A 30-year history of the future | Nicholas Negroponte

299,755 views ใƒป 2014-07-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:12
(Video) Nicholas Negroponte: Can we switch to the video disc,
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(์˜์ƒ) ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค ๋„ค๊ทธ๋กœํฐํ…Œ: ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋””์Šคํฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”?
00:15
which is in play mode?
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์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋กœ์š”.
00:17
I'm really interested in how you put people and computers together.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฐ ์œตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
We will be using the TV screens or their equivalents
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” TV ํ™”๋ฉด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„
00:25
for electronic books of the future.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ „์ž์ฑ…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
(Music, crosstalk)
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(์Œ์•…, ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
00:50
Very interested in touch-sensitive displays,
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ํ„ฐ์น˜์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
high-tech, high-touch, not having to pick up your fingers to use them.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ๋„ ์•ˆ๋“ค์–ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
00:56
There is another way where computers
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ฐ๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
00:58
touch people: wearing, physically wearing.
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์ž…๋Š”๊ฑฐ์š”. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:08
Suddenly on September 11th,
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9์›” 11์ผ, ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ
01:10
the world got bigger.
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ปค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
NN: Thank you. (Applause)
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
01:16
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
When I was asked to do this,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ,
01:20
I was also asked to look at all 14 TED Talks
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์ด์ „์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ 14๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  TED ๊ฐ•์—ฐ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด๋ผ๋Š”
01:24
that I had given,
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์š”์ฒญ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
chronologically.
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์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ์š”.
01:28
The first one was actually two hours.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ์˜์ƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์งœ๋ฆฌ์˜€๊ณ 
01:30
The second one was an hour,
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์งœ๋ฆฌ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
01:31
and then they became half hours,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ 30๋ถ„ ์งœ๋ฆฌ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
01:33
and all I noticed was my bald spot getting bigger.
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์ œ ๋ˆˆ๊ธธ์ด ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋” ๋„“์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:38
Imagine seeing your life, 30 years of it, go by,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์„, 30๋…„์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:43
and it was, to say the least,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค„์—ฌ ๋งํ•ด๋„, ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด
01:46
for me, quite a shocking experience.
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
So what I'm going to do in my time
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š”
01:52
is try and share with you what happened
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์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„๊ฐ„ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
01:54
during the 30 years,
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๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
and then also make a prediction,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—” ์˜ˆ์ธก๋„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ 
01:58
and then tell you a little bit
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ์ง€
02:00
about what I'm doing next.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
And I put on a slide
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์ œ ์ธ์ƒ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ TED๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š”
02:06
where TED 1 happened in my life.
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์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
02:10
And it's rather important
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ฝค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ,
02:12
because I had done 15 years of research before it,
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๊ทธ ์ด์ „์— 15๋…„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
so I had a backlog, so it was easy.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์–˜๊นƒ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์ฃ . ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์‰ฌ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
It's not that I was Fidel Castro
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ธ ์นด์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:20
and I could talk for two hours,
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2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:22
or Bucky Fuller.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฒ„ํ‚ค ํ’€๋Ÿฌ(Bucky Fuller) ๊ฐ™๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์š”.
02:23
I had 15 years of stuff,
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์ €๋Š” 15๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์Œ“์€๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:25
and the Media Lab was about to start.
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋  ์‹œ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
So that was easy.
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ์€ ๋ณ„๊ฑฐ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:29
But there are a couple of things
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
02:32
about that period
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:33
and about what happened that are
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:36
really quite important.
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๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
One is that
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๊ทธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
02:40
it was a period when computers
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€
02:43
weren't yet for people.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
And the other thing that sort of happened
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ฏค
02:49
during that time is that
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์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ,
02:52
we were considered sissy computer scientists.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
We weren't considered the real thing.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
So what I'm going to show you is, in retrospect,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ํšŒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด,
03:01
a lot more interesting and a lot more accepted
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ 
03:03
than it was at the time.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ™˜์˜๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
So I'm going to characterize the years
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:08
and I'm even going to go back
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์ €์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊นŒ์ง€
03:10
to some very early work of mine,
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๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
and this was the kind of stuff I was doing in the '60s:
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ 60๋…„๋Œ€์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
very direct manipulation,
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๋งค์šฐ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ž‘์ด๋‚˜
03:17
very influenced as I studied architecture
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:19
by the architect Moshe Safdie,
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์ธ ๋ชจ์…ฐ ์‚ฌํ”„ํ‹ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„
03:22
and you can see that we even built robotic things
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:24
that could build habitat-like structures.
