The biology of gender, from DNA to the brain | Karissa Sanbonmatsu

347,379 views ใƒป 2019-02-11

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Keungil KIM ๊ฒ€ํ† : TJ Kim
00:14
So what does it mean to be a woman?
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ญ˜ ์˜๋ฏธํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:19
We all have XX chromosomes, right?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒ XX์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
00:22
Actually, that's not true.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
Some women are mosaics.
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์–ด๋–ค ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ์ž์ดํฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
00:26
They have a mix of chromosome types with X, with XY or with XXX.
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X๋‚˜ XY, ๋˜๋Š” XXX๊ฐ€ ์„ž์—ฌ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:33
If it's not just about our chromosomes,
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์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด,
00:35
then what is being a woman about?
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ญ˜ ์˜๋ฏธํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:38
Being feminine?
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค?
00:40
Getting married?
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ๋‹ค?
00:41
Having kids?
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์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค?
00:43
You don't have to look far to find fantastic exceptions
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ‹€์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ
00:47
to these rules,
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์ฐพ์•„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:48
but we all share something that makes us women.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:53
Maybe that something is in our brains.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‡Œ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:57
You might have heard theories from last century
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์—ฌ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‡Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ปค์„œ
01:00
about how men are better at math than women
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๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ง ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
01:03
because they have bigger brains.
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๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:05
These theories have been debunked.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
01:07
The average man has a brain about three times smaller
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋‚จ์ž์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
01:10
than the average elephant,
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์„ธ ๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ์ž‘์€๋ฐ,
01:12
but that doesn't mean
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ด
01:13
the average man is three times dumber than an elephant ...
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ธ ๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋ชจ์ž๋ผ์ง„ ์•Š์ž–์•„์š” ...
01:16
or does it?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:17
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:20
There's a new wave of female neuroscientists
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์‹ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด
01:25
that are finding important differences between female and male brains
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๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ, ๋‡Œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™ ๋“ฑ์— ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๊ฐ„์˜
01:29
in neuron connectivity,
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์ฃผ์š” ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
01:31
in brain structure, in brain activity.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
They're finding that the brain is like a patchwork mosaic --
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์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:38
a mixture.
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01:40
Women have mostly female patches and a few male patches.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
With all this new data, what does it mean to be a woman?
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ณด๋“ค๋กœ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
01:49
This is something that I've been thinking about almost my entire life.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‰์ƒ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
When people learn that I'm a woman who happens to be transgender,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:57
they always ask,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป์ฃ ,
01:59
"How do you know you're a woman?"
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"๋ณธ์ธ์ด ์—ฌ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์ฃ ?"
02:02
As a scientist, I'm searching for a biological basis of gender.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ, ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:07
I want to understand what makes me me.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ์š”.
02:12
New discoveries at the front edge of science
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์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ
02:15
are shedding light on the biomarkers that define gender.
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์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:19
My colleagues and I in genetics, neuroscience, physiology and psychology,
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์œ ์ „ํ•™, ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™, ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ
02:26
we're trying to figure out exactly how gender works.
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์„ฑ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์ค‘์ด์—์š”.
02:29
These vastly different fields share a common connection --
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๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ...
02:33
epigenetics.
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ํ›„์ƒ์œ ์ „ํ•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
In epigenetics, we're studying how DNA activity
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ํ›„์ƒ์œ ์ „ํ•™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด, ๋™์ผํ•œ DNA ์—ผ๊ธฐ์ˆœ์„œ์—๋„
02:41
can actually radically and permanently change,
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DNA ํ™œ๋™์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ , ๋˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:44
even though the sequence stays the same.
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๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:48
DNA is the long, string-like molecule that winds up inside our cells.
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DNA๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธด ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
There's so much DNA
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ DNA๊ฐ€
02:54
that it actually gets tangled into these knot-like things --
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์„œ๋กœ ๋’ค์—‰์ผœ ๋งค๋“ญ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
02:57
we'll just call them knots.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋งค๋“ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
03:00
So external factors change how those DNA knots are formed.
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์™ธ๋ถ€์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ DNA ๋งค๋“ญ์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:06
You can think of it like this:
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”:
03:08
inside our cells, there's different contraptions building things,
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์„ธํฌ ์•ˆ์—์„œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€๊ณ ,
03:14
connecting circuits,
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์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:15
doing all the things they need to make life happen.
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Here's one that's sort of reading the DNA and making RNA.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘, DNA๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ RNA๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:25
And then this one is carrying a huge sac of neurotransmitters
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋‹ด์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋‡Œ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์—์„œ
03:29
from one end of the brain cell
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
to the other.
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03:32
Don't they get hazard pay for this kind of work?
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์œ„ํ—˜์ˆ˜๋‹น์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:34
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:36
This one is an entire molecular factory --
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ถ„์ž ๊ณต์žฅ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ธ๋ฐ,
03:38
some say it's the secret to life.
