Behind the lies of Holocaust denial | Deborah Lipstadt

438,091 views ・ 2017-05-23

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Sojeong KIM κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I come to you today to speak of liars,
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μ „ 였늘 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ κ±°μ§“λ§μŸμ΄
00:17
lawsuits
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μ†Œμ†‘
00:18
and laughter.
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그리고 μ›ƒμŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
The first time I heard about Holocaust denial,
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ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ 뢀정에 κ΄€ν•΄ 처음 λ“€μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
00:23
I laughed.
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μ €λŠ” μ›ƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
Holocaust denial?
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ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ λΆ€μ •?
00:28
The Holocaust which has the dubious distinction
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μžμ„Ένžˆ 기둝된 ν•™μ‚΄μ΄λΌλŠ”
00:31
of being the best-documented genocide in the world?
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μ˜μ‹¬μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 영예λ₯Ό 가진 μœ λŒ€μΈ λŒ€ν•™μ‚΄?
00:36
Who could believe it didn't happen?
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κ·Έ 일이 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 정말 μžˆλ‹€κ³ ?
00:39
Think about it.
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ν•œλ²ˆ μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:42
For deniers to be right,
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λΆ€μ •λ‘ μžλ“€μ˜ μ£Όμž₯이 맞으렀면
00:44
who would have to be wrong?
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λˆ„κ°€ ν‹€λ¦° 말을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
00:46
Well, first of all, the victims --
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무엇보닀도, λ¨Όμ € ν”Όν•΄μžκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
the survivors who have told us their harrowing stories.
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직접 κ²ͺμ—ˆλ˜ μ°Έν˜Ήν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό μ „ν•΄μ€€ μƒμ‘΄μžλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
Who else would have to be wrong?
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또 λˆ„κ°€ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:57
The bystanders.
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λͺ©κ²©μžλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
The people who lived in the myriads of towns and villages and cities
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동뢀 μ „μ„ μ˜ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ λ§ˆμ„κ³Ό λ„μ‹œμ— μ‚΄μ•˜λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μš”.
01:03
on the Eastern front,
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01:05
who watched their neighbors be rounded up --
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그듀은 이웃 주민이 μ²΄ν¬λ˜λŠ” ν˜„μž₯을 λͺ©κ²©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
men, women, children, young, old --
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남성과 μ—¬μ„±, 어린아이와 노인.
01:11
and be marched to the outskirts of the town
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쀄을 지어 λ§ˆμ„ μ™Έκ³½μœΌλ‘œ κ°„ 이웃듀이
01:14
to be shot and left dead in ditches.
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μ΄μ‚΄λ‹Ήν•œ ν›„ λ„λž‘μ— 버렀진 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ μ§€μΌœλ³Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
Or the Poles,
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ν΄λž€λ“œμΈλ“€λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
who lived in towns and villages around the death camps,
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죽음의 μˆ˜μš©μ†Œ 근처 λ§ˆμ„μ— μ‚΄λ©°
01:23
who watched day after day
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맀일 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ‘œ κ°€λ“ν•œ κΈ°μ°¨κ°€ λ„μ°©ν•˜κ³ 
01:26
as the trains went in filled with people
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ν…… 빈 μƒνƒœλ‘œ λ– λ‚˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©κ²©ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
and came out empty.
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01:31
But above all, who would have to be wrong?
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 무엇보닀도, λˆ„κ°€ 또 ν‹€λ Έμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:35
The perpetrators.
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κ°€ν•΄μžλ“€.
01:37
The people who say, "We did it.
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"μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 μžλ°±ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μš”.
01:41
I did it."
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"μ œκ°€ κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
01:42
Now, maybe they add a caveat.
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그듀이 ν•œ λ§ˆλ””μ”© 뢙이긴 ν•˜κ² μ£ .
01:45
They say, "I didn't have a choice; I was forced to do it."
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"μ„ νƒμ˜ 여지가 μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”. μ–΄μ©” 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 λ§ν•˜κ² μ§€λ§Œ
01:49
But nonetheless, they say, "I did it."
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μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  "μ œκ°€ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"라고 μžλ°±ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
Think about it.
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μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:55
In not one war crimes trial since the end of World War II
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제2μ°¨ μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „ ν›„ μ—΄λ¦° κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ μ „λ²” μž¬νŒμ—μ„œλ„
02:01
has a perpetrator of any nationality ever said, "It didn't happen."
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ꡭ적을 λΆˆλ¬Έν•˜κ³ 
"그런 일은 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€" 라고 λ§ν•œ κ°€ν•΄μžλŠ” μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
02:08
Again, they may have said, "I was forced," but never that it didn't happen.