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๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
And this for me was
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
03:29
not yet the Media Lab,
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์•„์ง ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:31
but was the beginning of what I'll call
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์†Œ์œ„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ง€ ์ „์‚ฐํ•™์˜
03:33
sensory computing,
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์‹œ์ดˆ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
and I pick fingers
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์ €๋Š” ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:37
partly because everybody thought it was ridiculous.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์Šค์›Œ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Papers were published
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๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€
03:43
about how stupid it was to use fingers.
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์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:47
Three reasons: One was they were low-resolution.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ : ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
03:50
The other is your hand would occlude
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๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์†์ด ๋ณด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
03:52
what you wanted to see,
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๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
and the third, which was the winner,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:55
was that your fingers would get the screen dirty,
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์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์ด ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋”๋ŸฝํžŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
and hence, fingers would never be
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์€
04:01
a device that you'd use.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
And this was a device we built in the '70s,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ 70๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ธ๋ฐ
04:06
which has never even been picked up.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์„ ํƒ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:08
It's not just touch sensitive,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ‘์ด‰์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:10
it's pressure sensitive.
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์••๋ ฅ์—๋„ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
(Video) Voice: Put a yellow circle there.
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(์˜์ƒ) ์Œ์„ฑ: ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋…ธ๋ž€ ์›์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
04:14
NN: Later work, and again this was before TED 1 โ€”
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค: ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ์ฒซ TED ์ด์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
(Video) Voice: Move that west of the diamond.
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(์˜์ƒ) ์Œ์„ฑ: ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ์˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธด ํ›„,
04:20
Create a large green circle there.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์›์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
04:23
Man: Aw, shit.
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๋‚จ์ž: ์–ด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ!
04:25
NN: โ€” was to sort of do interface concurrently,
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์ดํ›„์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋™์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์ž‘๋™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
so when you talked and you pointed
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ง€์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด
04:31
and you had, if you will,
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์—ฌํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
04:34
multiple channels.
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๋‹ค๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:35
Entebbe happened.
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์—”ํ…Œ๋ฒ  ์ž‘์ „์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
1976, Air France was hijacked,
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1976๋…„์— ์—์–ดํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ์น˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
taken to Entebbe,
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์—”ํ…Œ๋ฒ ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
04:43
and the Israelis not only did an extraordinary rescue,
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์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์€ ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ•ด๋ƒˆ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:48
they did it partly because they had practiced
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณตํ•ญ์„ ์ง€์–ด
04:50
on a physical model of the airport,
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๊ณตํ•ญ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ
04:52
because they had built the airport,
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์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
so they built a model in the desert,
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
and when they arrived at Entebbe,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—”ํ…Œ๋ฒ ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ,
04:57
they knew where to go because they had actually been there.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€๋ดค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:00
The U.S. government asked some of us, '76,
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76๋…„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
05:03
if we could replicate that computationally,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
and of course somebody like myself says yes.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €๊ฐ™์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ—ธ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:08
Immediately, you get a contract,
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๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ
05:10
Department of Defense,
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๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:11
and we built this truck and this rig.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ž‘ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
We did sort of a simulation,
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:16
because you had video discs,
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๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋””์Šคํฌ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
and again, this is '76.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 76๋…„์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:21
And then many years later,
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๋ช‡ ํ•ด ํ›„์—๋Š”
05:23
you get this truck,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ์„œ
05:25
and so you have Google Maps.
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์ง€๋„๋„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
05:28
Still people thought,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
no, that was not serious computer science,
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์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ, ์ €๊ฑด ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ. ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
05:33
and it was a man named Jerry Wiesner,
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์ œ๋ฆฌ ์œ„์ฆˆ๋„ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:35
who happened to be the president of MIT,
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MIT์˜ ์ด์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์…จ์ฃ .
