Can a divided America heal? | Jonathan Haidt

362,239 views ใƒป 2016-11-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sieun Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Chris Anderson: So, Jon, this feels scary.
0
12936
2200
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์กด, ์š”์ฆ˜์€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๋งˆ์ € ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์กฐ๋‚˜๋‹จ ํ•˜์ดํŠธ: ๋งž์•„์š”.
00:15
Jonathan Haidt: Yeah.
1
15160
1165
CA: ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด
00:16
CA: It feels like the world is in a place
2
16349
1990
00:18
that we haven't seen for a long time.
3
18363
1837
๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐพ์•„์˜จ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
00:20
People don't just disagree in the way that we're familiar with,
4
20224
4561
๋‹ค๋“ค ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ขŒ์šฐ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ถ„์—ด ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
00:24
on the left-right political divide.
5
24809
1900
00:26
There are much deeper differences afoot.
6
26733
3001
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ๋ถ„์—ด์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:29
What on earth is going on, and how did we get here?
7
29758
3266
๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์–ด์ฉŒ๋‹ค ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
JH: ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ด์ „๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”.
00:33
JH: This is different.
8
33048
3003
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ข…๋ง์ ์ธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:36
There's a much more apocalyptic sort of feeling.
9
36075
3227
00:39
Survey research by Pew Research shows
10
39326
2326
ํ“จ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
00:41
that the degree to which we feel that the other side is not just --
11
41676
3709
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ •์น˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ์— ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์€
00:45
we don't just dislike them; we strongly dislike them,
12
45409
2974
๊ทธ์ € ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ 
00:48
and we think that they are a threat to the nation.
13
48407
3476
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Those numbers have been going up and up,
14
51907
1964
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ ์  ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
00:53
and those are over 50 percent now on both sides.
15
53895
2737
์ด์ œ๋Š” ์–‘์ชฝ ๋ชจ๋‘ 50%๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
People are scared,
16
56656
1151
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:57
because it feels like this is different than before; it's much more intense.
17
57831
3627
์ „๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์„ผ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํผ์ฆ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
01:01
Whenever I look at any sort of social puzzle,
18
61482
2520
๋„๋• ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์„ธ ์›์น™์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
I always apply the three basic principles of moral psychology,
19
64026
3117
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
01:07
and I think they'll help us here.
20
67167
1894
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
01:09
So the first thing that you have to always keep in mind
21
69085
2733
01:11
when you're thinking about politics
22
71842
1736
ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
01:13
is that we're tribal.
23
73602
1380
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜์‹์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
We evolved for tribalism.
24
75006
1523
01:16
One of the simplest and greatest insights into human social nature
25
76553
3169
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์ด
01:19
is the Bedouin proverb:
26
79746
1173
๋ฒ ๋‘์ธ์กฑ ์†๋‹ด์— ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
"Me against my brother;
27
80943
1392
"๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚ด ํ˜•์ œ;
01:22
me and my brother against our cousin;
28
82359
1927
๋‚˜์™€ ๋‚ด ํ˜•์ œ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ;
01:24
me and my brother and cousins against the stranger."
29
84310
2502
๋‚˜์™€ ๋‚ด ํ˜•์ œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฐฉ์ธ."
01:26
And that tribalism allowed us to create large societies
30
86836
4724
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:31
and to come together in order to compete with others.
31
91584
3032
์„œ๋กœ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
That brought us out of the jungle and out of small groups,
32
94640
3681
์ด๋กœ์จ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ •๊ธ€ ์† ์ž‘์€ ์ดŒ๋ฝ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:38
but it means that we have eternal conflict.
33
98345
2023
๋˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„ ๋์—†๋Š” ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
The question you have to look at is:
34
100392
1741
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ์“ฐ๋ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ
01:42
What aspects of our society are making that more bitter,
35
102157
2664
01:44
and what are calming them down?
36
104845
1530
์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„์ •์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฐ€?
01:46
CA: That's a very dark proverb.
37
106399
1561
CA: ์•„์ฃผ ์•”์šธํ•œ ์†๋‹ด์ด๋„ค์š”.
01:47
You're saying that that's actually baked into most people's mental wiring
38
107984
4173
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋„๋•์  ํšŒ๋กœ์—
01:52
at some level?
39
112181
1151
์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”?
01:53
JH: Oh, absolutely. This is just a basic aspect of human social cognition.
40
113356
3804
JH: ์˜ค, ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ง€์š”. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์—์š”.
01:57
But we can also live together really peacefully,
41
117184
2323
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ์•„์ฃผ ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์กดํ•  ์ค„๋„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
and we've invented all kinds of fun ways of, like, playing war.
42
119531
3395
์ „์Ÿ ๋†€์Œ์„ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ•  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋†€์ด๋„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:02
I mean, sports, politics --
43
122950
1382
์Šคํฌ์ธ , ์ •์น˜
02:04
these are all ways that we get to exercise this tribal nature
44
124356
3695
์ „๋ถ€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋‹ค์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
without actually hurting anyone.
45
128075
1583
02:09
We're also really good at trade and exploration and meeting new people.
46
129682
4345
์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋˜ ๋ฌด์—ญ, ํƒํ—˜, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ํƒ์›”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜์‹์€ ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค ๋‚˜๋นด๋‹ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
So you have to see our tribalism as something that goes up or down --
47
134051
3299
02:17
it's not like we're doomed to always be fighting each other,
48
137374
2852
ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ „์Ÿ๋งŒ ํ•  ์šด๋ช…์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:20
but we'll never have world peace.
49
140250
1850
์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ‰ํ™” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
CA: The size of that tribe can shrink or expand.
50
142980
3222
CA: ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:26
JH: Right.
51
146226
1151
JH: ๋งž์•„์š”.
02:27
CA: The size of what we consider "us"
52
147401
1987
CA: "์šฐ๋ฆฌ" ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๋„“์ด
02:29
and what we consider "other" or "them"
53
149412
2421
"ํƒ€์ธ" ํ˜น์€ "๊ทธ๋“ค" ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
can change.