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"κ°•μš”λ‹Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"λΌκ³ λŠ” 말해도, λΉ„κ·Ή 자체λ₯Ό λΆ€μΈν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
02:13
Having thought that through,
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이 λͺ¨λ“  점을 생각해본 κ²°κ³Ό,
02:15
I decided denial was not going to be on my agenda;
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ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ 뢀정은 μ œκ°€ λ‹€λ£° μ˜μ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 결둠에 이λ₯΄λ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
I had bigger things to worry about, to write about, to research,
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이보닀 훨씬 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ£Όμ œκ°€ λ§Žλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ .
02:22
and I moved on.
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이 문제λ₯Ό λ„˜κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
Fast-forward a little over a decade,
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μ‹­μ—¬ λ…„ μ „
02:27
and two senior scholars --
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μœ λŒ€μΈ λŒ€ν•™μ‚΄ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ μ €λͺ…ν•œ μ„ λ°° μ—­μ‚¬ν•™μž 두 뢄이
02:29
two of the most prominent historians of the Holocaust --
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02:32
approached me and said,
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μ €λ₯Ό 찾아와 λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μ£ .
02:33
"Deborah, let's have coffee.
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"데보라, 컀피 ν•œμž”ν•΄μš”.
02:35
We have a research idea that we think is perfect for you."
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ λ”± λ§žλŠ” μ—°κ΅¬μ£Όμ œκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”."
02:39
Intrigued and flattered that they came to me with an idea
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μ €λ₯Ό μ ν•©ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ—¬ μ˜€μ…¨λ‹€λ‹ˆ
02:43
and thought me worthy of it,
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κ°μ‚¬ν•œ 마음이 λ“€μ—ˆκ³  ν₯λ―Έλ‘œμ› κ³ μš”.
02:44
I asked, "What is it?"
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"λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”?"라고 λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
And they said, "Holocaust denial."
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"ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ λΆ€μ •"이라고 λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μ£ .
02:51
And for the second time, I laughed.
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μ €λŠ” 두 번째둜 웃고야 λ§μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
Holocaust denial?
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ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ λΆ€μ •μ΄μš”?
02:56
The Flat Earth folks?
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지ꡬ가 ν‰ν‰ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ―ΏλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€?
02:58
The Elvis-is-alive people?
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μ—˜λΉ„μŠ€κ°€ μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€?
03:00
I should study them?
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κ³Όμ—° 연ꡬ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:03
And these two guys said,
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두 뢄이 λŒ€λ‹΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
"Yeah, we're intrigued.
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"λ„€, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό κΆκΈˆν•΄μš”.
03:06
What are they about?
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ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ 뢀정은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
03:08
What's their objective?
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
03:10
How do they manage to get people to believe what they say?"
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·Έ 말을 믿게 ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?"
03:14
So thinking, if they thought it was worthwhile,
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μ €λͺ…ν•œ μ—­μ‚¬ν•™μžλ„ κ°€μΉ˜ μžˆλŠ” μ—°κ΅¬μ£Όμ œλΌκ³  λ―ΏλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄,
03:18
I would take a momentary diversion --
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잠깐 였락거리둜 μ—°κ΅¬ν•΄λ³΄μžκ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
maybe a year, maybe two, three, maybe even four --
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일 λ…„, 이 λ…„μ΄λ‚˜ μ‚Ό λ…„, κΈΈλ©΄ 사 λ…„ μ •λ„μš”.
03:24
in academic terms, that's momentary.
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ν•™κ³„μ—μ„œλŠ” κ·Έκ±Έ 잠깐이라고 ν•΄μš”.
03:26
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:27
We work very slowly.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό 천천히 μΌν•΄μš”.
03:30
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:31
And I would look at them.
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이 주제λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
So I did.
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연ꡬλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
03:34
I did my research, and I came up with a number of things,
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연ꡬλ₯Ό ν–ˆκ³ , λͺ‡ 가지λ₯Ό μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
two of which I'd like to share with you today.
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그쀑 두 가지λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
One:
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첫째
03:41
deniers are wolves in sheep's clothing.
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λΆ€μ •λ‘ μžλ“€μ€ μ–‘μ˜ νƒˆμ„ μ“΄ λŠ‘λŒ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
They are the same: Nazis, neo-Nazis --
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그듀은 λ˜‘κ°™μ€ λΆ€λ₯˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚˜μΉ˜, μ‹ λ‚˜μΉ˜λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
you can decide whether you want to put a "neo" there or not.