05:38
who did think it was computer science.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์ • ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
And one of the keys for anybody
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์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
05:43
who wants to start something in life:
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
05:46
Make sure your president is part of it.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
So when I was doing the Media Lab,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
05:52
it was like having a gorilla in the front seat.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋งจ ์•ž์ค„์— ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์•‰ํ˜€๋‘” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์–ด์š”.
05:56
If you were stopped for speeding
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์†๋„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ
05:58
and the officer looked in the window
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
06:00
and saw who was in the passenger seat,
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์กฐ์ˆ˜์„์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์ด ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
06:02
then, "Oh, continue on, sir."
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"์•„, ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ€์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:04
And so we were able,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:06
and this is a cute, actually, device, parenthetically.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๋ผ์›Œ๋‘” ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์™€๋„ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
This was a lenticular photograph of Jerry Wiesner
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ œ๋ฆฌ ์œ„์ฆˆ๋„ˆ ์ด์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
where the only thing that changed in the photograph
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์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ๊ณณ์€
06:15
were the lips.
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์ž…์ˆ ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:16
So when you oscillated that little piece
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๋“  ๋ Œ์ฆˆ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„
06:19
of lenticular sheet with his photograph,
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์œ„ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ํ”๋“ค๋ฉด
06:22
it would be in lip sync
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๋ฐด๋“œ์œ„์Šค(๊ต์—ญํญ)๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์ด
06:24
with zero bandwidth.
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๋ฆฝ์‹ฑํฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
It was a zero-bandwidth teleconferencing system
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐด๋“œ์œ„์Šค (๊ต์—ญํญ)์˜
06:29
at the time.
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์ „์ž ํšŒ์˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
So this was the Media Lab's โ€”
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
this is what we said we'd do,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
06:37
that the world of computers, publishing,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์ถœํŒ
06:39
and so on would come together.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์œตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
Again, not generally accepted,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:44
but very much part of TED in the early days.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ TED ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ฃ .
06:49
And this is really where we were headed.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
And that created the Media Lab.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
One of the things about age
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์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
06:58
is that I can tell you with great confidence,
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์ €๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
I've been to the future.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ฐ€๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
I've been there, actually, many times.
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์ •๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๋ดค์–ด์š”.
07:08
And the reason I say that is,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
07:10
how many times in my life have I said,
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์ œ ํ‰์ƒ์— ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
07:12
"Oh, in 10 years, this will happen,"
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"์•„, 10๋…„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:14
and then 10 years comes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  10๋…„์ด ๋„๋ž˜ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:16
And then you say, "Oh, in five years, this will happen."
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "5๋…„ ํ›„์—” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”."
07:18
And then five years comes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” 5๋…„์ด ๋„๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
So I say this a little bit with having felt
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ™๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ด
07:23
that I'd been there a number of times,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
and one of the things that is most quoted
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง ์ค‘์—์„œ
07:29
that I've ever said
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž์ฃผ ์ธ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ง์€
07:30
is that computing is not about computers,
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์ปดํ“จํŒ…์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
and that didn't quite get enough traction,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๋Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
07:36
and then it started to.
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์ด์ œ ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๋Œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
It started to because people caught on
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„
07:42
that the medium wasn't the message.
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์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
And the reason I show this car
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”,
07:47
in actually a rather ugly slide
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์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:50
is just again to tell you the kind of story
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
that characterized a little bit of my life.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ €์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
This is a student of mine
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์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ
07:57
who had done a Ph.D. called "Backseat Driver."
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"๋’ท์ž๋ฆฌ ์šด์ „์‚ฌ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋งˆ์ณค์ฃ .
08:01
It was in the early days of GPS,
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ GPS ์‹œ์ ˆ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:03
the car knew where it was,
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ 
08:04
and it would give audio instructions
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์šด์ „์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ง€์‹œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
to the driver, when to turn right, when to turn left and so on.