54
151857
2130
02:34
And some people believed that process could continue indefinitely.
55
154610
5590
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋์—†์ด ๊ณ„์†๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
JH: That's right.
56
160224
1192
JH: ๋งž์•„์š”.
CA: ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ' ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋” ๋„“ํ˜€ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:41
CA: And we were indeed expanding the sense of tribe for a while.
57
161440
3206
02:44
JH: So this is, I think,
58
164670
1161
JH: ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
02:45
where we're getting at what's possibly the new left-right distinction.
59
165855
3355
์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ขŒํŒŒ-์šฐํŒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋ฒ•์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด์š”.
02:49
I mean, the left-right as we've all inherited it,
60
169234
2323
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ขŒํŒŒ-์šฐํŒŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์€
02:51
comes out of the labor versus capital distinction,
61
171581
2839
๋…ธ๋™ ๋Œ€ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
and the working class, and Marx.
62
174444
2375
๋งˆ๋ฅดํฌ์Šค์™€ ๋…ธ๋™๊ณ„์ธต์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด์š”.
02:56
But I think what we're seeing now, increasingly,
63
176843
2249
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ ์  ๋ชจ๋“  ์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์—ด์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
is a divide in all the Western democracies
64
179116
2854
03:01
between the people who want to stop at nation,
65
181994
3707
ํ•œ์ชฝ์—” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ' ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ '๊ตญ๊ฐ€' ์—์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
03:05
the people who are more parochial --
66
185725
1750
์ฆ‰, ์ข€ ๋” ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
and I don't mean that in a bad way --
67
187499
1797
๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
people who have much more of a sense of being rooted,
68
189320
2800
์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ์˜์‹์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋งˆ์„, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
they care about their town, their community and their nation.
69
192144
3193
03:15
And then those who are anti-parochial and who --
70
195824
4037
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ์˜์  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
whenever I get confused, I just think of the John Lennon song "Imagine."
71
199885
3400
๋‘˜์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ „ ์กด ๋ ˆ๋…ผ์˜ '์ด๋ฉ”์ง„' ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค์š”.
03:23
"Imagine there's no countries, nothing to kill or die for."
72
203309
2829
"๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ฃฝ์ผ ์ด์œ ๋„ ์ฃฝ์„ ์ด์œ ๋„ ์—†์ง€์š”."
์ด๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋ฒ”์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๊ณ 
03:26
And so these are the people who want more global governance,
73
206162
3213
03:29
they don't like nation states, they don't like borders.
74
209399
2674
๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
You see this all over Europe as well.
75
212097
1825
03:33
There's a great metaphor guy -- actually, his name is Shakespeare --
76
213946
3226
์€์œ ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
03:37
writing ten years ago in Britain.
77
217196
1581
10๋…„์ „์— ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ธ€์—
03:38
He had a metaphor:
78
218801
1167
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์€์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
03:39
"Are we drawbridge-uppers or drawbridge-downers?"
79
219992
3273
"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„๊ฐœ๊ต๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋“ค์ธ๊ฐ€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋„๊ฐœ๊ต๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋“ค์ธ๊ฐ€?"
03:43
And Britain is divided 52-48 on that point.
80
223289
2905
์˜๊ตญ์€ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ 52๋Œ€ 48๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
And America is divided on that point, too.
81
226218
2120
๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋„ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:49
CA: And so, those of us who grew up with The Beatles
82
229379
3577
CA: ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋น„ํ‹€์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ 
03:52
and that sort of hippie philosophy of dreaming of a more connected world --
83
232980
3574
ํžˆํ”ผ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒ
03:56
it felt so idealistic and "how could anyone think badly about that?"
84
236578
3841
์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์ฐธ ์ด์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธธ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
And what you're saying is that, actually,
85
240736
2011
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋ง์”€์€
04:02
millions of people today feel that that isn't just silly;
86
242771
4302
ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์‹ค์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š”.
04:07
it's actually dangerous and wrong, and they're scared of it.
87
247097
2861
04:09
JH: I think the big issue, especially in Europe but also here,
88
249982
3026
JH: ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ •๋ง ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„
์ด๋ฏผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
04:13
is the issue of immigration.
89
253032
1367
04:14
And I think this is where we have to look very carefully
90
254423
3069
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฏผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณผํ•™์„
04:17
at the social science about diversity and immigration.
91
257516
3631
์•„์ฃผ ๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ •์น˜์ ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
04:21
Once something becomes politicized,
92
261171
1714
04:22
once it becomes something that the left loves and the right --
93
262909
3024
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ขŒํŒŒ์˜ ์• ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์šฐํŒŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„ 
04:25
then even the social scientists can't think straight about it.
94
265957
3101
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:29
Now, diversity is good in a lot of ways.
95
269082
1957
๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:31
It clearly creates more innovation.
96
271063
2207
04:33
The American economy has grown enormously from it.
97
273294
2477
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:35
Diversity and immigration do a lot of good things.
98
275795
2382
๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฏผ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
But what the globalists, I think, don't see,
99
278201
2628
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชป ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
04:40
what they don't want to see,
100
280853
1507
๋ณด๊ธธ ์›์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:42
is that ethnic diversity cuts social capital and trust.
101
282384
6278
๋ฏผ์กฑ์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ž๋ณธ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
There's a very important study by Robert Putnam,
102
288686
2336
"๋‚˜ ํ™€๋กœ ๋ณผ๋ง"์˜ ์ €์ž ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํŽ๋‚จ์ด
์‚ฌํšŒ ์ž๋ณธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:51
the author of "Bowling Alone,"
103
291046
1856
04:52
looking at social capital databases.
104
292926
1855
04:54
And basically, the more people feel that they are the same,
105
294805
2947
๊ทธ ์š”์ ์€, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„์ˆ˜๋ก
04:57
the more they trust each other,
106
297776
1507
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก
04:59
the more they can have a redistributionist welfare state.
