160
4000
02:56
As late as 1992, IBM was known to say
55
176160
3000
02:59
you couldn't possibly build a corporate network
56
179160
3000
03:02
using Internet Protocol.
57
182160
3000
03:05
And even some Internet engineers today say
58
185160
2000
03:07
the whole thing is a pilot project and the jury is still out.
59
187160
4000
03:11
(Laughter)
60
191160
1000
03:12
That's why the mascot of Internet engineering,
61
192160
4000
03:16
if it had one, is said to be the bumblebee.
62
196160
3000
03:19
Because the fur-to-wingspan ratio of the bumblebee
63
199160
3000
03:22
is far too large for it to be able to fly.
64
202160
2000
03:24
And yet, mysteriously, somehow the bee flies.
65
204160
5000
03:29
I'm pleased to say that, thanks to massive government funding,
66
209160
3000
03:32
about three years ago we finally figured out
67
212160
3000
03:35
how bees fly.
68
215160
2000
03:37
(Laughter)
69
217160
2000
03:39
It's very complicated, but it turns out they
70
219160
2000
03:41
flap their wings very quickly.
71
221160
3000
03:44
(Laughter)
72
224160
3000
03:47
So what is this bizarre architecture configuration
73
227160
4000
03:51
that makes the network sing and be so unusual?
74
231160
3000
03:54
Well, to move data around
75
234160
2000
03:56
from one place to another -- again, it's not like a package courier.
76
236160
3000
03:59
It's more like a mosh pit.
77
239160
3000
04:02
(Laughter)
78
242160
1000
04:03
Imagine, you being part of a network
79
243160
2000
04:05
where, you're maybe at a sporting event,
80
245160
3000
04:08
and you're sitting in rows like this,
81
248160
2000
04:10
and somebody asks for a beer,
82
250160
2000
04:12
and it gets handed at the aisle.
83
252160
3000
04:15
And your neighborly duty
84
255160
2000
04:17
is to pass the beer along,
85
257160
2000
04:19
at risk to your own trousers,
86
259160
3000
04:22
to get it to the destination.
87
262160
2000
04:24
No one pays you to do this.
88
264160
2000
04:26
It's just part of your neighborly duty.
89
266160
3000
04:29
And, in a way, that's exactly how packets move around the Internet,
90
269160
4000
04:33
sometimes in as many as 25 or 30 hops,
91
273160
2000
04:35
with the intervening entities
92
275160
2000
04:37
that are passing the data around
93
277160
2000
04:39
having no particular contractual or legal obligation
94
279160
4000
04:43
to the original sender
95
283160
2000
04:45
or to the receiver.
96
285160
3000
04:48
Now, of course, in a mosh pit it's hard to specify a destination.
97
288160
4000
04:52
You need a lot of trust,
98
292160
2000
04:54
but it's not like, "I'm trying to get to Pensacola, please."
99
294160
3000
04:57
So the Internet needs addressing and directions.
100
297160
4000
05:01
It turns out there is no one overall map of the Internet.
101
301160
4000
05:05
Instead, again, it is as if we are all sitting together in a theater,
102
305160
3000
05:08
but we can only see amidst the fog
103
308160
3000
05:11
the people immediately around us.
104
311160
2000
05:13
So what do we do to figure out who is where?
105
313160
3000
05:16
We turn to the person on the right,
106
316160
2000
05:18
and we tell that person what we see on our left,
107
318160
3000
05:21
and vice versa.
108
321160
2000
05:23
And they can lather, rinse, repeat. And before you know it,
109
323160
2000
05:25
you have a general sense of where everything is.
110
325160
3000
05:28
This is how Internet addressing and routing actually work.
111
328160
5000
05:33
This is a system that relies on kindness and trust,
112
333160
4000
05:37
which also makes it very delicate and vulnerable.
113
337160
3000
05:40
In rare but striking instances,
114
340160
2000
05:42
a single lie told by just one entity
115
342160
3000
05:45
in this honeycomb
116
345160
2000
05:47
can lead to real trouble.
