Joel Levine: Why we need to go back to Mars

71,519 views ใƒป 2010-03-25

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sanghoon Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:15
I want to talk about 4.6 billion years of history
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46์–ต ๋…„์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
00:20
in 18 minutes.
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18๋ถ„์•ˆ์— ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:22
That's 300 million years per minute.
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๋ถ„๋‹น 3์–ต ๋…„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
Let's start with the first photograph NASA obtained
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NASA๊ฐ€ ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ
00:29
of planet Mars.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
00:31
This is fly-by, Mariner IV.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ 1965๋…„์— ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋„ˆ 4ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€
00:33
It was taken in 1965.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์„ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
When this picture appeared,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์ €๋ช… ๊ณผํ•™์ €๋„์— ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
00:38
that well-known scientific journal,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์ €๋ช… ๊ณผํ•™์ €๋„์— ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
00:41
The New York Times, wrote in its editorial,
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๋‰ด์š•ํƒ€์ž„์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์„ค์„ ์‹ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
"Mars is uninteresting.
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"ํ™”์„ฑ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.
00:46
It's a dead world. NASA should not spend
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ฃฝ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ, NASA๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ
00:49
any time or effort studying Mars anymore."
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ํ™”์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค."
00:53
Fortunately, our leaders in Washington
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๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด NASA ๋ณธ๋ถ€์˜
00:55
at NASA headquarters knew better
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์ง€๋„๋ถ€๋Š” ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:57
and we began a very extensive study
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๊ทธ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ด ๋ถ‰์€ ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:01
of the red planet.
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๋”์šฑ ํญ๋„“์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
One of the key questions in all of science,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:07
"Is there life outside of Earth?"
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"์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ–์— ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?" ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
I believe that Mars is the most likely target
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
01:13
for life outside the Earth.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ํ™”์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
I'm going to show you in a few minutes
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ
01:17
some amazing measurements that suggest
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
01:19
there may be life on Mars.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ด€์ธก๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
But let me start with a Viking photograph.
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๋ฐ”์ดํ‚น(Viking)ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
01:25
This is a composite taken by Viking in 1976.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”์ดํ‚นํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ 1976 ๋…„์— ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Viking was developed and managed at the
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๋ฐ”์ดํ‚นํ˜ธ๋Š” NASA ๋žญ๋ฆฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ
01:32
NASA Langley Research Center.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์šด์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
We sent two orbiters and two landers in the summer of 1976.
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1976 ๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ๊ถค๋„ํƒ์‚ฌ์„  2 ๋Œ€์™€ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„  2 ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
01:38
We had four spacecraft, two around Mars,
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4 ๋Œ€์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•ด 2 ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ถค๋„์—,
01:42
two on the surface --
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2 ๋Œ€๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ณด๋‚ธ
01:44
an amazing accomplishment.
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์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜€์ฃ .
01:46
This is the first photograph taken from
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์–ด๋Š ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜
01:48
the surface of any planet.
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
01:50
This is a Viking Lander photograph
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ”์ดํ‚น ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์ด ์ฐ์€
01:52
of the surface of Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
And yes, the red planet is red.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ . ๋ถ‰์€ ํ–‰์„ฑ์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋„ ๋ถ‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
Mars is half the size of the Earth,
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ํ™”์„ฑ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
but because two-thirds of the Earth is covered by water,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด 2/3๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฎํ˜€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:03
the land area on Mars
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์€
02:06
is comparable to the land area on Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์œก์ง€ ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฌ์ค„๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
So, Mars is a pretty big place even though it's half the size.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ™”์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋„“์€ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
We have obtained topographic measurements
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜• ๊ด€์ธก ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
02:16
of the surface of Mars. We understand
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ณ ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ
02:18
the elevation differences.
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ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
We know a lot about Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:22
Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system,
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ํ™”์„ฑ์—๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ™”์‚ฐ์ธ
02:26
Olympus Mons.