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์–ธ์ œ ์ขŒํšŒ์ „ํ•  ์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ์–ธ์ œ ์šฐํšŒ์ „ํ•  ์ง€ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์„์š”.
08:10
Turns out, there are a lot of things
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—
08:11
in those instructions that back in that period
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์‹œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š”
08:14
were pretty challenging,
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
like what does it mean, take the next right?
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"๋‹ค์Œ ์šฐํšŒ์ „์„ ํ•˜๋ผ"๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ๊ฐ€? ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:19
Well, if you're coming up on a street,
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์Œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚˜์„œ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:21
the next right's probably the one after,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์šฐํšŒ์ „์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ธธํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
and there are lots of issues,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:24
and the student did a wonderful thesis,
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๊ทธ ํ•™์ƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
and the MIT patent office said "Don't patent it.
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MIT ์˜ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š”, "ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€๋งˆ๋ผ.
08:31
It'll never be accepted.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
08:33
The liabilities are too large.
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์ฑ…์ž„์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๊ณ 
08:35
There will be insurance issues.
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๋ณดํ—˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ,
08:37
Don't patent it."
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ํŠนํ—ˆ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ง์•„๋ผ." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
So we didn't,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
but it shows you how people, again, at times,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋•Œ๋ก  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
08:43
don't really look at what's happening.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
Some work, and I'll just go through these very quickly,
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ .
08:50
a lot of sensory stuff.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
You might recognize a young Yo-Yo Ma
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ Š์€ ์š”์š”๋งˆ๊ฐ€
08:54
and tracking his body for playing
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์ฒผ๋กœ์™€ ํ•˜์ดํผ์ฒผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„
08:58
the cello or the hypercello.
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์•Œ์•„๋ณด์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
These fellows literally walked around like that at the time.
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์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‹ค๋…”์ฃ .
09:05
It's now a little bit more discreet
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:07
and more commonplace.
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์ข€ ๋” ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
And then there are at least three heroes
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 4๋ช…์˜ ์˜์›…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
I want to quickly mention.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ตฐ์š”.
09:13
Marvin Minsky, who taught me a lot
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๋งˆ๋นˆ ๋ฏผ์Šคํ‚ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
09:15
about common sense,
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์ƒ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:17
and I will talk briefly about Muriel Cooper,
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๋ฎค๋ฆฌ์—˜ ์ฟ ํผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
09:20
who was very important to Ricky Wurman
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๋ฆฌํ‚ค ์›Œ๋จผ์™€ TED์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
09:23
and to TED, and in fact, when she got onstage,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์— ์„ฐ์„ ๋•Œ,
09:26
she said, the first thing she said was,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์€
09:28
"I introduced Ricky to Nicky."
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"์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋‹ˆํ‚ค์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
And nobody calls me Nicky
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋‹ˆํ‚ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
and nobody calls Richard Ricky,
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
so nobody knew who she was talking about.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
And then, of course, Seymour Papert,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‹œ๋ชจ์–ด ํŽ˜ํผํŠธ๊ฐ€
09:40
who is the person who said,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ฃ ,
09:41
"You can't think about thinking
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"๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ
09:43
unless you think about thinking about something."
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:45
And that's actually โ€” you can unpack that later.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค - ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:51
It's a pretty profound statement.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ๋ช…์ œ์—์š”.
09:55
I'm showing some slides
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๋ช‡๊ฐœ์˜ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฑด๋ฐ
09:57
that were from TED 2,
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TED 2 ์˜ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์—์š”.
09:59
a little silly as slides, perhaps.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์Šค์šด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
10:02
Then I felt television really was about displays.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” TV๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ์–ด์š”.