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"μ‹ (neo)"을 뢙일지 λ§μ§€λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
03:54
But when I looked at them,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그듀을 보면
03:56
I didn't see any SS-like uniforms,
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그듀이 λ‚˜μΉ˜μ˜ SS μ œλ³΅μ„ μž…μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
04:01
swastika-like symbols on the wall,
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벽에 만자 무늬λ₯Ό 걸지도 μ•ŠμœΌλ©°
04:04
Sieg Heil salutes --
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λ‚˜μΉ˜ 경둀도 μ•ˆ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:06
none of that.
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그런 행동은 μ „ν˜€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
What I found instead
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였히렀 그듀은
04:11
were people parading as respectable academics.
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ ν•™μžμΈ μ²™ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
What did they have?
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ 무엇이 μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:17
They had an institute.
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κ΅μœ‘κΈ°κ΄€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
An "Institute for Historical Review."
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"역사 κ²€ν†  μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œ"μ˜€μ£ .
04:24
They had a journal -- a slick journal --
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ν•™μˆ μ§€λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ²‰λ§Œ κ·ΈλŸ΄μ‹Έν•œ ν•™μˆ μ§€μš”.
04:26
a "Journal of Historical Review."
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"역사 κ²€ν†  ν•™μˆ μ§€"
04:30
One filled with papers --
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각쒅 λ…Όλ¬Έ,
04:32
footnote-laden papers.
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각주가 달린 논문이 κ°€λ“ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
And they had a new name.
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그리고 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 이름을 λΆ™μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
Not neo-Nazis,
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λ„€μ˜€ λ‚˜μΉ˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ
04:40
not anti-Semites --
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반 μœ λŒ€μ£Όμ˜μžκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ
04:43
revisionists.
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'μˆ˜μ •λ‘ μž'라고 μžμΉ­ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
They said, "We are revisionists.
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그리고 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμ–΄μš”. "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μˆ˜μ •λ‘ μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
We are out to do one thing:
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‚˜μ„  μ΄μœ λŠ” 단 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
to revise mistakes in history."
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μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ •ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
04:54
But all you had to do was go one inch below the surface,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 수면 μ•„λž˜μ˜ 진싀을 듀여닀보면
04:59
and what did you find there?
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μ–΄λ–€ 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
05:01
The same adulation of Hitler,
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νžˆν‹€λŸ¬λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•œ λ˜‘κ°™μ€ μˆ­λ°°μ™€
05:04
praise of the Third Reich,
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제3μ œκ΅­μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ°¬μ–‘
05:05
anti-Semitism, racism, prejudice.
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λ°˜μœ λŒ€μ£Όμ˜, 인쒅차별, 편견이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
This is what intrigued me.
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이 점이 ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬μ„ λΆˆλŸ¬μΌμœΌμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
It was anti-Semitism, racism, prejudice, parading as rational discourse.
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이성적 λ‹΄λ‘ μœΌλ‘œ κ°€μž₯ν•œ λ°˜μœ λŒ€μ£Όμ˜, 인쒅차별, νŽΈκ²¬μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
The other thing I found --
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또 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
many of us have been taught to think there are facts and there are opinions --
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λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 사싀이 있으면 μ˜κ²¬λ„ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
after studying deniers,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λΆ€μ •λ‘ μžλ“€μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•œ ν›„
05:27
I think differently.
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기쑴의 생각이 λ‹¬λΌμ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
05:29
There are facts,
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μ„Έμƒμ—λŠ” 사싀이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
there are opinions,
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μ˜κ²¬λ„ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
and there are lies.
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그리고 거짓말도 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ£ .
05:34
And what deniers want to do is take their lies,
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λΆ€μ •λ‘ μžλ“€μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 거짓말을
05:40
dress them up as opinions --
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의견으둜 λ‘”κ°‘μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 데 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:42
maybe edgy opinions,
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μ‹ λž„ν•œ 의견
05:44
maybe sort of out-of-the-box opinions --
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상식을 λ²—μ–΄λ‚œ 의견으둜 λΆˆλ¦¬λ”λΌλ„
05:46
but then if they're opinions,
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일단 의견으둜 받아듀여진닀면
05:48
they should be part of the conversation.
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λ…Όμ˜μ˜ ν•œ 뢀뢄을 차지할 μˆ˜λ°–μ— μ—†μ£ .