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์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ‘ธ์Šค ๋ชฌ์Šค(Olympus Mons)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
Mars has the Grand Canyon
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์˜ ๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ ์บ๋…„์ด๋ผ ํ• ๋งŒํ•œ
02:30
of the solar system, Valles Marineris.
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ์Šค ํ˜‘๊ณก(Valles Marineris)๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Very, very interesting planet.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด์ฃ .
02:35
Mars has the largest
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ํ™”์„ฑ์—๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€
02:38
impact crater in the solar system,
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์ถฉ๋Œ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์ธ
02:40
Hellas Basin.
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ํ—ฌ๋ผ์Šค ๋ถ„์ง€(Hellas Basin)๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:42
This is 2,000 miles across.
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์ง๊ฒฝ์ด 3,200 km๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
If you happened to be on Mars
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์ด ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
02:46
when this impactor hit,
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์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:48
it was a really bad day on Mars.
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์ •๋ง ํ™”์„ฑ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๋‚ ์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:52
This is Olympus Mons.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ‘ธ์Šค ๋ชฌ์Šค ํ™”์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
This is bigger than the state of Arizona.
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์• ๋ฆฌ์กฐ๋‚˜์ฃผ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ์ฃ .
02:57
Volcanoes are important, because volcanoes
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ํ™”์‚ฐ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:59
produce atmospheres and they produce oceans.
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ํ™”์‚ฐ์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
We're looking at Valles Marineris,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋„ˆ๋ฆฌ์Šค ํ˜‘๊ณก์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
03:05
the largest canyon in the solar system,
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ˜‘๊ณก์œผ๋กœ
03:07
superimposed on a map of the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ง€๋„์™€ ๊ฒน์ณ์งˆ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
3,000 miles across.
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4,800 km์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ฃ .
03:12
One of the most intriguing features about Mars,
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”,
03:15
the National Academy of Science says
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๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณผํ•™์›(NAS)์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ 10๋Œ€ ์‹ ๋น„ ์ค‘์—
03:17
one of the 10 major mysteries of the space age,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:20
is why certain areas of Mars
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์™œ ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ์ด
03:23
are so highly magnetized.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์ž์„ฑ์„ ๋„๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
We call this crustal magnetism.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ฐ ์ž๊ธฐ(crustal magnetism)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:27
There are regions on Mars, where, for some reason --
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ํ™”์„ฑ์—๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ,
03:30
we don't understand why at this point --
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ,
03:33
the surface is very, very highly magnetized.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ธฐํ™”๋œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Is there water on Mars?
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:38
The answer is no, there is no liquid water
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์—†๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌผ์€
03:41
on the surface of Mars today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ™”์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
03:43
But there is intriguing evidence
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ™”์„ฑ์—๋Š”
03:45
that suggests that the early history of Mars
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๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด
03:48
there may have been rivers
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์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
03:50
and fast flowing water.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
Today Mars is very very dry.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ™”์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:55
We believe there's some water in the polar caps,
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๊ทน์ง€์˜ ์–ผ์Œ์ง€๋Œ€์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
there are polar caps of North Pole and South Pole.
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์ด ์–ผ์Œ์ง€๋Œ€๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณผ ๋‚จ๊ทน์— ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Here are some recent images.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ฐ์€ ๋ช‡์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ณ„์‹ ๋ฐ์š”.
04:03
This is from Spirit and Opportunity.
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์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฟ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ๊ณผ ์˜คํผํŠœ๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
These images that show at one time,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ๋•Œ ํ™”์„ฑ์—
04:08
there was very fast flowing water on the surface of Mars.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
Why is water important? Water is important
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์™œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:14
because if you want life you have to have water.
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๋ฌผ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด ๋ฐœํ˜„์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜์š”์†Œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
Water is the key ingredient
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๋ฌผ์€ ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ง„ํ™”์™€
04:20
in the evolution, the origin of life on a planet.