107
299307
2740
๋” ๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋ณต ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:02
Scandinavian countries are so wonderful
108
302071
1971
์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ์ผ๋ฏผ์กฑ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:04
because they have this legacy of being small, homogenous countries.
109
304066
3349
05:07
And that leads to a progressive welfare state,
110
307439
3717
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ง„๋ณด์  ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€
05:11
a set of progressive left-leaning values, which says,
111
311180
2803
์ ์  ์ขŒํŒŒ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"๋„๊ฐœ๊ต๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ผ! ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ณณ์ด์•ผ.
05:14
"Drawbridge down! The world is a great place.
112
314007
3001
์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด! ์ด๋“ค์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ด."
05:17
People in Syria are suffering -- we must welcome them in."
113
317032
3032
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
05:20
And it's a beautiful thing.
114
320088
1377
05:21
But if, and I was in Sweden this summer,
115
321934
2583
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ์ €๋Š” ์Šค์›จ๋ด์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:24
if the discourse in Sweden is fairly politically correct
116
324541
3183
์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ๋‹ด๋ก ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ณ 
05:27
and they can't talk about the downsides,
117
327748
2237
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ผ๋ฉด
๋งŽ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
you end up bringing a lot of people in.
118
330009
1987
์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
05:32
That's going to cut social capital,
119
332020
1692
05:33
it makes it hard to have a welfare state
120
333736
1945
๋ณต์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
and they might end up, as we have in America,
121
335705
2556
์Šค์›จ๋ด์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ
05:38
with a racially divided, visibly racially divided, society.
122
338285
3613
์ธ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์—ด๋œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
So this is all very uncomfortable to talk about.
123
341922
2260
๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:44
But I think this is the thing, especially in Europe and for us, too,
124
344206
3245
์ „ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด
์‚ดํŽด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
we need to be looking at.
125
347475
1193
05:48
CA: You're saying that people of reason,
126
348692
2086
CA: ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜ ๋ง์”€์€ ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
05:50
people who would consider themselves not racists,
127
350802
2488
์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
05:53
but moral, upstanding people,
128
353314
1727
๋„๋•์ ์ด๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์„œ๋กœ์™€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:55
have a rationale that says humans are just too different;
129
355065
2946
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์„ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ์„ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํฌ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ
05:58
that we're in danger of overloading our sense of what humans are capable of,
130
358035
5439
06:03
by mixing in people who are too different.
131
363498
2490
๋„˜์–ด์„ค ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š”.
JH: ๋„ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
06:06
JH: Yes, but I can make it much more palatable
132
366012
3540
06:09
by saying it's not necessarily about race.
133
369576
2798
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
It's about culture.
134
372819
1267
๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ฐจ์ด์ด์—์š”.
์ •์น˜ํ•™์ž ์บ๋Ÿฐ ์Šคํ…Œ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ฑ…์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
06:14
There's wonderful work by a political scientist named Karen Stenner,
135
374110
4173
06:18
who shows that when people have a sense
136
378307
3227
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹จ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ 
06:21
that we are all united, we're all the same,
137
381558
2235
์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด
06:23
there are many people who have a predisposition to authoritarianism.
138
383817
3250
๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ๋„๋•์  ์งˆ์„œ์—
06:27
Those people aren't particularly racist
139
387091
2042
์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ
06:29
when they feel as through there's not a threat
140
389157
2167
06:31
to our social and moral order.
141
391348
1699
๋”ฑํžˆ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:33
But if you prime them experimentally
142
393071
2033
'์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์—ด๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๊ณ , ์„œ๋กœ ๋” ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด
06:35
by thinking we're coming apart, people are getting more different,
143
395128
3132
06:38
then they get more racist, homophobic, they want to kick out the deviants.
144
398284
3523
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ , ๋™์„ฑ์• ํ˜์˜ค์ ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์ผํƒˆ์ž๋“ค์„ ์ถ”๋ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์š”.
06:41
So it's in part that you get an authoritarian reaction.
145
401831
2907
์ฆ‰, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
The left, following through the Lennonist line --
146
404762
2337
์ขŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ๋…ผ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
์กด ๋ ˆ๋…ผ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑด
06:47
the John Lennon line --
147
407123
1286
06:48
does things that create an authoritarian reaction.
148
408433
2409
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
We're certainly seeing that in America with the alt-right.
149
410866
2795
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ์šฐํŒŒ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ทน์ด ๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ด๊ณ 
06:53
We saw it in Britain, we've seen it all over Europe.
150
413685
2582
์˜๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
06:56
But the more positive part of that
151
416291
2582
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
06:58
is that I think the localists, or the nationalists, are actually right --
152
418897
4297
์ง€์—ญ์ด๊ธฐ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ตญ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งž๋Š” ์ ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:03
that, if you emphasize our cultural similarity,
153
423218
3787
์ฆ‰, ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด
์ธ์ข…์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
then race doesn't actually matter very much.
154
427029
2227
07:09
So an assimilationist approach to immigration
155
429280
2708
๋™ํ™”์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฏผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:12
removes a lot of these problems.
156
432012
1557
07:13
And if you value having a generous welfare state,
157
433593
2387
๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค' ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
you've got to emphasize that we're all the same.
158
436004
2473
07:18
CA: OK, so rising immigration and fears about that
159
438840
3094
CA: ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด
07:21
are one of the causes of the current divide.
160
441958
3167
ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ถ„์—ด์˜ ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:25
What are other causes?
161
445149
1713
07:26
JH: The next principle of moral psychology
162
446886
2021
JH: ๋„๋• ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ์›์น™์€
07:28
is that intuitions come first, strategic reasoning second.
163
448931
3803
์ง๊ฐ์ด ๋จผ์ €๊ณ  ์ „๋žต์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
You've probably heard the term "motivated reasoning"
164
452758
2480
์˜๋„์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„
07:35
or "confirmation bias."