10:08
Again, now we're past TED 1,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ TED 1 ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ
10:11
but just around the time of TED 2,
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์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ TED 2์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋ฌด๋ ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
and what I'd like to mention here is,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์”€์€
10:16
even though you could imagine
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๋น„๋ก ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:18
intelligence in the device,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„,
10:20
I look today at some of the work
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  '์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท' (*Internet of Things: ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ์žฅ์น˜)์˜
10:22
being done about the Internet of Things,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ œ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
10:24
and I think it's kind of tragically pathetic,
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๋น„๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ํ•œ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
because what has happened is people take
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
10:29
the oven panel and put it on your cell phone,
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์˜ค๋ธ ๋ฌธ์ง์„ ๋œฏ์–ด ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ฌ์•„๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
or the door key onto your cell phone,
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ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌธ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™”์— ๋‹ฌ์•„๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:35
just taking it and bringing it to you,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ทจํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ๋“œ๋ฆฐ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:37
and in fact that's actually what you don't want.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:40
You want to put a chicken in the oven,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜ค๋ธ์— ๋‹ญ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉด
10:42
and the oven says, "Aha, it's a chicken,"
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์˜ค๋ธ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•„, ์ด๊ฑด ๋‹ญ์ด๋„ค."
10:44
and it cooks the chicken.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ญ์„ ์ตํžˆ์ฃ .
10:45
"Oh, it's cooking the chicken for Nicholas,
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"์•„, ์ด๊ฑด ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋จน์„ ๋‹ญ์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฐ.
10:47
and he likes it this way and that way."
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ˜น์€ ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€."
10:49
So the intelligence, instead of being in the device,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด, ๋„๊ตฌ ์•ˆ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ,
10:52
we have started today
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
10:53
to move it back onto the cell phone
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ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐ€์„œ
10:56
or closer to the user,
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ข€ ๋” ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
10:58
not a particularly enlightened view
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ํŠน์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ '์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท(*Internet of Things: ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ์žฅ์น˜)'์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
11:00
of the Internet of Things.
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ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
11:03
Television, again, television what I said today,
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” TV๋Š”,
11:06
that was back in 1990,
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๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ 1990๋…„์— ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
11:09
and the television of tomorrow
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ TV๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ
11:10
would look something like that.
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์ €๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
Again, people, but they laughed cynically,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ƒ๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:16
they didn't laugh with much appreciation.
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์ดํ•ด์˜ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:22
Telecommunications in the 1990s,
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1990๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ์€,
11:24
George Gilder decided that he would call this diagram
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์ฃ ์ง€ ๊ธธ๋”๋Š” ์ด ๋„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ
11:30
the Negroponte switch.
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๋„ค๊ทธ๋กœํฐํ…Œ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
I'm probably much less famous than George,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ €๋Š” ์ฃ ์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
so when he called it the Negroponte switch, it stuck,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ €๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„ค๊ทธ๋กœํฐํ…Œ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ •์ฐฉ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
11:38
but the idea of things that came in the ground
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๋•…์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”
11:41
would go in the air and stuff in the air
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๊ณต์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์€
11:42
would go into the ground
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๋•…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์„œ
11:44
has played itself out.
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๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์ง„๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:46
That is the original slide from that year,
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์ €๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ํ•ด์— ๋งŒ๋“  ์›๋ณธ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์ธ๋ฐ
11:50
and it has worked in lockstep obedience.
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งž์•„ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
We started Wired magazine.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™€์ด์–ด๋“œ(Wired: ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ)๋ผ๋Š” ์žก์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
Some people, I remember we shared
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์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช…์ด
12:00
the reception desk periodically,
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์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์‹ค์„ ์ง€์ผฐ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:02
and some parent called up irate that his son
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ด ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด ํ™”๋ฅผ๋‚ด๋ฉฐ
12:07
had given up Sports Illustrated
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๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์žก์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
12:09
to subscribe for Wired,
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์Šคํฌ์ธ  ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ์žก์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Š์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
12:11
and he said, "Are you some porno magazine or something?"
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๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค ํฌ๋ฅด๋…ธ ์žก์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ญ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑฐ๋ƒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค์ฃ .
12:14
and couldn't understand why his son
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์ž๊ธฐ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์™€์ด์–ด๋“œ ์žก์ง€์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ
12:16
would be interested in Wired, at any rate.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
I will go through this a little quicker.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
This is my favorite, 1995,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. 1995๋…„ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
back page of Newsweek magazine.