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์ƒ๋ช… ๊ธฐ์›์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
Here is some picture of Antarctica
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚จ๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ
04:26
and a picture of Olympus Mons,
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์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ‘ธ์Šค ๋ชฌ์Šค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
very similar features, glaciers.
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์ง€ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋น™ํ•˜๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ฃ .
04:31
So, this is frozen water.
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์ฆ‰, ํ•œ์ชฝ์€ ๋‚จ๊ทน์˜ ์–ผ์Œ์ด๊ณ ,
04:33
This is ice water on Mars.
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ํ•œ์ชฝ์€ ํ™”์„ฑ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์–ผ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
This is my favorite picture. This was just taken a few weeks ago.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์ „์— ์ดฌ์˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:39
It has not been seen publicly.
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์•„์ง ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
This is European space agency
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ(European Space Agency)์˜
04:44
Mars Express, image of a crater on Mars
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ํ™”์„ฑ๊ถค๋„ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„  ๋งˆ์Šค ์ต์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์Šค(Mars Express)๊ฐ€
04:46
and in the middle of the crater
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์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
04:48
we have liquid water, we have ice.
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์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์–ผ์Œ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Very intriguing photograph.
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๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์ฃ .
04:53
We now believe that in the early history of Mars,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 46์–ต ๋…„์ „ ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
04:57
which is 4.6 billion years ago,
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์ฆ‰, 46์–ต๋…„ ์ „์˜ ํ™”์„ฑ์€
05:00
4.6 billion years ago, Mars was very Earth-like.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
Mars had rivers, Mars had lakes,
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๊ฐ•๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:07
but more important Mars had planetary-scale oceans.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™”์„ฑ์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
05:11
We believe that the oceans were in the northern hemisphere,
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๋ถ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
and this area in blue,
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์ด ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰ ์ง€์—ญ์€
05:17
which shows a depression of about four miles,
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์•ฝ 6.5 km ์ •๋„ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ
05:20
was the ancient ocean area
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ™”์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋ฎ์—ˆ๋˜
05:23
on the surface of Mars.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Where did the ocean's worth of water on Mars go?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์› ๋˜ ๋ฌผ์€ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ”์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:28
Well, we have an idea.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:30
This is a measurement we obtained a few years ago
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™”์„ฑ ๊ถค๋„ ์œ„์„ฑ ์˜ค๋””์„ธ์ด(Odyssey)๊ฐ€
05:33
from a Mars-orbiting satellite called Odyssey.
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๊ด€์ธก ์ž๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
Sub-surface water on Mars,
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธต ์•„๋ž˜
05:39
frozen in the form of ice.
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๋ฌผ์ด ์–ผ์Œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์–ผ์–ด์–ผ์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
And this shows the percent. If it's a blueish color,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์–‘์„ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”. ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰์€
05:45
it means 16 percent by weight.
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๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋กœ 16%๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
Sixteen percent, by weight, of the interior
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์ง€ํ‘œ ํ•˜์— ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋กœ 16%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”
05:50
contains frozen water, or ice.
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์–ธ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌผ, ์ฆ‰ ์–ผ์Œ์ด ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
So, there is a lot of water below the surface.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€ํ‘œ ํ•˜์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
The most intriguing and puzzling measurement,
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ธก์ž๋ฃŒ์ค‘์—์„œ
06:00
in my opinion, we've obtained of Mars,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€
06:03
was released earlier this year
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์˜ฌํ•ด ์ดˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์–ธ์Šค์ง€์—
06:06
in the magazine Science.
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๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
And what we're looking at is the presence of the gas methane,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™”์„ฑ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ค‘์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„(CH4)๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€
06:13
CH4, in the atmosphere of Mars.
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ํ•จ์œ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
06:17
And you can see there are three distinct regions of methane.
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3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์˜์—ญ์ด ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
Why is methane important?