165
455262
1607
ํ˜น์€ ํ™•์ฆ ํŽธํ–ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
There's some really interesting work
166
456893
1917
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์™”๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:38
on how our high intelligence and our verbal abilities
167
458834
3077
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€
07:41
might have evolved not to help us find out the truth,
168
461935
3202
์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์„ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ‰ํŒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
but to help us manipulate each other, defend our reputation ...
169
465161
2972
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
We're really, really good at justifying ourselves.
170
468157
2966
์ง‘๋‹จ ์ด์ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
07:51
And when you bring group interests into account,
171
471147
2367
07:53
so it's not just me, it's my team versus your team,
172
473538
2737
๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌํŽธ ๋Œ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์ด ๋˜์ง€์š”.
07:56
whereas if you're evaluating evidence that your side is wrong,
173
476299
2913
์šฐ๋ฆฌํŽธ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ด๋„
07:59
we just can't accept that.
174
479236
1757
๋„์ €ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์šฉ๋‚ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ •์น˜์  ๋…ผ์Ÿ์— ์Šน์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:01
So this is why you can't win a political argument.
175
481017
2717
08:03
If you're debating something,
176
483758
1493
์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ•ด๋„
08:05
you can't persuade the person with reasons and evidence,
177
485275
3047
ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์„ ์„ค๋“์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
because that's not the way reasoning works.
178
488346
2345
์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์• ์ดˆ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:10
So now, give us the internet, give us Google:
179
490715
3115
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท, ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:14
"I heard that Barack Obama was born in Kenya.
180
494522
2730
"๋ฐ”๋ฝ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์ผ€๋ƒ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Œ€."
08:17
Let me Google that -- oh my God! 10 million hits! Look, he was!"
181
497276
3948
"๊ตฌ๊ธ€ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด -- ์„ธ์ƒ์—! ์กฐํšŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ๋งŒ ๊ฑด์ด๋„ค! ์ง„์งœ์˜€๋„ค!"
08:21
CA: So this has come as an unpleasant surprise to a lot of people.
182
501248
3140
CA: ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
Social media has often been framed by techno-optimists
183
504412
2848
๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋‚™๊ด€๋ก ์ž๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ
08:27
as this great connecting force that would bring people together.
184
507284
5247
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€๋งŒ
08:32
And there have been some unexpected counter-effects to that.
185
512555
3922
์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์—ญํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ง€์š”?
08:36
JH: That's right.
186
516922
1151
JH: ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ขŒ-์šฐํŒŒ๋“ฑ์—์„œ
08:38
That's why I'm very enamored of yin-yang views
187
518097
2381
08:40
of human nature and left-right --
188
520502
1618
์Œ์–‘์  ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํŽธ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ณ๊ณ 
08:42
that each side is right about certain things,
189
522144
2466
08:44
but then it goes blind to other things.
190
524634
2121
์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งน์ ์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
And so the left generally believes that human nature is good:
191
526779
2978
์ขŒํŒŒ ์„ฑํ–ฅ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ์„ ์„ค์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ํŽธ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:49
bring people together, knock down the walls and all will be well.
192
529781
3165
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
08:52
The right -- social conservatives, not libertarians --
193
532970
2558
์šฐํŒŒ ์„ฑํ–ฅ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์ž ๋ง๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด์š”.
08:55
social conservatives generally believe people can be greedy
194
535552
4253
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํƒ์š•์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ , ์„ฑ์š•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:59
and sexual and selfish,
195
539829
1382
์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
and we need regulation, and we need restrictions.
196
541235
2420
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทœ์ œ์™€ ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
09:04
So, yeah, if you knock down all the walls,
197
544214
2402
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ๊ณ 
09:06
allow people to communicate all over the world,
198
546640
2229
์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์Œ๊ป ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด
09:08
you get a lot of porn and a lot of racism.
199
548893
2058
์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํฌ๋ฅด๋…ธ์™€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„๋„ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
CA: So help us understand.
200
550975
1261
CA: ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜ ๋ง์”€์€
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์˜ ์›์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
09:12
These principles of human nature have been with us forever.
201
552260
5552
09:18
What's changed that's deepened this feeling of division?
202
558918
4774
์ตœ๊ทผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์—ด๊ฐ์ด ๋” ๊นŠ์–ด์ง„ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์š”?
09:24
JH: You have to see six to ten different threads all coming together.
203
564360
4656
JH: ํ˜„์žฌ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€์—์„œ ์—ด ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •๋„ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:29
I'll just list a couple of them.
204
569373
1693
๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋งŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
09:31
So in America, one of the big -- actually, America and Europe --
205
571398
4478
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ, ์•„๋‹ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ
09:35
one of the biggest ones is World War II.
206
575900
1913
์ œ์ผ ํฐ ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
There's interesting research from Joe Henrich and others
207
577837
2643
์กฐ ํ—จ๋ฆฌํฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:40
that says if your country was at war,
208
580504
2403
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์นฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:42
especially when you were young,
209
582931
1557
ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ์š”.
09:44
then we test you 30 years later in a commons dilemma
210
584512
3114
๊ทธ 30๋…„ ๋’ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ
09:47
or a prisoner's dilemma,
211
587650
1329
์ฃ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋” ํ˜‘์กฐ์ ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
you're more cooperative.
212
589003
1291
09:50
Because of our tribal nature, if you're --
213
590983
2873
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜์‹ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์š”.
์ €ํฌ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „๋•Œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:53
my parents were teenagers during World War II,
214
593880
2917
09:56
and they would go out looking for scraps of aluminum
215
596821
2561
๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„
09:59
to help the war effort.
216
599406
1189
์ „์Ÿ ๋ฌผ์ž ์ง€์›์„ ๋„์™”๋‹จ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
I mean, everybody pulled together.
217
600619
2178
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณค์–ด์š”.
10:02
And so then these people go on,
218
602821
1529
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด์„œ
10:04
they rise up through business and government,
219
604374
2398
ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ์Šน์ง„์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
10:06
they take leadership positions.