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๋‰ด์Šค์œ„ํฌ์ง€์˜ ๋’ท๋ฉด์ด์—์š”.
12:29
Okay. Read it. (Laughter)
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
12:31
["Nicholas Negroponte, director of the MIT Media Lab, predicts that we'll soon buy books and newspapers straight over the Internet. Uh, sure." โ€”Clifford Stoll, Newsweek, 1995]
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[MIT ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์†Œ์žฅ์ธ ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค ๋„ค๊ทธ๋กœํฐํ…Œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
12:33
You must admit that gives you,
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์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ๋‹ค.] ์˜ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ  ๋ง๊ณ ์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜,
12:35
at least it gives me pleasure
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
when somebody says how dead wrong you are.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž˜๋ชป๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ• ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:41
"Being Digital" came out.
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"๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ (Being Digital)"์ด ์ถœํŒ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:43
For me, it gave me an opportunity
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ
12:46
to be more in the trade press
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์–ธ๋ก ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ดํ•˜๊ณ 
12:48
and get this out to the public,
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์ด ์ฑ…์„ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
and it also allowed us to build the new Media Lab,
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๋˜ ์‹ ์ƒ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
12:54
which if you haven't been to, visit,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชป ๊ฐ€๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ผญ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:56
because it's a beautiful piece of architecture
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์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ์ณ๋‘๊ณ ๋ผ๋„
12:59
aside from being a wonderful place to work.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
13:02
So these are the things we were saying in those TEDs.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด TED ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
[Today, multimedia is a desktop or living room experience, because the apparatus is so clunky. This will change dramatically with small, bright, thin, high-resolution displays. โ€” 1995]
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[์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์Šคํฌํƒ‘์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
13:06
We came to them.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๊ณ , ์–‡๊ณ , ๋ฐ์€ ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„์˜ ํ™”๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. -1995๋…„.] ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
I looked forward to it every year.
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์ €๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
It was the party that Ricky Wurman never had
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฆฌํ‚ค ์›Œ๋จผ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์˜€์ง€์š”.
13:13
in the sense that he invited many of his old friends,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด์š”.
13:16
including myself.
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์ €๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
13:17
And then something for me changed
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋‹ˆ ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€
13:20
pretty profoundly.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
I became more involved with computers and learning
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ํ•™์Šต์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
13:25
and influenced by Seymour,
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๋˜ ์‹œ๋ชจ์–ด์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
but particularly looking at learning
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ํŠนํžˆ ํ•™์Šต์„
13:30
as something that is best approximated
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด
13:34
by computer programming.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์š”.
13:36
When you write a computer program,
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์ปดํ‘ธํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์“ด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:38
you've got to not just list things out
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ•  ์ผ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ ์–ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:41
and sort of take an algorithm
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํƒํ•ด
13:42
and translate it into a set of instructions,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฌถ์Œ์˜ ์ง€์‹œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ์จ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
but when there's a bug, and all programs have bugs,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—๋Š” ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:48
you've got to de-bug it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
You've got to go in, change it,
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
13:52
and then re-execute,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
and you iterate,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
13:55
and that iteration is really
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์šฉ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ
13:58
a very, very good approximation of learning.
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ํ•™์Šต์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
So that led to my own work with Seymour
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์‹œ๋ชจ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
in places like Cambodia
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์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:07
and the starting of One Laptop per Child.
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"ํ•œ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ํ•œ ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ"๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
Enough TED Talks on One Laptop per Child,
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"ํ•œ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ํ•œ ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ"์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ TED ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ,
14:13
so I'll go through it very fast,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
but it did give us the chance
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
14:18
to do something at a relatively large scale
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๋น„๊ต์  ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ผ ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:22
in the area of learning, development and computing.
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ํ•™์Šต, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ปดํ“จํŒ…์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:26
Very few people know that One Laptop per Child
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"ํ•œ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ํ•œ ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ"๋ž€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€
14:29
was a $1 billion project,
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10์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์งœ๋ฆฌ์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
and it was, at least over the seven years I ran it,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ , ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ 7๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์€์š”.
