Design at the Intersection of Technology and Biology | Neri Oxman | TED Talks

861,535 views ใƒป 2015-10-29

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hansol Ryu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Two twin domes,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด ๋”์—๋Š”
00:15
two radically opposed design cultures.
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์„œ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
One is made of thousands of steel parts,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธˆ์† ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ 
00:22
the other of a single silk thread.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ช…์ฃผ์‹ค ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ๋งŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
One is synthetic, the other organic.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
One is imposed on the environment,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜๊ณ 
00:31
the other creates it.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
One is designed for nature, the other is designed by her.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””์ž์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์ด ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Michelangelo said that when he looked at raw marble,
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๋ฏธ์ผˆ๋ž€์ ค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ ์›์„์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
00:40
he saw a figure struggling to be free.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชธ๋ถ€๋ฆผ์น˜๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
The chisel was Michelangelo's only tool.
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๋ฏธ์ผˆ๋ž€์ ค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
But living things are not chiseled.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ด์•„ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
They grow.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž๋ผ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
And in our smallest units of life, our cells, we carry all the information
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋‹จ์œ„์ธ ์„ธํฌ๋Š”
00:59
that's required for every other cell to function and to replicate.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Tools also have consequences.
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๋„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
At least since the Industrial Revolution, the world of design has been dominated
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š”
์ œ์กฐ์—…๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ‹€์— ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋‹นํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
by the rigors of manufacturing and mass production.
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01:16
Assembly lines have dictated a world made of parts,
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์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋ผ์ธ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
framing the imagination of designers and architects
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๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์™€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œํ•œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:22
who have been trained to think about their objects as assemblies
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๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ
01:25
of discrete parts with distinct functions.
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๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
But you don't find homogenous material assemblies in nature.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Take human skin, for example.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ .
01:38
Our facial skins are thin with large pores.
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์–ผ๊ตด ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์–‡์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๊ณต์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
Our back skins are thicker, with small pores.
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๋“ฑ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‘๊ป๊ณ  ๋ชจ๊ณต์ด ์ž‘์ฃ .
01:45
One acts mainly as filter,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:48
the other mainly as barrier,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํŒจ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
and yet it's the same skin: no parts, no assemblies.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„, ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
01:54
It's a system that gradually varies its functionality
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํƒ„์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:57
by varying elasticity.
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
So here this is a split screen to represent my split world view,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„ํ•  ํ™”๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์˜ ์–‘๋ถ„๋œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:03
the split personality of every designer and architect operating today
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ํ˜„์žฌ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์™€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ถ„ํ• ๋œ ์ธ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
between the chisel and the gene,
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์ด ๋ถ„ํ• ์€ ๋Œ๊ณผ ์œ ์ „์ž ์‚ฌ์ด,
02:10
between machine and organism, between assembly and growth,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์‚ฌ์ด, ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ด,
02:15
between Henry Ford and Charles Darwin.
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ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๋“œ์™€ ์ฐฐ์Šค ๋‹ค์œˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ถ„ํ• ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
These two worldviews, my left brain and right brain,
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์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€,
02:21
analysis and synthesis, will play out on the two screens behind me.
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์ขŒ๋‡Œ์™€ ์šฐ๋‡Œ, ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ด ์น˜์—ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
My work, at its simplest level,
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์ œ ์ผ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:32
is about uniting these two worldviews,
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
moving away from assembly
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์กฐ๋ฆฝ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜
02:37
and closer into growth.
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์„ฑ์žฅ์— ํ•œ์ธต ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:41
You're probably asking yourselves:
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Why now?
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์™œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ผ๊นŒ?
02:44
Why was this not possible 10 or even five years ago?
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์™œ 10๋…„ ์ „์ด๋‚˜ 5๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ?
02:50
We live in a very special time in history,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
a rare time,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋•Œ์ฃ .
02:54
a time when the confluence of four fields is giving designers access to tools
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๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์œตํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์ด ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜
02:59
we've never had access to before.