220
606796
1631
์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:08
They're really good at compromise and cooperation.
221
608451
3251
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํƒ€ํ˜‘๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ์•„์ฃผ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•ด์š”.
10:11
They all retire by the '90s.
222
611726
1935
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  90๋…„๋Œ€์ฏค ๋‹ค๋“ค ์€ํ‡ดํ•˜์ง€์š”.
10:13
So we're left with baby boomers by the end of the '90s.
223
613685
3301
90๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ง์—” ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ€๋จธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ Š์Œ์„ ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ์™€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
10:17
And their youth was spent fighting each other within each country,
224
617010
3967
1968๋…„ ํ›„๋กœ์š”.
10:21
in 1968 and afterwards.
225
621001
1647
10:22
The loss of the World War II generation, "The Greatest Generation,"
226
622672
3994
2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „ ์„ธ๋Œ€, "๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€" ์˜ ์ƒ์‹ค์€
10:26
is huge.
227
626690
1284
๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
So that's one.
228
628567
1175
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๊ณ ์š”.
10:30
Another, in America, is the purification of the two parties.
229
630440
3123
๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‘ ์ •๋‹น์ด ๋” ์ •์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
There used to be liberal Republicans and conservative Democrats.
230
633949
3047
์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š” ์ง„๋ณด์  ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์›๋„, ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์›๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–‘๋‹น์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
So America had a mid-20th century that was really bipartisan.
231
637020
3167
10:40
But because of a variety of factors that started things moving,
232
640211
4367
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ๋ฆ„์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ
10:44
by the 90's, we had a purified liberal party and conservative party.
233
644602
3398
90๋…„๋Œ€ ์™€์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ œ๋œ ์ง„๋ณด๋‹น๊ณผ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋‹น์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
๊ฐ ๋‹น์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ •๋ง ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
So now, the people in either party really are different,
234
648024
2645
10:50
and we really don't want our children to marry them,
235
650693
2483
์ž์‹๋“ค์ด ์ €์ชฝ ๋‹นํŒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ์š”.
10:53
which, in the '60s, didn't matter very much.
236
653200
2068
60๋…„๋Œ€๋Š” ์ •์น˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:55
So, the purification of the parties.
237
655292
1797
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋‹นํŒŒ์˜ ์ •์ œํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
10:57
Third is the internet and, as I said,
238
657113
2472
10:59
it's just the most amazing stimulant for post-hoc reasoning and demonization.
239
659609
4683
์‚ฌํ›„ ๋…ผ์ฆ๊ณผ ์•…๋งˆํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋”ํ• ๋‚˜์œ„ ์—†๋Š” ์ž๊ทน์ œ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:04
CA: The tone of what's happening on the internet now is quite troubling.
240
664316
4792
์š”์ฆ˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ž ๊น ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:09
I just did a quick search on Twitter about the election
241
669132
2847
์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํŠธ์œ—์ด ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ๋œจ๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
11:12
and saw two tweets next to each other.
242
672003
2920
11:15
One, against a picture of racist graffiti:
243
675335
4212
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผํ‹ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
"ํ˜์˜ค์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ!
11:20
"This is disgusting!
244
680007
1633
11:21
Ugliness in this country, brought to us by #Trump."
245
681664
3170
#ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ƒ๊ธด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ถ”ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต"
11:25
And then the next one is:
246
685424
1382
๋‹ค์Œ ํŠธ์œ—์€
11:27
"Crooked Hillary dedication page. Disgusting!"
247
687339
3303
"์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊พผ ํž๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€. ํ˜์˜ค์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ!"
"ํ˜์˜ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค" ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์ „ ์ฐธ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•ด์š”.
11:31
So this idea of "disgust" is troubling to me.
248
691176
4207
11:35
Because you can have an argument or a disagreement about something,
249
695407
3235
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์–ธ์Ÿ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
you can get angry at someone.
250
698666
1561
ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "ํ˜์˜ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค" ๋Š” ๊ฑด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊นŠ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด์š”.
11:41
Disgust, I've heard you say, takes things to a much deeper level.
251
701094
3593
11:44
JH: That's right. Disgust is different.
252
704711
1887
JH: ๋งž์•„์š”. ํ˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Anger -- you know, I have kids.
253
706622
1963
๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
์ €ํฌ ์• ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์—ด ๋ฒˆ์€ ์‹ธ์›Œ์š”.
11:48
They fight 10 times a day,
254
708609
1750
11:50
and they love each other 30 times a day.
255
710383
1967
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ๋ฅธ ๋ฒˆ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด์š”.
11:52
You just go back and forth: you get angry, you're not angry;
256
712374
2910
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์™”๋‹ค ๊ฐ”๋‹ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:55
you're angry, you're not angry.
257
715308
1523
11:56
But disgust is different.
258
716855
1310
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
Disgust paints the person as subhuman, monstrous,
259
718189
4473
ํ˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ, ๊ดด๋ฌผ๋กœ
12:02
deformed, morally deformed.
260
722686
1809
๋„๋•์ ์ธ ๊ธฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
Disgust is like indelible ink.
261
724519
2424
ํ˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ง€์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ž‰ํฌ์™€๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
There's research from John Gottman on marital therapy.
262
727768
3515
์กด ๊ณ ํŠธ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
12:11
If you look at the faces -- if one of the couple shows disgust or contempt,
263
731307
5125
๋ถ€๋ถ€ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์— ํ˜์˜ค๋‚˜ ์—ญ๊ฒจ์›€์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉด
12:16
that's a predictor that they're going to get divorced soon,
264
736456
3096
์กฐ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ˜ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
whereas if they show anger, that doesn't predict anything,
265
739576
2899
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—๋„ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
because if you deal with anger well, it actually is good.
266
742499
2709
์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
12:25
So this election is different.
267
745232
1452
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
Donald Trump personally uses the word "disgust" a lot.
