Eddie Obeng: Smart failure for a fast-changing world

167,296 views ใƒป 2012-10-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Mira Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Woo Hwang
00:15
Over the past six months, I've spent my time
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์ง€๋‚œ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ „ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
traveling. I think I've done 60,000 miles,
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6๋งŒ ๋งˆ์ผ(์•ฝ 10๋งŒ km) ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋Œ์•„๋‚˜๋‹Œ๊ฒƒ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ
00:22
but without leaving my desk.
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์ฑ…์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
And the reason I can do that is because I'm actually two people.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:28
I look like one person but I'm two people. I'm Eddie who is here,
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์ €๋Š” ํ•œ๋ช…์ธ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋‘๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
and at the same time, my alter ego is a big green boxy
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š” ์—๋””์ด์ž, ์ œ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž์•„๋Š”
00:35
avatar nicknamed Cyber Frank.
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์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ํ”„๋žญํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹‰๋„ค์ž„์˜ ์•„๋ฐ”ํƒ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
So that's what I spend my time doing. I'd like to start,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์š”์ฆ˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ . <br/>์ „ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋จผ์ € ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ์ข€ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ์š”,
00:42
if it's possible, with a test, because I do business stuff,
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์ „ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ
00:45
so it's important that we focus on outcomes.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:48
And then I struggled, because I was thinking to myself,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ข€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์ฃ .
00:50
"What should I talk? What should I do? It's a TED audience.
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜์ง€? TED ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์•ผ.
00:53
It's got to be stretching. How am I going to make โ€” ?"
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์ž˜ํ•ด์•ผ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€?"
00:55
So I just hope I've got the level of difficulty right.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์ •๋„ ๋‚œ์ด๋„๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
00:59
So let's just walk our way through this.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
01:01
Please could you work this through with me? You can shout out the answer if you like.
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? <br/>๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฉด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ณ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
01:04
The question is, which of these horizontal lines is longer?
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์ž, ์ด ํ‰ํ–‰์„ ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๊ธด๊ฐ€์š”?
01:06
The answer is?
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๋‹ต์ด ๋ญ์ฃ ?
01:07
Audience: The same.Eddie Obeng: The same.
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์ฒญ์ค‘ : ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•„์š”<br/>์—๋”” : ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”
01:10
No, they're not the same. (Laughter)
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์•„๋‡จ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
01:12
They're not the same. The top one is 10 percent longer than the bottom one.
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์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ์ด ์•„๋ž˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค 10% ๋” ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
So why did you tell me they were the same? Do you remember when we were kids at school,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์— ์™œ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•˜์…จ์„๊นŒ์š”? <br/>๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์„๋•Œ
01:19
about that big, they played the same trick on us?
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋ดค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:21
It was to teach us parallax. Do you remember?
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹œ์ฐจ(่ฆ–ๅทฎ: ๊ด€์ธก ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด)๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ์ฃ .
01:24
And you got, you said, "It's the same!" And you got it wrong.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ "๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•„์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•˜์…จ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
You remember? And you learned the answer, and you've carried this answer in your head for 10, 20, 30, 40 years:
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์˜ˆ์ „์— ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•˜๊ณ ,<br/>๊ทธ๊ฑธ 10~40๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:31
The answer is the same. The answer is the same. So when you're asked what the lengths are,
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'์ •๋‹ต์€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ์™ธ์šฐ๊ณ ๋Š”, ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„๋•Œ
01:34
you say they're the same, but they're not the same, because I've changed it.
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'๊ฐ™๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .<br/>๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
And this is what I'm trying to explain has happened to us in the 21st century.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ <br/>์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
Somebody or something has changed the rules
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€, ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์„
01:44
about how our world works.
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๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
When I'm joking, I try and explain it happened at midnight,
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๋†๋‹ดํ• ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž์ •์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
you see, while we were asleep, but it was midnight 15 years ago. Okay?
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์ž ๋“ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฑด๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒŒ 15๋…„ ์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹จ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:52
You didn't notice it? But basically, what they do is,
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๋ชจ๋ฅด์…จ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”? ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
01:55
they switched all the rules round, so that the way to
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๋ฃฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
01:58
successfully run a business, an organization, or even a country,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ, ์กฐ์ง, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ์™”๋˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด
02:01
has been deleted, flipped, and it's a completely new
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์—†์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์ ธ์„œ, ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:04
โ€” you think I'm joking, don't you โ€” there's a completely new set of rules in operation. (Laughter)
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์•„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋†๋‹ดํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”?(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:08
Did you notice that? I mean, you missed this one.
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์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์—ฌ๋ ค๋ถ„์€ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋†“์น˜์…จ์ฃ .