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๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
These fields are computational design,
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๋จผ์ €, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋””์ž์ธ์€
03:05
allowing us to design complex forms with simple code;
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋กœ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
additive manufacturing, letting us produce parts
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์ ์ธต ๊ฐ€๊ณต์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊นŽ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:14
by adding material rather than carving it out;
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์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
materials engineering, which lets us design the behavior of materials
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์†Œ์žฌ ๊ณตํ•™์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋กœ
03:21
in high resolution;
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๋””์ž์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:23
and synthetic biology,
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ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์€
03:24
enabling us to design new biological functionality by editing DNA.
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DNA ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
And at the intersection of these four fields,
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์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ์ ์—์„œ
03:31
my team and I create.
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์ €์™€ ์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
Please meet the minds and hands
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €ํฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ์†(MIT์˜ ๊ต์œก ์ฒ ํ•™)์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:35
of my students.
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03:39
We design objects and products and structures and tools across scales,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด์™€ ์ œํ’ˆ, ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋””์ž์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
from the large-scale,
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์งธ๋กœ ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธํ• 
03:47
like this robotic arm with an 80-foot diameter reach
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03:50
with a vehicular base that will one day soon print entire buildings,
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๋ฐ”ํ€ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ 80ํ”ผํŠธ ์ง๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:54
to nanoscale graphics made entirely of genetically engineered microorganisms
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์ž‘๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ ๋น›์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ 
03:59
that glow in the dark.
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๋‚˜๋…ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:01
Here we've reimagined the mashrabiya,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ผ๋น„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
an archetype of ancient Arabic architecture,
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์•„๋ž ๊ฑด์ถ• ์–‘์‹์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ด์ฃ .
04:06
and created a screen where every aperture is uniquely sized
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ
04:10
to shape the form of light and heat moving through it.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋น›๊ณผ ์—ด์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
In our next project,
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๋‹ค์Œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š”
04:16
we explore the possibility of creating a cape and skirt --
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งํ† ์™€ ์น˜๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
this was for a Paris fashion show with Iris van Herpen --
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์•„์ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ฐ˜ ํ—ค๋ฅดํŽœ๊ณผ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํŒจ์…˜์‡ผ์— ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ž‘์—…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
like a second skin that are made of a single part,
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์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ท์ธ๋ฐ
04:25
stiff at the contours, flexible around the waist.
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์œค๊ณฝ์„ ์€ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Together with my long-term 3D printing collaborator Stratasys,
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์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด์˜จ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ… ์—…์ฒด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผํƒ€์‹œ์Šค์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์—…ํ•ด์„œ
04:33
we 3D-printed this cape and skirt with no seams between the cells,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ด‰์ œ์„  ์—†์ด ์ด ๋งํ† ์™€ ์Šค์ปคํŠธ๋ฅผ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
and I'll show more objects like it.
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
This helmet combines stiff and soft materials
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์ด ํ—ฌ๋ฉง์€ ๋ปฃ๋ปฃํ•œ ์†Œ์žฌ์™€ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€
04:44
in 20-micron resolution.
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20 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
This is the resolution of a human hair.
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20๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ก ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
It's also the resolution of a CT scanner.
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CT์Šค์บ๋„ˆ์˜ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
That designers have access
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์ด ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:55
to such high-resolution analytic and synthetic tools,
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04:59
enables to design products that fit not only the shape of our bodies,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์— ๋งž์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:04
but also the physiological makeup of our tissues.
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์„ธํฌ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
Next, we designed an acoustic chair,
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Œํ–ฅํ•™์ ์ธ ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
a chair that would be at once structural, comfortable
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๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ 
05:13
and would also absorb sound.
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์†Œ์Œ๋„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
Professor Carter, my collaborator, and I turned to nature for inspiration,
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๊ณต๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์ธ ์นดํ„ฐ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
and by designing this irregular surface pattern,
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๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
05:23
it becomes sound-absorbent.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:26
We printed its surface out of 44 different properties,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” 44๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
varying in rigidity, opacity and color,
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๊ฐ•๋„, ํˆฌ๋ช…๋„์™€ ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
05:34
corresponding to pressure points on the human body.
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์ธ์ฒด์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์„œ ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Its surface, as in nature, varies its functionality
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์ž์—ฐ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋“ฏ, ์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
05:42
not by adding another material or another assembly,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
05:45
but by continuously and delicately varying material property.
