For more wonder, rewild the world | George Monbiot

251,877 views ใƒป 2013-09-09

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jiaeoun Park
00:12
When I was a young man, I spent six years
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์ Š์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ €๋Š” 6๋…„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
00:14
of wild adventure in the tropics
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์—ด๋Œ€ ์•ผ์ƒ ์ง€์—ญ ํƒํ—˜์— ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
working as an investigative journalist
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์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งคํ˜น์ ์ธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
00:18
in some of the most bewitching parts of the world.
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์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋งค์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ž๋กœ ์ผํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:21
I was as reckless and foolish as only young men can be.
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์ €๋Š” ์ ‹์€ ์ด๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ชจํ•จ๊ณผ ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:25
This is why wars get fought.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
But I also felt more alive than I've ever done since.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
And when I came home, I found the scope of my existence
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๊ณ ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์„ ๋•Œ, ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์‚ถ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์ด
00:34
gradually diminishing
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์ ์  ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์–ด
00:36
until loading the dishwasher seemed like an interesting challenge.
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์‹๊ธฐ์„ธ์ฒ™๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์„ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋„์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๊ปด์งˆ ์ •๋„์˜€์ง€์š”.
00:41
And I found myself sort of
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ผ์ข…์˜
00:43
scratching at the walls of life,
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์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
as if I was trying to find a way out
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ถ์„ ๋„ˆ๋จธ ๋” ๋„“์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”
00:47
into a wider space beyond.
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๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“ฏ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:49
I was, I believe, ecologically bored.
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
Now, we evolved in rather more challenging times than these,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:58
in a world of horns and tusks and fangs and claws.
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๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
01:03
And we still possess the fear and the courage
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๋„ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:05
and the aggression required to navigate those times.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ๋„ ์žˆ๋‚˜๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
But in our comfortable, safe, crowded lands,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋•…์—์„œ
01:13
we have few opportunities to exercise them
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํ•ด์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋Š”
01:16
without harming other people.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ํ•ด๋ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์ฃ .
01:19
And this was the sort of constraint that I found myself
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ๋„์ „ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ๋Š”
01:23
bumping up against.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:26
To conquer uncertainty,
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๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์ด๊ฒจ๋‚ด๊ณ 
01:28
to know what comes next,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
01:32
that's almost been the dominant aim of industrialized societies,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
and having got there, or almost got there,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ด์„œ ํ˜น์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ž ๋งˆ์ž
01:40
we have just encountered a new set of unmet needs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—†๋˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:43
We've privileged safety over experience
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•ˆ์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:46
and we've gained a lot in doing so,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์–ป์–ด์ง„๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:49
but I think we've lost something too.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
Now, I don't romanticize evolutionary time.
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
I'm already beyond the lifespan of most hunter-gatherers,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ€๋ ต๊พผ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
and the outcome of a mortal combat between me
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์„ ๊น์•„๋งŒ๋“  ์ฐฝ์‚ด์„ ๋“ค๊ณ ๊ทผ์‹œ์•ˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ขŒ์ถฉ์šฐ๋Œํ•˜๋˜ ์ €์™€
02:01
myopically stumbling around with a stone-tipped spear
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ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ผ์ƒ ํ™ฉ์†Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
02:04
and an enraged giant aurochs
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ฑด ์ „ํˆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
02:07
isn't very hard to predict.
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์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
Nor was it authenticity that I was looking for.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„ํ—ค๋งค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์ •์„ฑ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:12
I don't find that a useful or even intelligible concept.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
I just wanted a richer and rawer life
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค
02:19
than I've been able to lead in Britain, or, indeed,
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ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋™๊ฐ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ถ์„ ์›ํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด์—์š”.
02:22
that we can lead in most parts of the industrialized world.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ถ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:25
And it was only when I stumbled across an unfamiliar word
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ํ—ค๋งค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ์„œ์•ผ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ
02:31
that I began to understand what I was looking for.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„ ํ•ด๋งค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:34
And as soon as I found that word,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์ž ๋งˆ์ž
02:37
I realized that I wanted to devote
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๋‚จ์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„
02:39
much of the rest of my life to it.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐ”์น˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
The word is "rewilding,"
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๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” "์•ผ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ž."์—์š”.
02:46
and even though rewilding is a young word,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋น„๋ก ๋น„๊ต์  ์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
02:49
it already has several definitions.