05:50
And then they encroach on the facts.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 되면, 거짓말이 사싀을 μΉ¨ν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
I published my work --
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μ €λŠ” 연ꡬ λ‚΄μš©μ„ λ°œν‘œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
the book was published,
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책이 μΆœνŒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
"Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory,"
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"μœ λŒ€μΈΒ λŒ€ν•™μ‚΄μ˜Β λΆ€μΈ, 진싀과 기얡에 λŒ€ν•œΒ μ μ¦ν•˜λŠ” 곡격"
06:01
it came out in many different countries,
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이 책은 μ—¬λŸ¬ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ μΆœνŒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
including here in Penguin UK,
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이곳 영ꡭ의 νŽ­κ·„ μΆœνŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œλ„μš”.
06:05
and I was done with those folks and ready to move on.
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λΆ€μ •λ‘ μžλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜λ°•μ΄ λλ‚¬μœΌλ‹ˆ, λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°ˆ μ˜ˆμ •μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:09
Then came the letter from Penguin UK.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 곧 영ꡭ νŽ­κ·„ μΆœνŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ ν•œ ν†΅μ˜ νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
And for the third time, I laughed ...
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μ €λŠ” μ„Έ 번째둜 웃고야 λ§μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:18
mistakenly.
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μ‹€μˆ˜λ‘œμš”.
06:20
I opened the letter,
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νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό μ—΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
and it informed me that David Irving was bringing a libel suit against me
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λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 어빙이 λͺ…μ˜ˆν›Όμ†μœΌλ‘œ 절 κ³ μ†Œν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” λ‚΄μš©μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:28
in the United Kingdom
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λ°”λ‘œ μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œμš”.
06:30
for calling him a Holocaust denier.
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κ·Έλ₯Ό ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ λΆ€μ •λ‘ μžλ‘œ λΆˆλ €λ‹€λŠ” μ΄μœ μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
David Irving suing me?
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λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 어빙이 λ‚  κ³ μ†Œν–ˆλ‹€κ³ ?
06:35
Who was David Irving?
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λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 어빙은 λˆ„κ΅¬μΌκΉŒμš”?
06:36
David Irving was a writer of historical works,
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λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 어빙은 역사물 μž‘κ°€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
most of them about World War II,
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제2μ°¨ μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „μ— λŒ€ν•œ 글이 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
06:41
and virtually all of those works took the position
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κ·Έκ°€ μž‘μ„±ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  κΈ€μ—μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ”
06:44
that the Nazis were really not so bad,
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λ‚˜μΉ˜λŠ” μƒκ°λ§ŒνΌ λ‚˜μ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ³ 
06:48
and the Allies were really not so good.
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연합ꡰ도 μ’‹μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” νƒœλ„λ₯Ό μ·¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
And the Jews, whatever happened to them,
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μœ λŒ€μΈμ΄ 무슨 일을 λ‹Ήν–ˆλ“ 
06:53
they sort of deserved it.
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κ·ΈλŸ΄λ§Œν•œ μ΄μœ κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” λ…Όμ‘°μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
06:56
He knew the documents,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ—­μ‚¬λ¬Έμ„œλ₯Ό μ•Œμ•˜κ³ 
06:57
he knew the facts,
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역사적 사싀도 μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
06:59
but he somehow twisted them to get this opinion.
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μžμ‹ μ˜ μ£Όμž₯을 λ’·λ°›μΉ¨ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 역사적 사싀을 꼬아버렸죠.
07:02
He hadn't always been a Holocaust denier,
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κ·Έκ°€ 항상 μœ λŒ€μΈ 학살을 λΆ€μ •ν–ˆλ˜ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
but in the late '80s,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 1980λ…„ λŒ€ 말뢀터
07:07
he embraced it with great vigor.
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본격적으둜 뢀정둠을 λ°›μ•„λ“€μ˜€μ£ .
07:11
The reason I laughed also was this was a man
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μ œκ°€ 웃을 μˆ˜λ°–μ— μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μœ λŠ”
κ·Έκ°€ ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ λΆ€μ •λ‘ μžμž„μ„ λ„˜μ–΄μ„œ
07:15
who not only was a Holocaust denier,
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07:17
but seemed quite proud of it.
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κ·Έ 사싀을 μ œλ²• μžλž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
Here was a man -- and I quote --
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그의 말을 μΈμš©ν• κ²Œμš”.
07:20
who said, "I'm going to sink the battleship Auschwitz."
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"λ‚˜λŠ” μ•„μš°μŠˆλΉ„μΈ  μ „νˆ¬ν•¨μ„ μΉ¨λͺ°μ‹œν‚¬ 것이닀."라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
Here was a man
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ€
07:26
who pointed to the number tattooed on a survivor's arm and said,
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μƒμ‘΄μžμ˜ νŒ”μ— μƒˆκ²¨μ§„ 수감번호λ₯Ό 가리킀며
07:31
"How much money have you made
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"νŒ”μ— 숫자 문신을 ν•΄μ„œ
07:33
from having that number tattooed on your arm?"