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์™œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:23
Because on Earth, almost all --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”
06:25
99.9 percent -- of the methane
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„, ์ฆ‰ 99.9%๋Š”
06:28
is produced by living systems,
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์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
not little green men, but microscopic life
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์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜
06:35
below the surface or at the surface.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:37
We now have evidence
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์ด
06:39
that methane is in the atmosphere of Mars,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
06:42
a gas that, on Earth,
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์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์— ๊ธฐ์›์„ ๋‘” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
06:44
is biogenic in origin,
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์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
06:46
produced by living systems.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
These are the three plumes: A, B1, B2.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ง€๋Œ€ A, B1, B2์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
And this is the terrain it appears over,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ .
06:55
and we know from geological studies
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์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์ด
06:58
that these regions are the oldest regions on Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
In fact, the Earth and Mars
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š”
07:04
are both 4.6 billion years old.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด 46์–ต ๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
The oldest rock on Earth is only 3.6 billion.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋žœ๋œ ์•”์„์€
07:12
The reason there is a billion-year gap
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36์–ต ๋…„ ๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:15
in our geological understanding
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 10์–ต๋…„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ฐ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ
07:17
is because of plate tectonics,
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์ง€๊ตฌํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž„์„
07:19
The crust of the Earth has been recycled.
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์ง€์งˆํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
We have no geological record prior
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์ฒซ 10์–ต ๋…„ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋ก์€
07:24
for the first billion years.
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์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
That record exists on Mars.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ํ™”์„ฑ์—๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ฃ .
07:28
And this terrain that we're looking at
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ํ™”์„ฑ์ด
07:30
dates back to 4.6 billion years
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ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ 46์–ต ๋…„ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€
07:34
when Earth and Mars were formed.
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๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
It was a Tuesday.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ™”์š”์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:41
This is a map that shows
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์ด ์ง€๋„๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—
07:43
where we've put our spacecraft on the surface of Mars.
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์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์‹œํ‚จ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
Here is Viking I, Viking II.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์ดํ‚น 1ํ˜ธ, ๋ฐ”์ดํ‚น 2ํ˜ธ.
07:50
This is Opportunity. This is Spirit.
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์ด๊ฑด ์˜คํผํŠœ๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ. ์ด๊ฑด ์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฟ์ด์ฃ .
07:53
This is Mars Pathfinder. This is Phoenix,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์Šค ํŒจ์ŠคํŒŒ์ธ๋”(Mars Pathfinder).
07:55
we just put two years ago.
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์ด๊ฑด 2 ๋…„ ์ „์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋‹‰์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Notice all of our rovers and all of our landers
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ๊ณผ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์ด
08:01
have gone to the northern hemisphere.
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๋ถ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
That's because the northern hemisphere
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ ์ง€์—ญ์ด
08:06
is the region of the ancient
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ํ•ด์ € ๋ถ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
08:08
ocean basin.
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๊ณณ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:10
There aren't many craters.
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์ด ๊ณณ์—” ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋„ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
And that's because the water protected the basin
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณผ ์šด์„์ถฉ๋Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:15
from being impacted by asteroids and meteorites.
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ํ•ด์ € ๋ถ„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:19
But look in the southern hemisphere.
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์ด์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
08:22
In the southern hemisphere there are impact craters,
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์ถฉ๋Œ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ํ™”์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ธด
08:24
there are volcanic craters.
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ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
Here's Hellas Basin,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ—ฌ๋ผ์Šค ๋ถ„์ง€๋Š”
08:28
a very very different place, geologically.
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์ง€์งˆํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
Look where the methane is, the methane is in a very
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์ง€ํ˜•์˜
08:34
rough terrain area.
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์ง€์—ญ์— ๋ถ„ํฌํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
What is the best way to unravel
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ์‹ ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ฐํž
08:40
the mysteries on Mars that exist?
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:43
We asked this question 10 years ago.