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๋ฒŒ์จ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
But there are two in particular that fascinate me.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋”๋ฅผ ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ๋งค๋ฃŒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:55
The first one is the mass restoration
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์ฒซ ์งธ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณต์›
02:59
of ecosystems.
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์ด์—์š”.
03:01
One of the most exciting scientific findings
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฐ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด
03:04
of the past half century
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๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€
03:06
has been the discovery of widespread trophic cascades.
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๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ด๋Œ€์˜ ์ž‘์€ ํญํฌ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
A trophic cascade is an ecological process
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์—ด๋Œ€์˜ ์ž‘์€ ํญํฌ๋“ค์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ด์—์š”.
03:14
which starts at the top of the food chain
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๋จน์ด ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์˜ ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:16
and tumbles all the way down to the bottom,
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์ € ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์ฃ .
03:20
and the classic example is what happened
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๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ
03:22
in the Yellowstone National Park in the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์—˜๋กœ์šฐ์Šคํ†ค ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๊ณต์›์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์š”.
03:25
when wolves were reintroduced in 1995.
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1995๋…„ ๋Š‘๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์›๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์š”.
03:29
Now, we all know that wolves kill various species of animals,
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Š‘๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์žก์•„๋จน๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์ฃ .
03:33
but perhaps we're slightly less aware
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ
03:36
that they give life to many others.
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:40
It sounds strange, but just follow me for a while.
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์ œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž ์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:43
Before the wolves turned up,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „,
03:45
they'd been absent for 70 years.
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70๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋Š‘๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
The numbers of deer, because there was nothing to hunt them,
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์‚ฌ์Šด์„ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์‚ฌ์Šด์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋Š”
03:49
had built up and built up in the Yellowstone Park,
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์—˜๋กœ์Šคํ†ค ๊ณต์›์— ์ ์  ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:52
and despite efforts by humans to control them,
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๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
03:55
they'd managed to reduce much of the vegetation there
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์‚ฌ์Šด์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
03:58
to almost nothing, they'd just grazed it away.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ . ๊ทธ์ € ๊นจ๋—์ด ๋จน์–ด์น˜์šด๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
04:01
But as soon as the wolves arrived,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋“๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค์ž ๋งˆ์ž
04:03
even though they were few in number,
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์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
04:05
they started to have the most remarkable effects.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:09
First, of course, they killed some of the deer,
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์šฐ์„ , ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์Šด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์žก์•„๋จน์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:11
but that wasn't the major thing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:13
Much more significantly,
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:15
they radically changed the behavior of the deer.
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์‚ฌ์Šด์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
The deer started avoiding certain parts of the park,
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์‚ฌ์Šด์€ ๊ณต์›๋‚ด์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
04:21
the places where they could be trapped most easily,
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์€ ์‚ฌ์Šด์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•  ์žฅ์†Œ์˜€์–ด์š”.
04:24
particularly the valleys and the gorges,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ„๊ณก์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:26
and immediately those places started to regenerate.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žฌํ™œ์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:29
In some areas, the height of the trees
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์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€
04:32
quintupled in just six years.
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ 6๋…„๋งŒ์— 5๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ์ปค์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
Bare valley sides quickly became forests of aspen
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๋ฐฐ์–ด(Bare) ๊ณ„๊ณก์˜ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฌด ,๋Šํ‹ฐ๋‚˜๋ฌด,
04:39
and willow and cottonwood.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ์ˆฒ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
And as soon as that happened,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๋งˆ์ž
04:43
the birds started moving in.
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์ƒˆ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ์•„๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:45
The number of songbirds, of migratory birds,
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๋ช…๊ธˆ(้ณด็ฆฝ)๊ณผ ์ฒ ์ƒˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
04:48
started to increase greatly.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
The number of beavers started to increase,
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๋น„๋ฒ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:52
because beavers like to eat the trees.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋น„๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:54
And beavers, like wolves, are ecosystem engineers.
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๋Š‘๋Œ€์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋น„๋ฒ„๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณตํ•™์ž์—์š”.
04:58
They create niches for other species.
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๋น„๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
And the dams they built in the rivers
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์ด ๋…€์„์ด ๊ฐ•์— ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‘‘์€
05:03
provided habitats for otters and muskrats
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์ˆ˜๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํ–ฅ์ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
05:06
and ducks and fish and reptiles and amphibians.