14:34
but even more important, the World Bank
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋Š” ์ œ๋กœ์˜€๊ณ ,
14:36
contributed zero, USAID zero.
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USAID (United States Agency for International Development: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ฒ˜)๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„ ์ œ๋กœ์˜€์ฃ .
14:39
It was mostly the countries using their own treasuries,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
14:43
which is very interesting,
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๊ทธ ์ ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์›Œ์š”.
14:45
at least to me it was very interesting
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์ฃ .
14:46
in terms of what I plan to do next.
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์ œ ํ–ฅํ›„์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ์š”.
14:49
So these are the various places it happened.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ
14:53
I then tried an experiment,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
and the experiment happened in Ethiopia.
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๊ทธ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ด๋””์˜คํ”ผ์•„์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
15:00
And here's the experiment.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:02
The experiment is,
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๊ทธ ์‹คํ—˜์ด๋ž€
15:04
can learning happen where there are no schools.
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"ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ํ•™์Šต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ?" ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
And we dropped off tablets
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋†“์•„๋‘์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:10
with no instructions
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์ง€์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋„ ์—†์ด
15:13
and let the children figure it out.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
15:16
And in a short period of time,
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์•„์ฃผ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์—
15:19
they not only
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€
15:22
turned them on and were using 50 apps per child
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ผœ๊ณ  5์ผ ์•ˆ์— ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋‹น 50๊ฐœ์˜ ์•ฑ์„
15:25
within five days,
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
15:27
they were singing "ABC" songs within two weeks,
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2์ฃผ์•ˆ์— "ABC" ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €๊ณ 
15:30
but they hacked Android within six months.
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6๊ฐœ์›”์ด๋‚ด์— ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ•ดํ‚นํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
15:34
And so that seemed sufficiently interesting.
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์ •๋ง ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์–ด์š”.
15:37
This is perhaps the best picture I have.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์•„๋งˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ํ™”์งˆ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
The kid on your right
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๊ฐ€
15:44
has sort of nominated himself as teacher.
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์ž์‹ ์„ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ง€๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
Look at the kid on the left, and so on.
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์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
15:49
There are no adults involved in this at all.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
15:52
So I said, well can we do this
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , "์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
15:53
at a larger scale?
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?"
15:55
And what is it that's missing?
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"๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๋†“์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?"
15:57
The kids are giving a press conference at this point,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์— ๊ธฐ์ž ํšŒ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
and sort of writing in the dirt.
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๋จผ์ง€ ์†์—์„œ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
16:02
And the answer is, what is missing?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ•ด๋‹ต์€, "๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?" ์ด์ฃ .
16:06
And I'm going to skip over my prediction, actually,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌ์€ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
because I'm running out of time,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:10
and here's the question, is what's going to happen?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?"
16:14
I think the challenge
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚œ๊ด€์€
16:15
is to connect the last billion people,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
16:18
and connecting the last billion
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
16:21
is very different than connecting the next billion,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ™•์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
and the reason it's different
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
16:25
is that the next billion
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต์€
16:27
are sort of low-hanging fruit,
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์ผ์ข…์˜, ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋”ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
16:29
but the last billion are rural.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต์€ ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
Being rural and being poor
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์‹œ๊ณจ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
16:36
are very different.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์š”.
16:37
Poverty tends to be created by our society,
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๊ฐ€๋‚œ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
16:41
and the people in that community are not poor
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๊ทธ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์€
16:47
in the same way at all.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
They may be primitive,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์›์‹œ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
16:50
but the way to approach it and to connect them,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
16:54
the history of One Laptop per Child,
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"์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ•œ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ"๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€
16:56
and the experiment in Ethiopia,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋””์˜คํ”ผ์•„์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์€
17:00
lead me to believe that we can in fact
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
17:03
do this in a very short period of time.
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์•„์ฃผ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ๋„๋ก ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:06
And so my plan,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ๊ณ„ํš์€,
17:08
and unfortunately I haven't been able
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ์•„์ง
17:10
to get my partners at this point
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๊ณต๋™ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž๋ฅผ
17:13
to let me announce them,
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๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
17:14
but is to do this with a stationary satellite.