02:10
You probably โ€” No, you didn't. Okay. (Laughter)
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ, ์•„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ตฐ์š”(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:12
My simple idea is that what's happened is,
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์ œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์ด
02:16
the real 21st century around us isn't so obvious to us,
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ป”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:20
so instead we spend our time responding rationally
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—
02:23
to a world which we understand and recognize,
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์ด์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:26
but which no longer exists.
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
You don't believe me, do you? Okay. (Applause)
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์•ˆ๋ฏฟ์œผ์‹œ๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”? (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:31
So let me take you on a little journey of many of the things I don't understand.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์—๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
If you search Amazon for the word "creativity,"
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋งˆ์กด์—์„œ "์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ"์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:38
you'll discover something like 90,000 books.
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9๋งŒ๊ถŒ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฑ…์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
If you go on Google and you look for "innovation + creativity,"
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—์„œ "ํ˜์‹ +์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด
02:44
you get 30 million hits. If you add the word "consultants," it doubles to 60 million. (Laughter)
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3์ฒœ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒ ์ฃ . "์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ"๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด<br/>6์ฒœ๋งŒ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ฌ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:48
Are you with me? And yet, statistically, what you discover
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์ดํ•ด ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 10๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ค‘ 1๊ฐœ๋งŒ์ด
02:51
is that about one in 100,000 ideas is found making money
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2๋…„ ํ›„์—๋„ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:54
or delivering benefits two years after its inception.
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์ด์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
It makes no sense. Companies make their expensive executives
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๋ง์ด ์•ˆ๋˜์ฃ . ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๋ด‰๋†’์€ ์ž„์›๋“คํ•œํ…Œ
03:00
spend ages carefully preparing forecasts and budgets
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:03
which are obsolete or need changing before they can be published.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ถœํŒ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜<br/>์ˆ˜์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
How is that possible? If you look at the visions we have,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ
03:11
the visions of how we're going to change the world,
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๋น„์ ผ๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:12
the key thing is implementation. We have the vision.
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์‹คํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„์ ผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
We've got to make it happen.
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์ด๊ฑธ ์‹คํ˜„์‹œ์ผœ์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
03:16
We've spent decades professionalizing implementation.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹คํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
People are supposed to be good at making stuff happen.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
However, if I use as an example a family of five
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ . 5์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด
03:27
going on holiday, if you can imagine this,
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ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
all the way from London all the way across to Hong Kong,
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™์ฝฉ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด๋ฐ
03:34
what I want you to think about is their budget is only 3,000 pounds of expenses.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ๋‹จ 3์ฒœ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:38
What actually happens is, if I compare this to the average
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ํ‰๊ท ์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ดค์„๋•Œ
03:41
real project, average real successful project,
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์–ด๋–ค์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
03:47
the family actually end up in Makassar, South Sulawesi,
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๋‚จ์ˆ ๋ผ์›จ์‹œ(์ธ๋„)์˜ ๋งˆ์นด์‚ฌ๋ฅด์—์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:51
at a cost of 4,000 pounds,
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๋น„์šฉ์€ 4์ฒœํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๊บผ๊ณ 
03:54
whilst leaving two of the children behind. (Laughter)
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์—ฌํ–‰๋„์ค‘์— ์•„์ด ๋‘๋ช…์€ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
03:57
What I'm trying to explain to you is, there are things which don't make sense to us.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๊ฑด, <br/>์„ธ์ƒ์—” ๋ง์ด ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹จ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:01
It gets even worse than that. Let me just walk you through this one.
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๋” ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ผ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค๊ฑฐ๋ƒ๋ฉด
04:05
This is a quote, and I'll just pick words out of it.
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์ข€ ์ธ์šฉ์„ ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
It says -- I'll put on the voice -- "In summary, your Majesty,
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ํ‰๋‚ด๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋‚ด๋ณผ๊ป˜์š”. "ํํ•˜, ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด
04:11
the failure to foresee the timing, extent and severity
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์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ, ์ •๋„, ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ๊ฑด
04:15
of the crisis was due to the lack of creativity
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์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏผํ•จ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
04:18
and the number of bright minds," or something like that.