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10 ๋…„ ์ „์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
We invited 10 of the top Mars scientists
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10 ๋ช…์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™”์„ฑ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์„
08:50
to the Langley Research Center for two days.
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์ดํ‹€๋™์•ˆ ๋žญ๋ฆฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ์ดˆ๋น™ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:54
We addressed on the board
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์•„์ง ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜
08:56
the major questions that have not been answered.
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์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
And we spent two days deciding
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„
09:02
how to best answer this question.
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์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ดํ‹€ ๋™์•ˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
And the result of our meeting
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๊ทธ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€
09:08
was a robotic rocket-powered airplane we call ARES.
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์•„๋ ˆ์Šค(ARES)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋™ ์กฐ์ข… ๋กœ์ผ“ ์ถ”์ง„ ๋น„ํ–‰์ฒด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
It's an Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Surveyor.
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๊ณต์ค‘ ๊ตญ์ง€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํƒ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ(Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Surveyor)์ฃ .
09:18
There's a model of ARES here.
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์ด๊ฑด ์•„๋ ˆ์Šค์˜
09:20
This is a 20-percent scale model.
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20% ์ถ•์†Œ ๋ชจํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
This airplane was designed at the Langley Research Center.
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์ด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋žญ๋ฆฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:27
If any place in the world
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:29
can build an airplane to fly on Mars,
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์€
09:31
it's the Langley Research Center,
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๋žญ๋ฆฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
for almost 100 years
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 100 ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
09:35
a leading center of aeronautics in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
09:38
We fly about a mile above the surface.
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์•„๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ ์œ„ 1.6 km ์ƒ๊ณต์—์„œ
09:41
We cover hundreds of miles,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ km๋ฅผ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
09:43
and we fly about 450 miles an hour.
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์‹œ์† 724 km๋กœ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
We can do things that rovers can't do
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™œ๋™์€ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด๋‚˜ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ์ด
09:49
and landers can't do:
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
09:51
We can fly above mountains, volcanoes, impact craters;
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์‚ฐ, ํ™”์‚ฐ, ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
we fly over valleys;
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๊ณ„๊ณก์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:56
we can fly over surface magnetism,
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์ง€ํ‘œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
09:58
the polar caps, subsurface water;
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๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์–ผ์Œ์ง€๋Œ€์™€ ์ฒœ์ธต์ˆ˜ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
10:01
and we can search for life on Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
But, of equal importance,
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๋™์‹œ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€,
10:05
as we fly through the atmosphere of Mars,
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ํ™”์„ฑ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
10:08
we transmit that journey,
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์˜์ƒ์„ ์ „์†กํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:11
the first flight of an airplane outside of the Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋น„ํ–‰์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์ƒ์„
10:14
we transmit those images back to Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ ์†ก์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‹œ๋„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
And our goal is to inspire the American public
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
10:21
who is paying for this mission through tax dollars.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
But more important we will
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
10:27
inspire the next generation of scientists,
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์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž, ๊ณตํ•™์ž, ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด,
10:30
technologists, engineers and mathematicians.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:33
And that's a critical area of national security
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์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž, ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด,์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž,
10:37
and economic vitality, to make sure
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๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:41
we produce the next generation
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์•ˆ๋ณด์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
10:43
of scientists, engineers, mathematicians and technologists.
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์˜์—ญ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
This is what ARES looks like
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ARES๊ฐ€ ํ™”์„ฑ์„
10:49
as it flies over Mars.
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๋น„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
We preprogram it.
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ•ด ๋‘๋ฉด
10:53
We will fly where the methane is.
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋‚ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
We will have instruments aboard the plane
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์— ํƒ‘์žฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ธก๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ,
10:58
that will sample, every three minutes, the atmosphere of Mars.