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์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”
03:40
It's call the ribosome.
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'๋ฆฌ๋ณด์†œ'์ด์ฃ .
03:42
I've been studying this since 2001.
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2001๋…„์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
One of the stunning things about our cells
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์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด
03:49
is that the components inside them are actually biodegradable.
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์ž์—ฐ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
They dissolve,
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๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๊ณ ,
03:55
and then they're rebuilt each day,
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๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
kind of like a traveling carnival
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์œ ๋ž‘ ๋†€์ด๊ณต์›์—์„œ
03:59
where the rides are taken down and then rebuilt every single day.
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๋งค์ผ ๋†€์ด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
04:04
A big difference between our cells and the traveling carnival
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์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ด ๋†€์ด๊ณต์›์˜ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
04:08
is that in the carnival,
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์œ ๋ž‘ ๋†€์ด๊ณต์›์—์„œ๋Š”
04:10
there are skilled craftsmen that rebuild the rides each day.
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์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋†€์ด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์„ค์น˜๋˜์ง€๋งŒ,
04:15
In our cells, there are no such skilled craftsmen,
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์„ธํฌ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์€ ์—†๊ณ ,
04:17
only dumb builder machines
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๋„๋ฉด๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
04:19
that build whatever's written in the plans,
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๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
04:21
no matter what those plans say.
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๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค ๋ฟ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:24
Those plans are the DNA.
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๊ทธ ๋„๋ฉด์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ DNA์ธ๋ฐ,
04:27
The instructions for every nook and cranny inside our cells.
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์„ธํฌ ๊ตฌ์„ ๊ตฌ์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
If everything in, say, our brain cells
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๋‡Œ์„ธํฌ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
04:35
dissolves almost every day,
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๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:37
then how can the brain remember anything past one day?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:40
That's where DNA comes in.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ DNA์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
DNA is one of the those things that does not dissolve.
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DNA๋Š” ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ,
04:46
But for DNA to remember that something happened,
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
04:48
it has to change somehow.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
We know the change can't be in the sequence;
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜์ฃ ;
04:53
if it changed sequence all the time,
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์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์—‰๋ง์ด ๋˜๋ฉด,
04:55
then we might be growing like, a new ear or a new eyeball every single day.
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๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ท€๋‚˜ ๋ˆˆ์•Œ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ธธํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:00
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:01
So, instead it changes shape,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:03
and that's where those DNA knots come in.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ DNA ๋งค๋“ญ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ
05:05
You can think of them like DNA memory.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:09
When something big in our life happens,
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์–ด๋ฆด ์  ์ •์‹ ์  ์™ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํฐ ์ผ์„ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด,
05:11
like a traumatic childhood event,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์—
05:14
stress hormones flood our brain.
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์ž ์‹๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
The stress hormones don't affect the sequence of DNA,
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด DNA ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
05:19
but they do change the shape.
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๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:21
They affect that part of DNA
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
05:24
with the instructions for molecular machines that reduce stress.
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DNA ๋ถ„์ž ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ,
05:28
That piece of DNA gets wound up into a knot,
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๊ทธ DNA ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ๋งค๋“ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌถ์ด๋ฉด,
05:31
and now the dumb builder machines can't read the plans they need
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค
05:35
to build the machines that reduce stress.
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๋„๋ฉด์„ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:38
That's a mouthful, but it's what's happening on the microscale.
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์„ค๋ช…์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ๋ฐ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด,
05:41
On the macroscale, you practically lose the ability to deal with stress,
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๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ,
05:44
and that's bad.
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์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
05:46
And that's how DNA can remember what happens in the past.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ DNA๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
This is what I think was happening to me
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:53
when I first started my gender transition.
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๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
05:57
I knew I was a woman on the inside,
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์ œ ์•ˆ์— ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜๊ณ ,
05:59
and I wore women's clothes on the outside,
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์˜ท๋„ ์—ฌ์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž…๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…”์ง€๋งŒ,
06:02
but everyone saw me as a man in a dress.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ๊ทธ์ € ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…์€ ๋‚จ์ž์˜€์–ด์š”.
06:07
I felt like no matter how many things I try,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ํ•ด๋„
06:12
no one would ever really see me as a woman.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ €๋ฅผ ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:14
In science, your credibility is everything,
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๊ณผํ•™์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š”, ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ถ€์ธ๋ฐ
06:17
and people were snickering in the hallways,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณต๋„์—์„œ ๋‚„๋‚„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:21
giving me stares,
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์—ญ๊ฒจ์šด ํ‘œ์ •์œผ๋กœ
06:23
looks of disgust --
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์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
06:25
afraid to be near me.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:28
I remember my first big talk after transition.