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์˜ค๋ฆฌ, ์–ด๋ฅ˜, ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์„œ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ๋„์„œ์‹์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
The wolves killed coyotes, and as a result of that,
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๋Š‘๋Œ€๋Š” ์ฝ”์š”ํ…Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
05:14
the number of rabbits and mice began to rise,
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ํ† ๋ผ์™€ ์ƒ์ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:16
which meant more hawks, more weasels,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งค์™€ ์กฑ์ œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
05:19
more foxes, more badgers.
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์—ฌ์šฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ค์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
Ravens and bald eagles came down to feed
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ํฐ ๊นŒ๋งˆ๊ท€ ๋–ผ์™€ ๋Œ€๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋…์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋„
05:24
on the carrion that the wolves had left.
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๋Š‘๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ธด ๊นŒ๋งˆ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚ด๋ ค ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Bears fed on it too, and their population began to rise as well,
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๊ณฐ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋จน๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ณฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๋„ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Š˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:30
partly also because there were more berries
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋˜์‚ด์•„๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ชฉ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋Š”
05:32
growing on the regenerating shrubs,
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๋”ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋Š˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
and the bears reinforced the impact of the wolves
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๊ณฐ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์Šด์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
05:38
by killing some of the calves of the deer.
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๋Š‘๋Œ€์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋” ์ปค์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
05:42
But here's where it gets really interesting.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
The wolves changed the behavior of the rivers.
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๋Š‘๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
They began to meander less.
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๊ฐ•์—๋Š” ๊ตฝ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
There was less erosion. The channels narrowed.
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์นจ์‹๋„ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ ๋ฌผ๊ธธ๋„ ์ข์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
More pools formed, more riffle sections,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์›…๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๊ธ‰๋ฅ˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋„ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
05:59
all of which were great for wildlife habitats.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•ผ์ƒ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์—์š”.
06:01
The rivers changed
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๊ฐ•์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:03
in response to the wolves,
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๋Š‘๋Œ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
and the reason was that the regenerating forests
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋˜์‚ด์•„๋‚œ ์ˆฒ์ด
06:09
stabilized the banks so that they collapsed less often,
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๊ฐ• ๋‘‘์„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์—†์–ด์ง€๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
06:13
so that the rivers became more fixed in their course.
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๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ธธ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Similarly, by driving the deer out of some places
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ์‚ฌ์Šด์ด ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ 
06:20
and the vegetation recovering on the valley sides,
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๊ณ„๊ณก ์˜†๋ฉด์„ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋’ค๋ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ž
06:24
there was less soil erosion,
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ํ† ์–‘ ์นจ์‹์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
because the vegetation stabilized that as well.
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์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:29
So the wolves, small in number,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋Š‘๋Œ€๊ฐ€
06:33
transformed not just the ecosystem
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์˜๋กœ์Šคํ†ค ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๊ณต์›์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:36
of the Yellowstone National Park, this huge area of land,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„“์€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋•…๊ณผ
06:39
but also its physical geography.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
06:43
Whales in the southern oceans
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๋‚จ์–‘์˜ ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
06:45
have similarly wide-ranging effects.
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๋“œ๋„“์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
One of the many post-rational excuses
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๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์žก๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋†“๋Š”
06:50
made by the Japanese government for killing whales
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ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€๋ช… ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
06:53
is that they said, "Well, the number of fish and krill will rise
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" ์–ด๋ฅ˜์™€ ํฌ๋ฆด ์ƒˆ์šฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
06:56
and then there'll be more for people to eat."
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค."๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:58
Well, it's a stupid excuse, but it sort of
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ๋ณ€๋ช…์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
07:00
kind of makes sense, doesn't it,
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์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ , ์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
07:02
because you'd think that whales eat huge amounts
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜
07:04
of fish and krill, so obviously take the whales away,
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์–ด๋ฅ˜์™€ ํฌ๋ฆด ์ƒˆ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน์–ด์น˜์šฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๋ฉด
07:06
there'll be more fish and krill.
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์–ด๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ƒˆ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
But the opposite happened.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
You take the whales away,
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๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๋ฉด
07:12
and the number of krill collapses.