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์—ฐ์†์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
But is nature ideal?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
05:56
Are there no parts in nature?
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์ž์—ฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์—†์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:01
I wasn't raised in a religious Jewish home,
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์ €๋Š” ๋…์‹คํ•œ ์œ ๋Œ€๊ต ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
06:04
but when I was young,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ,
06:05
my grandmother used to tell me stories from the Hebrew Bible,
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํžˆ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ์„œ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข…์ข… ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
and one of them stuck with me and came to define much of what I care about.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋‚จ์•„์„œ ์ œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
As she recounts:
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
"On the third day of Creation, God commands the Earth
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"์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ์‹  ์…‹์งธ ๋‚ ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ๋•…์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
06:18
to grow a fruit-bearing fruit tree."
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'์—ด๋งค๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋‹์•„๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ๋ผ.' ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค."
06:20
For this first fruit tree, there was to be no differentiation
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์ด ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์—ด๋งค ๋งบ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๋Š” ์ค„๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ€์ง€, ์žŽ์‚ฌ๊ท€, ์—ด๋งค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
06:23
between trunk, branches, leaves and fruit.
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๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
The whole tree was a fruit.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋งค์˜€์ฃ .
06:32
Instead, the land grew trees that have bark and stems and flowers.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋•…์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ป์งˆ๊ณผ ์ค„๊ธฐ, ๊ฝƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
The land created a world made of parts.
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๋•…์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
I often ask myself,
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์ €๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
"What would design be like if objects were made of a single part?
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"๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋””์ž์ธ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ?
06:49
Would we return to a better state of creation?"
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ?"
06:54
So we looked for that biblical material,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
that fruit-bearing fruit tree kind of material, and we found it.
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์•ž์„œ์˜ ์•จ๋งค๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
The second-most abundant biopolymer on the planet is called chitin,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ํ‚คํ‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
and some 100 million tons of it are produced every year
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ํ‚คํ‹ด์€ ๋งค๋…„ 1์–ตํ†ค ์ •๋„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
by organisms such as shrimps, crabs, scorpions and butterflies.
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์ƒˆ์šฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒŒ, ์ „๊ฐˆ, ๋‚˜๋น„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ์š”.
07:15
We thought if we could tune its properties,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:17
we could generate structures that are multifunctional
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๋‹จ์ผํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ
07:20
out of a single part.
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
So that's what we did.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์ฃ .
07:24
We called Legal Seafood --
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๋ฆฌ๊ฐˆ ์‹œํ‘ธ๋“œ(๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์˜ ํ•ด์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์‹๋‹น)์— ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:28
we ordered a bunch of shrimp shells,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ์šฐ ๊ป์งˆ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
we grinded them and we produced chitosan paste.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐˆ์•„์„œ ํ‚คํ† ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:34
By varying chemical concentrations,
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ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ,
07:36
we were able to achieve a wide array of properties --
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
from dark, stiff and opaque,
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์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
07:41
to light, soft and transparent.
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๋ฐ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
07:44
In order to print the structures in large scale,
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:47
we built a robotically controlled extrusion system with multiple nozzles.
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๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋…ธ์ฆ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ œ์–ด ์••์ถœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
The robot would vary material properties on the fly
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๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด์„œ
07:55
and create these 12-foot-long structures made of a single material,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ 12ํ”ผํŠธ ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
100 percent recyclable.
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100% ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
08:03
When the parts are ready, they're left to dry
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๋‹ค ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ฑด์กฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
08:06
and find a form naturally upon contact with air.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์™€ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์žก์•„ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
So why are we still designing with plastics?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
08:15
The air bubbles that were a byproduct of the printing process
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๊ธฐํฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ… ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:19
were used to contain photosynthetic microorganisms
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์ด ๊ธฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
that first appeared on our planet 3.5 billion year ago,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, 35์–ต๋…„ ์ „์—
08:25
as we learned yesterday.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด์ฃ .
08:27
Together with our collaborators at Harvard and MIT,
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์™€ MIT์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
08:30
we embedded bacteria that were genetically engineered
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์œ ์ „ ๊ณตํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
to rapidly capture carbon from the atmosphere
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ค‘์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ด์„œ
08:36
and convert it into sugar.