268
746708
3654
๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ "ํ˜์˜ค" ๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ์จ์š”.
12:30
He's very germ-sensitive, so disgust does matter a lot --
269
750386
2857
์„ธ๊ท ์— ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ˆ "์—ญ๊ฒจ์›€" ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฐ์ •์€
12:33
more for him, that's something unique to him --
270
753267
3910
๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ํŠนํžˆ ๋” ์™€ ๋‹ฟ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:37
but as we demonize each other more,
271
757201
2903
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋” ์•…๋งˆํ™” ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
๋งˆ๋‹ˆ๊ต๋„์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€, ์ฆ‰
12:40
and again, through the Manichaean worldview,
272
760128
3409
12:43
the idea that the world is a battle between good and evil
273
763561
2730
์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์„ ๊ณผ ์•…์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฒฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
12:46
as this has been ramping up,
274
766315
1347
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด
12:47
we're more likely not just to say they're wrong or I don't like them,
275
767686
3326
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์  ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋„˜์–ด
์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ์‚ฌ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•…๋งˆ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ
12:51
but we say they're evil, they're satanic,
276
771036
2536
12:53
they're disgusting, they're revolting.
277
773596
1921
ํ˜์˜ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์—ญ๊ฒน๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
And then we want nothing to do with them.
278
775541
2866
์•„์˜ˆ ์ƒ๋Œ€์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์š”.
12:58
And that's why I think we're seeing it, for example, on campus now.
279
778806
3487
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์š”์ฆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์˜ ์›์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
We're seeing more the urge to keep people off campus,
280
782317
2640
๋Œ€ํ•™๋งŒ ๋ด๋„ ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋“ค์ด์ง€ ๋ง์ž๋Š” ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:04
silence them, keep them away.
281
784981
1945
๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:06
I'm afraid that this whole generation of young people,
282
786950
2595
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ Š์€ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜
13:09
if their introduction to politics involves a lot of disgust,
283
789569
3793
์ •์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒซ ์ธ์ƒ์ด ํ˜์˜ค๋กœ ์ ์ฒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:13
they're not going to want to be involved in politics as they get older.
284
793386
3705
๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
CA: So how do we deal with that?
285
797506
1840
CA: ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
13:19
Disgust. How do you defuse disgust?
286
799370
4480
ํ˜์˜ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ง„์ •์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
13:24
JH: You can't do it with reasons.
287
804874
1948
JH: ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
13:27
I think ...
288
807312
1191
์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”์š”.
13:30
I studied disgust for many years, and I think about emotions a lot.
289
810257
3217
์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜์˜ค ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ •๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์™”์–ด์š”.
13:33
And I think that the opposite of disgust is actually love.
290
813498
3525
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ํ˜์˜ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
Love is all about, like ...
291
817764
3091
๋งˆ์น˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด๋ž€...
13:41
Disgust is closing off, borders.
292
821239
2571
ํ˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
Love is about dissolving walls.
293
823834
2545
์‚ฌ๋ž‘์€ ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
์•„๋งˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€
13:47
So personal relationships, I think,
294
827074
2480
13:49
are probably the most powerful means we have.
295
829578
2759
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
You can be disgusted by a group of people,
296
833291
2697
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ํ˜์˜ค๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ช…์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋”๋‹ˆ
13:56
but then you meet a particular person
297
836012
1918
13:57
and you genuinely discover that they're lovely.
298
837954
2776
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฐธ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
14:00
And then gradually that chips away or changes your category as well.
299
840754
4296
๊ทธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ ์  ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„, ์˜ˆ์ „ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋งˆ์„๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋”
14:06
The tragedy is, Americans used to be much more mixed up in the their towns
300
846016
5977
์ขŒ์šฐ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์น˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
by left-right or politics.
301
852017
2134
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์ •์น˜์„ฑํ–ฅ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„๋•์  ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ด ๋˜์–ด
14:14
And now that it's become this great moral divide,
302
854175
2331
14:16
there's a lot of evidence that we're moving to be near people
303
856530
3143
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ •์น˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋งž๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
14:19
who are like us politically.
304
859697
1512
์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
It's harder to find somebody who's on the other side.
305
861233
2530
์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์— ์†ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์ง„๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:23
So they're over there, they're far away.
306
863787
2290
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์ €์ชฝ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
It's harder to get to know them.
307
866101
1570
14:27
CA: What would you say to someone or say to Americans,
308
867695
4224
CA: ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ, ํ˜น์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋“ 
14:31
people generally,
309
871943
1158
ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
์„œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ
14:33
about what we should understand about each other
310
873125
2609
14:35
that might help us rethink for a minute
311
875758
3475
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ "ํ—˜์˜ค" ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์„
14:39
this "disgust" instinct?
312
879257
2203
๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
JH: ๋„ค.
14:42
JH: Yes.
313
882086
1152
14:43
A really important thing to keep in mind --
314
883262
2153
๊ผญ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:45
there's research by political scientist Alan Abramowitz,
315
885439
4716
์ •์น˜ํ•™์ž ์•Œ๋ž€ ์•„๋ธŒ๋ผ๋ชจ๋น„์ธ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์ ์  ๋”
14:50
showing that American democracy is increasingly governed
316
890179
3993
14:54
by what's called "negative partisanship."
317
894196
2243
"๋ถ€์ •์  ๋‹นํŒŒ์‹ฌ" ์— ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
That means you think, OK there's a candidate,
318
896875
3111
์–ด๋–ค ์„ ๊ฑฐ ํ›„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค๋ฉด ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
15:00
you like the candidate, you vote for the candidate.
319
900010
2406
15:02
But with the rise of negative advertising
320
902440
2059
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์šด๋™์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ
15:04
and social media and all sorts of other trends,
321
904523
2224
์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋“ฑ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ถ”์„ธ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
15:06
increasingly, the way elections are done
322
906771
2041
์ด์ œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ ์  ๋”
15:08
is that each side tries to make the other side so horrible, so awful,
323
908836
3981
์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์„ ์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์•…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
15:12
that you'll vote for my guy by default.