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๋ญ ์ด๋Ÿฐ์‹์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
This was a group of eminent economists apologizing to the Queen of England
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์ด๊ฑด ์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜
04:26
when she asked the question,
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์˜๊ตญ์—ฌ์™•์ด
04:28
"Why did no one tell us that the crisis was coming?" (Laughter)
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"์™œ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„๋•Œ <br/>๋‹ตํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
I'll never get my knighthood. I'll never get my knighthood. (Laughter)
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์ž‘์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ชป๋ฐ›์„๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:34
That's not the important point. The thing you have to remember is,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑด
04:36
these are eminent economists, some of the smartest people
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์ผ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
04:40
on the planet. Do you see the challenge? (Laughter)
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์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:43
It's scary. My friend and mentor, Tim Brown of IDEO,
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๋ฌด์„ญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ด์ž ๋ฉ˜ํ† ์ธ IDEO์˜ ํŒ€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด์€
04:48
he explains that design must get big, and he's right.
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๋””์ž์ธ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์ฃ .
04:52
He wisely explains this to us. He says design thinking
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„<br/>(IDEO์˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž‘์—…๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹)
04:54
must tackle big systems for the challenges we have.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
He's absolutely right.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
And then I ask myself, "Why was it ever small?"
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์ „ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ , "๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์• ์ดˆ์— ์™œ ์ž‘์•˜์ง€?
05:02
Isn't it weird? You know, if collaboration is so cool,
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์ด์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„? ํ˜‘์—…์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ณ 
05:06
is cross-functional working is so amazing,
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์ผ์ธ ๋‹ค์—ญ์œผ๋กœ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€๊ฑด๋ฐ
05:08
why did we build these huge hierarchies? What's going on?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€? ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ๊ฑฐ์•ผ?
05:14
You see, I think what's happened, perhaps, is that
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
05:18
we've not noticed that change I described earlier.
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์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
What we do know is that the world has accelerated.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Cyberspace moves everything at the speed of light.
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์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
05:27
Technology accelerates things exponentially.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
So if this is now, and that's the past,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ์ด๊ณ  ์ €๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:32
and we start thinking about change, you know,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:33
all governments are seeking change, you're here seeking change,
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์ •๋ถ€๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:36
everybody's after change, it's really cool. (Laughter)
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
05:38
So what happens is, we get this wonderful whooshing acceleration and change.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:43
The speed is accelerating. That's not the only thing.
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์†๋„๋Š” ์ ์  ๋นจ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
At the same time, as we've done that, we've done something really weird.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
We've doubled the population in 40 years,
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40๋…„๋งŒ์— ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‘๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:52
put half of them in cities, then connected them all up so they can interact.
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๊ทธ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
The density of the interaction of human beings is amazing.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์—„์ฒญ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
There are charts which show all these movements of information. That density of information is amazing.
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์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋™์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฐจํŠธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด<br/>์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
And then we've done a third thing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
you know, for those of you who have as an office
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์ž‘์€ ์ฑ…์ƒ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ๋†“๊ณ  ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ
06:07
a little desk underneath the stairs, and you say, well this is my little desk under the stairs,
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ž‘์€ ์ฑ…์ƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์•ผ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”!
06:13
no! You are sitting at the headquarters of a global corporation if you're connected to the Internet.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด <br/>์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ณธ์‚ฌ์— ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:19
What's happened is, we've changed the scale.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‚˜๋ฉด, ์žฃ๋Œ€ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Size and scale are no longer the same.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
And then add to that, every time you tweet,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
06:28
over a third of your followers follow from a country
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ 1/3์€
06:31
which is not your own.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
Global is the new scale. We know that.
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:37
And so people say things like, "The world is now a turbulent place." Have you heard them saying things like that?
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์–ด๋–ค์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "์š”์ฆ˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ . <br/>๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹  ์  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:41
And they use it as a metaphor. Have you come across this?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ธ ๋น„์œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.<br/>๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
06:44
And they think it's a metaphor, but this is not a metaphor.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋น„์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋น„์œ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
It's reality. As a young engineering student, I remember
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ํ˜„์‹ค์ด์ฃ . ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณตํ•™๋„์˜€์„๋•Œ
06:50
going to a demonstration where they basically,
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๊ฝค ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ „์‹œ์žฅ์—
06:54
the demonstrator did something quite intriguing.
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๊ฐ”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
What he did was, he got a transparent pipe โ€” have you seen this demonstration before? โ€”
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์ „์‹œ์ž๋Š” ํˆฌ๋ช… ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ <br/>๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:02
he attached it to a tap. So effectively what you had was,
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๊ทธ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:05
you had a situation where โ€” I'll try and draw the tap
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ด๋–ค๊ฑฐ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„์™€ ๊ผญ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณด์ฃ .
07:08
and the pipe, actually I'll skip the tap. The taps are hard.
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์•„ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ๋žตํ• ๊ป˜์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:11
Okay? So I'll write the word "tap." Is that okay? It's a tap. (Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋Œ€์‹  "์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€"๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ธ๊ป˜์š”. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? (์›ƒ์Œ)
07:14
Okay, so he attaches it to a transparent pipe, and he turns the water on.