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๋‹น๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ฃ .
08:39
For the first time,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ
08:41
we were able to generate structures that would seamlessly transition
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๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฌผ๋ง ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋Š”
08:45
from beam to mesh,
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
and if scaled even larger, to windows.
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ์ •๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
A fruit-bearing fruit tree.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ด๋งค๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ฃ .
08:54
Working with an ancient material,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
08:57
one of the first lifeforms on the planet,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์™€
08:59
plenty of water and a little bit of synthetic biology,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์†Œ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
09:03
we were able to transform a structure made of shrimp shells
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ์šฐ ๊ป์งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„
09:07
into an architecture that behaves like a tree.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
And here's the best part:
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
for objects designed to biodegrade,
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์ƒ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋„๋ก ๋””์ž์ธ ๋œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š”
09:16
put them in the sea, and they will nourish marine life;
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ์–‘๋ถ„์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
place them in soil, and they will help grow a tree.
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๋•…์— ์‹ฌ์œผ๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ž๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:24
The setting for our next exploration using the same design principles
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๋™์ผํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ ์›์น™์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋„์ „์€
09:28
was the solar system.
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
We looked for the possibility of creating life-sustaining clothing
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜ท์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
for interplanetary voyages.
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ํ–‰์„ฑ ๊ฐ„ ํ•ญํ•ด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
09:38
To do that, we needed to contain bacteria and be able to control their flow.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ํ•จ์œ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
So like the periodic table, we came up with our own table of the elements:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์œจํ‘œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ €ํฌ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
new lifeforms that were computationally grown,
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๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
09:51
additively manufactured
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์ ์ธต ๊ฐ€๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋˜๋ฉฐ
09:53
and biologically augmented.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚จ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ํ‘œ์ฃ .
09:58
I like to think of synthetic biology as liquid alchemy,
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์„ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์•ก์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ˆ  ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
only instead of transmuting precious metals,
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ท€๊ธˆ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:04
you're synthesizing new biological functionality inside very small channels.
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์ž‘์€ ์ฑ„๋„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
It's called microfluidics.
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๋ฏธ์„ธ ์œ ์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
10:11
We 3D-printed our own channels in order to control the flow
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์•ก์ฒด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
10:15
of these liquid bacterial cultures.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
In our first piece of clothing, we combined two microorganisms.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ท์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
The first is cyanobacteria.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์‹œ์•„๋…ธ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ
10:25
It lives in our oceans and in freshwater ponds.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋‚˜ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:28
And the second, E. coli, the bacterium that inhabits the human gut.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ท ์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์„œ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
One converts light into sugar, the other consumes that sugar
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น›์„ ๋‹น์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
10:36
and produces biofuels useful for the built environment.
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๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
Now, these two microorganisms never interact in nature.
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
In fact, they never met each other.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ผ๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
10:46
They've been here, engineered for the first time,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ
10:49
to have a relationship inside a piece of clothing.
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์˜๋ฅ˜ ์†์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋„๋ก ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
Think of it as evolution not by natural selection,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง„ํ™”๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์ž์—ฐ ์„ ํƒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง„ํ™” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
but evolution by design.
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10:59
In order to contain these relationships,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
11:01
we've created a single channel that resembles the digestive tract,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์†Œํ™”๊ด€๊ณผ ๋‹ฎ์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
that will help flow these bacteria and alter their function along the way.
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:10
We then started growing these channels on the human body,
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์ธ์ฒด์— ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
varying material properties according to the desired functionality.
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
11:17
Where we wanted more photosynthesis, we would design more transparent channels.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋” ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
This wearable digestive system, when it's stretched end to end,
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์ด ์ฐฉ์šฉํ˜• ์†Œํ™” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋์—์„œ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ํŽผ์ณค์„ ๋•Œ
11:28
spans 60 meters.
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๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ 60m์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
This is half the length of a football field,
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์ถ•๊ตฌ์žฅ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„ ๊ธธ์ด์ด๊ณ 
11:32
and 10 times as long as our small intestines.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์˜ ์†Œ์žฅ์˜ 10๋ฐฐ ๊ธธ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
And here it is for the first time unveiled at TED --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ TED์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
our first photosynthetic wearable,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐฉ์šฉํ˜• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ,
11:42
liquid channels glowing with life inside a wearable clothing.