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ λˆμ„ λ²Œμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?"라고 λ¬»λŠ” λΆ€λ₯˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
Here was a man who said,
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ€
07:39
"More people died in Senator Kennedy's car
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"μ²΄νΌν€΄λ”•μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ μΌ€λ„€λ”” μƒμ›μ˜μ›μ˜ μ°¨ μ‚¬κ³ μ—μ„œ
07:42
at Chappaquiddick
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μ•„μš°μŠˆλΉ„μΈ  κ°€μŠ€μ‹€μ—μ„œλ³΄λ‹€ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ£½μ—ˆλ‹€"라고 λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
07:43
than died in gas chambers at Auschwitz."
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07:46
That's an American reference, but you can look it up.
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λ―Έκ΅­ 이야기인데, ν•œλ²ˆ μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:51
This was not a man who seemed at all ashamed or reticent
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이 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ λΆ€μ •λ‘ μžλ₯Ό 사싀을 λΆ€λ„λŸ¬μ›Œν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
07:54
about being a Holocaust denier.
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μ‘°μ‹¬μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:56
Now, lots of my academic colleagues counseled me --
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학계 λ™λ£Œλ“€μ΄ 제게 μ‘°μ–Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
"Eh, Deborah, just ignore it."
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"데보라, κ·Έλƒ₯ λ¬΄μ‹œν•΄μš”."
08:02
When I explained you can't just ignore a libel suit,
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μ œκ°€ λͺ…μ˜ˆν›Όμ† μ†Œμ†‘μ„ κ·Έλƒ₯ λ¬΄μ‹œν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜λ©΄,
08:06
they said, "Who's going to believe him anyway?"
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"λˆ„κ°€ κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ―Ώκ² μ–΄μš”?" 라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
08:09
But here was the problem:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” λ°”λ‘œ 거기에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:11
British law put the onus, put the burden of proof on me
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μ˜κ΅­λ²•μ€ 제 글이 진싀에 κ·Όκ±°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€λŠ”
08:17
to prove the truth of what I said,
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μž…μ¦μ˜ μ±…μž„μ„ μ €μ—κ²Œ λŒλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
in contrast to as it would have been in the United States
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λ―Έκ΅­κ³ΌλŠ” μ •λ°˜λŒ€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
and in many other countries:
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미ꡭ을 λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œλŠ”
08:24
on him to prove the falsehood.
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κ·Έκ°€ μ œκ°€ 그의 λͺ…μ˜ˆλ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν›Όμ†ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μž…μ¦ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
What did that mean?
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무슨 λœ»μΌκΉŒμš”?
08:29
That meant if I didn't fight,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ œκ°€ μ‹Έμš°μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
08:32
he would win by default.
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κΆμ„μž¬νŒμœΌλ‘œ κ·Έκ°€ μŠΉμ†Œν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
And if he won by default,
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κΆμ„μž¬νŒμœΌλ‘œ μŠΉμ†Œν•˜κ²Œ 되면
08:37
he could then legitimately say,
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κ·ΈλŠ” ν•©λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ 말할 수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
"My David Irving version of the Holocaust is a legitimate version.
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"ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ 제 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν•©λ²•μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
Deborah Lipstadt was found to have libeled me
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데보라 λ¦½μŠ€νƒ€νŠΈλŠ” μ €λ₯Ό ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ λΆ€μΈλ‘ μžλΌκ³ 
08:47
when she called me a Holocaust denier.
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뢈러 λͺ…μ˜ˆν›Όμ† νŒκ²°μ„ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:49
Ipso facto, I, David Irving, am not a Holocaust denier."
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고둜, λ‚˜, λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 어빙은 ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ λΆ€μ •λ‘ μžκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€."
08:54
And what is that version?
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이 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
08:56
There was no plan to murder the Jews,
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μœ λŒ€μΈ 살상 κ³„νšμ€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€.
08:59
there were no gas chambers,
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κ°€μŠ€μ‹€μ€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€.
09:01
there were no mass shootings,
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총기 λ‚œμ‚¬λ„ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€.
09:03
Hitler had nothing to do with any suffering that went on,
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νžˆν‹€λŸ¬λŠ” 이 λΉ„κ·Ήκ³ΌλŠ” μ „ν˜€ 관계가 μ—†μœΌλ©°
09:06
and the Jews have made this all up
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μœ λŒ€μΈμ΄ λ…μΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ³΄μƒκΈˆμ„ λ°›κ³ 
09:10
to get money from Germany
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κ΅­κ°€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ μž 이 λͺ¨λ“  일을 κΎΈλͺ„λ‹€.