324
912841
2041
์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŽธ์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
15:15
And so as we more and more vote against the other side
325
915319
2970
์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
15:18
and not for our side,
326
918313
1331
๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํˆฌํ‘œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”.
15:19
you have to keep in mind that if people are on the left,
327
919668
5507
์ขŒํŒŒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
15:25
they think, "Well, I used to think that Republicans were bad,
328
925199
2910
"๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์›๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
์ด์ œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„ค.
15:28
but now Donald Trump proves it.
329
928133
1483
15:29
And now every Republican, I can paint with all the things
330
929640
2851
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์›๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์™€
15:32
that I think about Trump."
331
932515
1382
๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋˜๊ฒ ๊ตฌ๋‚˜."
15:33
And that's not necessarily true.
332
933921
1593
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
15:35
They're generally not very happy with their candidate.
333
935538
2692
์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฝ‘๋Š” ํ›„๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ์š”.
15:38
This is the most negative partisanship election in American history.
334
938254
4716
์ด ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์ •์  ๋‹นํŒŒ์‹ฌ์ด ์‹ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
So you have to first separate your feelings about the candidate
335
943860
3363
์ผ๋‹จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€, ํŠน์ • ํ›„๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ
15:47
from your feelings about the people who are given a choice.
336
947247
2937
์„ ํƒ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
And then you have to realize that,
337
950208
2483
๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑด
15:53
because we all live in a separate moral world --
338
953246
2420
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋„๋•์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
the metaphor I use in the book is that we're all trapped in "The Matrix,"
339
955690
3451
์ œ ์ฑ…์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™”์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋„๋• ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์˜ ํ™˜๊ฐ์ด์š”.
15:59
or each moral community is a matrix, a consensual hallucination.
340
959165
3524
16:02
And so if you're within the blue matrix,
341
962713
2243
ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
16:04
everything's completely compelling that the other side --
342
964980
3194
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
they're troglodytes, they're racists, they're the worst people in the world,
343
968198
3631
์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์ด ์›์‹œ์ธ, ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž, ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒŒ์š”.
16:11
and you have all the facts to back that up.
344
971853
2104
๊ทธ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ํƒ„ํƒ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
But somebody in the next house from yours
345
973981
2275
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์˜†์ง‘์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด์›ƒ์€
16:16
is living in a different moral matrix.
346
976280
2033
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„๋•์  ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
16:18
They live in a different video game,
347
978337
1947
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์•ˆ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”.
16:20
and they see a completely different set of facts.
348
980308
2378
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:22
And each one sees different threats to the country.
349
982710
2676
๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„ํ˜‘๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
And what I've found from being in the middle
350
985410
2090
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ค‘๋„ํŒŒ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ
16:27
and trying to understand both sides is: both sides are right.
351
987524
2927
๋˜ ์–‘์ชฝ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฑด ์–‘์ชฝ ๋‹ค ๋งž๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
There are a lot of threats to this country,
352
990475
2120
์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์œ„ํ˜‘์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ๊ณ 
์–ด๋Š ํ•œ์ชฝ๋„ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ„ํ˜‘๋“ค์„ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:32
and each side is constitutionally incapable of seeing them all.
353
992619
3485
16:36
CA: So, are you saying that we almost need a new type of empathy?
354
996963
6519
CA: ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์”€์ด์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
16:43
Empathy is traditionally framed as:
355
1003506
2170
๊ณต๊ฐ์€ ์ „ํ†ต์  ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
16:45
"Oh, I feel your pain. I can put myself in your shoes."
356
1005700
2691
"๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”."
16:48
And we apply it to the poor, the needy, the suffering.
357
1008415
2929
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 'ํƒ€์ธ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜
16:52
We don't usually apply it to people who we feel as other,
358
1012023
3823
16:55
or we're disgusted by.
359
1015870
1465
ํ˜์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
16:57
JH: No. That's right.
360
1017359
1151
JH: ๋งž์•„์š”.
16:58
CA: What would it look like to build that type of empathy?
361
1018534
4830
CA: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ํ‚ค์šด๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
17:04
JH: Actually, I think ...
362
1024268
1238
JH: ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—”
ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”.
17:06
Empathy is a very, very hot topic in psychology,
363
1026145
2305
17:08
and it's a very popular word on the left in particular.
364
1028474
2658
์ขŒํŒŒ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์•„์ฃผ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ฃ .
๊ณต๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด์ž ๊ณ„์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
17:11
Empathy is a good thing, and empathy for the preferred classes of victims.
365
1031156
4000
17:15
So it's important to empathize
366
1035180
1453
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™์€ ์ขŒํŒŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ
17:16
with the groups that we on the left think are so important.
367
1036657
2824
์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์•ฝ์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
That's easy to do, because you get points for that.
368
1039505
2531
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‰ฌ์›Œ์š”. ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
17:22
But empathy really should get you points if you do it when it's hard to do.
369
1042442
3649
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๋•Œ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
And, I think ...
370
1046513
1754
์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”
17:28
You know, we had a long 50-year period of dealing with our race problems
371
1048291
5088
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ธ์ข… ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€
17:33
and legal discrimination,
372
1053403
2255
๋ฒ•์  ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•ด์™”๊ณ 
17:35
and that was our top priority for a long time
373
1055682
2187
์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ตœ์šฐ์„  ๊ณผ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
and it still is important.
374
1057893
1250
์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
์ €๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
17:39
But I think this year,
375
1059167
1529
17:40
I'm hoping it will make people see
376
1060720
2404
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์กด์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋‹ฅ์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”.
17:43
that we have an existential threat on our hands.
377
1063148
2795
17:45
Our left-right divide, I believe,
378
1065967
2667
์ขŒ-์šฐํŒŒ์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด์€, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹จ์—ฐ์ฝ”
17:48
is by far the most important divide we face.