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์ฐฉ์šฉํ˜• ์˜์ƒ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์•ก์ฒด ์ฑ„๋„์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ๋น›๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:47
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
Mary Shelley said, "We are unfashioned creatures, but only half made up."
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๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ ์…ธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ชฝ๋งŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ์ด๋‹ค."
11:55
What if design could provide that other half?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
11:59
What if we could create structures that would augment living matter?
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์ƒ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
12:06
What if we could create personal microbiomes
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๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์„œ
12:09
that would scan our skins, repair damaged tissue
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์†์ƒ๋œ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ
12:13
and sustain our bodies?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์„ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
12:16
Think of this as a form of edited biology.
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ํŽธ์ง‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:18
This entire collection, Wanderers, that was named after planets,
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์ด ์ „์ฒด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ, ์›๋”๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋•„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
was not to me really about fashion per se,
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํŒจ์…˜ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:25
but it provided an opportunity to speculate about the future
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋„ˆ๋จธ์—์„œ ๋งž์ดํ•  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ข…์กฑ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ
12:29
of our race on our planet and beyond,
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์ง์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
to combine scientific insight with lots of mystery
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๊ณผํ•™์  ์ง๊ด€์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ ๋น„์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
12:35
and to move away from the age of the machine
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต์ƒ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
to a new age of symbiosis between our bodies,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต์ƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ๊ณผ
12:42
the microorganisms that we inhabit,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณต์ƒ,
12:44
our products and even our buildings.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๊นŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
I call this material ecology.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ด๋ผ ์นญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
To do this, we always need to return back to nature.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
By now, you know that a 3D printer prints material in layers.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธํ•จ์„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
You also know that nature doesn't.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
It grows. It adds with sophistication.
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜์ฃ . ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
This silkworm cocoon, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด ๋ˆ„์—๊ณ ์น˜๋Š”
13:08
creates a highly sophisticated architecture,
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๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
a home inside which to metamorphisize.
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์„ฑ์ถฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํƒœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์ฃ .
13:14
No additive manufacturing today gets even close to this level of sophistication.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ ์ธต ๊ฐ€๊ณต ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •๊ตํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
It does so by combining not two materials,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:23
but two proteins in different concentrations.
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๋‘ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋†๋„๋กœ ๋ฐฐํ•ฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณ ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
One acts as the structure, the other is the glue, or the matrix,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ‹€๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•ด์„œ
13:31
holding those fibers together.
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์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์„ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ฌถ์–ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
And this happens across scales.
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์€ ๊ต์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
The silkworm first attaches itself to the environment --
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๋ˆ„์—๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
it creates a tensile structure --
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๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
13:41
and it then starts spinning a compressive cocoon.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ๋ฉด์„œ ์••์ถ•์„ฑ์˜ ๊ณ ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
Tension and compression, the two forces of life,
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๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํž˜๊ณผ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ํž˜, ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํž˜์ด
13:48
manifested in a single material.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
In order to better understand how this complex process works,
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์ด ์ •๊ตํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
13:56
we glued a tiny earth magnet
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์ž์„์„
13:58
to the head of a silkworm, to the spinneret.
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๋ˆ„์—์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์„ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ์€ ๋ฐฉ์  ๋Œ๊ธฐ์—์š”.
14:01
We placed it inside a box with magnetic sensors,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„์—๋ฅผ ์ž๊ธฐ ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ƒ์ž ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
and that allowed us to create this 3-dimensional point cloud
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 3์ฐจ์› ์ ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๊ณ ,
14:07
and visualize the complex architecture of the silkworm cocoon.
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๋ˆ„์— ๊ณ ์น˜์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
However, when we placed the silkworm on a flat patch,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ˆ„์—๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ž ์•ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:17
not inside a box,
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ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ ์œ„์— ๋‘๋ฉด
14:19
we realized it would spin a flat cocoon
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๋ˆ„์—๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
and it would still healthily metamorphisize.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ๋„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํƒœํ–ˆ์ฃ .