09:12
and to get a state,
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09:14
and they've done it with the aid and abettance of the Allies --
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연합ꡰ이 이 과정을 λ°©μ‘°ν•˜μ˜€κ³ ,
09:17
they've planted the documents and planted the evidence.
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μœ λŒ€μΈμ΄ λ¬Έμ„œμ™€ 증거λ₯Ό μ‘°μž‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.
09:22
I couldn't let that stand
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έ 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ„λ‘ λ°©κ΄€ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
and ever face a survivor
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μƒμ‘΄μžμ™€
09:27
or a child of survivors.
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μƒμ‘΄μžμ˜ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 얼꡴을 λ³Ό 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
I couldn't let that stand
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이 일을 λ¬΅κ³Όν•˜λ©΄
09:31
and consider myself a responsible historian.
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제 μžμ‹ μ„ μ±…μž„μžˆλŠ” μ—­μ‚¬ν•™μžλ‘œ λ³Ό 수 없을 것 κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:37
So we fought.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹Έμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
And for those of you who haven't seen "Denial,"
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μ˜ν™” "λ‚˜λŠ” λΆ€μ •ν•œλ‹€(Denial)"λ₯Ό 아직 μ•ˆ 보셨닀면,
09:41
spoiler alert:
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μŠ€ν¬μΌλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μ£Όμ˜ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
09:42
we won.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:43
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:44
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
09:51
The judge found David Irving
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νŒμ‚¬λŠ” λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 어빙을
09:56
to be a liar,
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κ±°μ§“λ§μŸμ΄
09:59
a racist,
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인쒅 μ°¨λ³„μ£Όμ˜μž
10:00
an anti-Semite.
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λ°˜μœ λŒ€μΈμ£Όμ˜μžλΌκ³  νŒκ²°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:01
His view of history was tendentious,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 편ν–₯적인 역사관을 κ°€μ‘Œκ³ 
10:04
he lied, he distorted --
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거짓말을 ν–ˆμœΌλ©° 역사λ₯Ό μ™œκ³‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
and most importantly,
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무엇보닀 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은
10:08
he did it deliberately.
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μ˜λ„μ μœΌλ‘œ 거짓말을 ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:11
We showed a pattern, in over 25 different major instances.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 25κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” μ‚¬λ‘€μ—μ„œ μΌκ΄€λœ νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
Not small things -- many of us in this audience write books,
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μ‚¬μ†Œν•œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ£ . 이 μžλ¦¬μ— 계신 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€
10:18
are writing books;
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 집필 ν™œλ™ μ€‘μ΄μ‹œμ£ .
10:19
we always make mistakes, that's why we're glad to have second editions:
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 제2판 인쇄가 μžˆμ–΄ 닀행이죠.
10:23
correct the mistakes.
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μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό λ°”λ‘œμž‘μ„ κΈ°νšŒλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
10:24
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:26
But these always moved in the same direction:
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그의 글을 항상 같은 λ°©ν–₯으둜 ν˜λ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
blame the Jews,
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μœ λŒ€μΈμ„ λΉ„λ‚œν–ˆκ³ 
10:32
exonerate the Nazis.
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λ‚˜μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ©΄μ£„ν•˜κ³ μž ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
But how did we win?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄κ²Όμ„κΉŒμš”?
10:38
What we did is follow his footnotes back to his sources.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 각주의 좜처λ₯Ό μ‚΄νˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:44
And what did we find?
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그리고 λ°œκ²¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
Not in most cases,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κ²½μš°λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ
10:47
and not in the preponderance of cases,
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μ ˆλŒ€ λ‹€μˆ˜λΌκ³ λŠ” 말할 수 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ,
10:49
but in every single instance where he made some reference to the Holocaust,
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μœ λŒ€μΈ 학살에 κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μ˜ˆμ‹œμ—μ„œ
10:53
that his supposed evidence was distorted,
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μ œμ‹œλœ μ¦κ±°λŠ” μ™œκ³‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:57
half-truth,
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절반만 μ§„μ‹€μ΄μ—ˆκ³ 
10:59
date-changed,
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λ‚ μ§œκ°€ μ‘°μž‘λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
11:00
sequence-changed,
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μˆœμ„œκ°€ λ°”λ€Œμ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
someone put at a meeting who wasn't there.
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λͺ¨μž„에 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ 인물을 λ“±μž₯μ‹œμΌ°μ£ .