117
347160
2000
05:49
So, for example, last year,
118
349160
3000
05:52
the government of Pakistan
119
352160
2000
05:54
asked its Internet service providers there
120
354160
3000
05:57
to prevent citizens of Pakistan from seeing YouTube.
121
357160
4000
06:01
There was a video there that the government did not like
122
361160
2000
06:03
and they wanted to make sure it was blocked.
123
363160
2000
06:05
This is a common occurrence. Governments everywhere
124
365160
2000
06:07
are often trying to block
125
367160
2000
06:09
and filter and censor content on the Internet.
126
369160
3000
06:12
Well this one ISP in Pakistan
127
372160
2000
06:14
chose to effectuate the block for its subscribers
128
374160
3000
06:17
in a rather unusual way.
129
377160
3000
06:20
It advertised --
130
380160
2000
06:22
the way that you might be asked, if you were part of the Internet,
131
382160
3000
06:25
to declare what you see near you -- it advertised
132
385160
2000
06:27
that near it, in fact, it had suddenly awakened to find
133
387160
5000
06:32
that it was YouTube.
134
392160
2000
06:34
"That's right," it said, "I am YouTube."
135
394160
3000
06:37
Which meant that packets of data
136
397160
2000
06:39
from subscribers going to YouTube
137
399160
2000
06:41
stopped at the ISP, since they thought they were already there,
138
401160
3000
06:44
and the ISP threw them away unopened
139
404160
2000
06:46
because the point was to block it.
140
406160
2000
06:48
But it didn't stop there.
141
408160
2000
06:50
You see, that announcement
142
410160
2000
06:52
went one click out,
143
412160
2000
06:54
which got reverberated, one click out.
144
414160
3000
06:57
And it turns out that as you look
145
417160
2000
06:59
at the postmortem of this event,
146
419160
2000
07:01
you have at one moment
147
421160
2000
07:03
perfectly working YouTube.
148
423160
2000
07:05
Then, at moment number two,
149
425160
2000
07:07
you have the fake announcement go out.
150
427160
3000
07:10
And within two minutes,
151
430160
2000
07:12
it reverberates around
152
432160
2000
07:14
and YouTube is blocked everywhere in the world.
153
434160
3000
07:17
If you were sitting in Oxford, England, trying to get to YouTube,
154
437160
3000
07:20
your packets were going to Pakistan
155
440160
2000
07:22
and they weren't coming back.
156
442160
3000
07:25
Now just think about that.
157
445160
2000
07:27
One of the most popular websites in the world,
158
447160
2000
07:29
run by the most powerful company in the world,
159
449160
2000
07:31
and there was nothing that YouTube or Google
160
451160
4000
07:35
were particularly privileged to do about it.
161
455160
3000
07:38
And yet, somehow, within about two hours,
162
458160
4000
07:42
the problem was fixed.
163
462160
2000
07:44
How did this happen?
164
464160
2000
07:46
Well, for a big clue, we turn to NANOG.
165
466160
3000
07:49
The North American Network Operators Group,
166
469160
3000
07:52
a group of people who,
167
472160
2000
07:54
on a beautiful day outside,
168
474160
2000
07:56
enter into a windowless room,
169
476160
2000
07:58
at their terminals
170
478160
2000
08:00
reading email and messages
171
480160
3000
08:03
in fixed proportion font, like this,
172
483160
4000
08:07
and they talk about networks.
173
487160
2000
08:09
And some of them are mid-level employees at Internet service providers
174
489160
2000
08:11
around the world.
175
491160
2000
08:13
And here is the message where one of them says,
176
493160
2000
08:15
"Looks like we've got a live one. We have a hijacking of YouTube!
177
495160
3000
08:18
This is not a drill. It's not just the cluelessness
178
498160
3000
08:21
of YouTube engineers. I promise.
179
501160
2000
08:23
Something is up in Pakistan."
180
503160
2000
08:25
And they came together to help find the problem and fix it.
181
505160
4000
08:29
So it's kind of like if your house catches on fire.