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์ œ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •์ง€ ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
There are many reasons
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์ •์ง€ ์œ„์„ฑ์ด
17:22
that stationary satellites aren't the best things,
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์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
but there are a lot of reasons why they are,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:29
and for two billion dollars,
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20์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ
17:32
you can connect a lot more than 100 million people,
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1์–ต ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
but the reason I picked two,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 20์–ต์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”,
17:39
and I will leave this as my last slide,
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์ด ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘์ฃ .
17:42
is two billion dollars
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” 20์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€
17:44
is what we were spending
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๋งค์ฃผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
17:47
in Afghanistan
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์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ
17:49
every week.
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ํ—ˆ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:51
So surely if we can connect
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์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€
17:54
Africa and the last billion people
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋ช…์„,
17:57
for numbers like that,
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๊ทธ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:58
we should be doing it.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:00
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:02
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:05
Chris Anderson: Stay up there. Stay up there.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์ž ์‹œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์…” ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ž ์‹œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์…” ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
18:10
NN: You're going to give me extra time?
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค: ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ ค๊ณ ์š”?
18:12
CA: No. That was wickedly clever, wickedly clever.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‹ฌ์ˆ ๊ถ‚๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ตฐ์š”, ์‹ฌ์ˆ ๊ถ‚๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ตฐ์š”.
18:14
You gamed it beautifully.
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๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ํ•˜์…จ๋„ค์š”.
18:16
Nicholas, what is your prediction?
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค: ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š”๋Œ€์š”?
18:19
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
18:21
NN: Thank you for asking.
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค: ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
I'll tell you what my prediction is,
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์ œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
18:26
and my prediction, and this is a prediction,
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์ €์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์€, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:29
because it'll be 30 years. I won't be here.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด 30๋…„ ํ›„์—๋Š”, ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
18:31
But one of the things about learning how to read,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•™์Šต์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ,
18:36
we have been doing a lot of consuming
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
18:39
of information going through our eyes,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
18:41
and so that may be a very inefficient channel.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:44
So my prediction is that we are going to ingest information
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์ œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:49
You're going to swallow a pill and know English.
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์•Œ ์•ฝ์„ ํ•œ ์•Œ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
18:52
You're going to swallow a pill and know Shakespeare.
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์•Œ ์•ฝ์„ ํ•œ ์•Œ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:55
And the way to do it is through the bloodstream.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์—์š”.
18:58
So once it's in your bloodstream,
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด
19:00
it basically goes through it and gets into the brain,
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด์„œ ๋‘๋‡Œ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:02
and when it knows that it's in the brain
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๋‘๋‡Œ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
19:04
in the different pieces,
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์•„๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—
19:05
it deposits it in the right places.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ชจ์๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:08
So it's ingesting.
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์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
19:09
CA: Have you been hanging out with Ray Kurzweil by any chance?
427
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ํ˜น์‹œ ๋ ˆ์ด ์ปค์ฆˆ์™€์ผ๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด์‹  ์ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
19:12
NN: No, but I've been hanging around with Ed Boyden
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค: ์•„๋‡จ. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—๋“œ ๋ณด์ด๋“ ์€ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
19:15
and hanging around with one of the speakers
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฌ ์ค‘์— ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณธ ์ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
19:17
who is here, Hugh Herr,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ํœด ํ—ˆ ๊ต์ˆ˜์š”.
19:19
and there are a number of people.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
19:21
This isn't quite as far-fetched,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ผญ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋™๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
19:22
so 30 years from now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 30๋…„์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
19:25
CA: We will check it out.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
19:27
We're going to be back and we're going to play this clip 30 years from now,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ 30๋…„ ์ „์ธ ์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„์™€ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
19:29
and then all eat the red pill.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์•Œ์•ฝ์„ ๋จน์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:32
Well thank you for that.
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๊ทธ ์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
Nicholas Negroponte.
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค ๋„ค๊ทธ๋กœํฐํ…Œ ์”จ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:36
NN: Thank you.
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:37
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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