11:05
In other words, he didn't have the evidence.
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즉, κ·Έμ—κ²ŒλŠ” 증거가 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:07
His evidence didn't prove it.
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그의 μ¦κ±°λŠ” 사싀을 μž…μ¦ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:09
We didn't prove what happened.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 증λͺ…ν•œ 것은 λ°œμƒν•œ 사건이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:13
We proved that what he said happened --
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κ·Έκ°€ 일어났닀고 λ§ν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ΄ μ•„λ‹˜μ„ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
and by extension, all deniers, because he either quotes them
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더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€, λͺ¨λ“  λΆ€μ •λ‘ μžλ₯Ό λ°˜λ°•ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:18
or they get their arguments from him --
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κ·Έκ°€ μΈμš©ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ…Όκ±°λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜¨ λΆ€μ •λ‘ μžλ“€λ„ μ§„μ‹€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
11:21
is not true.
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11:22
What they claim --
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11:23
they don't have the evidence to prove it.
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μ£Όμž₯을 μž…μ¦ν•  증거가 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
So why is my story more than just the story
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μ œκ°€ κ²ͺ은 λ³„λ‚˜κ³  κΈΈμ—ˆλ˜ 6λ…„κ°„μ˜ νž˜λ“  μ†Œμ†‘μ΄
11:33
of a quirky, long, six-year, difficult lawsuit,
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이야기 μ΄μƒμ˜ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆλŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
11:37
an American professor being dragged into a courtroom
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법원이 λ„€μ˜€ λ‚˜μΉ˜ λ…Όκ°μœΌλ‘œ 판결 λ‚΄λ¦°
11:42
by a man that the court declared in its judgment
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ν•œ λ‚¨μžλ‘œ 인해 λ²•μ •μœΌλ‘œ λŒλ €κ°„
11:45
was a neo-Nazi polemicist?
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μ–΄λŠ λ―Έκ΅­ ꡐ수의 법정곡방에 μ–΄λ–€ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
11:47
What message does it have?
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무슨 λ©”μ‹œμ§€κ°€ 담겨 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
11:49
I think in the context of the question of truth,
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μ§„μ‹€μ˜ λ¬Έμ œλΌλŠ” λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄,
11:52
it has a very significant message.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ©”μ‹œμ§€κ°€ 담겨 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:55
Because today,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ 
11:56
as we well know,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ 잘 μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό,
11:58
truth and facts are under assault.
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진싀과 사싀은 곡격 λ°›κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:03
Social media, for all the gifts it has given us,
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μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ ν˜œνƒμ„ μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:06
has also allowed the difference between facts -- established facts --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ™μ‹œμ— 기정사싀과 κ±°μ§“λ§μ˜ 차이λ₯Ό
12:12
and lies
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12:14
to be flattened.
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λͺ¨ν˜Έν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:16
Third of all:
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μ„Έ 번째둜
12:18
extremism.
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κ·Ήλ‹¨μ£Όμ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:20
You may not see Ku Klux Klan robes,
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κ°€μš΄μ„ μž…μ€ KKK단과
12:24
you may not see burning crosses,
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λΆˆνƒ€λŠ” μ‹­μžκ°€λŠ” 보이지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:26
you may not even hear outright white supremacist language.
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노골적인 백인 μš°μ›”μ£Όμ˜μ μΈ 말은 듀리지 μ•Šμ„μ§€ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:30
It may go by names: "alt-right," "National Front" -- pick your names.
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"λŒ€μ•ˆ 우파" ,"κ΅­λ―Ό μ „μ„ "μ΄λž€ 이름이 κ·Έ 자리λ₯Ό λŒ€μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:35
But underneath, it's that same extremism that I found in Holocaust denial
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·Έ λ‚΄λ§‰μ—λŠ” ν™€λ‘œμ½”μŠ€νŠΈ λΆ€μ •μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ˜€λ˜
12:41
parading as rational discourse.
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합리적인 λ‹΄λ‘  ν–‰μ„Έλ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ·Ήλ‹¨μ£Όμ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:46
We live in an age where truth is on the defensive.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 진싀이 μˆ˜μ„Έμ— 놓인 μ‹œλŒ€μ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:52
I'm reminded of a New Yorker cartoon.
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λ‰΄μš•μ»€ λ§Œν‰ ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λ– μ˜€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:54
A quiz show recently appeared in "The New Yorker"
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"더 λ‰΄μš”μ»€(The New Yorke)"의 ν•œ ν€΄μ¦ˆμ‡Όμ—μ„œ
12:57
where the host of the quiz show is saying to one of the contestants,
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μ‚¬νšŒμžκ°€ ν•œ μ°Έκ°€μžμ—κ²Œ 이런 말을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:00
"Yes, ma'am, you had the right answer.