182
509160
3000
08:32
The bad news is there is no fire brigade.
183
512160
4000
08:36
The good news is random people apparate from nowhere,
184
516160
3000
08:39
put out the fire and leave without expecting payment or praise.
185
519160
4000
08:43
(Applause)
186
523160
5000
08:48
I was trying to think of the right model to describe
187
528160
2000
08:50
this form of random acts of kindness
188
530160
2000
08:52
by geeky strangers.
189
532160
2000
08:54
(Laughter)
190
534160
5000
08:59
You know, it's just like the hail goes out
191
539160
3000
09:02
and people are ready to help.
192
542160
2000
09:04
And it turns out this model is everywhere, once you start looking for it.
193
544160
4000
09:08
Example number two: Wikipedia.
194
548160
3000
09:11
If a man named Jimbo came up to you in 2001
195
551160
3000
09:14
and said, "I've got a great idea! We start with seven articles
196
554160
3000
09:17
that anybody can edit anything, at any time,
197
557160
2000
09:19
and we'll get a great encyclopedia! Eh?"
198
559160
3000
09:22
Right. Dumbest idea ever.
199
562160
4000
09:26
(Laughter)
200
566160
1000
09:27
In fact, Wikipedia is an idea so profoundly stupid
201
567160
5000
09:32
that even Jimbo never had it.
202
572160
3000
09:35
Jimbo's idea was for Nupedia.
203
575160
2000
09:37
It was going to be totally traditional. He would pay people money
204
577160
2000
09:39
because he was feeling like a good guy,
205
579160
2000
09:41
and the money would go to the people
206
581160
2000
09:43
and they would write the articles.
207
583160
2000
09:45
The wiki was introduced
208
585160
2000
09:47
so others could make suggestions on edits --
209
587160
2000
09:49
as almost an afterthought, a back room.
210
589160
2000
09:51
And then it turns out the back room grew
211
591160
3000
09:54
to encompass the entire project.
212
594160
2000
09:56
And today, Wikipedia is so ubiquitous
213
596160
3000
09:59
that you can now find it on Chinese restaurant menus.
214
599160
4000
10:03
(Laughter)
215
603160
6000
10:09
I am not making this up.
216
609160
2000
10:11
(Laughter)
217
611160
2000
10:13
I have a theory I can explain later.
218
613160
3000
10:16
Suffice it to say for now that I prefer my Wikipedia
219
616160
2000
10:18
stir-fried with pimentos.
220
618160
2000
10:20
(Laughter)
221
620160
2000
10:22
But now, Wikipedia doesn't just spontaneously work.
222
622160
3000
10:25
How does it really work? It turns out
223
625160
2000
10:27
there is a back room that is kind of windowless,
224
627160
2000
10:29
metaphorically speaking.
225
629160
2000
10:31
And there are a bunch of people who, on a sunny day,
226
631160
2000
10:33
would rather be inside
227
633160
3000
10:36
and monitoring this, the administrator's notice board,
228
636160
2000
10:38
itself a wiki page that anyone can edit.
229
638160
3000
10:41
And you just bring your problems to the page.
230
641160
3000
10:44
It's reminiscent of the description of history
231
644160
3000
10:47
as "one damn thing after another," right?
232
647160
3000
10:50
Number one: "Tendentious editing by user Andyvphil."
233
650160
4000
10:54
Apologies, Andyvphil, if you're here today.
234
654160
3000
10:57
I'm not taking sides.
235
657160
2000
10:59
"Anon attacking me for reverting."
236
659160
3000
11:02
Here is my favorite: "A long story."
237
662160
2000
11:04
(Laughter)
238
664160
1000
11:05
It turns out there are more people checking this page for problems
239
665160
4000
11:09
and wanting to solve them
240
669160
2000
11:11
than there are problems arising on the page.
241
671160
3000
11:14
And that's what keeps Wikipedia afloat.
242
674160
3000
11:17
At all times, Wikipedia is approximately
243
677160
3000
11:20
45 minutes away from utter destruction. Right?