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๋งค 3๋ถ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ™”์„ฑ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
We will look for methane
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:03
as well as other gasses
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์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”
11:05
produced by living systems.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
We will pinpoint where these gases emanate from,
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๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
because we can measure the gradient where it comes from,
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๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ๋†๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
11:14
and there, we can direct the next mission
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ฐจ๊ธฐ ์ž„๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ 
11:17
to land right in that area.
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์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์ง€์ ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
How do we transport an airplane to Mars?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™”์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ฃ ?
11:23
In two words, very carefully.
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๋‹ต์€ ๋”ฑ ๋‘๋งˆ๋””์ฃ . '๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์„œ'.
11:26
The problem is we don't fly it to Mars,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”, ํ™”์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
11:30
we put it in a spacecraft
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์— ์‹ค์–ด์„œ
11:33
and we send it to Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
The problem is the spacecraft's
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์˜
11:37
largest diameter is nine feet;
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์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด 2.74 m๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:41
ARES is 21-foot wingspan, 17 feet long.
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ARES๋Š” ๋‚ ๊ฐœ ๊ธธ์ด 6.4 m, ๋™์ฒด ๊ธธ์ด 5.2 m์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
How do we get it to Mars?
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์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™”์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ฃ ?
11:48
We fold it,
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์ ‘๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
and we transport it in a spacecraft.
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์ ‘์–ด์„œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:53
And we have it in something called an aeroshell.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ์—์–ด๋กœ์‰˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๊ฒƒ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด ๋ณด๋‚ผ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
11:56
This is how we do it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
And we have a little video that describes the sequence.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์งง์€ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
12:02
Video: Seven, six. Green board. Five, four, three, two, one.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค: ์ •์ƒ. 5,4,3,2,1.
12:07
Main engine start, and liftoff.
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์ฃผ์—”์ง„ ์ ํ™”. ๋ฐœ์ง„.
12:20
Joel Levine: This is a launch from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
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์กฐ์—˜ ๋ ˆ๋นˆ: ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ์ผ€๋„ค๋”” ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ด ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
This is the spacecraft taking nine months
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์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์€ 9๋‹ฌ์„ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ
12:31
to get to Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
It enters the atmosphere of Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
12:36
A lot of heating,
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๋งŽ์€ ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ฃ .
12:41
frictional heating. It's going 18 thousand miles an hour.
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์‹œ์† 28,968 km์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
A parachute opens up to slow it down.
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๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ์ด ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
The thermal tiles fall off.
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๋‚ด์—ดํƒ€์ผ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
The airplane is exposed to the atmosphere for the first time.
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ํ™”์„ฑ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
It unfolds.
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๋‚ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํŽผ์น˜๊ณ 
12:56
The rocket engine begins.
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๋กœ์ผ“ ์—”์ง„์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:05
We believe that in a one-hour flight
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ
13:08
we can rewrite the textbook on Mars
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
by making high-resolution measurements of the atmosphere,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ์ธก์ •,
13:14
looking for gases of biogenic origin,
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์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ํƒ์ƒ‰,
13:17
looking for gases of volcanic origin,
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ํ™”์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ํƒ์ƒ‰,
13:20
studying the surface, studying the magnetism
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์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์ง€๊ฐ ์ž๊ธฐ๋ ฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ
13:23
on the surface, which we don't understand,
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๋”์šฑ ๋„“์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„
13:25
as well as about a dozen other areas.
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์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
Practice makes perfect.
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์—ฐ์Šต์ด ์™„๋ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
13:30
How do we know we can do it?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์ฃ ?
13:32
Because we have tested ARES model,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ARES ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
several models in a half a dozen wind tunnels
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8 ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ NASA ๋žญ๋ฆฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
13:39
at the NASA Langley Research Center for eight years,
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ํ™”์„ฑ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ 6๋Œ€์˜ ํ’๋™ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ
13:42
under Mars conditions.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
And, of equal importance
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€
13:46
is, we test ARES in the Earth's atmosphere,
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ARES๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ๊ณต 30 km์—์„œ
13:50
at 100,000 feet,
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ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
which is comparable to the density and pressure
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์ด ๊ณ ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ARES๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ํ™”์„ฑ๊ณผ
13:56
of the atmosphere on Mars where we'll fly.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ๊ธฐ์••์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
Now, 100,000 feet, if you fly cross-country to Los Angeles,
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30 km, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ LA๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜
14:02
you fly 37,000 feet.