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"λ„€, μ •λ‹΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:02
But your opponent yelled more loudly than you did,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ κ²½μŸμžκ°€ 더 크게 λŒ€λ‹΅ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
13:05
so he gets the point."
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έκ°€ 점수λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έκ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€."
13:08
What can we do?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
13:10
First of all,
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첫째
13:11
we cannot be beguiled by rational appearances.
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이성적인 겉λͺ¨μŠ΅μ— 속지 λ§™μ‹œλ‹€.
13:17
We've got to look underneath,
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수면 μ•„λž˜μ˜ 진싀을 λ΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:19
and we will find there the extremism.
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그러면 κΈ‰μ§„μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:22
Second of all,
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λ‘˜μ§Έ
13:24
we must understand that truth is not relative.
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진싀은 μƒλŒ€μ μ΄μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 점을 μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:32
Number three,
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μ…‹μ§Έ
13:34
we must go on the offensive,
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곡격적인 μžμ„Έλ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
13:38
not the defensive.
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방어적인 μžμ„Έ λ§κ³ μš”.
13:40
When someone makes an outrageous claim,
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ—†λŠ” μ£Όμž₯을 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
13:43
even though they may hold one of the highest offices in the land,
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λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 높은 μ§€μœ„λ₯Ό κ°€μ‘Œμ–΄λ„
13:46
if not the world --
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œλΌλ„
13:48
we must say to them,
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:50
"Where's the proof?
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"증λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?"
13:52
Where's the evidence?"
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"μ¦κ±°λŠ” 어디에 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?"
13:54
We must hold their feet to the fire.
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그듀을 μ••λ°•ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:57
We must not treat it as if their lies are the same as the facts.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 거짓말을 사싀과 λ™λ“±ν•˜κ²Œ μ·¨κΈ‰ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:03
And as I said earlier, truth is not relative.
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μ•žμ„œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ Έλ“―μ΄. 진싀은 μƒλŒ€μ μ΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:06
Many of us have grown up in the world of the academy
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λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 학ꡐ κ΅μœ‘μ„ λ°›μ•˜κ³ 
14:09
and enlightened liberal thought,
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자유주의적 사고λ₯Ό κΉ¨μš°μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:11
where we're taught everything is open to debate.
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λͺ¨λ“  것을 λ…Όμ˜ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:14
But that's not the case.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 것도 있죠.
14:17
There are certain things that are true.
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λΆ„λͺ…ν•œ 진싀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:21
There are indisputable facts --
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λ°˜λ°•ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 사싀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:24
objective truths.
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객관적인 진싀듀
14:26
Galileo taught it to us centuries ago.
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λͺ‡ μ„ΈκΈ° μ „, 갈릴레였의 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ¨μ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
14:31
Even after being forced to recant by the Vatican
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지ꡬ가 νƒœμ–‘μ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ νšŒμ „ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 지동섀을 μ² νšŒν•˜λΌλŠ”
14:35
that the Earth moved around the Sun,
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둜마 κ΅ν™©μ²­μ˜ κ°•μš”λ₯Ό 받은 후에도,
14:38
he came out,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 바티칸을 λ‚˜μ„œλ©°, μ§€κΈˆλ„ 유λͺ…ν•œ λͺ…언을 λ‚¨κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:39
and what is he reported to have said?
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14:41
"And yet, it still moves."
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"κ·Έλž˜λ„ μ§€κ΅¬λŠ” λˆλ‹€"
14:47
The Earth is not flat.
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μ§€κ΅¬λŠ” ν‰ν‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:50
The climate is changing.
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κΈ°ν›„λŠ” λ³€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:53
Elvis is not alive.
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μ—˜λΉ„μŠ€ ν”„λ ˆμŠ¬λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚΄μ•„μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
14:55
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
14:57
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
14:59
And most importantly,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 무엇보닀도 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은,
15:01
truth and fact are under assault.
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진싀과 사싀이 곡격받고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:07
The job ahead of us,
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우리 μ•žμ— 놓인 일
15:08
the task ahead of us,
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우리 μ•žμ— 놓인 과제
15:09
the challenge ahead of us
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우리 μ•žμ— 놓인 도전은
15:11
is great.
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μœ„λŒ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:13
The time to fight is short.
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λ§žμ„œ μ‹ΈμšΈ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ€ μ§§μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:17
We must act now.
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μ§€κΈˆ 행동해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:20
Later will be too late.
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λŠ¦μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:24
Thank you very much.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:25
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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