244
680160
5000
11:25
There are spambots crawling it, trying to turn every article
245
685160
2000
11:27
into an ad for a Rolex watch.
246
687160
2000
11:29
(Laughter)
247
689160
1000
11:30
It's this thin geeky line
248
690160
3000
11:33
that keeps it going.
249
693160
2000
11:35
Not because it's a job,
250
695160
2000
11:37
not because it's a career,
251
697160
2000
11:39
but because it's a calling.
252
699160
2000
11:41
It's something they feel impelled to do
253
701160
3000
11:44
because they care about it.
254
704160
2000
11:46
They even gather together in such groups
255
706160
2000
11:48
as the Counter-Vandalism Unit --
256
708160
2000
11:50
"Civility, Maturity, Responsibility" --
257
710160
3000
11:53
to just clean up the pages.
258
713160
2000
11:55
It does make you wonder if there were, for instance,
259
715160
3000
11:58
a massive, extremely popular Star Trek convention one weekend,
260
718160
4000
12:02
who would be minding the store?
261
722160
2000
12:04
(Laughter)
262
724160
5000
12:09
So what we see --
263
729160
2000
12:11
(Laughter)
264
731160
3000
12:14
what we see in this phenomenon
265
734160
4000
12:18
is something that the crazed, late traffic engineer
266
738160
4000
12:22
Hans Monderman discovered in the Netherlands,
267
742160
2000
12:24
and here in South Kensington, that sometimes
268
744160
2000
12:26
if you remove some of the external rules and signs and everything else,
269
746160
5000
12:31
you can actually end up
270
751160
2000
12:33
with a safer environment in which people can function,
271
753160
3000
12:36
and one in which they are more human with each other.
272
756160
3000
12:39
They're realizing that they
273
759160
2000
12:41
have to take responsibility for what they do.
274
761160
2000
12:43
And Wikipedia has embraced this.
275
763160
3000
12:46
Some of you may remember Star Wars Kid,
276
766160
3000
12:49
the poor teenager who filmed himself with a golf ball retriever,
277
769160
4000
12:53
acting as if it were a light saber.
278
773160
2000
12:55
The film, without his permission or even knowledge at first,
279
775160
3000
12:58
found its way onto the Internet.
280
778160
2000
13:00
Hugely viral video. Extremely popular.
281
780160
3000
13:03
Totally mortifying to him.
282
783160
3000
13:06
Now, it being encyclopedic and all,
283
786160
2000
13:08
Wikipedia had to do an article about Star Wars Kid.
284
788160
3000
13:11
Every article on Wikipedia has a corresponding discussion page,
285
791160
2000
13:13
and on the discussion page
286
793160
2000
13:15
they had extensive argument among the Wikipedians
287
795160
3000
13:18
as to whether to have his real name
288
798160
4000
13:22
featured in the article.
289
802160
2000
13:24
You could see arguments on both sides.
290
804160
2000
13:26
Here is just a snapshot of some of them.
291
806160
2000
13:28
They eventually decided --
292
808160
2000
13:30
not unanimously by any means --
293
810160
2000
13:32
not to include his real name,
294
812160
2000
13:34
despite the fact that nearly all media reports did.
295
814160
3000
13:37
They just didn't think it was the right thing to do.
296
817160
3000
13:40
It was an act of kindness.
297
820160
2000
13:42
And to this day, the page for Star Wars Kid
298
822160
2000
13:44
has a warning right at the top
299
824160
2000
13:46
that says you are not to put his real name on the page.
300
826160
3000
13:49
If you do, it will be removed immediately,
301
829160
2000
13:51
removed by people who may have disagreed with the original decision,
302
831160
4000
13:55
but respect the outcome
303
835160
3000
13:58
and work to make it stay
304
838160
2000
14:00
because they believe in something bigger than their own opinion.
305
840160
4000
14:04
As a lawyer, I've got to say these guys are inventing the law
306
844160
3000
14:07
and stare decisis and stuff like that as they go along.