14:25
So we started designing different environments, different scaffolds,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณจ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
and we discovered that the shape, the composition,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„์—๊ณ ์น˜์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์กฐ์„ฑ, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€
14:32
the structure of the cocoon, was directly informed by the environment.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ •๋ณด์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
Silkworms are often boiled to death inside their cocoons,
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๋ˆ„์—๋Š” ๊ณ ์น˜ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ถ์•„์ ธ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
their silk unraveled and used in the textile industry.
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๊ทธ ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š” ํ’€์–ด์„œ ์„ฌ์œ  ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ฃ .
14:44
We realized that designing these templates allowed us to give shape to raw silk
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํŒ์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ช…์ฃผ์‹ค์„ ์–ป๋˜
14:51
without boiling a single cocoon.
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๋ˆ„์—๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์‚ถ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:58
They would healthily metamorphisize,
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๋ˆ„์—๋“ค์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํƒœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
15:00
and we would be able to create these things.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
So we scaled this process up to architectural scale.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ํ‚ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
We had a robot spin the template out of silk,
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋ช…์ฃผ์‹ค๋กœ ํ˜•ํŒ์„ ๊ฐ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
15:10
and we placed it on our site.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ €ํฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
We knew silkworms migrated toward darker and colder areas,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„์—๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
so we used a sun path diagram to reveal the distribution
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋น›๊ณผ ์—ด์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:20
of light and heat on our structure.
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ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์ด๋™ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋„์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
We then created holes, or apertures,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋‚ด์„œ
15:26
that would lock in the rays of light and heat,
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๊ด‘์„ ๊ณผ ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€๋‘์–ด
15:29
distributing those silkworms on the structure.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ„์—๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
We were ready to receive the caterpillars.
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์ด์ œ ์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋„ค์š”.
15:37
We ordered 6,500 silkworms from an online silk farm.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‹คํฌ ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์—๋ฅผ 6,500๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
And after four weeks of feeding, they were ready to spin with us.
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4์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ๋ณธ ํ›„์—, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ์‹ค์„ ์ž์•„๋‚ผ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:45
We placed them carefully at the bottom rim of the scaffold,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„์—๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ณจ์กฐ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
and as they spin they pupate, they mate, they lay eggs,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์„ ์ž์•„๋‚ด๊ณ , ๋ฒˆ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ง์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:53
and life begins all over again -- just like us but much, much shorter.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์•  ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์งง์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
Bucky Fuller said that tension is the great integrity,
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๋ฒ„ํ‚ค ํ’€๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ธด์žฅ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„์ „์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
16:05
and he was right.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ง์ด ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
As they spin biological silk over robotically spun silk,
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๋ˆ„์—๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ช…์ฃผ์‹ค ์œ„๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ช…์ฃผ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
16:10
they give this entire pavilion its integrity.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์™„์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
And over two to three weeks,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2์ฃผ์—์„œ 3์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ
16:15
6,500 silkworms spin 6,500 kilometers.
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6,500 ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ˆ„์—๊ฐ€ 6,500km์˜ ์‹ค์„ ์ž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
In a curious symmetry, this is also the length of the Silk Road.
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์‹ ๋น„๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” ๋น„๋‹จ๊ธธ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
The moths, after they hatch, produce 1.5 million eggs.
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๋‚˜๋ฐฉ์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ํ›„์—๋Š” 150๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
This could be used for 250 additional pavilions for the future.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ 250๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘์ด์ฃ .
16:33
So here they are, the two worldviews.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
One spins silk out of a robotic arm,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ํŒ”์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ช…์ฃผ์‹ค์„ ์ž์•„๋‚ด๊ณ 
16:40
the other fills in the gaps.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
If the final frontier of design is to breathe life into the products
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—
16:47
and the buildings around us,
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
16:49
to form a two-material ecology,
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๋‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
16:51
then designers must unite these two worldviews.
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๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ํ•ฉ์ณ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
Which brings us back, of course, to the beginning.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
Here's to a new age of design, a new age of creation,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฐฝ์กฐ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
that takes us from a nature-inspired design
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
17:07
to a design-inspired nature,
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๋””์ž์ธ์— ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
and that demands of us for the first time
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
17:13
that we mother nature.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:26
Thank you very much. Thank you.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:28
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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