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ณ ๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ 11 km ์ •๋„์ธ๋ฐ์š”
14:04
We do our tests at 100,000 feet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋„ 30 km์—์„œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
And I want to show you one of our tests.
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ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
14:10
This is a half-scale model.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
This is a high-altitude helium balloon.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๊ณ ๋„ ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ ํ’์„ ์ด์ฃ .
14:14
This is over Tilamook, Oregon.
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์˜ค๋ ˆ๊ฑด์ฃผ ํ‹ธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฌต ์ƒ๊ณต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
We put the folded airplane on the balloon --
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์ ‘์€ ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ์„ ํ’์„ ์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ์•„ ๋„์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
it took about three hours to get up there --
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์•ฝ 3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๋’ค์—
14:23
and then we released it on command
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๊ณ ๋„ 31 km์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋ช…๋ น์„
14:25
at 103,000 feet,
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์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
and we deploy the airplane and everything works perfectly.
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
And we've done
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์™„๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
14:33
high-altitude and low-altitude tests,
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๋†’์€ ๊ณ ๋„์™€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณ ๋„์—์„œ
14:35
just to perfect this technique.
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ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
We're ready to go.
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์ด์ œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
I have a scale model here.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ถ•์†Œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
14:44
But we have a full-scale model
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NASA ๋žญ๋ฆฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์—๋Š”
14:46
in storage at the NASA Langley Research Center.
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์‹ค์ œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
We're ready to go. All we need is a check from NASA headquarters
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋– ๋‚  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. NASA๋ณธ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์ง€๋ถˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ‘œ๋ฅผ
14:53
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:55
to cover the costs.
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๋Š์–ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
I'm prepared to donate my honorarium for today's talk
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€
15:00
for this mission.
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๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
There's actually no honorarium for anyone for this thing.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ธˆ์€ ์—†๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
This is the ARES team;
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์ด๊ฑด ARES ํŒ€์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
15:08
we have about 150 scientists, engineers;
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150๋ช…์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์™€ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
where we're working with Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ œํŠธ์ถ”์ง„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ,
15:14
Goddard Space Flight Center,
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๊ณ ๋‹ค๋“œ์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์„ผํ„ฐ,
15:16
Ames Research Center and half a dozen major universities
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์—์ž„์ฆˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฃผ์š” ๋Œ€ํ•™, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ
15:19
and corporations in developing this.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
It's a large effort. It's all at NASA Langley Research Center.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด NASA ๋žญ๋ฆฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
And let me conclude by saying
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์ž ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์ฃ .
15:31
not too far from here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฉ€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ,
15:33
right down the road in Kittyhawk, North Carolina,
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๋…ธ์Šค์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ํ‚คํ‹ฐํ˜ธํฌ์˜ ํ•œ ๋„๋กœ์—์„œ
15:36
a little more than 100 years ago
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100๋…„ ์ „ ์ฏค์—
15:38
history was made
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
when we had the first powered flight of an airplane on Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋‚ ์•˜์ฃ .
15:43
We are on the verge right now
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ
15:45
to make the first flight of an airplane
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์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ
15:48
outside the Earth's atmosphere.
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
We are prepared to fly this on Mars,
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ์ด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์šฐ๊ณ ,
15:53
rewrite the textbook about Mars.
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ํ™”์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ฐ๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
If you're interested in more information,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:58
we have a website that describes this exciting
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ ๋‚˜๊ณ 
16:01
and intriguing mission, and why we want to do it.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ„ํš์ด๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
16:04
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
(Applause)
335
966260
3000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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