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ํฌ๋ฆด ์ƒˆ์šฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
Why would that possibly have happened?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:17
Well, it now turns out that the whales are crucial
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๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๋ฐ”์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ƒํ…Œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:20
to sustaining that entire ecosystem,
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
07:23
and one of the reasons for this
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
07:25
is that they often feed at depth
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๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ 
07:27
and then they come up to the surface and produce
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ
07:29
what biologists politely call large fecal plumes,
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ ์ž–๊ฒŒ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
huge explosions of poop right across the surface waters,
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์ˆ˜ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:37
up in the photic zone, where there's enough light
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์€ ํˆฌ๊ด‘์ธต์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋น›์ด ํˆฌ๊ณผ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:41
to allow photosynthesis to take place,
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๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
07:44
and those great plumes of fertilizer
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๊ทธ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆ„์ด
07:47
stimulate the growth of phytoplankton,
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”„๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
the plant plankton at the bottom of the food chain,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋จน์ด ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์ด์—์š”.
07:51
which stimulate the growth of zooplankton,
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์ด ๋…€์„๋“ค์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌํ†ค์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ด์„œ
07:53
which feed the fish and the krill and all the rest of it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋ฅ˜์™€ ํฌ๋ฆด ์ƒˆ์šฐ, ๋˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๋จน๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
The other thing that whales do is that,
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๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€
07:57
as they're plunging up and down through the water column,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์œ„์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์›€์ง์ผ ๋•Œ,
08:00
they're kicking the phytoplankton
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด
08:02
back up towards the surface
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
where it can continue to survive and reproduce.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ๋…€์„๋“ค์€ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•„ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
08:07
And interestingly, well, we know
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:10
that plant plankton in the oceans
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์ด
08:13
absorb carbon from the atmosphere --
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ค‘์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
the more plant plankton there are,
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์ด ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก
08:16
the more carbon they absorb --
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
and eventually they filter down into the abyss
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ ์† ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ
08:21
and remove that carbon from the atmospheric system.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ค‘ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
Well, it seems that when whales were at their historic populations,
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๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
08:28
they were probably responsible for sequestering
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๋งค๋…„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
08:31
some tens of millions of tons of carbon
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒํ†ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด
08:35
every year from the atmosphere.
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์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
08:38
And when you look at it like that, you think,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:41
wait a minute, here are the wolves
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์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”, ์—˜๋กœ์šฐ์Šคํ†ค ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๊ณต์›์—์„œ
08:43
changing the physical geography of the Yellowstone National Park.
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๋Š‘๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
Here are the whales changing
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š”
08:48
the composition of the atmosphere.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
You begin to see that possibly,
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:53
the evidence supporting James Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis,
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์ œ์ž„์Šค ๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ๋ก์˜ ๊ฐ€์ด์•„ ๊ฐ€์ •์„๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
08:56
which conceives of the world as a coherent,
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์ด ์ด๋ก ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์žˆ๋Š”
08:59
self-regulating organism,
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
is beginning, at the ecosystem level, to accumulate.
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์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰์ถ•์ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
Trophic cascades
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์—ด๋Œ€์˜ ์ž‘์€ ํญํฌ๋“ค์€
09:09
tell us that the natural world
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์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
09:11
is even more fascinating and complex than we thought it was.
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์›”์”ฌ ๋” ๋งคํ˜น์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋จน์žกํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋งํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
They tell us that when you take away the large animals,
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๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ์น˜ ํฐ ๋™๋ฌผ์„์—†์•  ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
09:19
you are left with a radically different ecosystem
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํฐ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ด๋˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์™€๋Š”
09:23
to one which retains its large animals.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
And they make, in my view, a powerful case
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์ œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์ข…์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ด๋ ค๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ
09:29
for the reintroduction of missing species.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:33
Rewilding, to me,
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์•ผ์ƒํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š”,
09:35
means bringing back some of the missing plants and animals.
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์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋™์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ๋†“๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
It means taking down the fences,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‹ด์„ ์ฒ ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ 
09:40
it means blocking the drainage ditches,
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๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ ์›…๋ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฉ”๊พธ๊ณ 
09:42
it means preventing commercial fishing in some large areas of sea,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ๋„“์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ์–ด์—…์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
but otherwise stepping back.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋’ท๊ฑธ์Œ์งˆ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
It has no view as to what a right ecosystem
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์•ผ์ƒํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ๋„
09:52
or a right assemblage of species looks like.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ด ์–ด๋•Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ˆ๋‹จ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
It doesn't try to produce a heath or a meadow
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜์ง€๋„, ์ดˆ์›์ด๋‚˜
09:59
or a rain forest or a kelp garden or a coral reef.