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์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜ ์ดํ›„, ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
It was in Italy.
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜€์–ด์š”.
06:32
I'd given prestigious talks before,
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๋น„์ค‘์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„,
06:34
but this one, I was terrified.
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์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์ด ๋–จ๋ ธ์ฃ .
06:37
I looked out into the audience,
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์ฒญ์ค‘ ์ชฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ดค๋”๋‹ˆ,
06:39
and the whispers started --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
06:42
the stares,
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
06:43
the smirks, the chuckles.
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ํžˆ์ฃฝ ๊ฑฐ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
06:46
To this day, I still have social anxiety around my experience eight years ago.
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8๋…„ ์ „ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์•ž์— ์„œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
I lost hope.
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๋‚™์‹ฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:56
Don't worry, I've had therapy so I'm OK --
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๊ฑฑ์ •๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ข‹์•˜์กŒ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:59
I'm OK now.
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์ •๋ง ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:02
(Cheers)
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
07:04
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:08
But I felt enough is enough:
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๋” ์ด์ƒ์€ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:10
I'm a scientist,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
I have a doctorate in astrophysics,
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์ฒœ์ฒด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
07:14
I've published in the top journals,
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์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ํ•™์ˆ ์ง€์— ํŒŒ๋™์ž…์ž ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„,
07:16
in wave-particle interactions, space physics,
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณผํ•™, ํ•ต์‚ฐ์ƒํ™”ํ•™ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
07:18
nucleic acid biochemistry.
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๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:20
I've actually been trained to get to the bottom of things, so --
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๋ญ๋“  ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ํŒŒ๋‚ด ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์ „๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ ...
07:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:25
I went online --
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ...
07:26
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:31
So I went online, and I found fascinating research papers.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ, ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:35
I learned that these DNA knot things are not always bad.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ DNA ๋งค๋“ญ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์ฃ .
07:38
Actually, the knotting and unknotting --
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ๋งค๋“ญ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€๊ณ  ํ’€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด
07:40
it's like a complicated computer language.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์–ธ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ๋ฐ,
07:43
It programs our bodies with exquisite precision.
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์‹ ์ฒด์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์„ค์ •์„ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
So when we get pregnant,
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์ž„์‹ ํ•˜๋ฉด,
07:49
our fertilized eggs grow into newborn babies.
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์ˆ˜์ •๋ž€์ด ์ž๋ผ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ ,
07:53
This process requires thousands of DNA decisions to happen.
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ DNA๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Should an embryo cell become a blood cell?
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๋ฐฐ์•„์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ?
08:00
A heart cell? A brain cell?
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ธํฌ? ๋‡Œ์„ธํฌ?
08:02
And the decisions happen at different times during pregnancy.
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์ž„์‹  ์ค‘์—๋„ ์‹œ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ฃ .
08:06
Some in the first trimester, some in the second trimester
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ, ์ค‘๊ธฐ, ๋ง๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉฐ
08:09
and some in the third trimester.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„์š”.
08:14
To truly understand DNA decision-making,
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DNA์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด,
08:17
we need to see the process of knot formation in atomic detail.
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๋งค๋“ญ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์›์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:21
Even the most powerful microscopes can't see this.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
08:26
What if we tried to simulate these on a computer?
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
08:29
For that we'd need a million computers to do that.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ
08:34
That's exactly what we have at Los Alamos Labs --
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €ํฌ ๋กœ์Šค ์•Œ๋ผ๋ชจ์Šค ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐฝ๊ณ ์—๋„
08:37
a million computers connected in a giant warehouse.
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:42
So here we're showing the DNA making up an entire gene
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๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๋งค๋“ญ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”
08:46
folded into very specific shapes of knots.
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DNA๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ป˜์š”.
08:50
For the first time,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ,
08:51
my team has simulated an entire gene of DNA --
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์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์—์„œ DNA์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:55
the largest biomolecular simulation performed to date.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋ถ„์ž ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
For the first time, we're beginning to understand the unsolved problem
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๋งค๋“ญ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์˜
09:03
of how hormones trigger the formation of these knots.
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ํ’€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:09
DNA knot formation can be seen beautifully in calico cats.
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด DNA ๋งค๋“ญ ํ˜•์„ฑ์€ ์‚ผ์ƒ‰ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
The decision between orange and black
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์ฃผํ™ฉ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰์€
09:16
happens early on in the womb,
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๋ฑƒ์†์—์„œ ์ผ์ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ณ ,
09:19
so that orange-and-black patchy pattern,
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์ฃผํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ •์˜ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๋Š”
09:21
it's an exact readout of what happened
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์–ด๋ฏธ ๋ฑƒ์†์˜ ๋ฐฐ์•„ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ
09:24
when that cat was just a tiny little kitten embryo
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๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
09:26
inside her mom's womb.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
And the patchy pattern actually happens in our brains and in cancer.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ์™€ ์•” ์„ธํฌ์—๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:34
It's directly related to intellectual disability and breast cancer.