307
847160
4000
14:11
Now, this isn't just limited to Wikipedia.
308
851160
3000
14:14
We see it on blogs all over the place.
309
854160
2000
14:16
I mean, this is a 2005 Business Week cover.
310
856160
3000
14:19
Wow. Blogs are going to change your business.
311
859160
2000
14:21
I know they look silly. And sure they look silly.
312
861160
3000
14:24
They start off on all sorts of goofy projects.
313
864160
2000
14:26
This is my favorite goofy blog:
314
866160
2000
14:28
Catsthatlooklikehitler.com.
315
868160
3000
14:31
(Laughter)
316
871160
1000
14:32
You send in a picture of your cat
317
872160
3000
14:35
if it looks like Hitler.
318
875160
2000
14:37
(Laughter)
319
877160
7000
14:44
Yeah, I know. Number four, it's like, can you imagine
320
884160
2000
14:46
coming home to that cat everyday?
321
886160
2000
14:48
(Laughter)
322
888160
1000
14:49
But then, you can see the same kind of whimsy
323
889160
4000
14:53
applied to people.
324
893160
2000
14:55
So this is a blog devoted to unfortunate portraiture.
325
895160
4000
14:59
This one says, "Bucolic meadow with split-rail fence.
326
899160
3000
15:02
Is that an animal carcass behind her?"
327
902160
2000
15:04
(Laughter)
328
904160
1000
15:05
You're like, "You know? I think that's an animal carcass
329
905160
2000
15:07
behind her."
330
907160
2000
15:09
And it's one after the other.
331
909160
2000
15:11
But then you hit this one. Image removed at request of owner.
332
911160
4000
15:15
That's it. Image removed at request of owner.
333
915160
2000
15:17
It turns out that somebody lampooned here
334
917160
2000
15:19
wrote to the snarky guy that does the site,
335
919160
3000
15:22
not with a legal threat, not with an offer of payment,
336
922160
3000
15:25
but just said, "Hey, would you mind?"
337
925160
2000
15:27
The person said, "No, that's fine."
338
927160
2000
15:29
I believe we can build architectures online
339
929160
4000
15:33
to make such human requests
340
933160
3000
15:36
that much easier to do,
341
936160
2000
15:38
to make it possible for all of us to see
342
938160
2000
15:40
that the data we encounter online
343
940160
2000
15:42
is just stuff on which to click and paste and copy and forward
344
942160
4000
15:46
that actually represents human emotion
345
946160
3000
15:49
and endeavor and impact,
346
949160
2000
15:51
and to be able to have an ethical moment
347
951160
2000
15:53
where we decide how we want to treat it.
348
953160
3000
15:56
I even think it can go into the real world.
349
956160
3000
15:59
We can end up, as we get in a world with more censors --
350
959160
3000
16:02
everywhere there is something filming you, maybe putting it online --
351
962160
3000
16:05
to be able to have a little clip you could wear
352
965160
2000
16:07
that says, "You know, I'd rather not."
353
967160
2000
16:09
And then have technology
354
969160
3000
16:12
that the person taking the photo will know later,
355
972160
2000
16:14
this person requested to be contacted
356
974160
2000
16:16
before this goes anywhere big,
357
976160
2000
16:18
if you don't mind.
358
978160
2000
16:20
And that person taking the photo can make a decision
359
980160
2000
16:22
about how and whether to respect it.
360
982160
4000
16:26
In the real world, we see filtering of this sort
361
986160
2000
16:28
taking place in Pakistan.
362
988160
2000
16:30
And we now have means that we can build, like this system,
363
990160
4000
16:34
so that people can report the filtering as they encounter it.
364
994160
3000
16:37
And it's no longer just a "I don't know. I couldn't get there. I guess I'll move on,"
365
997160
4000
16:41
but suddenly a collective consciousness
366
1001160
2000
16:43
about what is blocked and censored
367
1003160
3000
16:46
where online.
368
1006160
2000
16:48
In fact, talk about technology imitating life
369
1008160
4000
16:52
imitating tech, or maybe it's the other way around.