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์šฐ๋ฆผ ์ง€์—ญ, ๋‹ค์‹œ๋งˆ ๋ฐญ, ํ˜น์€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋ฅผ๋งŒ๋“ค์ž๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
It lets nature decide,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ž์—ฐ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๋‘์ž๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
and nature, by and large, is pretty good at deciding.
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
Now, I mentioned that there are two definitions
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์—ˆ๋˜ ์•ผ์ƒํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
10:12
of rewilding that interest me.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
The other one
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
10:15
is the rewilding of human life.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์•ผ์ƒํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
And I don't see this as an alternative
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌธ๋ช…ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ
10:20
to civilization.
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๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
I believe we can enjoy the benefits of advanced technology,
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋‹จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„
10:25
as we're doing now, but at the same time, if we choose,
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์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์–ด์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:29
have access to a richer and wilder life of adventure
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
10:34
when we want to because
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š”
10:36
there would be wonderful, rewilded habitats.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„, ์•ผ์ƒํ™”๋œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:40
And the opportunities for this
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ผ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ
10:42
are developing more rapidly than you might think possible.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹คํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
There's one estimate which suggests that in the United States,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ณด๊ณ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋งŒ
10:50
two thirds of the land which was once forested and then cleared
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ํ•œ๋•Œ ์ˆฒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ดˆ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•œ ์œก์ง€์˜ 2/3 ๊ฐ€
10:54
has become reforested as loggers and farmers have retreated,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๊พผ๊ณผ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๋˜๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ผ๋ฆผํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
particularly from the eastern half of the country.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋™๋ถ€ ์ชฝ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
There's another one which suggests
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณด๊ณ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
11:02
that 30 million hectares of land in Europe,
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3์ฒœ๋งŒ ํ—ฅํƒ€์•„๋ฅด์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๋•…์ด
11:05
an area the size of Poland,
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๋Œ€๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํด๋ž€๋“œ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
11:08
will be vacated by farmers
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2,000๋…„์—์„œ 2,030๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—
11:10
between 2000 and 2030.
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
Now, faced with opportunities like that,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์•ž์— ๋‘๊ณ 
11:16
does it not seem a little unambitious
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์•ผ๋ง์„
11:19
to be thinking only of bringing back wolves, lynx,
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๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
11:22
bears, beavers, bison, boar, moose,
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๋Š‘๋Œ€, ์Šค๋ผ์†Œ๋‹ˆ, ๊ณฐ, ๋น„๋ฒ„, ๋“ค์†Œ, ๋ฌด์Šค๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€
11:26
and all the other species which are already beginning
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์ด๋ฏธ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋Œ€ํŠ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
11:28
to move quite rapidly across Europe?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์„ ๋˜์‚ด๋ ค ๋†“๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
11:31
Perhaps we should also start thinking
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ํฌ๋„ˆ์˜ (*๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ํฌ๋„ˆ: ํ˜ธ์†Œ๋ ฅ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์— ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋™๋ฌผ)
11:33
about the return of some of our lost megafauna.
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๊ท€ํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
What megafauna, you say?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ํฌ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”?
11:39
Well, every continent had one,
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๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
apart from Antarctica.
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๋‚จ๊ทน ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋งŒ ๋นผ๋ฉด์š”.
11:43
When Trafalgar Square in London was excavated,
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์˜๊ตญ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ํŠธ๋ผํŒ”๊ฐ€ ๊ด‘์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ตด๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
11:47
the river gravels there were found
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ๊ฐ• ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์ž๊ฐˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š”
11:49
to be stuffed with the bones of hippopotamus,
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ํ•˜๋งˆ์˜ ๋ผˆ๋กœ ๊ฝ‰ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:52
rhinos, elephants, hyenas, lions.
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์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์™€ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ, ํ•˜์ด์—๋‚˜์™€ ์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ๋ผˆ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
Yes, ladies and gentlemen,
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๋„ค, ์‹ ์‚ฌ ์ˆ™๋…€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„
11:58
there were lions in Trafalgar Square
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ํŠธ๋ผํŒ”๊ฐ€ ๊ด‘์žฅ์—๋Š” ๋„ฌ์Šจ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋…๋น„๊ฐ€
12:00
long before Nelson's Column was built.
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์„ธ์›Œ์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
All these species lived here
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋“ค์ด
12:06
in the last interglacial period,
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๊ฐ„๋น™๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
when temperatures were pretty similar to our own.
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๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€์ง€์š”.
12:11
It's not climate, largely,
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๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ํฌ๋„ˆ๋“ค์„
12:13
which has got rid of the world's megafaunas.