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๊ทธ ์ „์‹œ์ž๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€์™€ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ํ‹€์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:18
And he says, do you notice anything? And the water is whooshing down this pipe.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š”? ๋ฌผ์ด ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ์‰ญํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ฃ .
07:20
I mean, this is not exciting stuff. Are you with me?
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ณ„๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง„ ์•Š์•„์š”.
07:24
So the water goes up. He turns it back down. Great.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ฃ .
07:28
And he says, "Anything you notice?" No. Then he sticks a needle into the pipe,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์‹œ์ž๋Š” "๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.<br/>๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ํŒŒ์ดํ”„์— ๋ฐ”๋Š˜์„ ๊ฝ‚์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
and he connects this to a container, and he fills
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋Š˜์„ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ
07:34
the container up with green ink. You with me?
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์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ž‰ํฌ๋กœ ์ฑ„์šฐ์ฃ .
07:37
So guess what happens? A thin green line comes out
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”? ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ž‰ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ
07:41
as it flows down the pipe. It's not that interesting.
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ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ๋ณ„๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
07:45
And then he turns the water up a bit, so it starts coming back in. And nothing changes.
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๋ฌผ์„ ์œ„์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ฃ . ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์—†์–ด์š”.
07:49
So he's changing the flow of the water, but it's just a boring green line.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด๋ณด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ž‰ํฌ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
He adds some more. He adds some more. And then something weird happens.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ž๊พธ ๋”ํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
There's this little flicker, and then as he turns it ever so slightly more,
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์œผ๋‹ˆ,
08:01
the whole of that green line disappears, and instead
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ž‰ํฌ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ 
08:04
there are these little sort of inky dust devils close to the needle.
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์ž‰ํฌ ์ž”์—ฌ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋Š˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
They're called eddies. Not me. And they're violently dispersing the ink
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์ด๊ฑด ์—๋””๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ตฌ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
08:10
so that it actually gets diluted out, and the color's gone.
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์ž‰ํฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ์„์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์ƒ‰์„ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
08:14
What's happened in this world of pipe
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ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
08:18
is somebody has flipped it. They've changed the rules from laminar to turbulent.
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๋’ค์ง‘์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ
08:22
All the rules are gone. In that environment, instantly,
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์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”
08:25
all the possibilities which turbulence brings are available,
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ํ˜ผ๋ˆ์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ด์–ด๋‘๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
08:29
and it's not the same as laminar.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ด์ „๊ณผ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
08:32
And if we didn't have that green ink, you'd never notice.
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๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ž‰ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
And I think this is our challenge, because somebody
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
08:41
has actually increased โ€” and it's probably you guys with all your tech and stuff โ€”
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ์†๋„์™€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ
08:45
the speed, the scale and the density of interaction.
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์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:49
Now how do we cope and deal with that?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:50
Well, we could just call it turbulence, or we could try and learn.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ด๊ฑธ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ถ€ํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆด์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,<br/>์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Yes, learn, but I know you guys grew up in the days when
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๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ์ฃ ! ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์—” ์ •๋‹ต์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
08:59
there were actually these things called correct answers,
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ž๋ผ์…จ์ฃ .
09:02
because of the answer you gave me to the horizontal line puzzle,
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์•„๊นŒ์ „์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์„๋•Œ๋„
09:05
and you believe it will last forever.
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์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋‹ต์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ๋ณ€ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…จ๋“ฏ์ด์š”.
09:07
So I'll put a little line up here which represents learning,
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์„ ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š”
09:10
and that's how we used to do it. We could see things,
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์„ ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์–ด๋ณผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ณดํ†ต ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ,
09:12
understand them, take the time to put them into practice.
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
09:15
Out here is the world. Now, what's happened to our pace
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์ด ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐ–์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
09:19
of learning as the world has accelerated? Well, if you work
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ํ•™์Šต ์†๋„์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
09:22
for a corporation, you'll discover it's quite difficult to work
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:24
on stuff which your boss doesn't approve of, isn't in the strategy,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„
09:27
and anyway, you've got to go through your monthly meetings.
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ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฑด ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:30
If you work in an institution, one day you will get them to make that decision.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด <br/>์–ธ์  ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:35
And if you work in a market where people believe in cycles,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:38
it's even funnier, because you have to wait all the way
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์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฐŒ์„๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”, "๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋๋Š”๋ฐ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
09:40
for the cycle to fail before you go, "There's something wrong." You with me?
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์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ• ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
09:44
So it's likely that the line, in terms of learning, is pretty flat.