379
1068658
2160
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์—ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:50
We still have issues about race and gender and LGBT,
380
1070842
3031
์ธ์ข…๊ณผ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, LGBT์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
but this is the urgent need of the next 50 years,
381
1073897
3371
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ขŒ-์šฐ ๋ถ„์—ด์€ ํ–ฅํ›„ 50๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ณ 
17:57
and things aren't going to get better on their own.
382
1077292
2861
์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์ œ๋„์  ๊ฐœ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:01
So we're going to need to do a lot of institutional reforms,
383
1081021
2835
18:03
and we could talk about that,
384
1083880
1409
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋…ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
18:05
but that's like a whole long, wonky conversation.
385
1085313
2330
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
18:07
But I think it starts with people realizing that this is a turning point.
386
1087667
3846
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์€, ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™˜์ ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
And yes, we need a new kind of empathy.
387
1091537
2809
๋งž์•„์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
We need to realize:
388
1094370
1505
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:15
this is what our country needs,
389
1095899
1542
์ด๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
18:17
and this is what you need if you don't want to --
390
1097465
2354
๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”.
18:19
Raise your hand if you want to spend the next four years
391
1099843
2695
๋‹ค์Œ 4๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์˜ฌํ•ด๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
18:22
as angry and worried as you've been for the last year -- raise your hand.
392
1102562
3486
๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์† ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉด
18:26
So if you want to escape from this,
393
1106072
1705
18:27
read Buddha, read Jesus, read Marcus Aurelius.
394
1107801
2151
๋ถ€์ฒ˜, ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜, ๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฟ ์Šค ์•„์šฐ๋ ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
18:29
They have all kinds of great advice for how to drop the fear,
395
1109976
5062
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
18:35
reframe things,
396
1115062
1178
18:36
stop seeing other people as your enemy.
397
1116264
2083
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
There's a lot of guidance in ancient wisdom for this kind of empathy.
398
1118371
3307
๊ณ ์ „์˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
CA: ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:41
CA: Here's my last question:
399
1121702
1377
๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์น˜์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
18:43
Personally, what can people do to help heal?
400
1123103
4335
18:47
JH: Yeah, it's very hard to just decide to overcome your deepest prejudices.
401
1127462
4083
JH: ๋งž์•„์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŠ์€ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ด๊ฒจ๋‚ด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
And there's research showing
402
1131569
1461
์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ์ธ์ข… ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊นŠ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:53
that political prejudices are deeper and stronger than race prejudices
403
1133054
4349
18:57
in the country now.
404
1137427
1260
18:59
So I think you have to make an effort -- that's the main thing.
405
1139395
3432
์ œ์ผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:02
Make an effort to actually meet somebody.
406
1142851
2004
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
19:04
Everybody has a cousin, a brother-in-law,
407
1144879
2210
๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ด๋‚˜, ์‹œ์•„์ฃผ๋ฒ„๋‹˜์ด๋‚˜
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์š”.
19:07
somebody who's on the other side.
408
1147113
1869
์ด ์„ ๊ฑฐ ํ›„์—
19:09
So, after this election --
409
1149006
1816
19:11
wait a week or two,
410
1151252
1351
์šฐ์„  1-2 ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
19:12
because it's probably going to feel awful for one of you --
411
1152627
2836
๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊ดด๋กœ์šด ์ƒํƒœ์ผํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
19:15
but wait a couple weeks, and then reach out and say you want to talk.
412
1155487
4152
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ 2์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
19:19
And before you do it,
413
1159663
1424
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
๋จผ์ € ๋ฐ์ผ ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ก ์„ ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
19:21
read Dale Carnegie, "How to Win Friends and Influence People" --
414
1161111
3145
19:24
(Laughter)
415
1164280
1039
(์›ƒ์Œ)
์ง„์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:25
I'm totally serious.
416
1165343
1167
์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”.
19:26
You'll learn techniques if you start by acknowledging,
417
1166534
2590
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:29
if you start by saying,
418
1169148
1161
19:30
"You know, we don't agree on a lot,
419
1170333
1670
"์‚ผ์ดŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฅ ์‚ผ์ดŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ •๋ง ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์€..."
19:32
but one thing I really respect about you, Uncle Bob,"
420
1172027
2538
19:34
or "... about you conservatives, is ... "
421
1174589
2059
ํ˜น์€ "๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ •๋ง ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์€..."
19:36
And you can find something.
422
1176672
1334
๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ• ๋ง์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์นญ์ฐฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋งˆ๋ฒ•๊ฐ™์€ ํšจ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
19:38
If you start with some appreciation, it's like magic.
423
1178030
2763
19:40
This is one of the main things I've learned
424
1180817
2114
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
19:42
that I take into my human relationships.
425
1182955
1913
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:44
I still make lots of stupid mistakes,
426
1184892
1920
์ „ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
19:46
but I'm incredibly good at apologizing now,
427
1186836
2016
์ด์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
19:48
and at acknowledging what somebody was right about.
428
1188876
2417
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
19:51
And if you do that,
429
1191317
1154
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
19:52
then the conversation goes really well, and it's actually really fun.
430
1192495
3494
๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
19:56
CA: Jon, it's absolutely fascinating speaking with you.
431
1196717
2645
CA: ์กด, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:59
It really does feel like the ground that we're on
432
1199386
3758
ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์€
๋„๋•๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ฒ ๋œ ๊ณณ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:03
is a ground populated by deep questions of morality and human nature.
433
1203168
4867
20:08
Your wisdom couldn't be more relevant.
434
1208366
2424
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋งŒํผ ์™€๋‹ฟ๋Š” ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:10
Thank you so much for sharing this time with us.
435
1210814
2295
์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
JH: ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค.
20:13
JH: Thanks, Chris.
436
1213133
1152
20:14
JH: Thanks, everyone.
437
1214309
1161
JH: ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:15
(Applause)
438
1215494
2000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7