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์—†์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:17
It's pressure from the human population
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•ด์™”๋˜
12:19
hunting and destroying their habitats
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊ณผ ์„œ์‹์ง€ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๋“ฑ์˜
12:21
which has done so.
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์••๋ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
And even so, you can still see the shadows
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ
12:26
of these great beasts in our current ecosystems.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง์Šน์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
Why is it that so many deciduous trees
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ 1๋…„์ƒ ๋‚™์—ฝ์†ก๋“ค์ด
12:32
are able to sprout from whatever point the trunk is broken?
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธํ†ต์ด ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:37
Why is it that they can withstand the loss
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ชฉํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๋Š” ์†์‹ค์—๋„ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
12:39
of so much of their bark?
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์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:40
Why do understory trees,
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์™œ ํ•˜์ธต ์‹์ƒ์ข… ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด,
12:43
which are subject to lower sheer forces from the wind
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์ด ์ข…๋“ค์€ ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
12:48
and have to carry less weight
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์นด๋ˆ„ํ”ผ ์ข…์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ
12:50
than the big canopy trees,
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๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
12:52
why are they so much tougher and harder to break
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•˜์ธต ์‹์ƒ์ข… ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์นด๋ˆ„ํ”ผ ์ข…๋ณด๋‹ค
12:56
than the canopy trees are?
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๋” ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ๊นŒ์š”?
13:00
Elephants.
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
They are elephant-adapted.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์— ์ ์‘ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
In Europe, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š”
13:06
they evolved to resist the straight-tusked elephant,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ๊ณง์€์—„๋‹ˆ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด์•„ ๋‚จ๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
elephas antiquus, which was a great beast.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌํผ์Šค ์•ˆํ‹ฐ์ฟ ์Šค๋ผ๋Š”์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ง์Šน์ด์ฃ .
13:12
It was related to the Asian elephant,
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์ด ๋…€์„์€ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:14
but it was a temperate animal, a temperate forest creature.
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์ˆฒ์†์— ์–Œ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ด์•˜์–ด์š”.
13:17
It was a lot bigger than the Asian elephant.
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์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ์ปธ์ง€์š”.
13:19
But why is it that some of our common shrubs
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ชฉ๋“ค์ด
13:22
have spines which seem to be over-engineered
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์‚ฌ์Šด์„ ํ”ผํ•ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„
13:25
to resist browsing by deer?
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๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
13:28
Perhaps because they evolved
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ด€๋ชฉ๋“ค์€ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋ฅผ
13:30
to resist browsing by rhinoceros.
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ํ”ผํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
13:33
Isn't it an amazing thought
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๊ณต์›์„ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:35
that every time you wander into a park
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๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‹ ๋•Œ
13:38
or down an avenue or through a leafy street,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ง์Šน์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ
13:40
you can see the shadows of these great beasts?
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๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:44
Paleoecology, the study of past ecosystems,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์€
13:48
crucial to an understanding of our own,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ
13:52
feels like a portal through which you may pass
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ์™•๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”
13:55
into an enchanted kingdom.
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๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€์š”.
13:58
And if we really are looking at areas of land
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜
14:02
of the sort of sizes I've been talking about becoming available,
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์ ๋‹นํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋•…์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด๋ฉด
14:06
why not reintroduce some of our lost megafauna,
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์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ˜ธ์†Œ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋˜๋Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
14:09
or at least species closely related to those
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฉธ์ข…๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
14:11
which have become extinct everywhere?
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๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ข…์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
Why shouldn't all of us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ˜„๊ด€๋ฌธ ๋ฐ–์—
14:16
have a Serengeti on our doorsteps?
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์„ธ๋ ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
14:19
And perhaps this is the most important thing
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•ผ์ƒํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
14:22
that rewilding offers us,
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๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ๋  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธํ…๋ฐ์š”,
14:24
the most important thing that's missing from our lives:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์—†์–ด์ง„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.:
14:27
hope.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํฌ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
14:29
In motivating people to love and defend the natural world,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
14:34
an ounce of hope is worth a ton of despair.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํฌ๋ง์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ ˆ๋ง์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
The story rewilding tells us
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์•ผ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
14:41
is that ecological change need not always proceed
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์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
14:45
in one direction.
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์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
It offers us the hope
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ๋ด„์ด
14:50
that our silent spring
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๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
14:52
could be replaced by a raucous summer.
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ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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