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์ง€์  ์žฅ์• ๋‚˜ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์—๋„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:39
These DNA decisions also happen in other parts of the body.
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DNA์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
It turns out that the precursor genitals transform into either female or male
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์ž„์‹  ์ดˆ๊ธฐ 3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์˜ ์„ฑ์ด
09:49
during the first trimester of pregnancy.
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๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—,
09:51
The precursor brains, on the other hand,
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๋‡Œ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์˜ ์„ฑ์€
09:54
transform into female or male during the second trimester of pregnancy.
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์ž„์‹  ์ค‘๊ธฐ 3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
So the current working model
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:00
is that a unique mix in my mom's womb
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์—„๋งˆ ๋ฑƒ์†์—์„œ ํŠน์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„,
10:04
caused the precursor genitals to transform one way,
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์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์™€ ๋‡Œ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ
10:08
but the precursor brain to transform the other way.
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๋’ค์ฃฝ๋ฐ•์ฃฝ์ด ๋œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:15
Most of epigenetic research
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ํ›„์ƒ์œ ์ „ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„,
10:17
has really focused on stress, anxiety, depression --
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:20
kind of a downer,
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์ข€ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰๊ณ ,
10:21
kind of bad things.
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๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:24
But nowadays --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์š”์ฆ˜ ...
10:25
the latest stuff --
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ถ”์„ธ๋Š” ...
10:27
people are looking at relaxation.
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
Can that have a positive effect on your DNA?
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DNA์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:32
Right now we're missing key data from mice models.
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์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ์ฅ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:36
We know that mice relax,
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์ฅ๋„ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
10:38
but could they meditate like the Dalai Lama?
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๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ด ๋ผ๋งˆ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ช…์ƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:42
Achieve enlightenment?
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๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์€ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:43
Could they move stones with their mind like Jedi Master Yoda?
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์ œ๋‹ค์ด ์Šค์Šน ์š”๋‹ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์„ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:47
(Yoda voice): Hm, a Jedi mouse must feel the force flow, hm.
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(์š”๋‹ค ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ) ์Œ, ์ œ๋‹ค์ด ์ฅ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํž˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋Š๊ปด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค, ์Œ.
10:51
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:53
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:57
I wonder if the support I've had since that talk back in Italy
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ์ดํ›„์— ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ์‘์› ๋•๋ถ„์—
11:01
has tried to unwind my DNA.
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์ œ DNA์— ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
11:04
Having a great circle of friends, supportive parents
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์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด์‹ฌ ๋งŽ์œผ์‹  ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜,
11:07
and being in a loving relationship
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
11:09
has actually given me strength and hope to help others.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋„์šธ ํž˜๊ณผ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:13
At work I wear a rainbow bracelet.
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์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌด์ง€๊ฐœ ํŒ”์ฐŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
Sometimes it raises eyebrows, but it also raises awareness.
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๋ชป๋งˆ๋•…ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ธ์‹์„ ๋†’์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:20
There's so many transgender people --
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ์ˆ˜๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•˜๋ฉด
11:22
especially women of color --
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๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๋Š์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”,
11:24
that are just one demeaning comment away from taking their own lives.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…์˜ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค์  ๋” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
Forty percent of us attempt suicide.
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๋ณดํ†ต 40%๋Š” ์ž์‚ด์„ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:35
If you're listening and you feel like you have no other option,
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:40
try to call a friend,
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์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
11:42
go online or try to get in a support group.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ง€์›๋‹จ์ฒด์— ๋„์›€์„ ๊ตฌํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:45
If you're a woman who's not transgender but you know pain of isolation,
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ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค์  ๋”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์„ฑ์  ํ•™๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
11:50
of sexual assault --
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๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
11:52
reach out.
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๋„์›€์„ ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:56
So what does it mean to be a woman?
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑด ๋ญ˜ ์˜๋ฏธํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
12:00
The latest research is showing
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
12:02
that female and male brains do develop differently in the womb,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋ฑƒ์†์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:06
possibly giving us females this innate sense of being a woman.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:11
On the other hand,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—,
12:12
maybe it's our shared sense of commonality that makes us women.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:18
We come in so many different shapes and sizes
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์ •๋ง ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
12:20
that asking what it means to be a woman may not be the right question.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:24
It's like asking a calico cat what it means to be a calico cat.
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์‚ผ์ƒ‰ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ์™œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
Maybe becoming a woman means accepting ourselves
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„
12:34
for who we really are
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ ,
12:36
and acknowledging the same in each other.
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์„œ๋กœ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
12:39
I see you.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด,
12:41
And you've just seen me.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ด์ฃผ์…จ์–ด์š”.
12:44
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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