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ํ•™์Šต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์„ ์€ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
You with me? This point over here, the point at which
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๋‘ ์„ ์ด ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๋Š” ์ด ์ง€์ ์—์„œ
09:54
the lines cross over, the pace of change
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๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์†๋„๋Š”
09:58
overtakes the pace of learning,
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ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์•ž์ง€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
and for me, that is what I was describing
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข€์ „์— "์ž์ •"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ ธ์„๋•Œ
10:04
when I was telling you about midnight.
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๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
So what does it do to us? Well, it completely transforms what we have to do,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? <br/>์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋’ค๋ฐ”๊พธ์ฃ .
10:10
many mistakes we make. We solve last year's problems
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๋•Œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:14
without thinking about the future. If you try and think about it,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:17
the things you're solving now, what problems are they going to bring in the future?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ’€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:19
If you haven't understood the world you're living in,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
10:22
it's almost impossible to be absolutely certain that what you're going to deliver fits.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€<br/>๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
I'll give you an example, a quick one. Creativity and ideas,
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์งง์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ . ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์š”.
10:29
I mentioned that earlier. All the CEOs around me, my clients, they want innovation,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ CEO์™€ ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ๋“ค์€ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:32
so they seek innovation. They say to people, "Take risks and be creative!"
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
But unfortunately the words get transformed as they travel through the air.
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ๋ง์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
10:38
Entering their ears, what they hear is, "Do crazy things and then I'll fire you." Why? (Laughter) Because โ€”
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์ง์›๋“ค์€ "๋ฏธ์นœ์ง“ํ•˜๋ฉด ์งค๋ฆด์ค„ ์•Œ์•„"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .(์›ƒ์Œ)<br/>์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
10:42
Why? Because in the old world, okay, in the old world,
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š”, ์ด์ชฝ์ด ์˜›๋‚  ์„ธ์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์˜›๋‚ ์—๋Š”
10:46
over here, getting stuff wrong was unacceptable.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฉ๋‚ฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
If you got something wrong, you'd failed. How should you be treated?
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
10:51
Well, harshly, because you could have asked somebody who had experience.
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์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ๋งํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:54
So we learned the answer and we carried this in our heads for 20, 30 years, are you with me?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ต์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ์ด ๋‹ต์„ 20~30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์™ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
The answer is, don't do things which are different.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ •๋‹ต์ด ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:02
And then suddenly we tell them to and it doesn't work.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
You see, in reality, there are two ways you can fail in our new world.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ, ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š” <br/>๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
One, you're doing something that you should follow a procedure to, and it's a very difficult thing,
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ ์—‰์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ
11:11
you're sloppy, you get it wrong. How should you be treated? You should probably be fired.
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ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ์•„๋งˆ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:14
On the other hand, you're doing something new, no one's ever done before,
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ํ•ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:17
you get it completely wrong. How should you be treated?
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž˜๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
11:19
Well, free pizzas! You should be treated better than the people who succeed.
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๊ณต์งœ ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์–ป์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋Œ€์ ‘์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
It's called smart failure. Why? Because you can't put it on your C.V.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์‹คํŒจ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ . ์™œ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”? ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ฅ์„œ์— ์“ธ์ˆœ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
So what I want to leave you, then, is with the explanation
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ƒ์— ์•‰์•„
11:29
of why I actually traveled 60,000 miles from my desk.
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6๋งŒ ๋งˆ์ผ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
When I realized the power of this new world,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์„๋•Œ
11:35
I quit my safe teaching job, and set up a virtual business school,
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์ „ ์ œ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ์Šค์ฟจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
the first in the world, in order to teach people how to make this happen,
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์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
11:43
and I used some of my learnings about some of the rules which I'd learned on myself.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
If you're interested, worldaftermidnight.com, you'll find out more,
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ์œผ์‹  ๋ถ„์€ worldaftermidnight.com์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋˜์š”.
11:52
but I've applied them to myself for over a decade,
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์ „ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์น™์„ 10๋…„๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
11:55
and I'm still here, and I still have my house, and the most important thing is,
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์ง‘์„ ์žƒ์„๋งŒํผ ๋งํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€
11:58
I hope I've done enough to inject a little green ink into your lives,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์ € ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ž‰ํฌ๋ฅผ <br/>์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
so that when you go away and you're making your next
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๋ฒˆ์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ
12:06
absolutely sensible and rational decision, you'll take some time to think,
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๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
12:11
"Hmm, I wonder whether this also makes sense
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"์ž์ •์— ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด
12:14
in our new world after midnight." Thank you very much.
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ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ?" ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:24
Thank you, thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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