370
1012160
3000
16:55
An NYU researcher here took little cardboard robots
371
1015160
3000
16:58
with smiley faces on them,
372
1018160
2000
17:00
and a motor that just drove them forward
373
1020160
3000
17:03
and a flag sticking out the back
374
1023160
2000
17:05
with a desired destination.
375
1025160
2000
17:07
It said, "Can you help me get there?"
376
1027160
2000
17:09
Released it on the streets of Manhattan.
377
1029160
4000
17:13
(Laughter)
378
1033160
2000
17:15
They'll fund anything these days.
379
1035160
3000
17:18
Here is the chart of over 43 people
380
1038160
2000
17:20
helping to steer the robot that could not steer
381
1040160
3000
17:23
and get it on its way, from one corner
382
1043160
2000
17:25
from one corner of Washington Square Park
383
1045160
2000
17:27
to another.
384
1047160
2000
17:29
That leads to example number three: hitchhiking.
385
1049160
4000
17:33
I'm not so sure hitchhiking is dead.
386
1053160
3000
17:36
Why? There is the Craigslist rideshare board.
387
1056160
4000
17:40
If it were called the Craigslist hitchhiking board,
388
1060160
3000
17:43
tumbleweeds would be blowing through it.
389
1063160
2000
17:45
But it's the rideshare board, and it's basically the same thing.
390
1065160
3000
17:48
Now why are people using it?
391
1068160
2000
17:50
I don't know. Maybe they think that, uh, killers don't plan ahead?
392
1070160
3000
17:53
(Laughter)
393
1073160
6000
17:59
No. I think the actual answer is
394
1079160
2000
18:01
that once you reframe it,
395
1081160
2000
18:03
once you get out of one set of stale expectations
396
1083160
3000
18:06
from a failed project that had its day,
397
1086160
3000
18:09
but now, for whatever reason, is tarnished,
398
1089160
2000
18:11
you can actually rekindle the kind of human kindness and sharing
399
1091160
4000
18:15
that something like this on Craigslist represents.
400
1095160
3000
18:18
And then you can highlight it
401
1098160
2000
18:20
into something like,
402
1100160
2000
18:22
yes, CouchSurfing.org.
403
1102160
3000
18:25
CouchSurfing: one guy's idea
404
1105160
3000
18:28
to, at last, put together people who are going somewhere far away
405
1108160
3000
18:31
and would like to sleep on a stranger's couch for free,
406
1111160
5000
18:36
with people who live far away,
407
1116160
2000
18:38
and would like someone they don't know to sleep on their couch for free.
408
1118160
4000
18:42
It's a brilliant idea.
409
1122160
4000
18:46
It's a bee that, yes, flies.
410
1126160
2000
18:48
Amazing how many successful couch surfings there have been.
411
1128160
3000
18:51
And if you're wondering, no, there have been no known fatalities
412
1131160
4000
18:55
associated with CouchSurfing.
413
1135160
2000
18:57
Although, to be sure, the reputation system, at the moment,
414
1137160
3000
19:00
works that you leave your report after the couch surfing experience,
415
1140160
3000
19:03
so there may be some selection bias there.
416
1143160
3000
19:06
(Laughter)
417
1146160
4000
19:10
So, my urging, my thought,
418
1150160
4000
19:14
is that the Internet isn't just a pile of information.
419
1154160
3000
19:17
It's not a noun. It's a verb.
420
1157160
3000
19:20
And when you go on it,
421
1160160
2000
19:22
if you listen and see carefully and closely enough,
422
1162160
4000
19:26
what you will discover
423
1166160
2000
19:28
is that that information
424
1168160
2000
19:30
is saying something to you.
425
1170160
2000
19:32
What it's saying to you is what we heard yesterday,
426
1172160
2000
19:34
Demosthenes was saying to us.
427
1174160
3000
19:37
It's saying, "Let's march." Thank you very much.
428
1177160
4000
19:41
(Applause)
429
1181160
2000
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7